CN103737451B - The emery wheel original position automatic shaping grinding and milling processing method of off-axis aspheric surface speculum - Google Patents
The emery wheel original position automatic shaping grinding and milling processing method of off-axis aspheric surface speculum Download PDFInfo
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- CN103737451B CN103737451B CN201410008405.XA CN201410008405A CN103737451B CN 103737451 B CN103737451 B CN 103737451B CN 201410008405 A CN201410008405 A CN 201410008405A CN 103737451 B CN103737451 B CN 103737451B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B13/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B13/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
- B24B13/005—Blocking means, chucks or the like; Alignment devices
- B24B13/0055—Positioning of lenses; Marking of lenses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B13/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding or polishing optical surfaces on lenses or surfaces of similar shape on other work; Accessories therefor
- B24B13/01—Specific tools, e.g. bowl-like; Production, dressing or fastening of these tools
- B24B13/012—Specific tools, e.g. bowl-like; Production, dressing or fastening of these tools conformable in shape to the optical surface, e.g. by fluid pressure acting on an elastic membrane
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
Abstract
The emery wheel original position automatic shaping grinding and milling processing method of off-axis aspheric surface speculum, relate to the advanced manufacture field of Space Optical System, solve the problem that the working (machining) efficiency of existing single-point inclined shaft method for grinding existence is lower, the method is: set up off-axis aspheric surface speculum CAD analytic modell analytical model; Calculate processing residence time and the machining path of the current grinding points of cambered surface wheel face; Calculate wheel face current grinding points and change that the cambered surface emery wheel Z axis caused is current follows the variable quantity of coordinate in Z-direction; Make post processing program file and be converted into 5-shaft linkage numerical control procedure; Workpiece is fixed on the center of five-axis linkage machine tools turntable, swings processing by the 5-shaft linkage numerical control procedure auxiliary cambered surface emery wheel of ultrasonic wave vibration.The present invention is by cambered surface emery wheel low speed reciprocally swinging, and make wheel face each point all participate in grinding, abrasion of grinding wheel total amount homogenizing, to whole emery wheel cambered surface, achieves cambered surface emery wheel original position automatic shaping and conformal function, and cost is low, the process-cycle is short.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Space Optical System advanced manufacturing technology field, be specifically related to a kind of emery wheel original position automatic shaping grinding and milling processing method of off-axis aspheric surface speculum.
Background technology
Space camera refers to earth orbital motion and undertakes the space flight remote sensing of optical imaging device of the tasks such as detecting, survey of deep space over the ground, its core parts are multi-disc superhigh precision speculums, carborundum (SiC) is the ideal material making speculum, compared with the reflecting mirror materials such as devitrified glass (Zerodur), zero expansion glass (ULE), along with the continuous increase of speculum bore, the performance advantage of carborundum (SiC) is further obvious, is expected to the preferred material becoming future space camera speculum.But carborundum (SiC) is the superhard fragile material being only second to diamond and cubic boron nitride (CBN); when adopting traditional milling-grinding equipment and processes carborundum (SiC); material removing rate is low; abrasion of grinding wheel acutely causes that workpiece face shape error is large, surface quality is poor, and the finishing of emery wheel frequent shutdown causes working (machining) efficiency low.
Emery wheel restoring on line technology (ELID) can realize the online dressing of emery wheel, but has been difficult to the online shaping of complex profile emery wheel.Publication number is a kind of electric spark shaving method that the Chinese patent of CN101310927 discloses non-conductive anchoring agent diamond grinding wheel, a kind of sticking brush is close at boart boart wheel surface, during this brush of diamond wheel grinding, brush evenly applies one deck conductive powder film at diamond surface, at boart boart wheel surface compositing conducting layer, thus set up the discharging condition of electric spark shaving emery wheel, realize the non-conductive anchoring agent diamond grinding wheel of electric spark shaving.
A kind of Aspheric Ultra-precision Turning single-point grinding and form error compensation technique ([J] mechanical engineering journal, 46th volume the 23rd phase, 186-191) disclose a kind of single-point inclined shaft method for grinding of aspherical module, as shown in Figure 1, discoid emery wheel is while feeding along the x-axis direction, also swing in xOz plane around grinding points, surface of the work normal vector and discoid emery wheel axis is made to remain fixed angle (45 °), no matter how surface of the work changes, grinding points is all by the seamed edge firmly controlled at discoid emery wheel, the milling precision of large steepness high-order curved surface can be obtained, but discoid abrasion of grinding wheel is concentrated in the method, sub-fraction face shape error can be eliminated by means of in site measurement and error compensation, but processing experience shows, with the increase of aperture of workpiece, the number of times of error compensation processing is also corresponding to be increased, when processing 1 meter of bore silicon carbide mirror, repeatedly need compensate processing, working (machining) efficiency reduces, add man-hour when carrying out milling by workpiece best-fit sphere, the face shape error PV value of acquisition will be greater than 1200 μm, and the margin of error large like this must rely on follow-up precise finiss to remove, and increases workload, seriously reduces working (machining) efficiency.
Summary of the invention
In order to the problem that the working (machining) efficiency solving the existence of existing single-point inclined shaft method for grinding is lower, the invention provides a kind of emery wheel original position automatic shaping grinding and milling processing method of off-axis aspheric surface speculum.
The technical scheme that the present invention adopts for technical solution problem is as follows:
The emery wheel original position automatic shaping grinding and milling processing method of off-axis aspheric surface speculum, the five-axis linkage machine tools with ultrasonic wave vibration secondary process function realizes, and condition and the step of the method are as follows:
Step one, three-dimensional graphics software is adopted to set up the CAD analytic modell analytical model of off-axis aspheric surface speculum;
Step 2, face graphic data, cambered surface wheel face shape parameter and machining path according to surface of the work, solve the current spatial pose of cambered surface emery wheel axis and Z axis is current follows coordinate, then calculate the processing residence time of the current grinding points of cambered surface wheel face by processing Dwell time algorithm and machining path planning;
Step 3, the face graphic data of the surface of the work of in site measurement and the cloud data that extracts from CAD analytic modell analytical model to be compared, choose suitable machining path by processing residence time artificial intelligence apportion design;
Step 4, according to the swing speed of cambered surface emery wheel of setting and scope, cambered surface emery wheel is driven to realize swinging processing by machine tool chief axis, calculate cambered surface wheel face current grinding points and change that the cambered surface emery wheel Z axis caused is current follows the variable quantity of coordinate in Z-direction, and this variable quantity is fed back in above-mentioned machining path file;
The post processing program file of step 5, making five-axis linkage machine tools, and be translated into 5-shaft linkage numerical control procedure;
Step 6, workpiece is fixed on the center of five-axis linkage machine tools turntable, the geometric center on its surface overlaps with the pivot of turntable, process according to 5-shaft linkage numerical control procedure, adopt the auxiliary cambered surface emery wheel of ultrasonic wave vibration to realize swinging milling processing simultaneously, adjust the angle between the normal at surface of the work grinding points place and the axis of cambered surface emery wheel in process at any time, and adopt water base cooling fluid to carry out cast-type cooling.
A kind of nonopiate lathe with 45 degree of inclination yaws that described five-axis linkage machine tools adopts German DMG company to produce.
Described workpiece is the off-axis aspheric surface speculum of preprocessing, and the material of described off-axis aspheric surface speculum is silicon carbide reaction-sintered.
Described cambered surface emery wheel obtains after the side of major diameter disc-shaped resin binding agent sand wheel being shaped to oval or parabola shaped cambered surface.
In step 5, the making of described post processing program file and the generation of 5-shaft linkage numerical control procedure adopt the postpositive disposal software I CAM-POST of ICAM company to realize.
Before carrying out step 6, further comprising the steps of: to adopt NC simulation emultion software VERICUT to set up numerical control Virtual Manufacturing Environment, virtual manufacture emulation is carried out to worked out 5-shaft linkage numerical control procedure, realized cutting and owe to cut inspection, prevent the generation of lathe collision, overtravel accident.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the present invention adopts cambered surface emery wheel (as arc surface, elliptical arc surface, parabolic cambered surface), in process, by the low speed reciprocally swinging of cambered surface emery wheel, the current grinding points of ACTIVE CONTROL swings along the periodic reverse of cambered surface emery wheel cambered surface, cambered surface wheel face each point is made all to participate in grinding, break away from the situation that the current grinding points passive type of existing wheel face follows the change of surface of the work normal vector, cambered surface abrasion of grinding wheel total amount homogenizing is to the cambered surface of whole cambered surface emery wheel, the shape of Long-Time Service lower camber side emery wheel also can not change, thus achieve cambered surface emery wheel original position automatic shaping and conformal function.
2, method of the present invention is without the need to additional any mechanical device, and without the need to stopping process, cambered surface grinding wheel dressing cost is down to minimum, significantly shortens the milling process-cycle of off-axis aspheric surface speculum simultaneously.
3, in the present invention, the workpiece face shape error caused by cambered surface emery wheel sharp wear significantly reduces, and can realize the time processing without the need to error compensation and reach the requirement of surface figure accuracy index.
4, in the present invention, because the pointwise of grinding points in cambered surface emery wheel cambered surface substitutes successively, the Cooling and Lubricator state of grinding area is greatly improved, and reduces grinding force and current grinding points temperature, significantly reduce the wear extent of cambered surface emery wheel, reduce or stop the generation of cambered surface emery wheel burning problems.
5, the five-axis linkage machine tools that the present invention uses is equipped with ultrasonic chief axis and ultrasonic vibration generator handle of a knife, under ultrasonic vibration effect, improve the automatic dressing of cambered surface emery wheel on the one hand, reduce grinding force on the other hand, compensate for the deficiency that five-axis linkage machine tools rigidity is lower to a certain extent.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the single-point inclined shaft method for grinding of existing a kind of aspherical module;
Fig. 2 swings by cambered surface emery wheel the schematic diagram realizing the emery wheel original position automatic shaping grinding and milling processing method of off-axis aspheric surface speculum of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the distribution map of finished surface face shape error of the off-axis aspheric surface speculum after the emery wheel original position automatic shaping grinding and milling processing method processing adopting off-axis aspheric surface speculum of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
The emery wheel original position automatic shaping grinding and milling processing method of off-axis aspheric surface speculum of the present invention, the five-axis linkage machine tools with ultrasonic wave vibration secondary process function realizes, and actual conditions and the step of the method are as follows:
Step one, making cambered surface emery wheel
Select major diameter disc-shaped resin binding agent sand wheel, its side is shaped to oval or parabola shaped cambered surface, obtains cambered surface emery wheel.
Step 2, set up the CAD analytic modell analytical model of off-axis aspheric surface speculum
According to parameter and the geometric sense parameter thereof of the off-axis aspheric surface speculum of optical design, three-dimensional graphics software is adopted accurately to set up the CAD analytic modell analytical model of off-axis aspheric surface speculum;
This CAD analytic modell analytical model is the geometry time-varying model that contact area changes along machining locus with curvature of curved surface, in conjunction with milling-grinding process parameter, sets up the grinding points movement locus model of processing off-axis aspheric surface.
The processing residence time of step 3, the current grinding points of calculating cambered surface wheel face
In the present invention, the material of the off-axis aspheric surface speculum of required processing is silicon carbide reaction-sintered (RB-SiC);
According to the face graphic data on the off-axis aspheric surface reflecting mirror material surface of preprocessing, cambered surface wheel face shape parameter and machining path, solve cambered surface emery wheel axis current spatial pose and Z axis is current follows coordinate, and pass through the processing residence time of processing Dwell time algorithm and the current grinding points of machining path planning calculating cambered surface wheel face, promote cambered surface wheel face pointwise accurate automatic shaping ability successively.
Step 4, utilize Computer aided building technology (CAM) generate and optimizing machining technology path
The face graphic data on the off-axis aspheric surface reflecting mirror material surface of the preprocessing of in site measurement and the cloud data extracted from CAD analytic modell analytical model are compared, the process characteristic of processing is swung again according to cambered surface emery wheel, be that cambered surface emery wheel original position automatic shaping in milling process chooses suitable machining path by processing residence time artificial intelligence distribution method, rational Choice and process path type and type of drive, can improve the crudy uniformity on milling surface.
Step 5, calculate cambered surface wheel face current grinding points and change that the cambered surface emery wheel Z axis caused is current follows the variable quantity of coordinate in Z-direction.
Adopt the five-axis linkage machine tools that German DMG company (DMG) is produced, it is a kind of nonopiate lathe with 45 degree of inclination yaws, these 45 degree of inclination yaws are nonstandard configuration, such benefit is the swing grinding mode that can realize cambered surface emery wheel in processing, is different from traditional orthogonal grinding method;
According to the cambered surface emery wheel swing speed preset and scope, cambered surface emery wheel is driven to realize swinging processing by machine tool chief axis, calculate cambered surface wheel face current grinding points and change that the cambered surface emery wheel Z axis caused is current follows the variable quantity of coordinate in Z-direction, and this variable quantity is fed back in the machining path file in step 4, realize the form error that cambered surface emery wheel swings and don't introduces finished surface.
Step 6, making post processing program file, generate 5-shaft linkage numerical control procedure
Adopt the postpositive disposal software I CAM-POST of internationally famous ICAM company, being developed the post processing program file of five-axis linkage machine tools by programming in conjunction with actual condition, can be the high-quality 5-shaft linkage numerical control procedure (XYZBC) that this lathe can correctly perform by the post processing program file translations of generation fast;
Adopt NC simulation emultion software VERICUT to set up numerical control Virtual Manufacturing Environment, virtual manufacture emulation is carried out to worked out 5-shaft linkage numerical control procedure, realized cutting and owe to cut inspection, and prevented the generation of the accidents such as lathe collision, overtravel.
Step 7, processing
The off-axis aspheric surface reflecting mirror material of preprocessing is placed in the center of the turntable of five-axis linkage machine tools, and the geometric center on its surface is overlapped with the pivot of turntable, then fix, process according to the generation 5-shaft linkage numerical control procedure designed, adopt the auxiliary cambered surface emery wheel of ultrasonic wave vibration to swing milling processing mode simultaneously, in process, adjust the normal at off-axis aspheric surface reflecting mirror material surfacing point place of preprocessing and the angle of the axis of cambered surface emery wheel at any time, adopt water base cooling fluid to carry out cast-type cooling simultaneously;
The arrangement method of the off-axis aspheric surface reflecting mirror material of the preprocessing set up is placed in turntable center, different from the existing method being placed in off-axis position, although cambered surface abrasion of grinding wheel but do not cause the change of cambered surface grinding wheel shape, realize the original position automatic shaping of cambered surface emery wheel.
Step 8, finished surface shape error measuring
Adopt above-mentioned patented method, the reaction-sintering SIC off-axis aspheric surface speculum of processing diameter 1350mm, after machining, swing arm contourgraph is adopted to measure the face shape error of off-axis aspheric surface speculum, measurement result as shown in Figure 3, surface figure accuracy PV value (peak-to-valley value) after processing is 34.8 μm, and RMS value (root mean square) is 4.9 μm.
Claims (6)
1. the emery wheel original position automatic shaping grinding and milling processing method of off-axis aspheric surface speculum, is characterized in that, the five-axis linkage machine tools with ultrasonic wave vibration secondary process function realizes, and condition and the step of the method are as follows:
Step one, three-dimensional graphics software is adopted to set up the CAD analytic modell analytical model of off-axis aspheric surface speculum;
Step 2, face graphic data, cambered surface wheel face shape parameter and machining path according to surface of the work, solve the current spatial pose of cambered surface emery wheel axis and Z axis is current follows coordinate, then calculate the processing residence time of the current grinding points of cambered surface wheel face by processing Dwell time algorithm and machining path planning;
Step 3, the face graphic data of the surface of the work of in site measurement and the cloud data that extracts from CAD analytic modell analytical model to be compared, choose suitable machining path by processing residence time artificial intelligence apportion design;
Step 4, according to the swing speed of cambered surface emery wheel of setting and scope, cambered surface emery wheel is driven to realize swinging processing by machine tool chief axis, calculate cambered surface wheel face current grinding points and change that the cambered surface emery wheel Z axis caused is current follows the variable quantity of coordinate in Z-direction, and this variable quantity is fed back in above-mentioned machining path;
The post processing program file of step 5, making five-axis linkage machine tools, and be translated into 5-shaft linkage numerical control procedure;
Step 6, workpiece is fixed on the center of five-axis linkage machine tools turntable, the geometric center on its surface overlaps with the pivot of turntable, process according to 5-shaft linkage numerical control procedure, adopt the auxiliary cambered surface emery wheel of ultrasonic wave vibration to realize swinging milling processing simultaneously, adjust the angle between the normal at surface of the work grinding points place and the axis of cambered surface emery wheel in process at any time, and adopt water base cooling fluid to carry out cast-type cooling.
2. grinding and milling processing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, a kind of nonopiate lathe with 45 degree of inclination yaws that described five-axis linkage machine tools adopts German DMG company to produce.
3. grinding and milling processing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described workpiece is the off-axis aspheric surface speculum of preprocessing, and the material of described off-axis aspheric surface speculum is silicon carbide reaction-sintered.
4. grinding and milling processing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described cambered surface emery wheel obtains after the side of major diameter disc-shaped resin binding agent sand wheel being shaped to oval or parabola shaped cambered surface.
5. grinding and milling processing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 5, the making of described post processing program file and the generation of 5-shaft linkage numerical control procedure adopt the postpositive disposal software I CAM-POST of ICAM company to realize.
6. grinding and milling processing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, before carrying out step 6, further comprising the steps of: to adopt NC simulation emultion software VERICUT to set up numerical control Virtual Manufacturing Environment, virtual manufacture emulation is carried out to worked out 5-shaft linkage numerical control procedure, realized cutting and owe to cut inspection, prevented the generation of lathe collision, overtravel accident.
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| CN105171535A (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2015-12-23 | 四川九洲电器集团有限责任公司 | Mirror finishing method |
| CN105290916A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-02-03 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Ultra-precise grinding head and using method thereof |
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| CN110347963B (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2023-07-07 | 上海理工大学 | Method for calculating minimum reciprocating feeding times of micro-milling and grinding combined machining |
| CN111390652A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-07-10 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Preparation method of off-axis aspheric silicon carbide reflector |
| CN111390653A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-07-10 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Preparation method of off-axis aspheric silicon carbide lightweight reflector |
| CN112091778A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-12-18 | 南京迈得特光学有限公司 | Single-point grinding process for bullet type aspheric surface die |
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