CN103761381B - Cap size optimal design method based on compound human factor potential field - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cap size optimal design method based on compound human factor potential field. The method includes the steps: 1, building a compound human factor potential field model; 2, performing human factor analysis to verify initial locations of maintainers; 3, calculating a minimum fillet meeting the stress strength; 4, optimally solving cap parameters meeting the maintenance requirements on the basis of the theory of human factor potential field. The method has the advantages that the smallest cap area can be calculated, high visuality and accessibility level can be guaranteed on the premise of avoiding stress concentration, the method has clear physical significance and can be automatically completed by a computer, the problem that the manual design by experience causes unreasonableness in cap size is avoided, the problem that the need for repeated modification causes low efficiency is also avoided, and the scientific technical approach is provided for the maintenance design of caps for airplanes, ships and the like.

Description

A kind of cap size optimal design method based on compound human factor potential field

Technical field

The invention belongs to capability of maintenance design technical field, be specifically related to a kind of cap size optimal design method based on compound human factor potential field.

Background technology

In use maintained timely in order to ensure the Large-Scale Equipment such as aircraft, boats and ships and safeguarded, its surface needs to offer a large amount of lids, lid is the important channel to internal unit observation, inspection, maintenance, and its design is directly connected to the maintainability level of each equipment.But the equipment such as current aircraft exists the problems such as lid layout is wanting in consideration, openings of sizes is unreasonable in the design process to a certain extent, make equipment visuality, accessibility poor, maintenance is difficulty comparatively, have impact on maintenance quality and the attendance rate of equipment.

The design process of lid is comparatively complicated, consider the requirement such as strength constraint, maintainability, corrosion-resistant, quick-release, especially the size and shape design of lid, emphasis is needed to consider human factor, focus be put on man carries out design and makes every maintenance operation feature meet human engineering and maintainability requirement, method traditional has in this respect come based on the experience of people, lacks efficient technological means.

People keeps in repair main body for the sex a kind of artificial field of product repairing because potential field then describes, reflect the interaction mechanism between human body and Product maintenance feature, contain the kinergety of material in potential field, form the state of motion more to low-potential energy region from high potential energy region.It includes the independent potential fields such as human body visuality, accessibility and comfortableness and and Composite Field each other.Under the effect of people because of potential field, each design cell of structure will possess certain people because of potential energy, people produces gravitation to unit because of the region that potential energy is larger, and produce repulsion between the unit belonging to different structure body, thus the dynamic change of product structure and layout can be driven, find the dynamic position of design cell thus, finally reach the maximization of " maintainability gravitation ".

By people because potential field is applied to lid design, can in shape, set up a kind of mapping relations between size design and maintainability index, thus realize providing a kind of feasible technological means for the designing requirement relevant to people's maintenance operation.But the optimal design of how carrying out lid size based on compound human factor potential field that is visual and accessibility at present still lacks corresponding method.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of based on the cap size optimal design method of people because of potential field, internal unit can be made to present good maintainability level, and intensity meets the demands.

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:

Based on a cap size optimal design method for compound human factor potential field, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:

(1) compound human factor potential field model, is set up:

The Artificial Potential Field that compound human factor potential field is formed for visual and accessibility two factors; Definition compound people because of potential-energy function is:

$U_F=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}[1-C_{\mathrm{\θ}}\left(X_P\right)\·C_l\left(X_P\right)]\·\underset{i=1}{\overset{\mathrm{DOF}}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{\mathrm{\ω}}_i{\left(\frac{q_i-q_i^N}{q_i^U-q_i^N}\right)}^2& q_i^U\≥q_i\≥q_i^N\\ [1-C_{\mathrm{\θ}}\left(X_P\right)\·C_l\left(X_P\right)]\·\underset{i=1}{\overset{\mathrm{DOF}}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{\mathrm{\ω}}_i{\left(\frac{q_i-q_i^N}{q_i^L-q_i^N}\right)}^2& q_i^N\≥q_i\≥q_i^L\end{array}\right.---\left(1\right)$

Wherein: q _ifor from human body waist to each joint angles of eye and hand, centered by angle, q _imaxfor from human body waist to the FROM in each joint of eye and hand, q _iminfor from human body waist to the minimum activity range in each joint of eye and hand; ω _ifor the weights of each joint comfort level, meet dOF is each joint freedom degrees sum; C _l(X _p) be visibility sighting distance function;

C _θ(X _p) be visual field effects function, be made up of vertical visual field function and horizontal field of view function;

Definition vertical visual field function for:

In formula (2), θ _yfor vertical coverage angle: θ _y1min, θ _y1maxfor the minimum vertical angle of sight and the maximum perpendicular angle of sight of optimum field, θ _y0min, θ _y0maxfor the minimum vertical angle of sight and the maximum perpendicular angle of sight of absolute visual field.

Definition horizontal field of view function expression is:

$C_{{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_x}=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}1& {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_x=0\\ 0& \left|{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_x\right|>{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{x0\max }\\ -0.1\&CenterDot;\frac{\left|{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_x\right|}{{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{x1\max }}+1& 0<\left|{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_x\right|\&le;{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{x1\max }\\ 0.9\&CenterDot;\frac{\left|{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_x\right|-{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{x0\max }}{{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{x1\max }-{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{x0\max }}& {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{x1\max }<\left|{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_x\right|\&le;{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{x0\max }\end{array}\right.---\left(3\right)$

In formula, θ _xfor horizontal line of sight angle: θ _x1maxfor the maximum horizontal angle of sight in optimum field, θ _x0maxfor the maximum horizontal angle of sight in absolute visual field.

C _l(X _p) be visibility sighting distance function:

$C_l=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}1& l=l_1\\ 0.2\&CenterDot;\frac{l-l_1}{l_1-l_{1\min 1}}+1& l_{1\min }\&le;l\&le;l_1\\ -0.2\&CenterDot;\frac{l-l_{1\max }}{l_1-l_{1\max }}+1& l_1\&le;l\&le;1_{1\max }\\ 0.8\&CenterDot;\frac{l}{l_{1\min }}& 0<l\&le;l_{1\min }\\ 0.8\&CenterDot;\frac{l-l_{0\max }}{l_{1\max }-l_{0\max }}& l_{1\max }<l\&le;l_{0\max }\\ 0& l>l_{0\max }\end{array}\right.---\left(4\right)$

In formula, l ₁for optimum sighting distance, l _1minand l _1maxfor minimum value and the maximal value of normal operation sighting distance, l _0maxrepresent maximum operation sighting distance.

Two, by people because of analysis verification personnel positions:

According to national standard " Chinese adult human dimension " (GB10000-1988), get the human arm size of the 90th hundredths as design reference, to ensure that this design result is applicable to most maintenance personal, consider the comfortableness of arm in maintenance process simultaneously, arm can stretch song to some extent, determine the distance of human body front end face and device panel, ensure that all inside equipment to be repaired meets visual and reachability requirements.

Three, set up stress analysis finite element model, calculate the minimum rounding meeting stress intensity

Opening can produce stress and concentrate, and needs to carry out rounding to the lid of the right angle transition such as rectangle, makes maximum stress meet strength constraint.Therefore analyze lid stress situation, be step-length determination rounding size according to 1mm, set up the finite element model of lid stress analysis, carry out finite element analysis.Determine to meet the minimum chamfering radius η that stress concentrates requirement when retaining size surplus Δ;

Four, based on people because of lid dimensional parameters during potential field theory Optimization Solution area minimum:

(1) based on the foundation of people because of the dimensionally-optimised model of lid of potential field

Set up based on the lid dimensionally-optimised model of people because of potential field, comprise determination and description, the foundation of objective function and the process of constraint condition of variable.

1. the determination of variable and description

The size of consideration equipment and location parameter.Design variable is the location parameter X of equipment, that is:

X＝{X _e,X _s,X _h}＝{(x _e,y _e,z _e),(x ₁,…，x _i,…x _n),(x _h,y _h,z _h)} (5)

Wherein, X _e=(x _e, y _e, z _e) for describing the location parameter of eye, X _h=(x _h, y _h, z _h) be the centre coordinate of lid, X _s=(x ₁..., x _i... x _n) (i=1,2 ... n) for describing the parameters for shape characteristic of lid, n is parameters for shape characteristic number.

2. the process of constraint condition

The constraint condition considered is needed to have in the profile design process of lid:

A. the sight line of people can observe equipment key person because of point by lid.Represent that lid is projected in each point set (region) of inside, equipment bottom surface through remarkable sight line with Ω.P _i(x _i, y _i, z _i) represent the coordinate of each key person because of point.Then have:

P _i(x _i,y _i,z _i)∈Ω，i＝1,2,…m (6)

Wherein m indication equipment key person is because of the number of point.

B. observation point people because of potential energy value should not higher than the ultimate value required.

Higher people means poor maintainability because of potential energy value.The people of shape optimum is constrained to because of potential energy value:

$U=\underset{j=1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_j{U}_{\mathrm{Fj}}\&le;U_{F\max }---\left(7\right)$

Wherein, U _fj, ω _jfor an equipment jth key person is because a compound people is because of potential energy value and weighted value thereof, m indication equipment key person is because of the number of point; U _fmaxfor the limit people required is because of potential energy value.ω _jbetween meet normalizing condition: (0 < ω _j< 1); U _ffor compound human factor potential field value;

3. the establishment of objective function

The key person of define equipment is because of point, and optimal design variable, enables the eyes of people observe key person because of point by lid, and meets the requirement that compound human factor potential field potential energy value is not more than 0.2; According to the lid requirement of strength of the 3rd step above, ensure that minimum chamfering radius is η; Wish that lid is better less, also namely the area of lid is minimum simultaneously:

min S＝min S(x ₁,…,x _i,…x _n) (8)

(2) optimum lid dimensional parameters is solved:

APSO algorithm is adopted to solve; Detailed process is as follows:

1. adopt Matlab software initialization model parameter, comprise size that maintenance of equipment is correlated with and the posture that position, human body are stood and locus;

2. set up based on compound human factor potential field, the opening size Optimized model that is target with lid area according to formula (1)-(8); Matlab software initialization is adopted to produce the population position and speed that meet constraint condition at random; To calculate in initialization population optimal value in dimensionally-optimised model, determine initial optimal location parameter;

3. renewal speed and population position whether inspection meets constraint condition, if not being continue renewal speed and population position until satisfy condition; The speed of particle and position upgrade according to following equation:

$v_{\mathrm{id}}^{k+1}=v_{\mathrm{id}}^k+c_1\&CenterDot;{\mathrm{rand}}_1^k\&CenterDot;(p_{\mathrm{id}}^k-x_{\mathrm{id}}^k)+c_2\&CenterDot;{\mathrm{rand}}_2^k\&CenterDot;(p_{\mathrm{gd}}^k-x_{\mathrm{id}}^k)---\left(9\right)$

$x_{\mathrm{id}}^{k+1}=x_{\mathrm{id}}^k+v_{\mathrm{id}}^{k+1}---\left(10\right)$

In formula, with for equally distributed random number in (0 ~ 1); it is the current location of particle i d dimension in k iteration; c ₁and c ₂studying factors or accelerator coefficient; p _idfor the current optimal value of population experience; p _gdit is then global optimum;

4. reference area objective function, using objective function rate of change as stopping criterion, whether inspection meets stopping criterion, and circulation renewal particle rapidity and position, until meet stopping criterion, obtain optimal result.

The feature of the inventive method is: carry out the maintainability level of characterization device by setting up people because of potential energy, equipment key person to be repaired is made to meet the demands in situation because of the compound potential energy total amount of point, Optimization Solution obtains minimum lid area, while avoiding stress to concentrate, ensure good visuality and accessibility level.The method explicit physical meaning, and automatically can be completed by computing machine, avoid and design the caused unreasonable problem of lid size by artificial experience, it also avoid and repeatedly need revise caused inefficiency problem, the capability of maintenance design for the lid such as aircraft, boats and ships provides the technological approaches of science.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 technical scheme process flow diagram of the present invention

Fig. 2 is equipment to be repaired and position of human eye sketch in cabin

Fig. 3 is that the key person of maintenance of equipment on panel is because of a distribution plan

Fig. 4 is the convergence curve figure of lid area

Fig. 5 is the Mises stress envelope of the different rounding of lid

Fig. 6 is because of the lid of the place optimized generation of gesture and scale diagrams based on people

Fig. 7 is the visualization analysis schematic diagram carried out lid design based on CATIA software

Fig. 8 is the approachability analysis schematic diagram carried out lid design based on CATIA software

The realization of the object of the invention, functional characteristics and advantage will in conjunction with the embodiments, are described further with reference to accompanying drawing.

Embodiment

Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.

The invention provides a kind of cap size optimal design method based on compound human factor potential field, comprise the following steps:

(1) compound human factor potential field model, is set up:

The Artificial Potential Field that compound human factor potential field is formed for visual and accessibility two factors; Definition compound people because of potential-energy function is:

$U_F=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}[1-C_{\mathrm{\&theta;}}\left(X_P\right)\&CenterDot;C_l\left(X_P\right)]\&CenterDot;\underset{i=1}{\overset{\mathrm{DOF}}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_i{\left(\frac{q_i-q_i^N}{q_i^U-q_i^N}\right)}^2& q_i^U\&GreaterEqual;q_i\&GreaterEqual;q_i^N\\ [1-C_{\mathrm{\&theta;}}\left(X_P\right)\&CenterDot;C_l\left(X_P\right)]\&CenterDot;\underset{i=1}{\overset{\mathrm{DOF}}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_i{\left(\frac{q_i-q_i^N}{q_i^L-q_i^N}\right)}^2& q_i^N\&GreaterEqual;q_i\&GreaterEqual;q_i^L\end{array}\right.---\left(1\right)$

Wherein: q _ifor from human body waist to each joint angles of eye and hand, centered by angle, q _imaxfor from human body waist to the FROM in each joint of eye and hand, q _iminfor from human body waist to the minimum activity range in each joint of eye and hand; ω _ifor the weights of each joint comfort level, meet dOF is each joint freedom degrees sum;

C _θ(X _p) be visual field effects function, be made up of vertical visual field function and horizontal field of view function;

Definition vertical visual field function for:

In formula (2), θ _yfor vertical coverage angle: θ _y1min, θ _y1maxfor the minimum vertical angle of sight and the maximum perpendicular angle of sight of optimum field, θ _y0min, θ _y0maxfor the minimum vertical angle of sight and the maximum perpendicular angle of sight of absolute visual field;

Definition horizontal field of view function expression is:

$C_{{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_x}=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}1& {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_x=0\\ 0& \left|{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_x\right|>{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{x0\max }\\ -0.1\&CenterDot;\frac{\left|{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_x\right|}{{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{x1\max }}+1& 0<\left|{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_x\right|\&le;{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{x1\max }\\ 0.9\&CenterDot;\frac{\left|{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_x\right|-{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{x0\max }}{{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{x1\max }-{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{x0\max }}& {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{x1\max }<\left|{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_x\right|\&le;{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{x0\max }\end{array}\right.---\left(3\right)$

In formula, θ _xfor horizontal line of sight angle: θ _x1maxfor the maximum horizontal angle of sight in optimum field, θ _x0maxfor the maximum horizontal angle of sight in absolute visual field;

C _l(X _p) be visibility sighting distance function:

$C_l=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}1& l=l_1\\ 0.2\&CenterDot;\frac{l-l_1}{l_1-l_{1\min 1}}+1& l_{1\min }\&le;l\&le;l_1\\ -0.2\&CenterDot;\frac{l-l_{1\max }}{l_1-l_{1\max }}+1& l_1\&le;l\&le;1_{1\max }\\ 0.8\&CenterDot;\frac{l}{l_{1\min }}& 0<l\&le;l_{1\min }\\ 0.8\&CenterDot;\frac{l-l_{0\max }}{l_{1\max }-l_{0\max }}& l_{1\max }<l\&le;l_{0\max }\\ 0& l>l_{0\max }\end{array}\right.---\left(4\right)$

In formula, l ₁for optimum sighting distance, l _1minand l _1maxfor minimum value and the maximal value of normal operation sighting distance, l _0maxrepresent maximum operation sighting distance;

Two, by people because of analysis verification personnel positions:

According to national standard " Chinese adult human dimension " (GB10000-1988), get the human arm size of the 90th hundredths as design reference, determine the distance of human body front end face and device panel, ensure that all inside equipment to be repaired meets visual and reachability requirements;

Three, the minimum rounding meeting stress intensity is calculated:

Opening can produce stress and concentrate, and needing the lid to there is right angle transition to carry out rounding, making maximum stress meet strength constraint; Analyze lid stress situation, be step-length determination rounding size according to 1mm, set up the finite element model of lid stress analysis, carry out finite element analysis; Determine to meet the minimum chamfering radius η that stress concentrates requirement when retaining size surplus Δ;

Four, based on people because of lid dimensional parameters during potential field theory Optimization Solution area minimum:

(1) based on the foundation of people because of the dimensionally-optimised model of lid of potential field

Set up based on the lid dimensionally-optimised model of people because of potential field, comprise the determination of variable and description, the foundation of objective function and constraint condition:

1. the determination of variable and description

The size of consideration equipment and location parameter; Design variable is the location parameter X of equipment, that is:

X＝{X _e,X _s,X _h}＝{(x _e,y _e,z _e),(x ₁,…,x _i,…x _n),(x _h,y _h,z _h)} (5)

Wherein, X _e=(x _e, y _e, z _e) for describing the location parameter of eye, X _h=(x _h, y _h, z _h) be the centre coordinate of lid, X _s=(x ₁..., x _i... x _n) (i=1,2 ... n) for describing the parameters for shape characteristic of lid, n is parameters for shape characteristic number;

2. the process of constraint condition

Constraint condition in the profile design process of lid has:

A. the sight line of people can observe equipment key person because of point by lid; Represent that lid is projected in each point set (region) of inside, equipment bottom surface through remarkable sight line with Ω; P _i(x _i, y _i, z _i) represent the coordinate of each key person because of point; Then have:

P _i(x _i,y _i,z _i)∈Ω，i＝1,2,…m (6)

Wherein m indication equipment key person is because of the number of point;

B. observation point people because of potential energy value should not higher than the ultimate value required;

Higher people means poor maintainability because of potential energy value; The people of shape optimum is constrained to because of potential energy value:

$U=\underset{j=1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_j{U}_{\mathrm{Fj}}\&le;U_{F\max }---\left(7\right)$

Wherein, U _fj, ω _jfor an equipment jth key person is because a compound people is because of potential energy value and weighted value thereof, m indication equipment key person is because of the number of point; U _fmaxfor the limit people required is because of potential energy value; ω _jbetween meet normalizing condition: (0 < ω _j< 1); U _ffor compound human factor potential field value;

3. the establishment of objective function

The key person of define equipment is because of point, and optimal design variable, enables the eyes of people observe key person because of point by lid, and meets the requirement that compound human factor potential field potential energy value is not more than 0.2; According to the lid requirement of strength of the 3rd step above, ensure that minimum chamfering radius is η; Wish that lid is better less, also namely the area of lid is minimum simultaneously:

min S＝min S(x ₁,…,x _i,…x _n) (8)

(2) optimum lid dimensional parameters is solved

APSO algorithm is adopted to solve; Detailed process is as follows:

5. adopt Matlab software initialization model parameter, comprise size that maintenance of equipment is correlated with and the posture that position, human body are stood and locus;

6. set up based on compound human factor potential field, the opening size Optimized model that is target with lid area according to formula (1)-(8); Matlab software initialization is adopted to produce the population position and speed that meet constraint condition at random; To calculate in initialization population optimal value in dimensionally-optimised model, determine initial optimal location parameter;

7. renewal speed and population position whether inspection meets constraint condition, if not being continue renewal speed and population position until satisfy condition; The speed of particle and position upgrade according to following equation:

$v_{\mathrm{id}}^{k+1}=v_{\mathrm{id}}^k+c_1\&CenterDot;{\mathrm{rand}}_1^k\&CenterDot;(p_{\mathrm{id}}^k-x_{\mathrm{id}}^k)+c_2\&CenterDot;{\mathrm{rand}}_2^k\&CenterDot;(p_{\mathrm{gd}}^k-x_{\mathrm{id}}^k)---\left(9\right)$

$x_{\mathrm{id}}^{k+1}=x_{\mathrm{id}}^k+v_{\mathrm{id}}^{k+1}---\left(10\right)$

In formula, with for equally distributed random number in (0 ~ 1); it is the current location of particle i d dimension in k iteration; c ₁and c ₂studying factors or accelerator coefficient; p _idfor the current optimal value of population experience; p _gdit is then global optimum;

8. reference area objective function, using objective function rate of change as stopping criterion, whether inspection meets stopping criterion, and circulation renewal particle rapidity and position, until meet stopping criterion, obtain optimal result.

Below for the maintenance of equipment set in aircraft cabin, describe the step adopting method provided by the present invention to carry out its lid profile design.

The maintenance of equipment of setting in aircraft cabin and the position of human eye are as shown in Figure 2.Device A is because need artificial dismounting, and special concern is 100mm × 120mm to its physical dimension.Equipment B, equipment C, equipment D, equipment E are the equipment needing in maintenance to observe and operate.The key person of each maintenance of equipment because of a position and visibility weight as shown in table 1.Sight line is perpendicular to layout plane.Consider that arm accessibility and maintenance comfortableness, health bend the comfort degree for people, specify that the eyes of people can only move in the plane of 500mm height.

Table 1 key person because of point coordinate and visibility weight

Sequence number	Coordinate/mm	Weight
			1	(120，160)	0.15
2	(160，-120)	0.15
			3	(-120，-160)	0.1
4	(-160，120)	0.1
			5	(0，0)	0.5

According to above parameter, the step utilizing method provided by the present invention to carry out lid profile design is:

(I) based on human body dimension measurement national standard (GB10000-1988), choose hundredths be 90 human arm size as design reference to ensure that this design result is applicable to most maintenance personal, hundredths be 90 human body forearm and upperarm length be respectively 253mm, 333mm.Consider the comfortableness of arm in maintenance process, arm can stretch song to some extent simultaneously, determines that the distance of human body front end face and device panel is 500mm.

(II) determine that the original shape of lid is canonical rectangle, and according to the center of the relative position determination canonical rectangle between human body and equipment to be repaired.Consider the impact that stress is concentrated, analyze the stressing conditions of equipment in actual mechanical process, set up the stress analysis finite element model of rounding radii (taking 1mm as step-length) rectangle within the scope of 5mm-30mm, the stress obtaining rounding place concentrates situation, and concentrates allowed band to determine feasible rounding size according to stress.For the rectangular aperture of band rounding, when ensureing 5mm size surplus (Δ=5mm), can concentrate within tolerance interval by proof stress when radius of corner is greater than 15mm (η=15mm).The Mises stress distribution of different rounding as shown in Figure 4.

(III) according to step (I) personnel's size of determining and position, analyze, set up the compound human factor potential field of equipment to be repaired in cabin.Get and describe set up based on the lid dimensionally-optimised model of people because of compound potential field as objective function as constraint, formula (6) described by (7) and (8) with the formula.Adopt Matlab software initialization model parameter, utilize self-adaptation particle swarm optimization to solve.Detailed process is: the target function value calculating each particle in initialization population, determines initial optimal location parameter.Population position and speed is upgraded according to formula (9) and (10).Reference area objective function, using objective function rate of change as stopping criterion, the end loop when rate of change meets setting value, is namely met the lid optimised shape under certain potential energy requirement and size.

Effect of the present invention is illustrated by following experiment.Optimized algorithm solves lid area change as shown in Figure 5.Can find out, lid area progressively declines in optimizing process, finally converges to 0.062m ², the dimensionally-optimised result of the lid obtained as shown in Figure 6, is 266mm*233mm.Fig. 7 and 8 is the analysis results utilizing three-dimensional software CATIA to carry out maintainability, can find out, the eye-observation region of Fig. 7 left shows 5 equipment and is visibility status; In Fig. 8, the device A operation of visual human to centre can reach.This shows, the Optimum Design Results of lid size meets maintainability and requires and strength constraint requirement.

Table 2 is other less and larger opening size and the comparing of result of calculation of the present invention, can find out, when opening size is 288mm*260mm, because area is larger, improve maintainability level, people because of potential energy value lower, maintenance process is visual to be reached, but Mises stress value is higher, safety risks can be brought.And opening size is when being 288mm*260mm, because area is less, Mises stress value decreases, but has occurred the problem that part is not visible, can reach, and can not meet the inspection and maintenance requirement of equipment.

During table 2 different lid size, maintenance of equipment and strength level compares

Opening size	People is because of potential energy value	Mises stress value	CATIA simulation result
				266mm*233mm	0.2457	1.53Mpa	Visual, can reach
288mm*260mm	0.1865	3.32Mpa	Visual, can reach
				233mm*200mm	0.5631	1.39Mpa	Part is not visible, can reach

Claims (1)

1., based on a cap size optimal design method for compound human factor potential field, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:

(1) compound human factor potential field model, is set up:

The Artificial Potential Field that compound human factor potential field is formed for visual and accessibility two factors; Definition compound people because of potential-energy function is:

$U_F=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}[1-C_{\mathrm{\&theta;}}\left(X_P\right)\&CenterDot;C_l\left(X_P\right)]\&CenterDot;\underset{i=1}{\overset{\mathrm{DOF}}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_i{\left(\frac{q_i-q_i^N}{q_i^U-q_i^N}\right)}^2& q_i^U\&GreaterEqual;q_i\&GreaterEqual;q_i^N\\ [1-C_{\mathrm{\&theta;}}\left(X_P\right)\&CenterDot;C_l\left(X_P\right)]\&CenterDot;\underset{i=1}{\overset{\mathrm{DOF}}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_i{\left(\frac{q_i-q_i^N}{q_i^L-q_i^N}\right)}^2& q_i^N\&GreaterEqual;q_i\&GreaterEqual;q_i^L\end{array}\right.---\left(1\right)$

Wherein: q _ifor from human body waist to each joint angles of eye and hand, centered by angle, q _imaxfor from human body waist to the FROM in each joint of eye and hand, q _iminfor from human body waist to the minimum activity range in each joint of eye and hand; ω _ifor the weights of each joint comfort level, meet dOF is each joint freedom degrees sum; C _l(X _p) be visibility sighting distance function;

C _θ(X _p) be visual field effects function, be made up of vertical visual field function and horizontal field of view function;

Definition vertical visual field function for:

In formula (2), θ _yfor vertical coverage angle: θ _y1min, θ _y1maxfor the minimum vertical angle of sight and the maximum perpendicular angle of sight of optimum field, θ _y0min, θ _y0maxfor the minimum vertical angle of sight and the maximum perpendicular angle of sight of absolute visual field;

Definition horizontal field of view function expression is:

$C_{{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_x}=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}1& {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_x=0\\ 0& \left|{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_x\right|>{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{x0\max }\\ -0.1\&CenterDot;\frac{\left|{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_x\right|}{{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{x1\max }}+1& 0<\left|{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_x\right|\&le;{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{x1\max }\\ 0.9\&CenterDot;\frac{\left|{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_x\right|-{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{x0\max }}{{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{x1\max }-{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{x0\max }}& {\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{x1\max }<\left|{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_x\right|\&le;{\mathrm{\&theta;}}_{x0\max }\end{array}\right.---\left(3\right)$

In formula, θ _xfor horizontal line of sight angle: θ _x1maxfor the maximum horizontal angle of sight in optimum field, θ _x0maxfor the maximum horizontal angle of sight in absolute visual field;

C _l(X _p) be visibility sighting distance function:

$C_l=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}1& l=l_1\\ 0.2\&CenterDot;\frac{l-l_1}{l_1-l_{1\min 1}}+1& l_{1\min }\&le;l\&le;l_1\\ -0.2\&CenterDot;\frac{l-l_{1\max }}{l_1-l_{1\max }}+1& l_1\&le;l\&le;l_{1\max }\\ 0.8\&CenterDot;\frac{l}{l_{1\min }}& 0<l\&le;l_{1\min }\\ 0.8\&CenterDot;\frac{l-l_{0\max }}{l_{1\max }-l_{0\max }}& l_{1\max }<l\&le;l_{0\max }\\ 0& l>l_{0\max }\end{array}\right.---\left(4\right)$

In formula, l ₁for optimum sighting distance, l _1minand l _1maxfor minimum value and the maximal value of normal operation sighting distance, l _0maxrepresent maximum operation sighting distance;

Two, by people because of analysis verification personnel positions:

According to national standard " Chinese adult human dimension " (GB10000-1988), get the human arm size of the 90th hundredths as design reference, determine the distance of human body front end face and device panel, ensure that all inside equipment to be repaired meets visual and reachability requirements;

Three, the minimum rounding meeting stress intensity is calculated:

Opening can produce stress and concentrate, and needing the lid to there is right angle transition to carry out rounding, making maximum stress meet strength constraint; Analyze lid stress situation, be step-length determination rounding size according to 1mm, set up the finite element model of lid stress analysis, carry out finite element analysis; Determine to meet the minimum chamfering radius η that stress concentrates requirement when retaining size surplus Δ;

Four, based on people because of lid dimensional parameters during potential field theory Optimization Solution area minimum:

(1) based on the foundation of people because of the dimensionally-optimised model of lid of potential field

Set up based on the lid dimensionally-optimised model of people because of potential field, comprise the determination of variable and description, the foundation of objective function and constraint condition:

1. the determination of variable and description

The size of consideration equipment and location parameter; Design variable is the location parameter X of equipment, that is:

X＝{X _e,X _s,X _h}＝{(x _e,y _e,z _e),(x ₁,…,x _i,…x _n),(x _h,y _h,z _h)} (5)

Wherein, X _e=(x _e, y _e, z _e) for describing the location parameter of eye, X _h=(x _h, y _h, z _h) be the centre coordinate of lid, X _s=(x ₁..., x _i... x _n) (i=1,2 ... n) for describing the parameters for shape characteristic of lid, n is parameters for shape characteristic number;

2. the process of constraint condition

Constraint condition in the profile design process of lid has:

A. the sight line of people can observe equipment key person because of point by lid; Represent that lid is projected in each point set (region) of inside, equipment bottom surface through remarkable sight line with Ω; P _i(x _i, y _i, z _i) represent the coordinate of each key person because of point; Then have:

P _i(x _i,y _i,z _i)∈Ω，i＝1,2,…m (6)

Wherein m indication equipment key person is because of the number of point;

B. observation point people because of potential energy value should not higher than the ultimate value required;

Higher people means poor maintainability because of potential energy value; The people of shape optimum is constrained to because of potential energy value:

$U=\underset{j=1}{\overset{m}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;}}}{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_j{U}_{\mathrm{Fj}}\&le;U_{F\max }---\left(7\right)$

Wherein, U _fj, ω _jfor an equipment jth key person is because a compound people is because of potential energy value and weighted value thereof, m indication equipment key person is because of the number of point; U _fmaxfor the limit people required is because of potential energy value; ω _jbetween meet normalizing condition: (0 < ω _j< 1); U _ffor compound human factor potential field value;

3. the establishment of objective function

The key person of define equipment is because of point, and optimal design variable, enables the eyes of people observe key person because of point by lid, and meets the requirement that compound human factor potential field potential energy value is not more than 0.2; According to the lid requirement of strength of the 3rd step above, ensure that minimum chamfering radius is η; Wish that lid is better less, also namely the area of lid is minimum simultaneously:

minS＝minS(x ₁,…,x _i,…x _n) (8)

(2) optimum lid dimensional parameters is solved

APSO algorithm is adopted to solve; Detailed process is as follows:

1. adopt Matlab software initialization model parameter, comprise size that maintenance of equipment is correlated with and the posture that position, human body are stood and locus;

2. set up based on compound human factor potential field, the opening size Optimized model that is target with lid area according to formula (1)-(8); Matlab software initialization is adopted to produce the population position and speed that meet constraint condition at random; To calculate in initialization population optimal value in dimensionally-optimised model, determine initial optimal location parameter;

3. renewal speed and population position whether inspection meets constraint condition, if not being continue renewal speed and population position until satisfy condition; The speed of particle and position upgrade according to following equation:

$v_{\mathrm{id}}^{k+1}=v_{\mathrm{id}}^k+c_1\&CenterDot;{\mathrm{rand}}_1^k\&CenterDot;(p_{\mathrm{id}}^k-x_{\mathrm{id}}^k)+c_2\&CenterDot;{\mathrm{rand}}_2^k\&CenterDot;(p_{\mathrm{gd}}^k-x_{\mathrm{id}}^k)---\left(9\right)$

$x_{\mathrm{id}}^{k+1}=x_{\mathrm{id}}^k+v_{\mathrm{id}}^{k+1}---\left(10\right)$

In formula, with for equally distributed random number in (0 ~ 1); it is the current location of particle i d dimension in k iteration; c ₁and c ₂studying factors or accelerator coefficient; p _idfor the current optimal value of population experience; p _gdit is then global optimum;

4. reference area objective function, using objective function rate of change as stopping criterion, whether inspection meets stopping criterion, and circulation renewal particle rapidity and position, until meet stopping criterion, obtain optimal result.