CN103757415A - Leaching method of nickel cobalt lithium manganate waste battery positive-negative electrode mixed material - Google Patents

Leaching method of nickel cobalt lithium manganate waste battery positive-negative electrode mixed material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103757415A
CN103757415A CN201310736634.9A CN201310736634A CN103757415A CN 103757415 A CN103757415 A CN 103757415A CN 201310736634 A CN201310736634 A CN 201310736634A CN 103757415 A CN103757415 A CN 103757415A
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leaching
anode
nitric acid
mixed materials
battery
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龙炳清
舒曼
曾伟
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Sichuan Normal University
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Sichuan Normal University
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

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  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a leaching method of a nickel cobalt lithium manganate waste battery positive-negative electrode mixed material, which comprises the following steps: putting a positive-negative electrode mixed material subjected to roasting pretreatment separated from nickel cobalt lithium manganate waste batteries into a pressure-resistant nitric-acid-corrosion-resistant container, pumping nitric acid into the container, sealing the container, and leaching the nickel cobalt lithium manganate waste battery positive-negative electrode mixed material.

Description

The leaching method of anode and cathode mixed materials of waste LiCoxNiyMnzO 2 battery
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of leaching method of anode and cathode mixed materials of waste LiCoxNiyMnzO 2 battery.
Background technology
Nickle cobalt lithium manganate battery (the major metal element that positive electrode material contains is the battery of nickel, cobalt, manganese, lithium) is a class novel battery, and this battery will produce a large amount of refuse batteries after using and scrapping.Because this class battery contains plurality of heavy metal, if abandon into environment, will environment be produced to very large direct and potential hazard.Nickle cobalt lithium manganate battery plus-negative plate mixing material is nickeliferous, cobalt, lithium, copper, aluminium and manganese mainly, and wherein the total content of nickel, cobalt and lithium is up to more than 50%, has very much a recovery value.The technique that reclaims at present cobalt, lithium and copper from anode and cathode mixed materials of waste LiCoxNiyMnzO 2 battery mainly contains thermal process and wet processing.The product that thermal process obtains is alloy material, nickel, cobalt and lithium that very difficult acquisition is purer.Wet processing becomes more readily available purer nickel, cobalt and lithium.Leaching is a requisite process in wet processing.The leaching method of anode and cathode mixed materials of waste LiCoxNiyMnzO 2 battery mainly contains hydrochloric acid leaching process, sulfuric acid leaching, nitric acid lixiviation process and nitration mixture (sulfuric acid adds nitric acid) lixiviation process at present.Hydrochloric acid leaching process, equipment corrosion is large, the large and contaminate environment of acid mist generation.The oxygenant (as hydrogen peroxide etc.) that sulfuric acid leaching consumption is more expensive.The nitric acid consumption of nitric acid lixiviation process is large, and can produce a large amount of oxynitride, contaminate environment.All wet processings all exist and eliminate how cost-effectively the package action of organic polymer to metal and metal oxide in this type of raw material, improve the problem of metal leaching rate.Although nitric acid processing industry pure oxygen lixiviation process and nitration mixture processing industry pure oxygen lixiviation process have solved the problems referred to above preferably, but leaching plant is more complicated, and the required industrial pure oxygen amount of refuse battery leaching is little, refuse battery is processed enterprise, and manufacture pure oxygen is personal uneconomical on the spot, and the storage of industrial pure oxygen, transportation and use are cumbersome.Development equipment corrosion is little, leaching yield is high, cost is low, the leaching method of the anode and cathode mixed materials of waste LiCoxNiyMnzO 2 battery of easy to use, basic non-environmental-pollution has larger practical value.
Summary of the invention
The problem leaching for current anode and cathode mixed materials of waste LiCoxNiyMnzO 2 battery, the object of the invention is to find a kind of nitric acid consumption low, the leaching method of the anode and cathode mixed materials of waste LiCoxNiyMnzO 2 battery that basic nitrogenfree oxide pollutes, it is characterized in that from waste LiCoxNiyMnzO 2 battery, (comprising by elementary anode and cathode mixed materials artificial or that mechanical separation goes out by isolated anode and cathode mixed materials, the positive pole powder material that elementary anode and cathode mixed materials obtains through broken and ball milling or rod milling, the purer anode and cathode mixed materials that elementary anode and cathode mixed materials or positive and negative electrode mixed powder material obtain through pre-treatment such as roastings) and levigate pyrolusite put into the container of withstand voltage and resistance to nitric acid corrosion, and nitric acid is pumped into this container, then sealed vessel, carry out the leaching of anode and cathode mixed materials of waste LiCoxNiyMnzO 2 battery, after finishing, leaching carries out liquid-solid separation, obtain required infusion solution.Extraction temperature is 40 ℃～80 ℃, and the nitric acid starting point concentration of leaching is 1mol/L～6mol/L, and extraction time is 1h～4h, and leaching process stirs, stirring velocity 30r/min～120r/min.Nitric acid add-on is to add 101～130% of nitric acid theoretical consumption that in the anode and cathode mixed materials of reaction vessel and pyrolusite, all metals leach.The MnO of pyrolusite used 2content>=40%, particle diameter≤180 order.The add-on of pyrolusite is with MnO 2count in oxidation anode and cathode mixed materials all 100%～110% of the required theoretical amount of metallic state metal.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: under condition airtight and that pyrolusite exists, nitric acid leaches anode and cathode mixed materials of waste LiCoxNiyMnzO 2 battery, and (part of nickel in material is metal form, part of nickel and cobalt, lithium and manganese can be thought and is oxide form, copper and aluminium are mainly metal form) time, there is following chemical reaction in the process that metallic nickel generates nickelous nitrate:
Ni + 4HNO 3 = Ni(NO 3) 2 + 2NO 2 + 2H 2O
3Ni + 8HNO 3 = 3Ni(NO 3) 2 + 2NO + 4H 2O
NO + MnO 2 +2HNO 3 = NO 2 + Mn(NO 3) 2 +H 2O
3NO 2 + H 2O = 2HNO 3 + NO
2NO + 3MnO 2 + 4HNO 3 = 3Mn(NO 3) 2 + 2H 2O
2NO 2 + MnO 2 = Mn(NO 3) 2
Total reaction is:
Ni + 4HNO 3 + MnO 2 = Ni(NO 3) 2 + Mn(NO 3) 2 + 2H 2O
Metallic copper generates cupric nitrate following chemical reaction occurs:
Cu + 4HNO 3 = Cu(NO 3) 2 + 2NO 2 + 2H 2O
3Cu + 8HNO 3 = 3Cu(NO 3) 2 + 2NO + 4H 2O
3NO 2 + H 2O = 2HNO 3 + NO
2NO + 3MnO 2 + 4HNO 3 = 3Mn(NO 3) 2 + 2H 2O
2NO 2 + MnO 2 = Mn(NO 3) 2
Total reaction is:
Cu + 4HNO 3 + MnO 2 = Cu(NO 3) 2 + Mn(NO 3) 2 + 2H 2O
There is following chemical reaction in metallic aluminium:
Al + 6HNO 3 = Al(NO 3) 3 + 3NO 2 + 3H 2O
Al + 4HNO 3 = Al(NO 3) 3 + NO + 2H 2O
3NO 2 + H 2O = 2HNO 3 + NO
2NO + 3MnO 2 + 4HNO 3 = 3Mn(NO 3) 2 + 2H 2O
2NO 2 + MnO 2 = Mn(NO 3) 2
Total reaction is:
2Al + 12HNO 3 + 3MnO 2 = 2Al(NO 3) 3 + 3Mn(NO 3) 2 + 6H 2O
NiO, Li 2there is respectively following chemical reaction in O, CoO and MnO:
NiO + 2HNO 3 = Ni(NO 3) 2 + H 2O
Li 2O + 2HNO 3 = 2LiNO 3 + H 2O
CoO + 2HNO 3 = Co(NO 3) 2 + H 2O
MnO + 2HNO 3 = Mn(NO 3) 2 + H 2O
Ni 2o 3, Co 2o 3, Mn 2o 3there is respectively following chemical reaction:
3Ni 2O 3 + 2NO + 10HNO 3 = 6Ni(NO 3) 2 + 5H 2O
3Co 2O 3 + 2NO + 10HNO 3 = 6Co(NO 3) 2 + 5H 2O
3Mn 2O 3 + 10HNO 3 + 2NO = 6Mn(NO 3) 2 + 5H 2O
Utilize NO 2strong corrosion effect to organic polymer, eliminates the package action of organic polymer to metal and metal oxide in anode and cathode mixed materials of waste LiCoxNiyMnzO 2 battery, can fully react with nitric acid, has improved metal leaching rate.
Through above-mentioned series reaction, finally make anode and cathode mixed materials of waste LiCoxNiyMnzO 2 battery and pyrolusite leach simultaneously, saved pyrolusite and leached and need reducing roasting (reduction ratio is about 85%, unreduced MnO 2in nitric acid, can not leach) etc. preprocessing process, improved the utilization ratio of metal leaching rate and nitric acid, substantially avoided the generation of nitrogen oxides pollution thing, realized cleaning of technique.NO and NO that leaching process produces 2substantially regeneration nitric acid in slurry, the NO overflowing on a small quantity and NO 2by stirring, return to regeneration nitric acid in slurry, whole leaching process carries out under pressure-fired, is easy to engineering application.
With respect to existing method, outstanding advantages of the present invention is that anode and cathode mixed materials of waste LiCoxNiyMnzO 2 battery and pyrolusite leach simultaneously, can improve the utilization ratio of metal leaching rate and nitric acid, does not need to use in addition oxygenant; Equipment is simple, is easy to engineering application; Substantially avoid the generation of pollutent oxynitride, thereby do not needed the Pollution abatement of oxynitride, saved pollution abatement costs, there is obvious economic benefit and environmental benefit.
specific implementation method
embodiment 1: by 100g anode and cathode mixed materials of waste LiCoxNiyMnzO 2 battery (nickeliferous 14.5%, cobalt 20.3%, lithium 17.5%, aluminium 2.2%, copper 2.5%, manganese 12.9%) and levigate pyrolusite (particle diameter 200 orders, MnO 2content 55%, add-on be theoretical amount 105%) to add volume be in the stainless steel pressure reactor of 2L, the nitric acid 1900ml that adds 5.0mol/L, at 40 ℃～50 ℃, stirring (stirring velocity 80r/min) leaches 2.5 hours, after leaching finishes, carry out liquid-solid separation, obtain 1750ml infusion solution (not containing leached mud washing water).The about 250ml of reaction end gas, nitrous oxides concentration is 5.7mg/m 3.The leaching yield of nickel, cobalt, lithium, copper, aluminium and manganese be respectively 99.5%, 99.1%, 99.7%, 98.4%, 98.7% and 98.3%(by entering nickel in infusion solution and leached mud washings, cobalt, lithium, copper, aluminium and manganese, calculate).
Embodiment 2: by 500g anode and cathode mixed materials of waste LiCoxNiyMnzO 2 battery (nickeliferous 14.5%, cobalt 20.3%, lithium 17.5%, aluminium 2.2%, copper 2.5%, manganese 12.9%) and levigate pyrolusite (particle diameter 180 orders, MnO 2content 45%, add-on be theoretical amount 103%) to add volume be in the stainless steel pressure reactor of 10L, the nitric acid 9.8L that adds 4.5mol/L, at 50 ℃～60 ℃, stirring (stirring velocity 70r/min) leaches 2 hours, after leaching finishes, carry out liquid-solid separation, obtain 9.5L infusion solution (not containing leached mud washing water), the about 0.5L nitrous oxides concentration of reaction end gas is 6.1 mg/m 3.Nickel, cobalt, lithium, copper, aluminium and manganese 99.2%, 99.1%, 99.5%, 97.8%, 99.2% and 99.0%(calculate by the nickel, cobalt, lithium, copper, aluminium and the manganese that enter in infusion solution and leached mud washings).

Claims (1)

1. the leaching method of an anode and cathode mixed materials of waste LiCoxNiyMnzO 2 battery, it is characterized in that isolated anode and cathode mixed materials from waste LiCoxNiyMnzO 2 battery and levigate pyrolusite to put into the container of withstand voltage and resistance to nitric acid corrosion, and nitric acid is pumped into this container, then sealed vessel, carry out the leaching of anode and cathode mixed materials of waste LiCoxNiyMnzO 2 battery, after finishing, leaching carries out liquid-solid separation, obtain required infusion solution, extraction temperature is 40 ℃～80 ℃, the nitric acid starting point concentration leaching is 1mol/L～6mol/L, extraction time is 1h～4h, leaching process stirs, stirring velocity 30r/min～120r/min, nitric acid add-on is to add 101～130% of nitric acid theoretical consumption that in the anode and cathode mixed materials of reaction vessel and pyrolusite, all metals leach, the MnO of pyrolusite used 2content>=40%, particle diameter≤180 order, the add-on of pyrolusite is with MnO 2count in oxidation anode and cathode mixed materials all 100%～110% of the required theoretical amount of metallic state metal.
CN201310736634.9A 2013-12-29 2013-12-29 Leaching method of nickel cobalt lithium manganate waste battery positive-negative electrode mixed material Pending CN103757415A (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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WO2009129271A1 (en) * 2008-04-14 2009-10-22 Akridge James R System for the sustainable recovery of metals from electronic waste
CN101586192A (en) * 2009-06-23 2009-11-25 四川师范大学 Leaching method for anode and cathode mixed materials of waste LiCoxNiyMnzO2 battery
CN101619394A (en) * 2009-06-23 2010-01-06 四川师范大学 Method for leaching anode and cathode mixed material of waste lithium nickel manganese cobalt battery
CN102782165A (en) * 2009-10-27 2012-11-14 詹姆斯·R·阿克瑞奇 Oxygen torch waste reclamation system and acid recovery
CN103305698A (en) * 2013-06-09 2013-09-18 南康市恒源循环科技有限公司 Method for recovering gold, silver, tin and copper from industrial wastes

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1051335A (en) * 1990-11-21 1991-05-15 重庆干电池总厂 The chemical manganese bioxide manufacture method
WO2009129271A1 (en) * 2008-04-14 2009-10-22 Akridge James R System for the sustainable recovery of metals from electronic waste
CN102084013A (en) * 2008-04-14 2011-06-01 詹姆斯·R·阿克瑞奇 Wet chemical method for the sustainable recovery of metals from electronic waste
CN101586192A (en) * 2009-06-23 2009-11-25 四川师范大学 Leaching method for anode and cathode mixed materials of waste LiCoxNiyMnzO2 battery
CN101619394A (en) * 2009-06-23 2010-01-06 四川师范大学 Method for leaching anode and cathode mixed material of waste lithium nickel manganese cobalt battery
CN102782165A (en) * 2009-10-27 2012-11-14 詹姆斯·R·阿克瑞奇 Oxygen torch waste reclamation system and acid recovery
CN103305698A (en) * 2013-06-09 2013-09-18 南康市恒源循环科技有限公司 Method for recovering gold, silver, tin and copper from industrial wastes

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Application publication date: 20140430