CN103744035B - Working point migrated counter-type superconducting magnetometer and method for determining magnetic field change direction - Google Patents
Working point migrated counter-type superconducting magnetometer and method for determining magnetic field change direction Download PDFInfo
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- CN103744035B CN103744035B CN201410035641.0A CN201410035641A CN103744035B CN 103744035 B CN103744035 B CN 103744035B CN 201410035641 A CN201410035641 A CN 201410035641A CN 103744035 B CN103744035 B CN 103744035B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a working point migrated counter-type superconducting magnetometer, a method for determining a magnetic field change direction and a retrieval method for acquiring signals. According to the method, one part, exceeding a certain fixed flux value, in flux variation passing a superconducting ring is counted, the other part less than the flux value is measured, and the dynamic range is widened on the premise of not reducing the sampling accuracy of the superconducting magnetometer. The invention provides solutions to several key problems of superconducting quantum counting, the sensitivity and the accuracy of a system are improved and the dynamic range of the superconducting magnetometer is greatly widened; in addition, the problem that a lock type superconducting magnetometer is easily unlocked is solved, and the working stability of the magnetometer is improved. Compared with the existing lock type superconducting magnetometer, the working point migrated counter-type superconducting magnetometer is more suitable for working in field for a long time, and can carry out measurement work in the environment of higher noise in field.
Description
Technical field：
The present invention relates to a kind of superconductive magnetometer of geophysics magnetic prospecting, especially a kind of counter conduction magnetic force
Instrument, particularly operating point transfer method counter type superconduction magnetometer.
Background technology：
Superconducting quantum interference device（SQUID）It is the sensitivity highest weak magnetic survey sensor being currently known.Using
The superconductive magnetometer that SQUID makes can be applicable to biological magnetic（Heart magnetic, brain magnetic）The neck such as measurement, nondestructive inspection and magnetic prospecting
Domain.
Existing superconductive magnetometer be commonly based on Zero flux locking method design, however, due to dynamic range with
Precision and the relation of sensitivity mutually restriction, such superconductive magnetometer, while obtaining higher sensitivity with precision, is also met
Arrive the less predicament of dynamic range.For example, common sensitivity be the superconductive magnetometer of 300fT dynamic range only ±
300nT about.But in wild environment, the disturbance of extraneous electromagnetic interference or background magnetic field is generally higher, such as electric lines of force is attached
Closely, only 50Hz Hz noise is just up to ± 500nT.Carry out magnetic method using Zero flux locking-type superconductive magnetometer in the environment to survey
When visiting to search for mineral resources or to study geological structure, it will because SQUID cannot lock, lead to not measure.Therefore, such
The superconductive magnetometer of type can be only applied to measure the less weak magnetic signal of dynamic range in magnetic shield room, and cannot be in the wild
Carry out magnetic prospecting in environment.
《Earth journal》Deliver《The development of the HTS magnetometer and the field test on TEM》（Vol23,2002）
Describe a kind of high-temperature superconductor magnetometer being applied to field of geophysical exploration, this magnetometer is on the basis of Zero flux locking
Its dynamic range is improved using the method reducing feedback resistance in SQUID reading circuit, but is as magnetometer dynamic range
Increase, its sensitivity and precision will accordingly reduce, and so just cannot make full use of the highly sensitive advantage of superconductive magnetometer.
A kind of CN101893721A patent disclosure width dynamic high temperature superconductive magnetometer.This magnetometer is in Zero flux locking
On the basis of, using the standard Magnetic Field of Helmholtz coil generation, offset partly extraneous magnetic field to be measured, relatively improve SQUID and move
State scope, but because Helmholtz coil construction is complicated, volume is larger, and Helmholtz cannot be ensured in motor process
The reason such as coil is definitely coaxial with SQUID, this magnetometer is not suitable for working with movement environment in the wild.
Additionally, when being measured for a long time using Zero flux locking-type superconductive magnetometer, environment noise, circuit noise with
Circuit drift easily causes the superconductive magnetometer losing lock being in locking, therefore, based on the conduction magnetic force that Zero flux locking is theoretical
Instrument is only suitable for the short time or discontinuity measurement.
In sum, during existing locking-type superconductive magnetometer works in the wild, all there is practicality and integrity problem,
And dynamic range is less or sensitivity and the relatively low problem of precision, these problems greatly have impact on the application of superconductive magnetometer
With popularization.
Content of the invention：
The purpose of the present invention is that for above the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of operating point that need not lock is moved
Shifting method counter type superconduction magnetometer；
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of operating point transfer method counter type superconduction magnetometer determines changes of magnetic field
The method in direction；
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of collection signal inverting of operating point transfer method counter type superconduction magnetometer
Method.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
Operating point transfer method counter type superconduction magnetometer, by the Superconducting Quantum probe being placed in Dewar flask 2（SQUID）1 warp
Reading circuit 3, analog isolation module 4, data collecting system 5, microprocessor 6, digital isolation module 8, feedback module 9 and superconduction
Quantum is popped one's head in（SQUID）1 connection, analog isolation module 4 is connected and composed with microprocessor 6 through state detection module 7.
State detection module 7 is made up of four alternative type analog switches and five hysteresis comparators, concrete connection side
Formula is：Analog switch 10, analog switch 11, analog switch 12 and analog switch 13 are connected with microprocessor 6 parallel, analog isolation
Module 4 is connected with analog switch 10, analog switch 11, analog switch 12, analog switch 13 and zero passage hysteresis comparator 14 respectively,
Zero passage hysteresis comparator 14 is connected with microprocessor 6, and analog switch 10 is connected with microprocessor 6 through hysteresis comparator 15, simulation
Switch 11 is connected with microprocessor 6 through hysteresis comparator 16, and analog switch 12 is connected with microprocessor 6 through hysteresis comparator 17,
Analog switch 13 is connected with microprocessor 6 through hysteresis comparator 18.In five hysteresis comparators, zero passage hysteresis comparator 14 is used for
Judge the polarity of Flux modulation signal；Hysteresis comparator 15 and hysteresis comparator 17 are feedback detection hysteresis comparator, for examining
Survey and when fed back and detected in non-feedback procedure whether flex point occurs；Hysteresis comparator 16 and hysteresis comparator 18 are flex point
Detection hysteresis comparator, for detecting whether flex point occurs in feedback procedure, an input of four alternative type analog switches
Port is connected in parallel Flux modulation holding wire with zero passage hysteresis comparator, and another input port is connected in parallel simulation ground wire, leads to
Cross four alternative patterns of control to intend switching on-off determining whether five hysteresis comparators work or defeated to hysteresis comparator
Go out to be resetted.
Feedback module 9 is to be connected structure through feedback quantity selecting module 20 with feedback switch module 21 by reference signal module 19
Become.Wherein, reference signal module 19 provides positive and negative feedback signal, and feedback signal can generate needed for magnetometer in SQUID
The feedback magnetic flux (± ΔΦ) of the corresponding polarity wanted；Feedback quantity selecting module 20 is selected according to the feedback quantity that microprocessor 6 exports
Select the feedback signal that signal behavior exports opposed polarity；The feedback switch control that feedback switch module 21 exports according to microprocessor 6
Signal processed is fed back to SQUID by switching on-off.
A kind of operating point transfer method counter type superconduction magnetometer determine changes of magnetic field direction method it is characterised in that：Open
Begin during measurement, to determine the change direction in magnetic field first, in measurement process, the flex point by detecting changes of magnetic field is determined magnetic indirectly
The change direction of field.Specifically include following steps：
A., when measurement starts, when Flux modulation signal zero crossing, feedback module is to one fixation of SQUID feedback compensation
Polarity is+less than Φ0/ 4 magnetic flux, by judging the change that Flux modulation signal is subsequent occurrences of advanced or stagnant latter two is different
Change, judge the change direction in magnetic field, after the change direction in magnetic field obtains determining, feedback module cancels feedback；
B., in measurement process, the method using operating point migration is nursed one's health to magnetic field modulation signal.Method is as follows：Work as magnetic
The amplitude of logical modulated signal close to peak value when, feedback module is to one fixation of SQUID feedback compensation less than Φ0/ 2 magnetic flux
（Φ0For a flux quantum）, so that the amplitude of Flux modulation signal is quickly crossed or away from peak value, then magnetometer be with magnetic flux tune
The working base point that the amplitude in signal stabilization moment processed is new proceeds to measure, when belonging to surveyed magnetic in the magnetic flux in superconducting ring
Component cross or cancel feedback away from feedback module during magnetic flux corresponding to Flux modulation signal peak, then magnetometer
With survey changes of magnetic field direction do not change in the case of the amplitude cancelling the Flux modulation signal stabilization moment after feedback be new work
Proceed to measure as basic point, due to avoiding the blind area of flex point detection in whole process, cannot detect and turn thus without running into
The situation of point.Whether identical with the change direction in magnetic field according to the polarity of feedback magnetic flux, operating point transfer method can be divided into operating point
Positive transfer method and operating point negative transfer method.
C. during Flux modulation signal is nursed one's health, by judging the magnetic flux in adjacent feedback procedure twice
Whether the polarity of modulated signal identical, or in feedback procedure Flux modulation signal whether occur peak value carry out detect flex point；
Described operating point transfer method whether identical with the change direction in magnetic field is divided into work according to the polarity of feedback magnetic flux
Point positive transfer method and operating point negative transfer method：
Operating point positive transfer method：When the amplitude of Flux modulation signal is close to peak value, to one fixation of SQUID feedback compensation
Less than Φ0/ 2 and polarity and changes of magnetic field direction identical magnetic flux, make the amplitude of Flux modulation signal quickly cross peak value
Jump to a new amplitude, the working base point that then magnetometer is new with this amplitude proceeds to measure, when in superconducting ring
The component belonging to surveyed magnetic field in magnetic flux is crossed or is cancelled feedback during away from magnetic flux corresponding to Flux modulation signal peak,
Then magnetometer with survey changes of magnetic field direction do not change in the case of the width cancelling the Flux modulation signal stabilization moment after feedback
It is worth and proceeds to measure for new working base point, due to avoiding the blind area of flex point detection in whole process, thus without chance
To the situation that cannot detect flex point；
Φ in formula0For a flux quantum；
Operating point negative transfer method, that is, when the amplitude of Flux modulation signal is close to peak value, solid to SQUID feedback compensation one
Fixed less than Φ0/ 2 and magnetic flux that polarity is in opposite direction with changes of magnetic field, make the amplitude of Flux modulation signal be rapidly directed away from peak
Value jumps to a new amplitude, and the working base point that then magnetometer is new with this amplitude proceeds to measure, when in superconducting ring
Magnetic flux in belong to the component in surveyed magnetic field and cross or cancel during away from magnetic flux corresponding to Flux modulation signal peak anti-
Feedback, then magnetometer with survey changes of magnetic field direction do not change in the case of cancel the Flux modulation signal stabilization moment after feedback
The working base point that amplitude is new proceeds to measure.Also due to avoiding the blind area of flex point detection, therefore not in whole process
The situation that cannot detect flex point can be run into.
The method that a kind of operating point transfer method counter type superconduction magnetometer gathers signal inverting, is according to state detection module
The state value of 7 outputs, counts respectively to feeding back and not feeding back two states, Flux modulation when feedback states are not changed
Signal is acquired and is converted into corresponding magnetic flux value, by corresponding with corresponding feedback states for the count value of feedback states magnetic
The sum of products of logical variable quantity is added with the magnetic flux value gathering and converting, and just obtains current flux change amount, concrete formula
As follows：
In formula：BXBy the flux change amount in the unit area in current survey magnetic field；
S is the area of superconducting ring, can be obtained by the technical manual of SQUID；
± operator depend on magnetic field change direction, magnetic field increase for+, magnetic field is reduced to；
K is V- Φ slope of a curve, and that is, Flux modulation signal voltage difference and the ratio of corresponding flux change amount, gather
Can be obtained by measurement before beginning, its absolute value is definite value, polarity can determine according to the output signal of state detection module；
Φ1For definite value, in the case that surveyed changes of magnetic field direction is constant, start next time between feedback from cancelling to feed back to
The changing value of magnetic flux in superconducting ring, i.e. the corresponding flux change amount of non-feedback procedure；
Φ2For definite value, in the case that surveyed changes of magnetic field direction is constant, superconduction between feedback starts to feedback to terminate
The changing value of magnetic flux in ring, i.e. feedback procedure corresponding flux change amount；
N1After starting for measurement, Φ1Change number, computational methods are as follows：When feedback starts, judge do not feeding back
In journey, whether the change direction in surveyed magnetic field changes, if changes of magnetic field direction changes, N1Value is constant；If changes of magnetic field direction does not have
There is change then N1Value ± 1, ± identical with the change direction in magnetic field；
N2After starting for measurement, Φ2Change number, computational methods are as follows：When cancelling feedback, judge in feedback procedure
Whether the change direction in middle surveyed magnetic field changes, if changes of magnetic field direction changes, N2Value is constant；If changes of magnetic field direction does not have
Change then N2Value ± 1, ± identical with the change direction in magnetic field；
VPFlux modulation signal voltage value when the feedback states change for feedback module and Flux modulation signal stabilization, that is,
Above-mentioned measurement basic point；
VXMagnitude of voltage for acquisition system collection point.
Beneficial effect：Achieve the counter measurement pattern of superconductive magnetometer.Super based on Zero flux locking with existing
Lead magnetometer to compare, by counting to the flux change amount being more than a certain fixing magnetic flux value in superconducting ring, to less than this
The flux change amount of magnetic flux value is acquired so that gathering signal corresponding flux change amount all the time less than a magnetic flux
In the fixing magnetic flux value of son, change, therefore improves sensitivity and the precision of acquisition system；By to exceeding a certain fixing magnetic
The part of amount of flux is counted, and while improving magnetometer sensitivity with precision, drastically increases superconductive magnetometer
Dynamic range；Abandon existing locking-type mode of operation, it is to avoid the problem of the losing lock that locking-type superconductive magnetometer easily runs into,
Improve the stability of magnetometer work, more can be suitable for field and work long hours, make superconductive magnetometer achieve noise in the wild
Ratio carries out high-precision measurement work in larger environment.
Brief description：
Accompanying drawing 1 is the counter type superconduction magnetometer structured flowchart of operating point transfer method；
Accompanying drawing 2 is the counter type superconduction magnetometer state detection module structured flowchart of operating point transfer method；
Accompanying drawing 3 is the counter type superconduction magnetometer feedback module structured flowchart of operating point transfer method；
Accompanying drawing 4 is to be provided without determining the situation in changes of magnetic field direction during the transfer method of operating point；
Accompanying drawing 5 is the waveform determining changes of magnetic field direction method when measurement starts；
Accompanying drawing 6 is using operating point positive transfer method and the contrast waveform being provided without operating point transfer method；
Accompanying drawing 7 is using operating point negative transfer method and the contrast waveform being provided without operating point transfer method；
1 Superconducting Quantum probe（SQUID）, 2 Dewar flasks, 3SQUID reading circuit, 4 analog isolation modules, 5 data acquisition systems
System, 6 microprocessors, 7 state detection modules, 8 digital isolation modules, 9 feedback modules, 10 analog switches, 11 analog switches, 12 moulds
Intend switching, 13 analog switches, 14 zero passage hysteresis comparators, 15 hysteresis comparators, 16 hysteresis comparators, 17 hysteresis comparators, 18
Hysteresis comparator, 19 reference signal modules, 20 feedback quantity selecting modules, 21 feedback switch modules.
Specific embodiment：
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in more detail：
As shown in figure 1, the counter type superconduction magnetometer structure based on operating point transfer method is as follows：It is positioned in Dewar flask 2
Superconducting Quantum probe（SQUID）1 through reading circuit 3, analog isolation module 4, data collecting system 5, microprocessor 6, numeral
Isolation module 8, feedback module 9 and Superconducting Quantum probe（SQUID）1 connection, analog isolation module 4 through state detection module 7 with
Microprocessor 6 connects.Wherein, Superconducting Quantum probe（SQUID）1 output magnetic field modulation signal；It is defeated that reading circuit 3 reads SQUID
The magnetic field modulation signal that goes out simultaneously is amplified；Isolation module eliminates the interference to SQUID1 for the digital circuit, including analog isolation mould
Block 4 and digital isolation module 8；Data collecting system 5 is acquired to magnetic field modulation signal；State detection module 7 detects currently
The state of magnetic field modulation signal；Microprocessor 6 is the control core of magnetometer, is responsible for the shape 1. according to state detection module output
State value carries out the signal choosing 2. according to analog switch in state value controlled state detection module for the data processing to the data collecting
Select and 3. the change direction in magnetic field is judged according to state value and export corresponding feedback quantity selection signal and feedback switch control signal；
The feedback quantity selection signal that feedback module 9 exports according to microprocessor 6 and feedback switch control signal are fed back to SQUID1.
In order to preferably explain the operating point transfer method counter type superconduction magnetometer shown in Fig. 1, introduce first shown in Fig. 4
Counter type superconduction magnetometer first has to the problem that cannot determine changes of magnetic field direction solving.Specifically include：1. cannot be from V-t ripple
The change direction of Φ is judged on shape figure；If 2. the change direction of Φ changes when V is for peak value（As B ', the E ' two in Fig. 4
Point）, will be unable to judge that the change direction of Φ changes by the waveform change of V（By with the magnetic flux corresponding to V peak value
Centered on face domain be referred to as flex point detection blind area）.
For the problems referred to above, the invention provides a kind of solution adopts operating point transfer method that Flux modulation is believed
Number nursed one's health：1. under the non-feedback states of feedback module, when the amplitude of Flux modulation signal V is close to peak value, feedback module
To SQUID one fixation of compensation less than Φ0/ 2 magnetic flux（Φ0For a flux quantum）, so that the amplitude of V is quickly crossed or far
From peak value, then magnetometer proceeds to measure by stablizing the working base point that the amplitude in moment is new with V；2. in feedback procedure
In, when the component belonging to surveyed magnetic field in Φ is crossed or feedback module cancels feedback during away from magnetic flux corresponding to peak value, with
Feedback the cancelling of magnetic flux, V-value will occur saltus step, then magnetometer with survey changes of magnetic field direction do not change in the case of cancel
The working base point that after feedback, the amplitude in Flux modulation signal stabilization moment is new proceeds to measure.Due to avoiding in whole process
The blind area of flex point detection, thus without running into the situation that cannot detect flex point.Polarity according to feedback magnetic flux and surveyed magnetic
Whether the change direction of field is identical, operating point transfer method can be divided into operating point positive transfer method such as Fig. 6 and operating point negative transfer method
As Fig. 7, respectively it is illustrated below：
Operating point positive transfer method：1. under the non-feedback states of feedback module, when the amplitude of V is close to peak value, feedback module
To one fixation of SQUID feedback compensation less than Φ0/ 2 and polarity and changes of magnetic field direction identical magnetic flux（Φ0For a magnetic
Flux）, make the amplitude of V quickly cross peak value and jump to a new amplitude, then magnetometer will be new work with this amplitude
Proceed to measure as basic point；2. in feedback procedure, when the component belonging to surveyed magnetic field in Φ is crossed or right away from peak value institute
During the magnetic flux answered, feedback module cancels feedback, then magnetometer with survey changes of magnetic field direction do not change in the case of cancel anti-
The working base point that after feedback, the amplitude in Flux modulation signal stabilization moment is new proceeds to measure.Due to avoiding in whole process
The blind area of flex point detection, thus without running into the situation that cannot detect flex point.Fig. 6 describe using operating point positive transfer method and
It is provided without the contrast Φ-t curve of operating point transfer method and corresponding V-t curve.In figure dotted portion is to be provided without work
The oscillogram of point transfer method, bold portion is the oscillogram employing operating point positive transfer method.Be can be seen that by contrasting waveform
The change flex point of Φ clearly can be gone out using operating point positive transfer method by V-t curve detection.Below in conjunction with Fig. 6 to operating point
Positive transfer method is described in detail step by step：
Step is (1)：During measuring under non-feedback states, when V increases to V by little1When, feedback module pair
One fixation of SQUID feedback compensation less than Φ0/ 2 and polarity and changes of magnetic field direction identical magnetic flux ± ΔΦ（± depend on
In the change direction in magnetic field, magnetic field increase for+, magnetic field is reduced to-）, with the saltus step of Φ, | V | will be by V1Jump to V3（For example
The curves such as ABC, the EFG in Fig. 6）, because the compensation speed of feedback magnetic flux is far longer than the pace of change in surveyed magnetic field, therefore,
Flux jumping will not impact to the measurement result in magnetic field.After V is stable, magnetometer will be with ± V3（± with start feedback when
The polarity carving V is identical）Proceed to measure for basic point, because now | V | has passed past peak value, cannot detect and turn thus without running into
The situation of point.
Step is (2)：During measuring under feedback compensation state, with the change of Φ, | V | value will appear from two kinds
Change：1. | V | is by V3Progressively reduce, represent that the change direction in magnetic field does not change, treat that | V | is reduced to V4When, feedback module is removed
Disappear the feedback to SQUID, and | V | is correspondingly by V4Jump to V2（The curves such as such as BCDE, OPQR in Fig. 6）, because | V | gets over
Cross peak value, avoid the blind area of flex point detection, after | V | is stable, magnetometer will be with ± V2（± and cancel the pole feeding back moment V
Property is identical）Proceed to measure for basic point；| V | 2. occurs again more than V1Situation, represent in feedback procedure, flex point occurs,
Feedback module cancels the feedback to SQUID, and | V | is correspondingly by V1Jump to V3（Such as FGHIJ curve in Fig. 6）, in the same manner, | V |
Have passed past peak value, avoid the blind area of flex point detection, after V is stable, magnetometer will be with ± V2（± feed back moment V's with cancelling
Polarity is identical）Proceed to measure for basic point.
Operating point negative transfer method：1. under the non-feedback states of feedback module, when the amplitude of V is close to peak value, anti-to SQUID
Feedback compensate a fixation less than Φ0/ 2 and magnetic flux that polarity is in opposite direction with changes of magnetic field, so that the amplitude of V is quickly fallen back on far
From certain value of peak value, the working base point that then magnetometer is new with this value proceeds to measure；2. in feedback procedure, when in Φ
The component belonging to surveyed magnetic field is crossed or is cancelled feedback away from feedback module during magnetic flux corresponding to peak value, then magnetometer with
Surveyed changes of magnetic field direction do not change in the case of cancel feedback after the amplitude in Flux modulation signal stabilization moment be new work
Basic point proceeds to measure.Due to avoiding the blind area of flex point detection in whole process, flex point cannot be detected thus without running into
Situation.Fig. 7 describes using operating point negative transfer method and is provided without the contrast Φ-t curve of operating point transfer method and right therewith
The V-t curve answered.In figure dotted portion is the oscillogram being provided without operating point transfer method, and bold portion is to employ operating point to bear
The oscillogram of transfer method, equally can clearly pass through V-t curve by contrasting waveform and can be seen that using operating point negative transfer method
Detect the change flex point of Φ.Below in conjunction with Fig. 7, operating point negative transfer method is described in detail step by step：
Step is (1)：Under non-feedback states, | V | increases to V by little1When, feedback module is solid to SQUID feedback compensation one
Fixed less than Φ0/ 2 and magnetic flux ± ΔΦ that polarity is in opposite direction with changes of magnetic field（± depending on magnetic field change direction, magnetic
Field increase for-, magnetic field is reduced to+）, with the saltus step of Φ, | V | will be by V1Jump to V4（The songs such as such as abc, efg in Fig. 7
Line）, because the compensation speed of feedback magnetic flux is far longer than the pace of change in surveyed magnetic field, therefore, flux jumping will not be to magnetic field
Measurement result impact.After V is stable, magnetometer will be with ± V4（± identical with the polarity of feedback moment V）Continue for basic point
Continuous measure, because now | V | is away from peak value, thus without running into the situation that cannot detect flex point.
Step is (2)：During measuring under feedback compensation state, with the change of Φ, | V | value will appear from two kinds
Change：1. | V | is by V4It is stepped up, represent that the change direction in magnetic field does not change, treat that | V | is again increased to V1When, feed back mould
Block cancels the feedback to SQUID, and | V | is correspondingly by V1Quickly cross peak value and jump to V3（The songs such as such as bcde, opqr in Fig. 7
Line）, because | V | has passed past peak value, therefore avoid the blind area of flex point detection, after V is stable, magnetometer will be with ± V3（± with
The polarity cancelling feedback moment V is identical）Proceed to measure for basic point；2. occur in that | V |=V5Situation then it represents that feedback
During flex point occurs, feedback module cancels the feedback to SQUID, and | V | is correspondingly by V5Jump to V2（For example in Fig. 7
Fghij curve）, in the same manner, | V | has passed past peak value, avoids the blind area of flex point detection, and after V is stable, magnetometer will be with ± V3
（± identical with the polarity cancelling feedback moment V）Proceed to measure for basic point.
In conjunction with above-mentioned operating point transfer method, the invention provides a kind of state detection module 7 of detection V state：By four
Individual alternative type analog switch and five hysteresis comparator compositions.Concrete connected mode is as shown in Figure 2：Analog switch 10, simulation
Switch 11, analog switch 12 and analog switch 13 are connected with microprocessor 6 parallel, analog isolation module 4 respectively with analog switch
10th, analog switch 11, analog switch 12, analog switch 13 and zero passage hysteresis comparator 14 connect, zero passage hysteresis comparator 14 with
Microprocessor 6 connects, and analog switch 10 is connected with microprocessor 6 through hysteresis comparator 15, and analog switch 11 is through hysteresis comparator
16 are connected with microprocessor 6, and analog switch 12 is connected with microprocessor 6 through hysteresis comparator 17, and analog switch 13 is through sluggish ratio
It is connected with microprocessor 6 compared with device 18.Additionally, state detection module 7 can be built by above-mentioned device, also transplantation enters microprocessor 6
In, it is operated with data collecting system 5.
In five hysteresis comparators in described state detection module 7, hysteresis comparator 14 is zero passage hysteresis comparator,
For detecting the polarity of V；Hysteresis comparator 15 and hysteresis comparator 17 are used for the detection feedback moment and detect in non-feedback procedure
Whether flex point occurs；Hysteresis comparator 16 and hysteresis comparator 18 are used for detecting the flex point in feedback procedure.Wherein, zero passage is sluggish
The positive negative threshold voltage of comparator 14 is set to 0V up and down, and amplitude is carried out really according to signal amplitude during collection and noise level
Fixed, the positive negative threshold voltage of four additional hysteresis comparator need to divide according to the difference of the operating point moving method that magnetometer is adopted
Two following situations are configured：
1., when magnetometer adopts operating point positive transfer method, the positive threshold voltage of hysteresis comparator 15 is the V in Fig. 61, negative threshold
Threshold voltage is the V in Fig. 64；The positive threshold voltage of hysteresis comparator 16 is the V in Fig. 61, negative threshold voltage is the V in Fig. 63；Sluggish
The positive threshold voltage of comparator 17 is the-V in Fig. 61, negative threshold voltage is the-V in Fig. 64；The positive threshold voltage of hysteresis comparator 18 is
- V in Fig. 61, negative threshold voltage is the-V in Fig. 63.
2., when magnetometer adopts operating point negative transfer method, the positive threshold voltage of hysteresis comparator 15 is the V in Fig. 71, negative threshold
Threshold voltage is the V in Fig. 75；The positive threshold voltage of hysteresis comparator 16 is the V in Fig. 71, negative threshold voltage is the V in Fig. 73；Sluggish
The positive threshold voltage of comparator 17 is the-V in Fig. 71, negative threshold voltage is the-V in Fig. 75；The positive threshold voltage of hysteresis comparator 18 is
- V in Fig. 71, negative threshold voltage is the-V in Fig. 73.
In conjunction with the threshold voltage setting of above-mentioned hysteresis comparator, in described state detection module, four alternative patterns are intended
One input port of switch and zero passage hysteresis comparator are connected in parallel Flux modulation holding wire, an input port parallel connection
Simulation ground wire.Its signal behavior pattern is：Generally, analog switch 10 selects to be connected Flux modulation letter with analog switch 12
Number line, analog switch 11 selects to be connected simulation ground wire with analog switch 13；During and if only if hysteresis comparator 15 output high level,
Analog switch 11 selects to connect Flux modulation holding wire；During and if only if hysteresis comparator 16 output high level, analog switch 10
Select to connect simulation ground wire；During and if only if hysteresis comparator 17 output high level, analog switch 13 selects to connect Flux modulation
Holding wire；During and if only if hysteresis comparator 18 output high level, analog switch 12 selects to connect simulation ground wire.
Four analog switches are controlled according to above-mentioned signal behavior pattern by microprocessor 6, this magnetometer is real
Show 1. under non-feedback states, analog switch 10 selects to be connected Flux modulation holding wire, hysteresis comparator 15 with analog switch 12
Judge whether to need to feed back according to V-value with hysteresis comparator 17；Analog switch 11 selects simulation ground wire with analog switch 13, because defeated
Enter signal and be less than negative threshold value, hysteresis comparator 16 exports low level with hysteresis comparator 18；2. in feedback procedure, analog switch
11 or analog switch 13 select to connect V signal, correspondingly, hysteresis comparator 16 or hysteresis comparator 18 judged according to V-value be
No flex point and whether cancel feedback；3. when feedback module cancels feedback, to hysteresis comparator 15 or hysteresis comparator 17
Output signal resetted, mainly for situations below：In feedback procedure, if hysteresis comparator 16 or hysteresis comparator 18
Output high level, although for different when represented by different this high level of operating point transfer method, but feedback module all incite somebody to action
Cancel feedback, the amplitude after stablizing due to V signal is higher than the negative threshold voltage of hysteresis comparator 15 and hysteresis comparator 17, leads to
The output of corresponding hysteresis comparator 15 or hysteresis comparator 17 can not jump vanishing with feedback states.If now magnetic field
Change direction change again, magnetometer will be unable to this flex point is detected, therefore after feedback module cancels feedback, need to stand
I.e. the output to hysteresis comparator 15 or hysteresis comparator 17 resets.
As shown in Figure 3：Feedback module 9 is by reference signal module 19 through feedback quantity selecting module 20 and feedback switch module 21
Connect and compose.Wherein, reference signal module 19 provides positive and negative feedback signal, and feedback signal can generate magnetic force in SQUID
The feedback magnetic flux (± ΔΦ) of the corresponding polarity required for instrument；Feedback quantity selecting module 20 according to microprocessor 6 export anti-
Feedback amount selection signal selects the feedback signal of output opposed polarity, and the feedback quantity selection signal of microprocessor 6 output is by magnetometer
The operating point moving method being adopted and the change direction of current magnetic field determine, if that is, 1. magnetometer adopts operating point positive transfer
Method, then feedback signal polarity is identical with changes of magnetic field direction, 2. according to operating point negative transfer method, then feedback signal polarity and magnetic
Field changes in the opposite direction；Feedback switch module 21 passes through the logical of switch according to the feedback switch control signal that microprocessor 6 exports
Disconnected SQUID is fed back, the feedback switch control signal of microprocessor 6 output is by the hysteresis comparator of state detection module
Output valve determines, that is, 1. when hysteresis comparator 15 or hysteresis comparator 17 output high level, feedback switch closes, and 2. works as sluggishness
When comparator 15 or hysteresis comparator 17 output low level, feedback switch disconnects, 3. when hysteresis comparator 16 or hysteresis comparator 18
During output high level, feedback switch disconnects.
The method that a kind of operating point transfer method counter type superconduction magnetometer determines changes of magnetic field direction, that is, start first during measurement
First determine the change direction in magnetic field, pass through in measurement process to detect the change direction that changes of magnetic field flex point determines magnetic field indirectly.Bag
Include following steps：
A as shown in figure 5, start measurement when, when the output signal of zero passage hysteresis comparator 14 changes, if right
SQUID feed back a fixation less than+Φ0/ 4 magnetic flux, the Flux modulation signal V that SQUID exports will appear from advanced or delayed
Two kinds of different changes, when comparing output valve within the Δ t time after feedback for the zero passage hysteresis comparator 14 with starting feedback
The whether equal Φ change direction that can determine that tested point of output valve carved, identical then expression Φ change direction is to increase, and difference is then
Represent that Φ change direction is to subtract.After the change direction in complete magnetic field to be determined, cancel feedback.
In b, measurement process, using operating point transfer method, magnetic field modulation signal is nursed one's health.
C, during Flux modulation signal V is nursed one's health detect flex point, the criterion of flex point should be according to magnetic force
The specific operating point moving method that instrument is adopted is selected：
If (1) magnetometer adopts operating point positive transfer method, in measurement process, one of following two situations just table occurs
Bright magnetic direction changes：1. hysteresis comparator 15 or hysteresis comparator 17 double or repeatedly export rising edge（For example
OPQRSTUVW curve in Fig. 6）2. hysteresis comparator 16 or hysteresis comparator 18 output rising edge（For example in Fig. 6, FGHIJ is bent
Line）.
If (2) magnetometer adopts operating point negative transfer method, in measurement process, one of following two situations just table occurs
Bright magnetic direction changes：1. hysteresis comparator 15 or hysteresis comparator 17 double or repeatedly export rising edge（For example
Opqrstuvw curve in Fig. 7）2. in feedback procedure, hysteresis comparator 16 or hysteresis comparator 18 do not export rising edge（Such as Fig. 7
Middle fghij curve）.
The method that a kind of operating point transfer method counter type superconduction magnetometer gathers signal inverting, according to state detection module 7
The state value of output, when feedback states change, counts to feeding back and not feeding back two states, to feedback states not respectively
Flux modulation signal during change is acquired and is converted into corresponding magnetic flux value, by the count value of feedback states with corresponding
The sum of products of feedback states corresponding flux change amount is added with the magnetic flux value gathering and converting, and just obtains current magnetic flux
Variable quantity.Concrete formula is as follows；
In formula：
BXBy the flux change amount in the unit area in current survey magnetic field；
S is the area of superconducting ring, can be obtained by the technical manual of SQUID；
VXThe magnitude of voltage of the collection point collecting for acquisition system；
± operator depends on the change direction in magnetic field, magnetic field increase for+, magnetic field is reduced to-；
K is V- Φ slope of a curve, i.e. the ratio of Flux modulation signal voltage difference and corresponding flux change amount, can be
Measure before starting collection, its absolute value is definite value, polarity needs the specific operating point migration being adopted according to magnetometer
The output signal of method and state detection module is determined；
Remaining parameter value needs to be determined with reference to the specific operating point transfer method that magnetometer is adopted：
1. when magnetometer adopts operating point positive transfer：
Φ1For non-feedback procedure corresponding flux change amount, definite value, taking Fig. 6 as a example, Φ1=(V1+V2)/|k|；
Φ2For feedback procedure corresponding flux change amount, definite value, taking Fig. 6 as a example, Φ2=(V3-V4)/|k|；
The polarity of k can be determined by the output signal of state detection module；Hysteresis comparator 15 output rising edge is to sluggishness
Comparator 17 output rising edge between, k be-；Hysteresis comparator 17 output rising edge arrive hysteresis comparator 15 export rising edge it
Between, k be+；
N1Computational methods are as follows：When hysteresis comparator 15 or hysteresis comparator 17 output rising edge, first determine whether not
In feedback procedure, whether the change direction in surveyed magnetic field changes, if changes of magnetic field direction changes, N1Value is constant；If changes of magnetic field
Direction does not change then N1Value ± 1, wherein operator ± by magnetic field change direction determine, magnetic field increase operator be+, magnetic field
Reduce operator be-；
N2Computational methods are as follows：When hysteresis comparator 15 or hysteresis comparator 17 output trailing edge, judge feeding back
In journey, whether the change direction in surveyed magnetic field changes, if changes of magnetic field direction changes, N2Value is constant；If changes of magnetic field direction does not have
There is change then N2Value ± 1, wherein operator ± by magnetic field change direction determine, magnetic field increase operator be+, magnetic field reduce fortune
Operator be-；
VPFor measuring the voltage of basic point, value is as follows：, during hysteresis comparator 15 output high level taking Fig. 6 as a example, VP=V3；
During hysteresis comparator 15 output trailing edge to hysteresis comparator 17 output rising edge, VP=V2；Hysteresis comparator 17 is defeated
When going out high level, VP=-V3；During hysteresis comparator 17 output trailing edge to hysteresis comparator 15 output rising edge, VP
=-V2.
2. when magnetometer adopts operating point negative transfer：
Φ1For non-feedback procedure corresponding flux change amount, definite value, taking Fig. 7 as a example, Φ1=(V1+V3)/|k|；
Φ2For feedback procedure corresponding flux change amount, definite value, taking Fig. 7 as a example, Φ2=(V1-V4)/|k|；
The polarity of k can be determined by the output signal of state detection module；Hysteresis comparator 15 output trailing edge is to sluggishness
Comparator 17 output trailing edge between, k be-；Hysteresis comparator 17 output trailing edge arrive hysteresis comparator 15 export trailing edge it
Between, k be+；
N1Computational methods are as follows：When hysteresis comparator 15 or hysteresis comparator 17 output rising edge, first determine whether not
In feedback procedure, whether the change direction in surveyed magnetic field changes, if changes of magnetic field direction changes, N1Value is constant；If changes of magnetic field
Direction does not change then N1Value ± 1, wherein operator ± by magnetic field change direction determine, magnetic field increase operator be+, magnetic field
Reduce operator be-；
N2Computational methods are as follows：When hysteresis comparator 15 or hysteresis comparator 17 output trailing edge, judge feeding back
In journey, whether the change direction in surveyed magnetic field changes, if changes of magnetic field direction changes, N2Value is constant；If changes of magnetic field direction does not have
There is change then N2Value ± 1, wherein operator ± by magnetic field change direction determine, magnetic field increase operator be+, magnetic field reduce fortune
Operator be-；
VPFor measuring the voltage of basic point, value is as follows：, during hysteresis comparator 15 output high level taking Fig. 7 as a example, VP=V4；
During hysteresis comparator 15 output trailing edge to hysteresis comparator 17 output rising edge, VP=V3；Hysteresis comparator 17 is defeated
When going out high level, VP=-V4；During hysteresis comparator 17 output trailing edge to hysteresis comparator 15 output rising edge, VP
=-V3.
Particular embodiments described above, has been carried out further to the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect
Explain and illustrate, be should be understood that the specific embodiment that the foregoing is only the present invention, be not limited to this
Bright, all any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement within the spirit and principles in the present invention, done etc., should be included in the present invention
Protection domain within.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of operating point transfer method counter type superconduction magnetometer, is popped one's head in SQUID (1), Dewar flask (2), SQUID by Superconducting Quantum
Reading circuit (3) and microprocessor (6) composition it is characterised in that：It is placed in Superconducting Quantum probe SQUID (1) in Dewar flask (2)
Through reading circuit (3), analog isolation module (4), data collecting system (5), microprocessor (6), digital isolation module (8), anti-
Feedback module (9) is connected with Superconducting Quantum probe SQUID (1), and analog isolation module (4) is through state detection module (7) and microprocessor
Device (6) connects；
Described operating point transfer method, be superconductive magnetometer in measurement process, magnetic field modulation signal is nursed one's health, works as magnetic flux
The amplitude of modulated signal close to peak value when, feedback module (9) is to one fixation of SQUID (1) feedback compensation less than Φ0/ 2 magnetic
Logical, so that the amplitude of Flux modulation signal is quickly crossed or away from peak value, then magnetometer is with the Flux modulation signal stabilization moment
The working base point that amplitude is new proceeds to measure, when the component belonging to surveyed magnetic field in the magnetic flux in superconducting ring is crossed or far
During magnetic flux corresponding to from Flux modulation signal peak, feedback module (9) cancels feedback, then magnetometer with survey magnetic field become
Change direction do not change in the case of cancel feedback after the Flux modulation signal stabilization moment amplitude be new working base point continue into
Row measurement, whole process avoids the blind area of flex point detection, compensates a modulus value by feedback module (9) to SQUID (1) and fixes
Magnetic flux, so that the working base point of SQUID (1) is migrated in a flux quantum, realize the measurement in magnetic field；
Φ in formula0For a flux quantum；
Described counter is the state value being exported according to state detection module (7), and feedback is distinguished with not feeding back two states
Counted, Flux modulation signal when feedback states are not changed is acquired and is converted into corresponding magnetic flux value, will be anti-
The count value of the feedback state magnetic flux that gathers and convert same with the sum of products of corresponding feedback states corresponding flux change amount
Value is added, and just obtains current flux change amount.
2. according to the operating point transfer method counter type superconduction magnetometer described in claim 1 it is characterised in that：State detection module
(7) analog switch a (10), analog switch b (11), analog switch c (12) and analog switch d (13), analog isolation module are included
(4) compare with analog switch a (10), analog switch b (11), analog switch c (12), analog switch d (13) and zero passage sluggishness respectively
Connect compared with device (14), zero passage hysteresis comparator (14) is connected with microprocessor (6), and analog switch a (10) is through hysteresis comparator a
(15) it is connected with microprocessor (6), analog switch b (11) is connected with microprocessor (6) through hysteresis comparator b (16), and simulation is opened
Close c (12) be connected with microprocessor (6) through hysteresis comparator c (17), analog switch d (13) through hysteresis comparator d (18) with micro-
Processor (6) connects.
3. the method determining changes of magnetic field direction according to the operating point transfer method counter type superconduction magnetometer described in claim 1,
It is characterized in that：Start when measuring, to determine the change direction in magnetic field first, pass through in measurement process to detect the flex point of changes of magnetic field
Indirectly determine the change direction in magnetic field, comprise the following steps：
When a, measurement start, under non-feedback states, when Flux modulation signal zero crossing, feedback module feeds back to SQUID to be mended
The polarity repaying a fixation is+less than Φ0/ 4 magnetic flux, subsequent occurrences of advanced or delayed by judging Flux modulation signal
Two kinds of different changes, judge the change direction in magnetic field, and after the change direction in magnetic field obtains determining, feedback module is cancelled instead
Feedback；
In b, measurement process, the method using operating point migration is nursed one's health to magnetic field modulation signal；
Described operating point transfer method whether identical with the change direction in magnetic field is just being divided into operating point according to the polarity of feedback magnetic flux
Transfer method and operating point negative transfer method：
Operating point positive transfer method：When the amplitude of Flux modulation signal is close to peak value, little to one fixation of SQUID feedback compensation
In Φ0/ 2 and polarity and changes of magnetic field direction identical magnetic flux, make the amplitude of Flux modulation signal quickly cross peak value saltus step
To a new amplitude, the working base point that then magnetometer is new with this amplitude proceeds measurement, when the magnetic flux in superconducting ring
The component belonging to surveyed magnetic field in amount is crossed or is cancelled feedback, then during away from magnetic flux corresponding to Flux modulation signal peak
Magnetometer with survey changes of magnetic field direction do not change in the case of the amplitude cancelling the Flux modulation signal stabilization moment after feedback be
New working base point proceeds to measure；
Operating point negative transfer method, that is, when the amplitude of Flux modulation signal is close to peak value, to one fixation of SQUID feedback compensation
Less than Φ0/ 2 and magnetic flux that polarity is in opposite direction with changes of magnetic field, make the amplitude of Flux modulation signal be rapidly directed away from peak value and jump
Change to a new amplitude, the working base point that then magnetometer is new with this amplitude proceeds to measure, when the magnetic in superconducting ring
The component belonging to surveyed magnetic field in flux is crossed or is cancelled feedback during away from magnetic flux corresponding to Flux modulation signal peak, and
Afterwards magnetometer with survey changes of magnetic field direction do not change in the case of the amplitude cancelling the Flux modulation signal stabilization moment after feedback
Proceed to measure for new working base point；
C, during Flux modulation signal is nursed one's health, by judging the Flux modulation in adjacent feedback procedure twice
Whether the polarity of signal is identical, or whether the Flux modulation signal in feedback procedure peak value and carry out detecting flex point.
4. the method determining changes of magnetic field direction according to the operating point transfer method counter type superconduction magnetometer described in claim 3,
It is characterized in that：The magnetic flux in superconducting ring described in step b is the state value being exported according to state detection module (7), to anti-
Present and do not feed back two states and counted respectively, Flux modulation signal when feedback states are not changed is acquired and converts
Become corresponding magnetic flux value, by the sum of products of the count value of feedback states and corresponding feedback states corresponding flux change amount
It is added with the magnetic flux value gathering and converting, just obtain current flux change amount, concrete formula is as follows：
In formula：BXBy the flux change amount in the unit area in current survey magnetic field；
S is the area of superconducting ring, is obtained by SQUID technical manual；
± operator depend on magnetic field change direction, magnetic field increase for+, magnetic field is reduced to；
K is V- Φ slope of a curve, i.e. the ratio of Flux modulation signal voltage difference and corresponding flux change amount, and collection starts
Before can be obtained by measurement, its absolute value is definite value, and polarity can determine according to the output signal of state detection module；
Φ1For definite value, in the case that surveyed changes of magnetic field direction is constant, start superconduction between feedback next time from cancelling to feed back to
The changing value of magnetic flux in ring, i.e. the corresponding flux change amount of non-feedback procedure；
Φ2For definite value, in the case that surveyed changes of magnetic field direction is constant, in superconducting ring between feedback starts to feedback to terminate
The changing value of magnetic flux, i.e. feedback procedure corresponding flux change amount；
N1After starting for measurement, Φ1Change number, computational methods are as follows：When feedback starts, judge in non-feedback procedure
Whether the change direction in surveyed magnetic field changes, if changes of magnetic field direction changes, N1Value is constant；If changes of magnetic field direction does not change
Become then N1Value ± 1, ± identical with the change direction in magnetic field；
N2After starting for measurement, Φ2Change number, computational methods are as follows：When cancelling feedback, judge institute in feedback procedure
Whether the change direction surveying magnetic field changes, if changes of magnetic field direction changes, N2Value is constant；If changes of magnetic field direction does not change
Then N2Value ± 1, ± identical with the change direction in magnetic field；
VPFlux modulation signal voltage value when the feedback states change for feedback module and Flux modulation signal stabilization, that is, above-mentioned
Measurement basic point；
VXMagnitude of voltage for acquisition system collection point.
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| CN104330754B (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2017-09-19 | 北京美尔斯通科技发展股份有限公司 | Superconduction weak magnetic signal detects magnetometer |
| CN105372606B (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2018-03-02 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | The flux quantum counting device and method of a kind of no dead time |
| CN106772141A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-05-31 | 中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所 | Industrial frequency noise squelch device based on SQUID magnetometers |
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