CN103743573A - Method for boiler real-time on-line monitoring-based measurement of optimum work efficiency of generator set - Google Patents
Method for boiler real-time on-line monitoring-based measurement of optimum work efficiency of generator set Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for boiler real-time on-line monitoring-based measurement of an optimum work efficiency of a generator set. The method comprises the following steps: step one, measuring a percentage of an oxygen component in smoke during product exporting; measuring one of a supply quantity of coal of a coal pulverizing system during product exporting, a total air volume during product exporting, and a gas volume during product exporting and measuring a primary air volume of the coal pulverizing system and inlet and outlet temperatures of a coal mill; step two, according to the measurement results, solving one of a boiler combustion heat release amount, a coal heating value, and a coal quality component by an empirical equation so as to obtain real-time monitoring measurement data of the coal electric burning boiler performance; and step three, on the basis of different coal qualities and environment parameters during set running, determining whether the power supplying coal consumption of the set on the combination condition is the minimum one for different loads. The provided method has the following beneficial effect: deviation of the heating value and the coal quality component due to the time-lag effect caused by the water-steam system heat accumulation can be avoided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of measuring genset optimum working efficiency that monitors, more specifically, it relates to a kind of method of measuring genset optimum working efficiency that monitors based on boiler real-time online.
Background technology
The world today, the energy is day by day deficient, environmental pollution is on the rise, and in accelerate development regenerative resource, should more pay attention to the energy-saving and cost-reducing work of traditional industry.Fuel-burning power plant be electricity power enterprise be also simultaneously power consumption enterprise, how to improve thermal power plant performance driving economy, reduce the hot subject that energy loss and pollutant emission have become domestic and international research.Thermal power plant's operation optimizing system demonstrates its importance as instructing power plant to optimize operation day by day to improve the function of the efficiency of genset.
The thermal power plant's operation optimizing system having used at present, is to be mainly calculated as basis with operation Parameter On-line monitoring, heat-economy, determines the impact on economy of operating states of the units and equipment performance; By further equipment state and operational factor being analyzed, application optimization method is set up mathematical model, provides optimization operation instruction, for operations staff, adjusts unit operation, to reach the object that improves unit operation efficiency, reduces production costs.These systems are applied in actual set, to improving the performance driving economy of unit, play an important role.
But boiler is a system that has accumulation of heat, input and output thermal equilibrium process has compared with long delay, when input thermal change, variable quantity is only embodied in the variation of accumulation of heat immediately, the heat of output changes with the variation of accumulation of heat, therefore, because the free constant of accumulation of heat can not change immediately, but can produce, may reach delaying of more than ten minute.In addition, when unit load is adjusted, adjustment process is subject to the restriction of load changing rate, time may reach tens of minutes, in this process, boiler load is all the time in the middle of the process in rising or declining, its input, quantity of heat given up and accumulation of heat are also changing, and amount of stored heat, not in equilibrium state, exists obvious deviation between input, output.Meanwhile, in genset operational process, the adjustment of load and therrmodynamic system continues to carry out, and the thermal equilibrium of therrmodynamic system itself be a continuous continuous dynamic process.Therefore, boiler input and output heat Balance Calculation, directly adopt and using the coal combustion heat release of boiler and input heat as boiler, equal the method for boiler loss and steam heat outputting sum, equaled to ignore the variation of the amount of stored heat of boiler, can cause in actual applications result of calculation to have all the time method error, when load adjustment, this deviation is even more serious.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome deficiency of the prior art, provide a kind of realization under dynamic condition, calculate exactly boiler efficiency, reflect rapidly and accurately the variation of ature of coal, comprise the method that genset optimum working efficiency is measured in the boiler supervision based on boiler real-time online of the calculating of caloric receptivity in real time that realizes.
This method of measuring genset optimum working efficiency that monitors based on boiler real-time online, mainly comprises the following steps:
Step 2, according to described measurement result, solves the thermal value of boiler combustion thermal discharge, coal and one of them in coal elemental composition by empirical equation, thereby obtains the real time monitoring measurement data of coal electric boiler performance.
Step 3 different ature of coal and environmental parameter during according to unit operation, for different loads, whether the net coal consumption rate that judges unit under this combination condition is minimum value, if minimum value, adopt fuzzy reasoning method to judge that whether main operational factor is at normal value, or have certain out-of-limit but do not affect unit and normally move, if above-mentioned condition meets, the optimum operating condition under this combination condition using this operating mode.
As preferably: described step 1 is measured coal-supplying amount, total blast volume and exhaust gas volumn.
As preferably: described step 1 is measured exhaust gas volumn, and the CO that measures flue gas
2and H
2o composition, calculates CO
2and H
2the flow of O, and according to the C of unit, the thermal value of H element burning and the relation between coal combustion thermal value, calculate burning thermal discharge.
As preferably: described step 1 is measured exhaust gas volumn, calculate the exhaust gas volumn that Actual combustion reacts and generates, and according to the approximation relation between amount of theoretical flue gas and thermal value, calculate thermal value or the representative amount using amount of theoretical flue gas as burning thermal discharge.
As preferably: described step 1 is measured total blast volume, and calculating the actual air capacity reacting is theoretical air requirement, and calculate thermal value by the approximation relation between theoretical air requirement and thermal value.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: avoided the heat that causes due to time-lag effect that boiler circuit accumulation of heat causes and the deviation of coal elemental composition.Contained much by different variablees and the different embodiment constituting of setting constant.Make full use of the measurement of the total amount of boiler process, formed and be conducive to realize the basic framework of reliable monitoring result.Increase the constraint of the flow variables such as air quantity or flue gas, can quite effectively realize the monitoring of the thermal value of boiler combustion heat, coal.At a lot of genset, there is no flue gas CO
2and/or H
2under the condition of O measuring point, utilize pulverized coal preparation system to calculate the moisture of coal, solve the problem that second aspect present invention be can not determine coal elemental composition (especially oxygen divide, moisture and ash content).By the method, not only can realize the guidance of set optimization operation, by the automatic of automatic control system instruction, more should more can realize the parameter automatic optimal of unit with the adjusting of automatic control system, thereby improve the efficiency of operating condition and raising genset boiler and the steam turbine of unit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is model curve schematic diagram of the present invention;
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described further.Although the present invention is described in connection with preferred embodiment, should know, do not represent to limit the invention in described embodiment.On the contrary, the present invention is by alternative, modified and the equivalent contained in the scope of the present invention that can be included in attached claims restriction.
In coal electric boiler performance real-time online control survey method of the present invention, as long as the O of flue gas when measurement products derives
2composition and total blast volume while deriving of coal-supplying amount, the product of the pulverized coal preparation system of measurement products while deriving and the exhaust gas volumn in material output procedure in one of, and according to above-mentioned measurement result and do not use boiler quantity of heat given up as measured value, set up corresponding empirical equation or system of equations, by solving the thermal value of boiler combustion heat, its representative amount, coal and coal elemental composition one of at least, just can obtain the Real-time Monitoring Data of line supervision for coal boiler efficiency.
The present invention has adopted the measuring-signal of the product input/output procedure of boiler, and this signal reflection real-time status, accuracy, stability, reliability etc. are still to have possible deficiency, but can take solution targetedly for different signals.For critical data, realize higher signal redundancy.For example, can increase the quantity of flue gas measuring point.
The present invention is intended to realize the performance index such as quick, real-time measurement ature of coal, Combustion Operation of Boilers, boiler caloric receptivity, different from the object (measuring the emission level of pollutant) of traditional flue gas discharge continuous monitoring system CEMS, for the real-time that guarantees that Gas Parameters is measured, the smoke components measurement mechanism that employing is directly measured in flue, avoids the time delay bringing because extracting the measuring method of sampling; In order to guarantee real-time representativeness, preferably adopt probe measurement smoke components and flow velocity through flue pattern.
The quantity of heat given up that adopts the present invention to obtain, to steam turbine circulation heat, be that boiler quantity of heat given up is revised, obtain more accurate boiler caloric receptivity, with this boiler caloric receptivity, replace original boiler quantity of heat given up, in the process of method of applying international application for a patent for invention PCT/CN2005/000243, monitoring result can either guarantee real-time and the validity in system adjustment, wave process, can guarantee long-term reliability and accuracy again.So the application that can combine with the method for international application for a patent for invention PCT/CN2005/000243, and by the system calibrating under steady state conditions, realize the calibration to relevant measuring point.
Concrete technical scheme is: the shared number percent of oxygen composition in flue gas when measurement products derives; The exhaust gas volumn when total blast volume when quantity delivered of the coal of pulverized coal preparation system when measurement products derives, product are derived, product are derived both one of, and primary air flow and the coal pulverizer gateway temperature of measuring pulverized coal preparation system;
Concrete technical scheme is: the shared number percent of oxygen composition in flue gas when measurement products derives; The exhaust gas volumn when total blast volume when quantity delivered of the coal of pulverized coal preparation system when measurement products derives, product are derived, product are derived both one of, and primary air flow and the coal pulverizer gateway temperature of measuring pulverized coal preparation system;
According to described measurement result, by application experience equation solution boiler combustion thermal discharge, the thermal value of coal and one of them in coal elemental composition, thereby finally obtain the real time monitoring measurement data of coal electric boiler performance.
Described empirical equation is:
The O of actual measurement boiler smoke
2the corresponding expression formula that the composition that has coal obtaining represents:
V
gy=(V
gy 0+ (α-1) V
gk 0), V wherein
gh 0for considering mechanical uncompleted burned carbon, the dry air amount that the theory of calculating with fired basis elemental composition is burnt required, V
gy 0for considering mechanical uncompleted burned carbon, the dry flue gas amount that the theory burning of calculating with fired basis elemental composition produces;
V
gy 0=0.0889C
ar+0.03331S
ar+0.2094H
ar+0.008N
ar
The CO of actual measurement boiler smoke
2the corresponding expression formula that the composition that has coal obtaining represents:
CO
2+SO
2+O
2=21-β(CO
2+SO
2)-(0.605+β)CO
β=2.35(H
ar-0.1260
ar+0.038N
ar)/(C
ar-C
ub+0.375S
ar)
The corresponding expression formula that the composition that has coal that the CO of actual measurement boiler smoke obtains represents:
α=21/ (21-79 (O
2-0.5CO)/(100-(CO
2+ SO
2+ CO+O
2))), wherein α is the excess air factor ratio of the dry air amount of calculating with actual after-flame carbon (total air with);
The corresponding expression formula that the composition that has coal that actual measurement boiler fly ash carbon containing measures represents
V
gk 0=0.0889)(C
ar+0.375S
ar)+0.265H
ar-0.03330
ar-0.0889C
ub；
The H of actual measurement boiler smoke
2the corresponding expression formula that 0 composition that has coal obtaining represents
H2O=V
H2O/(V
H2O+V
gy)
V
H2O=0.0124M
ar+0.1118H
ar+0.0161αV
gk 0。
Wherein said measuring process is measured coal-supplying amount, total blast volume and exhaust gas volumn.
Wherein said measuring process is measured exhaust gas volumn, and the CO that also measures flue gas
2and H
2o composition, calculates CO
2and H
2the flow of O, and according to the C of unit, the thermal value of H element burning and the approximation relation between coal combustion thermal value, calculate burning thermal discharge.
Wherein said measuring process is measured exhaust gas volumn, and calculating the Actual combustion exhaust gas volumn generating that reacts is amount of theoretical flue gas, and according to the approximation relation between amount of theoretical flue gas and thermal value, calculates thermal value or the representative amount using amount of theoretical flue gas as burning thermal discharge.
Wherein said measuring process is measured total blast volume, and calculating the actual air capacity reacting is theoretical air requirement, and calculates thermal value by the approximation relation between theoretical air requirement and thermal value, or the representative amount using theoretical air requirement as burning thermal discharge.
Article is once from optimizing mode decision desired value below, and it comprises under Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and fuzzy decision from optimizing model.
About Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, apply exactly FUZZY SET APPROACH TO ENVIRONMENTAL by the involved factor of object is carried out to single decision-making, then the situation of comprehensive various aspects, provides aggregate decision of this object.
The mathematical model of Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is comprised of three key elements, and its step is divided into four steps:
(1) set of factors U={u
1, u
2... u
n, passed judgment on the set of each factor composition of object;
(2) judgement collection (evaluating collection or resolution collection) V={v
1, v
2... v
m, the set that comment forms;
(3) single factor judgement, to single factor u
i(i=1 ..., judge n), obtains the fuzzy set (r on V
i1, r
i2... r
im),, so it is a FUZZY MAPPING from U to V.
FUZZY MAPPING f can determine a fuzzy relation R ∈ μ
n * m, be called Judgement Matrix.
(4) comprehensively pass judgment on.For weight A={a
1, a
2... a
n, wherein get max-min compose operation, use model M (∧, ∨) to calculate, can obtain comprehensive evaluation result B=A ο R, result of calculation can demonstrate the optimal value of object.
About under fuzzy decision from optimizing model, have following approach.
(1) set of factors U={ coal consumption, main steaming temperature, main steam pressure, then hot temperature, smoke evacuation temperature, unburned carbon in flue dust ... circulating water temperature }, each factor that the power plant of being passed judgment on need to investigate is all enumerated in set of factors, forms a sets of factors.
(2) judgement collection V={ is excellent, good, in, poor }, each factor of operation result has in good and differs from four evaluation indexes.
(3) single factor judgement.The feature that can have according to discussion object is in actual applications selected to determine the subordinate function of object.Pass through the economy of monitored parameter itself and the security consideration of unit equipment herein and select subordinate function separately.
The present invention lists single factor judgment models of several factors:
Fig. 1 a figure is the simple element evaluation model of coal consumption factor, and α is expressed as optimum coal consumption, and when operation coal consumption is while being less than optimum coal consumption, its judgement collection is for excellent, while being greater than optimum coal consumption, according to its be greater than optimum coal consumption number determine that its judgement collects.Its mathematical model is:
Fig. 1 b figure represents is main steamings temperature, main steam pressure, the model of hot temperature again, and α is expressed as optimal value, and specifically numerical value is design load proposed above.Figure about the α numerical value left and right sides in Fig. 1 b is also asymmetric, main consideration reason is that the major effect bringing after this three's runtime value is lower than design load is that economy reduces, do not have equipment dangerous, so changing slope relatively relaxes, when this three's runtime value can jeopardize the safety of equipment during higher than design load, so what adopt when setting up model is the half side model in the osculant right side of normal distribution.In the time of in unit operation arrives such region, judgement collection evaluation index is low, directly has influence on overall performance examination.Its mathematical model is formula:
That Fig. 1 c figure represents is the simple element evaluation model of circulating water temperature, in the figure α
1, α
2the circulating water temperature optimal value that represents respectively two seasons of summer in winter, when the judgement collection of computation cycles water temperature, consider that different function calculating judgement collection is chosen in the impact in its season.Its mathematical model is formula:
What Fig. 1 d figure represented is the model of exhaust gas temperature.The too low meeting of exhaust gas temperature causes low temperature heating surface corrosion, and excess Temperature can increase heat loss due to exhaust gas.Exhaust gas temperature is at α
2, α
3between time, its judgement set representations is excellent, in both sides, according to result of calculation, determines that its judgement collects.Its mathematics computing model:
In above-mentioned four equations, x is expressed as the instantaneous value of each factor in unit operation, calculates the A (x) that can obtain under corresponding by each self-corresponding equation.Comprehensive various factors is considered, by ten parts of ordinate from 0 to 1 deciles, is followed successively by from down to up 0., 0.1,0.2 ... 0.9,1, get 0.9 to 1 for the figure of merit, 0.7 to 0.9 is good value, and 0.4 to 0.7 is intermediate value, and 0 to 0.4 is low value.In A (x) drops on corresponding one-parameter determination range, be, its corresponding one-parameter type is 1, and all the other are 0.Example A (x)=0.75, the meaning of its expression be exactly these data in a good running status, the judgement collection of this factor is { 0,1,0,0}.
Comprehensive six factor of judgment of four kinds of models above, draw their Judgement Matrix, as follows:
(4) comprehensively pass judgment on.In Fuzzy Synthetic Decision, weight is vital, and it has reflected the status that each factor is occupied in decision making package process or the effect that rises to obtain, and directly has influence on the result of decision making package, normally provides by rule of thumb now weight.By considering the impact of each factor economy of unit, security, environment, to provide its weight be A={0.2,0.1,0.1,0.1,0.08,0.08 ... 0.05}.
By calculating B=A ο R, draw the operation result evaluation of this unit, compare with the optimal result evaluation that internal system has been stored, higher than optimal result evaluation, replace, lower than optimal result evaluation, keep original optimal result evaluation.
Claims (5)
1. based on boiler real-time online, monitor a method of measuring genset optimum working efficiency, it is characterized in that: mainly comprise the following steps:
Step 1, the shared number percent of oxygen composition in flue gas when measurement products derives; The thrin of the exhaust gas volumn when total blast volume when quantity delivered of the coal of pulverized coal preparation system when measurement products derives, product are derived, product are derived, and primary air flow and the coal pulverizer gateway temperature of measuring pulverized coal preparation system;
Step 2, according to described measurement result, solves the thermal value of boiler combustion thermal discharge, coal and one of them in coal elemental composition by empirical equation, thereby obtains the real time monitoring measurement data of coal electric boiler performance;
Step 3 different ature of coal and environmental parameter during according to unit operation, for different loads, whether the net coal consumption rate that judges unit under this combination condition is minimum value, if minimum value, adopt fuzzy reasoning method to judge that whether main operational factor is at normal value, or have certain out-of-limit but do not affect unit and normally move, if above-mentioned condition meets, the optimum operating condition under this combination condition using this operating mode.
2. the method for measuring genset optimum working efficiency that monitors based on boiler real-time online according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 1 is measured coal-supplying amount, total blast volume and exhaust gas volumn.
3. the method for measuring genset optimum working efficiency that monitors based on boiler real-time online according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 1 is measured exhaust gas volumn, and the CO that measures flue gas
2and H
2o composition, calculates CO
2and H
2the flow of O, and according to the C of unit, the thermal value of H element burning and the relation between coal combustion thermal value, calculate burning thermal discharge.
4. method that monitor to measure genset optimum working efficiency based on boiler real-time online according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 1 is measured exhaust gas volumn, calculate the exhaust gas volumn that Actual combustion reacts and generates, and according to the approximation relation between amount of theoretical flue gas and thermal value, calculate thermal value or the representative amount using amount of theoretical flue gas as burning thermal discharge.
5. method that monitor to measure genset optimum working efficiency based on boiler real-time online according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described step 1 is measured total blast volume, calculating the actual air capacity reacting is theoretical air requirement, and calculates thermal value by the approximation relation between theoretical air requirement and thermal value.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN108492399A (en) * | 2018-02-11 | 2018-09-04 | 山东大学 | Bull-dozer fault diagnosis expert system for diesel engine based on big data analysis and method |
| CN109655489A (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2019-04-19 | 国电科学技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of metering method and device of coal unit standard coal consumption |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20140423 |
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| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |