CN103760197A - Two-phase flow measuring system based on distributed conductivity sensor - Google Patents
Two-phase flow measuring system based on distributed conductivity sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN103760197A CN103760197A CN201410033941.5A CN201410033941A CN103760197A CN 103760197 A CN103760197 A CN 103760197A CN 201410033941 A CN201410033941 A CN 201410033941A CN 103760197 A CN103760197 A CN 103760197A
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Abstract
The invention provides a two-phase flow measuring system based on a distributed conductivity sensor. The two-phase flow measuring system comprises a data collecting device, a four-section distributed conductivity sensor, a forcing function generator, a reference resistor, a differential amplification and signal processing circuit and an upper computer, wherein the four-section distributed conductivity sensor comprises vertical rising pipelines and four pairs of electrodes, each pair of electrodes comprise an exciting electrode E fixed on the upper part of each vertical rising pipeline and a measuring electrode M fixed on the lower part of each vertical rising pipeline, and each electrode in the four pairs of electrodes comprises an arc-shaped ring; the four measuring electrodes E are positioned on the same height in the vertical rising pipelines and are uniformly distributed at equal intervals, the four measuring electrodes M are positioned in the vertical rising pipeline and are arranged on the same height which is lower than the heights of the four measuring electrodes M and are uniformly distributed at equal intervals, and each pair of electrodes are arranged in an upper-down parallel manner. The two-phase flow measuring system based on the distributed conductivity sensor provided by the invention is used for measuring partial flowing information of a uniform complex fluid.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of two-phase flow sensor, the particularly measuring system based on conductivity sensor.
Background technology
Two-phase flow phenomenon is extensively present in the traditional industries such as petroleum engineering, chemical engineering, metallurgical engineering, nuclear engineering, Aeronautical And Astronautical Engineering and infant industry field.Two-phase flow is the mixed flow system of any two-phase incompatibility material in gas, liquid, solid three-phase.Owing to existing the difference in the physical propertys such as density, viscosity in two-phase flow between each composition, under the impact of the factors such as flow, pressure, gravity and pipeline shape, cause measuring two-phase flow parameter very difficult.Phase-splitting cross section is an important parameter in two-phase flow commercial Application system containing rate (phase content), and its accurate measurement all has great importance for metering, control and the operational reliability of production run.
Two-phase flow phase content measuring technique mainly comprises ultrasonic method, optical method, rays method, the electric capacity of application resistance technique and conductance method etc.Because conductivity sensor has the plurality of advantages such as principle is clear, simple in structure, response is stable; be widely used in polyphasic flow parameter measurement; early stage in sensor research and development; the plate electrodes that adopt are measured thickness of liquid film more; disturbance for fear of sensor convection; the ring electrode sensor that embeds vertical uplift pipeline inwall arises at the historic moment, such as annular electro derivative sensor, with guard electrode and temperature compensation to wall type ring-type conductivity sensor, annular and semi-circular conductivity sensor, six electrod-array conductivity sensors and eight electrod-array conductivity sensors etc.
At present, measurement vertical uplift pipeline cross section ensemble average information can not meet to the array conductivity sensor of wall circular conductivity sensor and measurement space Global Information the demand that local fluidal texture accurately measures phase content of measuring.The conducting probe sensor of existing measurement local message, because its electrode is less, can only measure the fluid information (as local velocity and concentration) of a point, and output signal only has dividing of low and high level, and the flowing information amount comprising is few.Within single capacitor string silk sensor sensing range is confined near scope extremely small potential electrode, and plug in construction can produce disturbance by stream field, in the measurement of non-homogeneous, complex fluid, has limitation.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention be to provide a kind of can be under the prerequisite in not disturbance flow field, catch as much as possible the local flow information of flow through in vertical uplift pipeline non-homogeneous, complicated two-phase flow but not be only the two-phase flow measurement system of the fluid local message on point or line.The sensor that two-phase flow measurement system provided by the invention adopts, can be from the interphase interaction of local flow information research two-phase flow and formation, the mechanism of Evolution of flow pattern, and the data of this sensor measurement can be passed through data fusion, aspect phase content measurement, there iing good effect.For realizing above-mentioned target, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A two-phase flow measurement system based on distributed electrical derivative sensor, described measuring system comprises data collector, four sector distributed electrical derivative sensors, forcing function generator, reference resistance, differential amplification and signal conditioning circuit, host computer, wherein,
Described sensor comprises one section of vertical uplift pipeline of being made by insulator and is fixed on four pairs of electrodes on vertical uplift pipeline, the every pair of electrode includes one and is fixed on vertical uplift pipeline and is fixed on compared with the exciting electrode E of upper part and one the potential electrode M that vertical uplift pipeline descends position, each electrode in four pairs of electrodes comprises one section of arc ring, and the curvature of each electrode is consistent with the curvature of vertical uplift pipeline, make electrode can smoothly embed the internal face of vertical uplift pipeline, four exciting electrode E are positioned on the sustained height of vertical uplift pipeline, and evenly spaced apart each other, be discontinuous circular, four measuring electrode M is positioned at vertical uplift pipeline, on sustained height lower than four exciting electrode E place height, and also evenly spaced apart each other, be discontinuous circular, wherein every pair of electrode be arranged in parallel up and down, each electrode also comprises one section of cylindrical conductor being connected on described arc ring, stretches out in outside vertical uplift pipeline, for input and the output of signal, the sensitive area of each electrode in vertical uplift pipeline be one fan-shaped.
Described data collector comprises eight data acquisition channels, four exciting electrode E are communicated with forcing function generator by reference to resistance, four measuring electrode M ground connection, forcing function generator produces sinusoidal ac signal, signal is after fluid-mixing in reference resistance and pipeline, carried fluid flowing information in pipeline, with reference to resistive voltage V
refwith voltage V on sensor
senafter differential amplification and signal conditioning circuit, simulating signal is transported to described data collector, sample and become digital signal, and send into host computer, by host computer, to flowing through the fluid of vertical uplift pipeline from bottom to top, carry out analysis and calculation.
As preferred implementation, each electrode embeds vertical uplift pipeline internal face, and electrode surface is concordant with vertical uplift pipeline internal face;
The central angle corresponding to arc ring of each electrode is Electrode opening angle, span is [30 °, 85 °], the height of the arc ring of each electrode is electrode height, span is [2mm, 4mm], and exciting electrode E and the spacing between potential electrode M in every pair of electrode are electrode separation, span is [3mm, 6mm]; The optimal parameter of described four sector distributed electrical derivative sensors is: Electrode opening angle is 45 °, and electrode height is 4mm, and electrode separation is 4mm;
Electrode is made by titanium alloy, and vertical uplift pipeline is made by organic glass.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: (1) provides the two-phase flow measurement system based on a kind of four sector distributed electrical derivative sensors, provides the span of sensor construction parameter and the optimum structure of sensor; (2) two-phase flow measurement system of the present invention, can measure local flow information non-homogeneous, complex fluid; (3) by the distributed electrical derivative sensor four sector measuring-signals to adopted, carry out data fusion and can obtain good phase content measurement effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the four sector distributed electrical derivative sensor structural drawing that the present invention adopts, and (a) is stereographic map, (b), for there being the sectional view in the cross section of electrode, (c) is front elevation;
Fig. 2 is four sector distributed electrical derivative sensor finite element subdivision structural drawing of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is four sector distributed electrical derivative sensor total sensitivities of the present invention and sector Calculation of Sensitivity schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is four sector distributed electrical derivative sensor measuring system schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is that four sector distributed electrical derivative sensor vertical gas liquid two-phase phase contents of the present invention are measured domain.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, structure and the structure parameter optimizing method thereof of measuring system of the present invention and the four sector distributed electrical derivative sensors that adopt are illustrated.
As shown in Figure 1, four sector distributed electrical derivative sensors, comprise upward vertical tube road pipeline and are arranged on four couples of electrode E on upward vertical tube road pipeline
a, M
a, E
b, M
b, E
c, M
cand E
d, M
d, every pair of electrode includes an exciting electrode E(E who is arranged on pipeline upper end, upward vertical tube road
a, E
b, E
cor E
d) and a potential electrode M(M who is arranged on upward vertical tube road lower end of duct
a, M
b, M
cor M
d), each electrode in four pairs of electrodes comprises one section of arc ring, corresponding central angle is θ, and the curvature of each electrode is consistent with the curvature of upward vertical tube road pipeline, make electrode can smoothly embed the internal face of upward vertical tube road pipeline, four exciting electrode E are positioned on the sustained height of upward vertical tube road pipeline, and evenly spaced apart each other, be discontinuous circular, four measuring electrode M is positioned at upward vertical tube road pipeline, on sustained height lower than four exciting electrode E place height, and also evenly spaced apart each other, be discontinuous circular, wherein every pair of electrode be arranged in parallel up and down,
Each electrode also comprises one section of cylindrical conductor being connected on described arc ring, and for input and the output of signal, its length can be determined according to the thickness of vertical uplift pipeline, stretches out outside vertical uplift pipeline and can connect wire; The sensitive area of each electrode in vertical uplift pipeline be one fan-shaped, each electrode is T-shaped, by titanium alloy, is made.
Upward vertical tube road pipeline is made by organic glass, electrode is by epoxide resin AB glue bond, embed vertical uplift pipeline internal face, electrode surface is concordant with vertical uplift pipeline internal face, wherein the thickness of each electrode is 0.002m, the central angle corresponding to arc ring of each electrode is Electrode opening angle, span is [30 °, 85 °], the height of the arc ring of each electrode is electrode height, span is [2mm, 4mm], exciting electrode E and the spacing between potential electrode M in every pair of electrode are electrode separation, and span is [3mm, 6mm].
When four sector distributed electrical derivative sensors are optimized, first build four sector conductivity sensor mathematical optimization models.
The present invention adopts Finite Element Method, utilizes the ANSYS of simulation software to set up four sector conductivity sensor models, as shown in Figure 2.During modeling, set vertical uplift pipeline inside diameter D=0.02m, thickness of electrode T=0.002m, vertical uplift pipeline length L=0.2m, electrode height H, Electrode opening angle θ, exciting electrode and potential electrode space D, water resistivity δ
w=1000 Ω m, electrode resistance rate σ
s=1.7241e-8 Ω m.Adopt free partition patterns to carry out grid division, during imposed load, adopt constant current drive, at exciting electrode EA, E
b, E
c, E
don apply 0.1mA electric current, potential electrode M
a, M
b, M
c, M
don apply electric current-0.1mA, potential electrode magnitude of voltage is set to 0V.
The optimization aim of four sector conductivity sensors is: four pairs of electrodes have relatively high sensitivity in region separately, and between four pairs of electrodes, electric field perturbations is minimum simultaneously.The geometric parameter of electrode is distributed with material impact to sensor electrical field strength, for reaching the optimization aim of sensor, when utilizing ANSYS modeling, puts into the bead of a radius 1mm in model, the motion of simulated bubble/oil droplet.Bead is when diverse location, and the voltage of exciting electrode is also followed variation, the sensitivity of the voltage reflection conductivity sensor that therefore can change by exciting electrode.Because four pairs of electrodes have symmetry on geometry, therefore apply after current signal to four pairs of electrodes simultaneously, the response of the output voltage of only investigating pair of electrodes wherein by emulation to bead, only studies the sensitivity of pair of electrodes.Coordinate of the every conversion of bead, can calculate the Sensitirity va1ue at this coordinate.Coordinate traversal all positions, vertical uplift pipeline cross section by bead, obtain this sensitivity profile to electrode.
Definition S (i) is the sensitivity of bubble/oil droplet conductivity sensor when i position, and expression formula is:
Wherein, Δ U (i) is the voltage change of putting into spherical bubble/oil droplet front and back exciting electrode i position, [Δ U (i)]
maxit is the maximal value of voltage change after all test positions of traversal.
Average sensitivity S
avgmean value for each coordinate sensitivity, is defined as:
Vertical uplift pipeline radially each coordinate Sensitirity va1ue sum of each cross section is designated as total sensitivity S
tot, as Fig. 3 bend marked region, be defined as:
We are evenly divided into four sectors by vertical uplift pipeline radial section, and as black fill area in Fig. 3, sector measured zone, is designated as sector sensitivity S by each coordinate Sensitirity va1ue sum of the sector at electrode place
qr, be defined as:
Wherein j represents to enter the test bead Position Number of black fill area (being sector measured zone), M
qrfor test position number total in black fill area.
Sector sensitivity weight ε is the ratio of sector sensitivity and overall area sensitivity sum, and expression formula is:
Obviously, ε is larger for sector sensitivity weight, and the sensitivity in the shared region of electrode is relatively larger, and now electrode is relatively sensitiveer.Therefore, the combination of the structural parameters of the definite sector sensitivity weight ε maximum of emulation is the optimal parameter of electrode optimization.
The geometric parameter that affects sensitivity profile characteristic is: Electrode opening angle θ, electrode height H, exciting electrode and potential electrode space D.For searching out optimum optimization parameter, designed complete prioritization scheme, the optimization range of three factors is decided to be: Electrode opening angle θ ∈ [30 °, 85 °], electrode height H ∈ [2,4] mm, exciting electrode and potential electrode space D ∈ [3,6] mm.For ease of analyzing, fix a factor, electrode height H=2mm, changes Electrode opening angle θ and exciting electrode and potential electrode space D.After ANSYS modeling, give four pairs of electrodes imposed load simultaneously, in vertical uplift pipeline, form interactional electric field.Due to the symmetry on four pairs of geometric electrodes, we only import the potential electrode output voltage values of pair of electrodes wherein in Matlab, by Matlab interpolation, obtain this sensitivity profile to electrode.Repeat above-mentioned steps, be fixed the sensitive field characteristic of all parameter combinations under electrode height H=2mm condition.
Bubble/oil droplet is near electrode, and sensor has good response characteristic, can cause the significantly variation of output voltage.Bubble/oil droplet is away from electrode, and while arriving the scope of other three pairs of electrodes, transducer sensitivity is very low, and output voltage is almost unchanged.Electrode opening angle θ is little, and electrode sensitive area is little.Along with the increase of Electrode opening angle, electrode high-sensitivity measurement scope strengthens gradually.Along with the further increase of subtended angle, not only the scope in highly sensitive district increases, and the factor of merit of the low sensitive area at other three pairs of electrode places also slightly increases, though integral body still shows as muting sensitivity, factor of merit has larger fluctuation.When θ=85 °, because four pairs of electrodes are extremely drawn close, electric field is crosstalked seriously.
Extract the sensitivity S (x, y) of each coordinate in sensitivity three-dimensional distribution map, and bring above-mentioned formula into and calculate respectively sector sensitivity S
qrwith total sensitivity S
tot, finally calculating sector sensitivity weight ε, result is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
Can find out, in the situation of identical electrodes subtended angle, during electrode separation D=3mm, sensitivity weight ε exceeds the weighted value under other spacing.During electrode separation D=3mm, subtended angle is in θ=40 °, and weight ε reaches maximal value, and along with subtended angle increases, weight reduces, and crosstalking between this subtended angle scope electric field is very little.When subtended angle is during in θ=65 °, crosstalking between four pairs of Electrode Field is a very important factor, and weight slightly increases.So, should integrated survey sector sensitivity weight ε and these two indexs of sector sensitivity mean value optimize sensor construction parameter.Change electrode height H=3mm, after 4mm, repeat simulation calculation, can obtain the subregion sensitivity weight table of two groups.Investigate the sensitivity weight of above-mentioned all sizes, find under some size, electrode place sector sensitivity mean value is very high, but overall sensitivity mean value is also higher, sensitivity weight is lower, and this represents that interelectrode phase mutual interference is larger, and this class combination is got rid of.Comprehensively according to sector sensitivity weight ε and these two indexs of sector sensitivity mean value, select sensor construction parameter.In addition consider the demand of accuracy of electrode processing, choose optimal parameter and be combined as electrode axial width H=4mm; Electrode radian θ=45 °; Electrode separation D=4mm.
So far, obtain the optimum structure of four sector conductivity sensors: Electrode opening angle θ=45 °, electrode height H=4mm, exciting electrode and potential electrode space D=4mm.
On the basis of above-mentioned work, as shown in Figure 4, the measuring system of four sector distributed electrical derivative sensors, comprise data acquisition system (DAS), four sector distributed electrical derivative sensors, forcing function generator (20k signal source), reference resistance, differential amplification and signal conditioning circuit, host computer, wherein said data acquisition system (DAS) is selected the PXI4472 of NI company, select eight data acquisition channel Ch0-Ch7 of PXI4472, and in conjunction with Labview, realize the Real-time Collection of sensor response signal, storage and analytical calculation, four exciting electrode E are communicated with forcing function generator by reference to resistance, four measuring electrode M ground connection, forcing function generator produces the sinusoidal ac signal of frequency 20kHz, signal is after fluid-mixing in reference resistance and vertical uplift pipeline, carried fluid flowing information in vertical uplift pipeline, with reference to resistive voltage V
refwith voltage V on sensor
senafter differential amplification and signal conditioning circuit, simulating signal is transported to described data collector, sample and become digital signal, on host computer, show and storage.
The two-phase flow of four sector distributed electrical derivative sensors is containing rate experiments of measuring verification method, its process is: experiment selects fluid media (medium) for water and air from the beginning, select industrial peristaltic pump and air pump to carry out respectively the conveying of water and gas phase, the described rate that contains is measured verification experimental verification method for fixing one group of gas phase flow velocity, aqueous phase flow rate rises to 0.55m/s from 0.05m/s gradually, each group water flow velocity is measured one group of data, Water In The Experiment phase flow velocity and gas phase flow rates are respectively 0.05～0.55m/s and 0.15～1.08m/s, in experimentation, set the flow of water and gas phase and pass in vertical uplift pipeline simultaneously, after the flow state of two-phase flow is stablized, four sector distributed electrical derivative sensor signals are gathered, obtain phase content measurement domain method as follows:
The normalized conductance rate G of definition fluid-mixing
efor mixing the conductivity δ of phase
mwith full electrical conductivity of water δ
wratio, expression formula is:
wherein, δ
mand δ
wconductivity while being respectively the conductivity of fluid-mixing and pure water, V
refand V
mrespectively the measuring voltage at reference resistance two ends measuring voltage and sensor two ends,
with
reference resistance two ends measuring voltage and sensor measurement voltage while being pure water respectively, four sector conductivity sensor normalized conductances
the mean value that is defined as four electrode normalized conductances, is defined as:
Wherein
respectively four electrode normalized conductance values, as shown in Figure 5, normalized conductance with containing rate, there is good linear relationship and curve has good ladder, can obtain water phase content metrical information by domain.
Claims (5)
1. the two-phase flow measurement system based on distributed electrical derivative sensor, described measuring system comprises data collector, four sector distributed electrical derivative sensors, forcing function generator, reference resistance, differential amplification and signal conditioning circuit, host computer, wherein,
Described sensor comprises one section of vertical uplift pipeline of being made by insulator and is fixed on four pairs of electrodes on vertical uplift pipeline, the every pair of electrode includes one and is fixed on vertical uplift pipeline and is fixed on compared with the exciting electrode E of upper part and one the potential electrode M that vertical uplift pipeline descends position, each electrode in four pairs of electrodes comprises one section of arc ring, and the curvature of each electrode is consistent with the curvature of vertical uplift pipeline, make electrode can smoothly embed the internal face of vertical uplift pipeline, four exciting electrode E are positioned on the sustained height of vertical uplift pipeline, and evenly spaced apart each other, be discontinuous circular, four measuring electrode M is positioned at vertical uplift pipeline, on sustained height lower than four exciting electrode E place height, and also evenly spaced apart each other, be discontinuous circular, wherein every pair of electrode be arranged in parallel up and down, each electrode also comprises one section of cylindrical conductor being connected on described arc ring, stretches out in outside vertical uplift pipeline, for input and the output of signal, the sensitive area of each electrode in vertical uplift pipeline be one fan-shaped.
Described data collector comprises eight data acquisition channels, four exciting electrode E are communicated with forcing function generator by reference to resistance, four measuring electrode M ground connection, forcing function generator produces sinusoidal ac signal, signal is after fluid-mixing in reference resistance and pipeline, carried fluid flowing information in pipeline, with reference to resistive voltage V
refwith voltage V on sensor
senafter differential amplification and signal conditioning circuit, simulating signal is transported to described data collector, sample and become digital signal, and send into host computer, by host computer, to flowing through the fluid of vertical uplift pipeline from bottom to top, carry out analysis and calculation.
2. the two-phase flow measurement system based on distributed electrical derivative sensor according to claim 1, is characterized in that, each electrode embeds vertical uplift pipeline internal face, and electrode surface is concordant with vertical uplift pipeline internal face.
3. the two-phase flow measurement system based on distributed electrical derivative sensor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the central angle corresponding to arc ring of each electrode is Electrode opening angle, and span is [30 °, 85 °], the height of the arc ring of each electrode is electrode height, span is [2mm, 4mm], and exciting electrode E and the spacing between potential electrode M in every pair of electrode are electrode separation, span is [3mm, 6mm].
4. system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the optimal parameter of described four sector distributed electrical derivative sensors is, Electrode opening angle is 45 °, and electrode height is 4mm, and electrode separation is 4mm.
5. system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, electrode is made by titanium alloy, and vertical uplift pipeline is made by organic glass.
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| CN104049000A (en) * | 2014-05-27 | 2014-09-17 | 天津大学 | Gas-liquid phase content measurement method based on modal migration complex network and verification method thereof |
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| CN105756676A (en) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-07-13 | 天津大学 | Method for measuring gas holdup of oil-gas-water three-phase flow by transmission-type ultrasonic sensor |
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| CN106650929B (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2019-02-26 | 天津大学 | Deep learning model based on recurrence plot and the application in the measurement of grease phase content |
| CN106709157A (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2017-05-24 | 天津大学 | Deep brain stimulating electrode array structure based on finite element analysis |
| CN107290251A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-10-24 | 天津大学 | A kind of two phase flow layering interfaces geometric shape measuring method |
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