CN101665873A - Leaching method of anode material of used nickel cadmium battery - Google Patents
Leaching method of anode material of used nickel cadmium battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN101665873A CN101665873A CN200910059705A CN200910059705A CN101665873A CN 101665873 A CN101665873 A CN 101665873A CN 200910059705 A CN200910059705 A CN 200910059705A CN 200910059705 A CN200910059705 A CN 200910059705A CN 101665873 A CN101665873 A CN 101665873A
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- leaching
- nitric acid
- positive electrode
- electrode material
- anode material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention provides a leaching method of an anode material of a used nickel cadmium battery, which comprises the following steps: placing the anode material separated from the used nickel cadmium battery into a container resisting pressure and corrosion of nitric acid, then sealing the container, pumping the nitric acid into the container, and introducing industrial pure oxygen to leach the anode material of the used nickel cadmium battery. The leaching temperature is 20-100 DEG C, the leaching pressure is 0.05-0.5 MPa, the leached sulfuric acid initial concentration is 1-6mol/L, the leaching time is 1-4h, the stirring is carried out during the leaching, and the stirring speed is 30-100r/min. The addition of the sulfuric acid is 101-130 percent of theoretical consumption of the sulfuricacid leached out of all metal in the anode material added in the reaction container.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of leaching method of waste nickel-cadmium batteries positive electrode material.
Background technology
Nickel-cadmium cell is the widely used battery of a class, and this battery will produce a large amount of refuse batteries after using and scrapping.Because this class battery contains plurality of heavy metal,, will produce very big direct and potential hazard to environment if abandon into environment.The main nickeliferous and cobalt of nickel-cadmium cell positive electrode material, both total contents be up to more than 80%, has very much a recovery value.The technology that reclaims at present nickel, cobalt from the waste nickel-cadmium batteries positive electrode material mainly contains thermal process and wet processing.The product that thermal process obtains is an alloy material, nickel that very difficult acquisition is purer and cobalt.Wet processing becomes more readily available purer nickel and cobalt.Leaching is a requisite process in the wet processing.The leaching method of waste nickel-cadmium batteries positive electrode material mainly contains salt acid leaching process, sulfuric acid leaching and nitric acid lixiviation process at present.The salt acid leaching process, equipment corrosion is big, the big and contaminate environment of acid mist generation.The expensive oxygenant of sulfuric acid leaching consumption (as hydrogen peroxide etc.).The nitric acid consumption of nitric acid lixiviation process is big, and can produce a large amount of oxynitride, contaminate environment.The development equipment corrosion is little, cost is low, the leaching method of the waste nickel-cadmium batteries positive electrode material of basic non-environmental-pollution has big practical value.
Summary of the invention
Problem at present waste nickel-cadmium batteries positive electrode material leaching, it is low to the objective of the invention is to seek a kind of nitric acid consumption, the leaching method of the waste nickel-cadmium batteries positive electrode material that basic nitrogenfree oxide pollutes, it is characterized in that and from waste nickel-cadmium batteries, (to comprise by isolated positive electrode material by elementary positive electrode material artificial or that mechanical separation goes out, the positive pole powder material that elementary positive electrode material obtains through broken and ball milling or rod milling, the more purified positive electrode material that elementary positive electrode material or positive pole powder material obtain through pre-treatment such as alkali cleaning or roastings) put into withstand voltage and the corrosive of anti-nitric acid container, sealed vessel then, and nitric acid pumped into this container, feed industrial pure oxygen and carry out the leaching of waste nickel-cadmium batteries positive electrode material, carry out liquid-solid separation after leaching end, obtain required infusion solution.Extraction temperature is 20～100 ℃, and leaching pressure is 0.05～0.5MPa, and the nitric acid starting point concentration of leaching is 1～6mol/L, and extraction time is 1～4 hour, and leaching process stirs, stirring velocity 30～100r/min.The nitric acid add-on is in the positive electrode material that adds reaction vessel all 101～130% of the nitric acid theoretical consumption that leaches of metals.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: under the condition that the industrial pure oxygen of pressurization exists, nitric acid leaches the waste nickel-cadmium batteries positive electrode material, and (nickel in the material is metal and two kinds of forms of oxide compound, cobalt is oxide form) time, following chemical reaction takes place in the process that part metals nickel generates the inferior nickel of nitric acid:
Ni+4HNO
3＝Ni(NO
3)
2+2NO
2+2H
2O
3Ni+8HNO
3＝3Ni(NO
3)
2+2NO+4H
2O
2NO+O
2＝2NO
2
3NO
2+H
2O＝2HNO
3+NO
Total reaction is:
2Ni+4HNO
3+O
2＝2Ni(NO
3)
2+2H
2O
Under the condition that the industrial pure oxygen of pressurization exists, when nitric acid leached the waste nickel-cadmium batteries positive electrode material, following chemical reaction took place in the process that part metals nickel generates nickelous nitrate:
Ni+6HNO
3＝Ni(NO
3)
3+3NO
2+3H
2O
Ni+4HNO
3＝Ni(NO
3)
3+NO+2H
2O
2NO+O
2＝2NO
2
3NO
2+H
2O＝2HNO
3+NO
Total reaction is:
4Ni+12HNO
3+3O
2＝4Ni(NO
3)
3+6H
2O
When nitric acid leached the waste nickel-cadmium batteries positive electrode material, following chemical reaction took place in the process that partial oxidation nickel generates the inferior nickel of nitric acid:
NiO+2HNO
3＝Ni(NO
3)
2+H
2O
Under the condition that the industrial pure oxygen of pressurization exists, when nitric acid leached the waste nickel-cadmium batteries positive electrode material, following chemical reaction took place in the process that partial oxidation nickel generates nickelous nitrate:
NiO+4HNO
3＝Ni(NO
3)
3+NO
2+2H
2O
3NiO+10HNO
3＝3Ni(NO
3)
3+NO+5H
2O
2NO+O
2＝2NO
2
3NO
2+H
2O＝2HNO
3+NO
Total reaction is:
4NiO+12HNO
3+O
2＝4Ni(NO
3)
3+6H
2O
In addition, when nitric acid leached the waste nickel-cadmium batteries positive electrode material, following chemical reaction took place in the oxide compound of cobalt:
CoO+2HNO
3＝Co(NO
3)
2+H
2O
Excessive and use under the leaching condition of the industrial pure oxygen of pressurization at nitric acid, the nickel and the cobalts of the overwhelming majority finally enter leach liquor with the trivalent form.
Through above-mentioned series reaction, finally improved the utilization ratio of nitric acid, avoided the generation of nitrogen oxides pollution thing substantially, realized cleaning of technology.
With respect to existing method, outstanding advantage of the present invention is to reduce the nitric acid consumption greatly, has avoided the generation of pollutent oxynitride substantially, thereby does not need the Pollution abatement of oxynitride, save pollution abatement costs, had tangible economic benefit and environmental benefit.
Specific implementation method
Embodiment 1: with 100g waste nickel-cadmium batteries positive electrode material (nickeliferous 80.6%, cobalt 4.2%) adding volume is in the stainless steel autoclave of 1L, the nitric acid 950ml that adds 3.5mol/L, feed the industrial pure oxygen of 0.2MPa, stirring (stirring velocity 80r/min) down at 40～50 ℃ leached 2.5 hours, carry out liquid-solid separation after leaching end, obtain 930ml infusion solution (not containing the leached mud washing water).The about 150ml of reaction end gas (amounting to into the volume of absolute pressure 0.1MPa), nitrous oxides concentration is 6.4mg/m
3The leaching yield of nickel and cobalt is respectively 99.1% and 97.5% (calculating by the nickel and the cobalt that enter in infusion solution and the leached mud washings).
Embodiment 2: with 500g waste nickel-cadmium batteries positive electrode material (nickeliferous 80.6%, cobalt 4.2%) adding volume is in the stainless steel autoclave of 10L, the nitric acid 9.0L that adds 2.0mol/L, feed the industrial pure oxygen of 0.1MPa, stir (stirring velocity 80r/min) down at 50～60 ℃ and leached 3 hours, leaching is carried out liquid-solid separation after finishing, and obtains 8.8L infusion solution (not containing the leached mud washing water), the about 2L of reaction end gas (amounting to into the volume of absolute pressure 0.1MPa), nitrous oxides concentration is 4.9mg/m
3The leaching yield of nickel and cobalt is respectively 99.2% and 97.8% (calculating by the nickel and the cobalt that enter in infusion solution and the leached mud washings).
Claims (1)
1, a kind of leaching method of waste nickel-cadmium batteries positive electrode material, it is characterized in that and from waste nickel-cadmium batteries, to put into withstand voltage and the corrosive of anti-nitric acid container by isolated positive electrode material, sealed vessel then, and nitric acid pumped into this container, feed industrial pure oxygen and carry out the leaching of waste nickel-cadmium batteries positive electrode material, carry out liquid-solid separation after leaching end, obtain required infusion solution, extraction temperature is 20～100 ℃, leaching pressure is 0.05～0.5MPa, the nitric acid starting point concentration that leaches is 1～6mol/L, extraction time is 1～4 hour, leaching process stirs, stirring velocity 30～100r/min, and the nitric acid add-on is in the positive electrode material that adds reaction vessel all 101～130% of the nitric acid theoretical consumption that leaches of metals.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910059705A CN101665873A (en) | 2009-06-23 | 2009-06-23 | Leaching method of anode material of used nickel cadmium battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910059705A CN101665873A (en) | 2009-06-23 | 2009-06-23 | Leaching method of anode material of used nickel cadmium battery |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101665873A true CN101665873A (en) | 2010-03-10 |
Family
ID=41802650
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910059705A Pending CN101665873A (en) | 2009-06-23 | 2009-06-23 | Leaching method of anode material of used nickel cadmium battery |
Country Status (1)
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|---|---|
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103667722A (en) * | 2013-12-29 | 2014-03-26 | 四川师范大学 | Leaching method for cathode-anode mixed material of used nickel-cadmium battery |
| CN103757339A (en) * | 2013-12-29 | 2014-04-30 | 四川师范大学 | Leaching method of nickel-cadmium waste battery positive electrode material |
| CN103757416A (en) * | 2013-12-29 | 2014-04-30 | 四川师范大学 | Leaching method of nickel-cadmium waste battery positive electrode material |
-
2009
- 2009-06-23 CN CN200910059705A patent/CN101665873A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103667722A (en) * | 2013-12-29 | 2014-03-26 | 四川师范大学 | Leaching method for cathode-anode mixed material of used nickel-cadmium battery |
| CN103757339A (en) * | 2013-12-29 | 2014-04-30 | 四川师范大学 | Leaching method of nickel-cadmium waste battery positive electrode material |
| CN103757416A (en) * | 2013-12-29 | 2014-04-30 | 四川师范大学 | Leaching method of nickel-cadmium waste battery positive electrode material |
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Open date: 20100310 |