Measure the apparatus and method of the static pressure of pressure duct high speed fluid
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measurement of stable state static pressure of pressure duct high speed fluid, also relate to the measurement of stable state static pressure of the pressure duct high speed fluid of tube diameter variable.
Background technology
The wing of aircraft has icing phenomenon, thereby has affected the safe flight of aircraft.In order to eliminate freezing on wing, a set of anti-icing equipment need to be set.On aircraft industry, aircraft often adopts pressure duct to be used for hot air anti-icing air feed at present.Along with the variation of environmental baseline and operating mode, need to the flow of the fluid in pressure duct be controlled and be adjusted, normally by obtaining the static pressure of the fluid in pressure duct, carry out the aperture of the anti-icing valve of feedback regulation.
In order to obtain the static pressure of high-velocity fluid in pipe, common way is on tube wall, to open a single hole, directly a pressure guiding pipe is connected to single hole, thereby the fluid at this single hole position in pipeline is carried out to static pressure measurement.The method is because type of attachment is simple and the little static pressure measurement that is widely used in true aircraft pipeline static pressure measurement and model test part that takes up room.
For example, but because the high-velocity fluid in pipe is generally Turbulence Flow, have wall effect, at place, local measurement point position,, there is eddy current in single hole position, cannot avoid the impact of dynamic pressure on static pressure measurement.And due to the impact of pipeline setting angle and fluid gravity, adopt tube wall single hole to measure may to exist measured value unstable and can not reflect the true static pressure of high-velocity fluid and the larger situation of error.The setting that is single hole position also can affect the data of static pressure measurement.Therefore need to design a kind of means of testing that can avoid static pressure measurement fluctuation as far as possible, improve measuring accuracy.
And because the pipeline caliber by pressure measurement is changeable, for example anti-icing bourdon's tube can also need to provide a kind of for measuring the structural form in the static pressure chamber of tube diameter variable pipeline along wing exhibition to continuous reducing, facilitates a set of equipment on pipeline, to carry out repeatedly static pressure measurement.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention can access the numerical value that more can reflect the true static pressure of high-velocity fluid while being the static pressure of the high-velocity fluid in measuring channel.
The explanation of technical term: it is static pressure that high-velocity fluid is not subject at it pressure recording in flow rate effect direction is completely total head at its pressure that place of being obstructed (flow velocity is zero) records completely.The difference of total head and static pressure is dynamic pressure.
According to definition, measure static pressure and need to get rid of the impact that flow velocity causes completely, during the interior sheaf of ideal stream mode of pipe, there is no turbulent phenomenon, what the pressure guiding pipe pressure measurement of drawing perpendicular to conduit axis from tube wall obtained is exactly static pressure.But if disturbed flow condition has the speed component perpendicular to tubular axis line unavoidably, therefore the static pressure of surveying has small dynamic pressure addition interference.If get a plurality of points along tube wall, draw pressure, in chamber after equilibrium, then change pressure tappings direction one time, from being transformed into and being parallel to tubular axis line impulse perpendicular to tubular axis line impulse, can eliminate to greatest extent the impact of dynamic pressure on static pressure measurement.
For this reason, according to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of static pressure measurement device of measuring pressure duct high speed hydrostatic pressure is provided, described static pressure measurement device comprises housing, in the connection end of housing both sides, be connected in the pressure guiding pipe of housing and the static pressure chamber of the sealing that limited by housing, described static pressure chamber and described pressure guiding pipe fluid are communicated with, on the tube wall of the tested pipeline section of described pipeline, at least one pressure port are set.Described casing structure becomes described pipeline can extend through described connection end and static pressure chamber, make described static pressure chamber by described connection end, be anchored on described tested pipeline section and can removably be fixed on the tube wall of described pipeline section Fluid Sealing, and the pressure port on described pipeline section aligns with described static pressure chamber, thereby fluid in described pipeline section fluid between the static pressure chamber of the pressure port of pipeline section, described housing and pressure guiding pipe is communicated with.Also comprise pressure-measuring device, described pressure-measuring device is communicated with described pressure guiding pipe fluid.
On the basis of above-mentioned static pressure measurement device, described pressure port is included in take the axis of described pipeline as the center of circle, open along circumferential equal angles a plurality of pressure ports of getting on a cross section of described tested pipeline section.
On the basis of above-mentioned static pressure measurement device, 1/20 to 1/40 of the diameter that the diameter of described pressure port is pipeline section.
On the basis of above-mentioned static pressure measurement device, described housing is also included in the tracting pressuring hole on its sidewall, and described tracting pressuring hole is communicated with described static pressure chamber fluid; Described pressure guiding pipe is connected in described housing by described tracting pressuring hole, makes described pressure guiding pipe be communicated with and be parallel to extending axially of pipeline section with static pressure chamber fluid.
On the basis of above-mentioned static pressure measurement device, described static pressure chamber is arranged to extend axially coaxially with described pipeline section, and along the xsect radial expansion of described pipeline section.
On the basis of above-mentioned static pressure measurement device, described connection end comprises the flange axially extending outwardly from the both sides of described housing, and described flange can be fastened on the tube wall of described tested pipeline section Fluid Sealing.
On the basis of above-mentioned static pressure measurement device, the described sidewall being connected with described flange of described flange and described housing consists of resilient material, and described flange can be flexibly socketed on the tube wall of described pipeline section.
On the basis of above-mentioned static pressure measurement device, the material of the part being connected with a described part described flange a part for described flange and described sidewall is different from another part of described flange and the material of another part being connected with described another part described flange described sidewall, and the elasticity of the material of a described part is higher than the elasticity of the material of described another part.
On the basis of above-mentioned static pressure measurement device, also comprise a cassette tape, described flange is fastened on described tested pipeline section by described cassette tape.
On the basis of above-mentioned static pressure measurement device, the material of the remainder except the part consisting of resilient material of described housing is identical with the material of described pipeline section.
On the basis of above-mentioned static pressure measurement device, described pressure port is configured so that fluid in pipeline section flows into described static pressure chamber perpendicular to the axis of pipeline section.
According to another aspect of the present invention, also provide a kind of static pressure measurement method of measuring pressure duct high speed hydrostatic pressure, described static pressure measurement method comprises the steps:
(1) on the tube wall of the tested pipeline section of described pipeline, offer at least one pressure port;
(2) housing of static pressure measurement device is set on described tested pipeline section, connection end by described housing both sides is removably fixed on described tube wall described static pressure measurement device, making static pressure chamber Fluid Sealing in described housing is fixed on described tube wall, simultaneously, make described pressure port and described static pressure chamber radially aligned, to keep described pressure port to be communicated with described static pressure chamber fluid;
(3) fluid in described pipeline section flows to described static pressure chamber from pressure port, then flows to from described static pressure chamber the pressure guiding pipe that is connected in described housing;
(4), after treating the parameter stability of the fluid in described pressure guiding pipe, measure the static pressure of the fluid in described pressure guiding pipe.
On the basis of above-mentioned static pressure measurement method, in described step (1), on a cross section of tested pipeline section, take pipeline axis as the center of circle, get a plurality of described pressure ports, 1/20 to 1/40 of the diameter that the diameter of described pressure port is described pipeline section along circumferential equal angular opening.
On the basis of above-mentioned static pressure measurement method, in described step (3), the fluid in described pipeline section flows to described static pressure chamber with radial direction through described pressure port.
On the basis of above-mentioned static pressure measurement method, in described step (3), the fluid that makes to be connected in the described pressure guiding pipe of described housing flows along the axial direction that is parallel to described pipeline section.
On the basis of above-mentioned static pressure measurement method, in described step (2), described connection end comprises the flange axially extending outwardly from the both sides of described housing, makes described flange seal and is fastened on the tube wall of pipeline section.
On the basis of above-mentioned static pressure measurement method, in described step (4) afterwards, on described pipeline 1, move described static pressure measurement device, and moved on another pipeline section with the diameter identical or different with described pipeline section, then repeating step (1)-(4).
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the stereographic map that the pipeline of static pressure measurement device of the present invention is installed;
Fig. 2 is the stereographic map of other direction that the pipeline of static pressure measurement device of the present invention is installed, and wherein shows the measured hole in pipeline;
Fig. 3 is the partial perspective view that the pipeline of static pressure measurement device of the present invention is installed, and wherein shows the static pressure chamber in measurement mechanism;
Fig. 4 is the cross-sectional perspective view of measurement mechanism of the present invention, wherein shows static pressure chamber in measurement mechanism and the position of fluid pressure guiding pipe;
Fig. 5 is the cut-open view that the pipeline of static pressure measurement device of the present invention is installed; Wherein show pressure port hole on the tube wall of tested pipeline section and static pressure chamber and the pressure guiding pipe of measurement mechanism;
Fig. 6 is the stereographic map corresponding to Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 is the stereographic map for a direction of the static pressure measurement device of the pipeline of tube diameter variable:
Fig. 8 is the stereographic map for another direction of the static pressure measurement device of the pipeline of tube diameter variable: and
Fig. 9 is the stereographic map corresponding to the static pressure measurement device of Fig. 8, wherein shows in detail the flange that connects end and is comprised of two parts of different materials, and the sidewall that forms the housing in static pressure chamber is also comprised of two parts of different materials.
Embodiment
As shown in Fig. 1,2 and 5, the high-pressure fluid pressure duct 1 of flowing through is installed a static pressure measurement device 2 on the tube wall of the tested pipeline section 10 of pipeline 1.Static pressure measurement device 2 comprise housing 20, pressure guiding pipe 21, two connect end 22 and 23 and the static pressure chamber 24 that limited by housing 20.Static pressure measurement device 2 connects end 22 and 23 by two and is removably fixed on the tube wall of pipeline section 10, makes static pressure chamber 24 Fluid Sealings and is arranged on the tube wall of pipeline section 10.
As shown in Figure 3, on pipeline 1, selected tested pipeline section 10 be take pipeline axis as the center of circle on a cross section of tested pipeline section 10, along circumferentially equal angular, opens some pressure ports 11 that cut-off footpath is pipeline diameter 1/20 to 1/40 size.In the embodiment shown in fig. 3, on tube wall, there are 8 pressure ports 11.According to actual needs, can also select pressure port 11 more or mistake small number.Pressure port 11 also can circumferential non-equal angles distribute, or circumferentially distributes in the difference of different cross section.Therefore, the distributed architecture of pressure port 11 embodiment illustrated in fig. 3 is not distributed architecture unique in the present invention, meets other diverse locations of pressure port 11 of inventive principle of the present invention and the distribution of quantity at the present invention's row yet.
Preferably, the impact for fear of the speed of the axia flow of fluid on static pressure measurement, pressure port 11 is configured so that fluid in pipeline section 10 is perpendicular to the axis of pipeline section 10, fluid flow direction, flows into static pressure chamber 24.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 5, the housing 20 of static pressure measurement device 2 is also included in the tracting pressuring hole 25 being communicated with static pressure chamber that limited by housing 20 24 fluids on its sidewall 202.Pressure guiding pipe 21 is connected in housing 20 by tracting pressuring hole 25, makes pressure guiding pipe 21 fluids be connected in communicatively static pressure chamber 24.Preferably, pressure guiding pipe 21 is parallel to the Axis Extension of pipeline 10, makes the flow direction of the fluid in pressure guiding pipe 21 parallel with the flow direction of fluid in pipeline 10.
As described in Figure 9, the connection end 22 at static pressure measurement device 2 two ends and an embodiment of 23 are two side 201 and the 202 axial outwardly directed flanges from housing 20.Pipeline section 10 is through the static pressure chamber 24 of measurement mechanism 2, measurement mechanism 2 two is connected end 22 and 23 Fluid Sealings and is arranged on the tube wall of pipeline section 10 by it, pressure port 11 on pipeline section 10, static pressure chamber 24 and pressure guiding pipe 21 fluids of measurement mechanism 2 are communicated with, and the other end of pressure guiding pipe 21 is connected in pressure-measuring device (not shown).
Cassette tape 26 grades by as shown in Figure 9 on the pipeline 1 that comprises tested pipeline section 10 regions are connected with the static pressure chamber 24 of the sealing of static pressure measurement device 2 hermetically with knockdown approach (referring to following description), the tracting pressuring hole 25 on a sidewall of the housing 20 in this static pressure chamber 24 is connected with pressure guiding pipe 21 one end by pipe adapter or Type of Welding.
The pressure duct for hot air anti-icing air feed adopting on aircraft also comprises the pipeline that caliber is changeable, and for example anti-icing bourdon's tube can be along wing exhibition to continuous reducing.This has proposed other requirement to static pressure measurement device.As shown in Fig. 7 and 9, the embodiment shown in figure can be used for the measurement of the hydrostatic pressure in the pipeline of tube diameter variable.
Particularly, method of testing is mainly reflected in the mode that static pressure chamber 24 is connected with pipeline 1.Static pressure chamber 24 is connected in to two of pipeline 1 flange that connect end 22 and 23, is that flange adopts the similar high ductility materials such as silicon rubber generally, an embodiment of this flange forms as shown in Figure 9, a part for flange 22, especially the region of the fan-shaped section 22a extending along the whole axial length of flange is the more resilient material of remainder 22b than flange 22, has stronger scalable performance.Equally, for the sidewall 201 being connected with flange 22 of housing 20, selected material is identical with flange 22 generally, preferably, a part for close flange 22 wherein, especially the material of the fan-shaped section 201a connected with the fan-shaped section 22a of flange 22 is identical with the fan-shaped section 22a of flange 22, and the material of remainder 201b connected with the remainder 22b of flange 22 is identical with the remainder 22b of flange 22.The part that the fan-shaped section 201a of sidewall 201 makes progress in the footpath of sidewall 201 is extended.According to the concrete property of detected fluid, the material of flange 22 and sidewall 201 also needs to have the performances such as certain high temperature resistant, corrosion.When static pressure measurement device 2 is installed, need first this flange 22 to be enclosed within on test pipeline 1, then along pipeline, move to the position of pressure measurement pipeline section 10, the position in the position of the pressure port 11 on pipeline section 10 and the static pressure chamber 24 of measurement mechanism 2 is radially aimed at, finally by the forms such as metal cassette tape 26 by flange 22 Fluid Sealings be fixed on the tube wall of pipeline 10, this static pressure chamber 24 is fixed on and measures on pipeline section 10.Two another structures of 23 that connect in end of static pressure measurement device 2 can be identical or basic identical with flange 22.Equally, another 202 the structure in two of housing 20 sidewalls can be identical or basic identical with sidewall 201.At this, omit description of them.
The material of remainder and the material of pipeline 1 of the housing 20 in formation static pressure chamber 24 are same or similar, conventionally adopt stainless steel.As mentioned above, housing 20 is connected in to the similar high ductility materials such as material employing silicon rubber of the flange 22 of pipeline 1.While not considering the restriction of fluid corrosiveness, pressure guiding pipe 21 materials adopt copper (for high temperature fluid) or plastics (for normal temperature fluid) conventionally.
Connection end 22 described above and 23 embodiment are not unique embodiment of the present invention.Connecting end 22 and 23 can also other structural forms implement.For example, in the hole inner edge that the pipeline section 10 of the both sides of housing 20 passes, flexible sealing component is set regularly or removably, such as elasticity pressure-resistant seal ring, when static pressure measurement device 2 is arranged on pipeline section 10, make this elasticity pressure-resistant seal ring between housing 20 and the tube wall of pipeline section 10, to keep housing 20 Fluid Sealings, be engaged on pipeline section 10.
Below by a preferred embodiment, describe static pressure measurement device 2 is installed to the installation process on pipeline 1.Choose suitable static pressure measurement pipeline section 10, as without specific (special) requirements, before and after being selected in, all have the region of longer straight length as far as possible.The axis of pipeline 1 of take on a cross section of tested pipeline section 10 is the center of circle, along circumferentially equal angular, opens some pressure ports 11 that cut-off footpath is pipeline diameter 1/20 to 1/40 size, and this embodiment is 8 pressure ports 11.According to the structure in the static pressure chamber 24 of the requirement design static pressure measurement devices 1 such as installing space restriction, preferably, static pressure chamber 24 is coaxial with pipeline 1.By pipe joint or be welded and fixed on housing 20 and be communicated with static pressure chamber 24 fluids, make the bearing of trend of pressure guiding pipe 21 identical with the bearing of trend of pipeline 1 pressure guiding pipe 21.The flange of static pressure measurement device 2 22 and 23 is enclosed within on test pipeline 1, then along pipeline 1, moves to pressure measurement pipeline section 10, the pressure port 11 of pipeline section 10 and static pressure chamber 24 fluids of static pressure measurement device 2 are communicated with.By the clip of metal cassette tape 26, make flange 22 pipeline 1 relative to 23 fixing hermetically.When flange 22 and 23 sealings at pipeline section 10 and withstand voltage when enough, also can not use metal cassette tape 26.
Metering system is described below.After static pressure measurement device 2 is installed on pipeline section 10 as shown in Figure 1, treat that the fluid in pipeline section 10 flows into static pressure chamber 24 and pressure guiding pipe 21, after flow parameter is basicly stable, by the pressure-measuring device (conventional equipment) being connected with pressure guiding pipe 21, obtain the static pressure of the fluid in pipeline.
Above-mentioned exemplary embodiment shows an embodiment in the technical scheme that solves the technical problem to be solved in the present invention.Under the example of this embodiment, other equivalence and similar means that meet the principle of the invention all belong in the scope of protection of the invention.Inventive principle of the present invention is, the original static pressure measurement that directly carries out from pressure port is introduced the fluid in pipeline pressure guiding pipe is changed into and will take from the fluid introducing static pressure chamber of tracting pressuring hole, again the fluid in static pressure chamber is introduced to pressure guiding pipe, to reduce the impact of fluid turbulence on static pressure measurement.