CN103732914A - Method of operating wind turbine and controller thereof - Google Patents

Method of operating wind turbine and controller thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103732914A
CN103732914A CN201180072938.9A CN201180072938A CN103732914A CN 103732914 A CN103732914 A CN 103732914A CN 201180072938 A CN201180072938 A CN 201180072938A CN 103732914 A CN103732914 A CN 103732914A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
wind turbine
wind
vane angle
output power
rotor speed
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Granted
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CN201180072938.9A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN103732914B (en
Inventor
Z·张
Y·孙
G·李
J·林
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Vestas Wind Systems AS
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Vestas Wind Systems AS
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Publication of CN103732914A publication Critical patent/CN103732914A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/028—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power
    • F03D7/0284—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power in relation to the state of the electric grid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0276—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling rotor speed, e.g. variable speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
    • F05B2270/101—Purpose of the control system to control rotational speed (n)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
    • F05B2270/103—Purpose of the control system to affect the output of the engine
    • F05B2270/1033—Power (if explicitly mentioned)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/32—Wind speeds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/328—Blade pitch angle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/335—Output power or torque
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/337—Electrical grid status parameters, e.g. voltage, frequency or power demand
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

A method of operating a wind turbine (100) is provided. The wind turbine (100) comprises a rotor (130) having a plurality of blades (140), wherein the pitch of each blade (140) is variable. The method comprises decreasing the power output of the wind turbine (100) by a predefined amount by increasing the rotational speed of the rotor (130) to a predetermined rotor speed, determining if the predetermined rotor speed exceeds a maximum rotor speed, and if the predetermined rotor speed exceeds the maximum rotor speed, limiting the rotational speed of the rotor (130) to the maximum rotor speed and decreasing the power output of the wind turbine (100) by varying the pitch of at least one of the plurality of blades (140).

Description

Method of functioning of aerogenerator and controller thereof
Technical field
Present invention relates in general to a kind ofly for operating the method for wind turbine, and relate to particularly a kind of method that reduces the output power of wind turbine based on wind speed pattern.
Background technique
Wind turbine be a kind of energy conversion system its kinetic energy is converted to electric energy for utility network.Particularly, be incident to the rotor that wind on the blade of wind turbine generator (WTG) causes WTG.The mechanical energy of rotor is converted to electric energy by generator then.The wind turbine that a type of constant frequency power is provided is fixed speed wind turbine.Such wind turbine need to be with the generator amature of constant speed rotation.The wind turbine of another type is variable speed wind turbine.Such wind turbine allows generator with variable velocity, to rotate to adapt to the wind speed of fluctuation.
Wind turbine is conventionally in MPPT(MPPT maximum power point tracking) turn round on curve, to extract wind energy as much as possible.Yet the wind turbine turning round under peak output does not have any frequency adjustment surplus.Therefore some electrical network code requirement wind power plants are with certain standby surplus (lower adjusting power percentage) running, to support frequency adjustment.For example in Spain's electrical network standard, require 1.5% standby surplus.A kind of common mode with certain standby surplus running in wind power plant is that a part of wind turbine is disconnected from electrical network.Yet this running causes frequent starting and the shutdown of wind turbine, thus and the life-span of reducing wind turbine components.
Make wind power plant's power (adjusting power under wind turbine) running to reduce with the one or more wind turbines in the another kind of mode Shi Shi wind power plant of certain standby surplus running.In other words, wind turbine is transferred to suboptimum operating point from MPPT, causes the output power reducing being produced by turbo machine.Wind turbine can be by means of controlling rotor speed or the lower adjusting power by means of the vane angle of control blade.
Summary of the invention
According to a first aspect of the invention, provide a kind of method that operates wind turbine.Wind turbine comprises the rotor with a plurality of blades, and wherein the vane angle of each blade is variable.Described method comprises the output power that reduces wind turbine by means of rotor speed is increased to predetermined spinner velocity with prearranging quatity, determine whether predetermined spinner velocity surpasses maximum rotor speed, and in the situation that predetermined spinner velocity surpasses maximum rotor speed, by rotor speed be limited to maximum rotor speed and by means of change in described a plurality of blades at least one vane angle and reduce the output power of wind turbine.
According to a second aspect of the invention, provide a kind of method that operates wind turbine.Wind turbine comprises the rotor with a plurality of blades, and wherein the vane angle of each blade is variable.Described method comprises definite wind speed, based on wind speed, determine wind speed pattern, wind speed pattern comprises the first wind speed pattern and the second wind speed pattern, in the situation that being defined as the first wind speed pattern, by means of rotor speed is increased to predetermined spinner velocity, with prearranging quatity, reduce the output power of wind turbine, and in the situation that being defined as the second wind speed pattern by means of change in described a plurality of blades at least one vane angle and with prearranging quatity, reduce the output power of wind turbine.
According to a third aspect of the invention we, provide a kind of for controlling the controller of wind turbine running.Wind turbine comprises a plurality of blades, and wherein the vane angle of each blade is variable.Described controller comprises: be suitable for based on wind speed determine wind speed pattern wind speed pattern determining unit, be suitable for the wind speed mode decision benchmark spinner velocity based on being determined hypervelocity control unit, be suitable for producing power reference based on benchmark spinner velocity for controlling the power controller of rotor speed and being suitable for producing vane angle benchmark based on benchmark spinner velocity for controlling at least one the vane angle controller of vane angle of described a plurality of blades.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In conjunction with non-limiting example and accompanying drawing consideration in the situation that, with reference to describing in detail, will be better understood the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows the general structure of wind turbine.
Fig. 2 shows the electrical system layout according to the wind turbine of a mode of execution.
Fig. 3 shows the wind turbine power-spinner velocity curve for different wind speed.
Fig. 4 has shown the different wind speed patterns according to a mode of execution.
Fig. 5 shows according to the controller of a mode of execution.
Figure 6 – 8 show and according to a mode of execution, in different wind speed patterns, operate the analog result of wind turbine.
Embodiment
Hereinafter, with reference to embodiments of the present invention.Yet, should be understood that, the invention is not restricted to specifically described mode of execution.Relatively, no matter whether any combination of following characteristics and key element, relate to different mode of executions, is all included into and considers to implement and put into practice the present invention.
Moreover, in various mode of executions, the invention provides a plurality of advantages compared with prior art.Yet although embodiments of the present invention can realize the advantage of comparing with other possibility solution and/or prior art, whether specific advantages is realized not as restriction of the present invention by given mode of execution.Thereby following aspect, feature, mode of execution and advantage are only key element or restrictions displaying property and that be not considered as claims, unless in one or more claims special declaration.Similarly, " the present invention " of mentioning should not be interpreted as the summary for any subject matter disclosed herein, and should not be considered to key element or the restriction of claims, unless in one or more claims special declaration.
Method is according to a first aspect of the invention suitable for using in having the wind turbine of rotor.Rotor is rotatable and has one or more blades thereon.The vane angle of each blade can change.In other words, blade can be along its longitudinal axis rotation, so that its angle with respect to wind changes.The prearranging quatity of the output power that will be reduced can be the lower adjusting power percentage by certain electric net regulation and stipulation.It can also be stipulated by operator or wind field owner.The output power of wind turbine reduces with prearranging quatity by means of rotor speed is increased to predetermined spinner velocity.Predetermined spinner velocity is corresponding to the output power being reduced of wind turbine.Next determine whether the spinner velocity being increased surpasses maximum rotor speed.Maximum rotor speed can be set as spinner velocity upper safety limit, surpasses the excessive risk that described spinner velocity upper safety limit exists damage wind turbine components.
When definite predetermined spinner velocity surpasses maximum rotor speed, predetermined spinner velocity is restricted to maximum rotor speed.Particularly, rotor speed is set to maximum rotor speed, although predetermined spinner velocity is greater than maximum rotor speed.Because rotor speed can not increase to predetermined spinner velocity, cause the output power of wind turbine with prearranging quatity, not reduce, so output power reduce by means of changing the vane angle of one or more blades.
The method according to this invention is to coordinate spinner velocity control and vane angle control, to reduce the output power of wind turbine or the adjusting power that turned round down.In this collaborative controlling method, priority is given to control for reducing the spinner velocity of output power.When spinner velocity increases, the risk of damage wind turbine components also increases.Therefore, maximum rotor speed is generally set as preventing that spinner velocity from surpassing maximum rotor speed, and the risk of components damage is maintained at acceptable level thus.When output power can reduce with prearranging quatity by means of increase spinner velocity in the situation that being no more than maximum rotor speed, output power is controlled and is reduced or lower by spinner velocity.When yet the increase of spinner velocity can not reduce output power with prearranging quatity completely (owing to surpassing maximum rotor speed), vane angle is controlled and is used to reduce output power with prearranging quatity.
By spinner velocity, control the advantage that reduces output power and be, control and compare with vane angle, output power can reduce very fast, because spinner velocity is controlled based on power electric device.In addition, the frequent change oar of blade on vane angle is controlled causes the mechanical wear of wind turbine components, especially pitch variable bearings.By means of collaborative controlling method according to the present invention, the advantage that spinner velocity is controlled is maintained, and the shortcoming that vane angle is controlled is maintained at minimum degree, because vane angle is only controlled at spinner velocity, controls can not reduce output power with prearranging quatity completely time and uses.
According to a mode of execution, the vane angle that changes one or more blades comprises to reduce the output power of wind turbine the vane angle that increases one or more blades.Along with vane angle increases, the energy obtaining from wind still less.Therefore, output power also reduces.
According to a mode of execution, described method also comprises the frequency departure detecting in the load that is connected to wind turbine, and the output power that increases wind turbine corresponding to frequency departure.The load that is connected to wind turbine can be power transmission electric network.Frequency at load or electrical network place is monitored.At frequency departure, specified or reference frequency in the situation that, the output power of wind turbine increases.Frequency departure is depended in the increase of output power.Therefore, this mode of execution is supported frequency adjustment.In another embodiment, frequency departure comprises that frequency declines from rated frequency.
According to a mode of execution, the output power that increases wind turbine comprises: determine whether rotor speed is less than maximum rotor speed, in the situation that rotor speed is less than maximum rotor speed, by means of reducing rotor speed, increase wind turbine output power and rotor speed in maximum rotor speed in the situation that by means of change in described a plurality of blades at least one vane angle or by means of reduce rotor speed and change in described a plurality of blade at least one vane angle both and increase the output power of wind turbine.
In the situation that rotor speed is less than maximum rotor speed, the output power that wind turbine is controlled to be reduced by spinner velocity turns round.Therefore, output power also can be controlled by means of spinner velocity (that is, reducing rotor speed) and increase.In rotor speed in maximum rotor speed in the situation that, wind turbine can be controlled or be turned round with the output power being reduced by spinner velocity is controlled and vane angle is controlled combination by vane angle.Therefore, output power is controlled by means of vane angle or is increased by means of the combination of spinner velocity control and vane angle control.
According to a mode of execution, the vane angle that changes one or more blades comprises to increase the output power of wind turbine the vane angle that reduces one or more blades.Along with vane angle reduces, the energy obtaining from wind is more.Therefore, output power also increases.
Method is according to a second aspect of the invention determined wind speed, and determines it is to turn round in the first wind speed pattern or in the second wind speed pattern based on wind speed.Based on wind speed pattern, adopt control strategy.Particularly, in the first wind speed pattern, the output power of wind turbine is controlled with prearranging quatity and is reduced by spinner velocity.In the second wind speed pattern, the output power of wind turbine is controlled with prearranging quatity and is reduced by vane angle.
According to a mode of execution, wind speed pattern also comprises the 3rd wind speed pattern, and in the situation that being defined as the 3rd wind speed pattern based on wind speed, the output power of wind turbine by means of rotor speed is increased to maximum rotor speed and change in described a plurality of blade at least one vane angle and reduce.Particularly, in the 3rd wind speed pattern, the output power of wind turbine controls by spinner velocity and vane angle is controlled both and reduced with prearranging quatity.Spinner velocity is restricted to maximum rotor speed.
According to a mode of execution, the first wind speed pattern comprises a region, and wherein the rotor speed corresponding with the output power of the wind turbine reducing with prearranging quatity is equal to or less than maximum rotor speed.In other words, cause the spinner velocity being increased that the output power of wind turbine reduces with prearranging quatity to be no more than maximum rotor speed.In this region, wind turbine controls by spinner velocity and lower adjusting power (being for example adjusted downward to the specified level by electrical network regulation and stipulation).
According to a mode of execution, the second wind speed pattern comprises a region, and wherein the rotor speed corresponding with the output power of maximum wind power turbo machine is greater than maximum rotor speed.Rotor speed for output peak output has surpassed maximum rotor speed.Therefore in this region, output power can not reduce by means of further increasing spinner velocity, and vane angle is controlled for reducing output power with prearranging quatity or by adjusting power under wind turbine.
According to a mode of execution, the 3rd wind speed pattern comprises a region, wherein the rotor speed corresponding with the output power of the wind turbine reducing with prearranging quatity is greater than maximum rotor speed, and the rotor speed corresponding with the output power of maximum wind power turbo machine is equal to or less than maximum rotor speed.The 3rd wind speed pattern is corresponding to the region between the first wind speed pattern and the second wind speed pattern.In this region, spinner velocity is controlled and vane angle control both for prearranging quatity by adjusting power under wind turbine.
According to a mode of execution, the vane angle that changes one or more blades comprises to reduce the output power of wind turbine the vane angle that increases one or more blades.
According to a mode of execution, described method also comprises: the output power that detects the frequency departure in the load that is connected to wind turbine and increase wind turbine corresponding to frequency departure.
According to a mode of execution, the output power that increases wind turbine comprises: in the first wind speed pattern, reduce rotor speed, in the second wind speed pattern, change in described a plurality of blade at least one vane angle and in the 3rd wind speed pattern, reduce rotor speed and change at least one the vane angle in described a plurality of blade.
According to a mode of execution, the vane angle that changes one or more blades comprises to increase the output power of wind turbine the vane angle that reduces one or more blades.
As previously mentioned, in the first wind speed pattern, wind turbine is lower adjusting power by means of increasing spinner velocity.Therefore, reduce spinner velocity to increase the output power of wind turbine.In the second wind speed pattern, wind turbine is lower adjusting power by means of the vane angle of the one or more blades of change.Therefore, use vane angle to control to increase the output power of wind turbine.In the 3rd wind speed pattern, wind turbine is by means of spinner velocity being increased to maximum rotor speed and changing vane angle both and the lower adjusting power of one or more blades.Therefore, spinner velocity reduces and the vane angle of one or more blades changes to increase the output power of wind turbine from maximum rotor speed.
If find out from above mode of execution, give spinner velocity and control the priority that is greater than vane angle control.Can by spinner velocity, control in the scheme of the output power of lowering wind turbine, output power reduces by means of increasing spinner velocity.When reaching maximum rotor speed, next use vane angle to control.This minimizes the use that vane angle is controlled, and reduces thus bearing in wind turbine and the mechanical wear of other parts, causes the life of wind turbine.
According to a third aspect of the invention we, provide a kind of controller, it controls the running of wind turbine for the method according to describing aspect of the present invention first and second.Described controller comprises: be suitable for based on wind speed determine wind speed pattern wind speed pattern determining unit, be suitable for the wind speed mode decision benchmark spinner velocity based on being determined hypervelocity control unit, be suitable for producing power reference based on benchmark spinner velocity for controlling the power controller of rotor speed and being suitable for producing vane angle benchmark based on benchmark spinner velocity for controlling at least one the vane angle controller of vane angle of described a plurality of blades.
Wind speed pattern determining unit, hypervelocity control unit, power controller and vane angle controller only refer to the logic element of controller.In the independent controller unit of these logic elements in can the different piece in a physical controller unit or in being physically positioned at wind turbine.Controller unit can pass through computer, microprocessor, PLC(programmable logic array) etc. realization.It should be noted that, vane angle controller only starts in the second wind speed pattern and the 3rd wind speed pattern.
Following content is the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention described in the accompanying drawings.Mode of execution be embodiment and with details like this clearly to express the present invention.Yet the amount of the details providing has no intention to limit the expection variation of mode of execution; And relatively, be intended that and cover all remodeling, equivalent and the alternative falling in the spirit and scope of the present invention that limit as appended claim.
Fig. 1 has shown the exemplary wind turbine 100 according to a mode of execution.As shown in Figure 1, wind turbine 100 comprises pylon 110, cabin 120 and rotor 130.In one embodiment, wind turbine 100 can be land wind turbine.Yet embodiments of the present invention are not limited only to land wind turbine.In alternate embodiments, wind turbine 100 can be the offshore wind turbines being positioned on water body (such as, such as lake, ocean etc.).The pylon 110 of this offshore wind turbines is arranged on sea bed or is arranged on the platform that is stable at top, Shang Huo sea level, sea level.
The pylon 110 of wind turbine 100 can be configured to cabin 120 and rotor 130 to be promoted to and to make height powerful, less turbulent flow and that uncrossed Air Flow can be received by rotor 130 substantially.The height of pylon 110 can be any rational height, and should consider the length of the wind turbine blade extending from rotor 130.Pylon 110 can be made by any types of material (such as steel, concrete etc.).In some embodiments, pylon 110 can be made by single piece of material.Yet in alternate embodiments, pylon 110 can comprise a plurality of sections, for example, two or more tubular steel sections 111 and 112, as shown in Figure 1.In some embodiments of the present invention, pylon 110 can be trellis pylon.Therefore, pylon 110 can comprise Weldable Steel section bar.
Rotor 130 can comprise that rotor hub (being simply called hereinafter " wheel hub ") 132 and at least one blade 140(figure 1 illustrates three this blades 140).Rotor hub 132 can be configured at least one blade 140 to be coupled to axostylus axostyle (not shown).In one embodiment, blade 140 can have aerodynamic profile, thereby makes under predetermined wind speed, and blade 140 stands to promote, thereby causes blade shroud radially to rotate around wheel hub.Wheel hub 140 also comprises mechanism's (not shown) of the amount of the wind energy of being caught by blade 140 with increase or reduction for the vane angle of adjusting vane 140.Becoming oar regulates wind to the angle of blade 140.Also possibly the vane angle of blade 140 can not regulate.
Wheel hub 132 is conventionally around the substantially horizontal axis rotation along extend to the live axle (not shown) in cabin 120 from wheel hub 132.Live axle is coupled to the one or more parts in cabin 120 conventionally, and described component configuration becomes the rotating energy of axostylus axostyle is converted to electric energy.
Although wind turbine shown in Figure 1 100 has three blades 140, should be noted that, wind turbine can have the blade of varying number.Conventionally can find the wind turbine with two to four blades.Wind turbine 100 shown in Figure 1 is horizontal axis type wind turbine (HAWT), because rotor 130 rotates around horizontal axis.It should be noted that, rotor 130 can rotate around vertical axis.Make its rotor be known as vertical shaft-type wind turbine (VAWT) around this wind turbine of vertical axis rotation.The mode of execution of describing is after this not limited to have the HAWT of 3 blades.It can realize in HAWT and VAWT, and in rotor 130, can have any amount of blade 140.
Fig. 2 shows according to the electrical system of the wind turbine of a mode of execution.Described electrical system comprises double-fed induction generator 201, power converter 202 and main transformer 203.The staor winding 210 of generator 201 is connected to electrical network 207 by transformer 203, and rotor winding 211 is connected to power converter 202, and described power converter is connected to electrical network 207 by transformer 203 then.Generator 201 is converted to electric energy or electric power by mechanical energy.Described electric energy or electric power are supplied with on staor winding 210, next by transformer 203, are supplied to electrical network 207.Power converter 202 is controlled the running of generator 201 by rotor winding 211.
Wind turbine also comprise power controller 220 for the running of power ratio control transducer 202, for control blade 140 vane angle vane angle controller 221 and for the turbo machine controller 222 of the running of power ratio control controller 220 and vane angle controller 221.As will after description in see, turbo machine controller 222 can be sent to indication power controller 220 to control rotor speeds 130 via power converter 202.Turbo machine controller 222 can also be sent to indication vane angle controller 221 to control the vane angle of blade 140.
It should be noted that, Fig. 2 is only the schematic diagram of the electrical system in wind turbine, wherein only shows common parts.Electrical system can comprise such as generator side filter, sensor, pre-charge circuit etc. of other parts.In another embodiment, can use permanent-magnet type generator, wherein the output power on the staor winding of generator was changed by power converter before being supplied to electrical network via turbo machine transformer.In this embodiment, in generator, there is not rotor winding.
Fig. 3 shows the power-spinner velocity curve for different wind speed of wind turbine.For each curve 310, there is the maximum point corresponding with peak output at a spinner velocity place, be also referred to as MPPT(maximum power point tracking).Runic curve 300 shows the MPPT for all wind speed.In the left side of MPPT curve 300 and the bold line on right side the 301, the 302nd, the 90% suboptimum curve based on owing speed running.Yet left side curve 301 is unstable and less desirable, and use thus the suboptimum curve 302 on right side.
In the embodiment that the spinner velocity of 90% suboptimum running place under wind speed 9m/s is controlled, wind turbine is originally at the running of A point place and generation active-power P 0.When the frequency at electrical network place declines with specified quantitative, expectation be the increase of output power Δ P.Therefore, operating point moves to D point from A point.At D point place, spinner velocity reduces and output power is now P0+ Δ P.The peak output that can produce under wind speed 9m/s is in a C place.
Determining of different wind speed patterns now will be shown with reference to Fig. 4.Three wind speed patterns have been defined, i.e. low wind speed pattern, apoplexy fast mode and high wind speed pattern.Fig. 4 shows the power-spinner velocity curve for different wind speed of wind turbine.Similarly, show MPPT curve 300 and 90% suboptimum curve 302.The maximum rotor speed definition of wind turbine is 1.2p.u..For by adjusting power to 90% under wind turbine, low wind speed mode-definition is that spinner velocity is controlled the region that can realize 90% suboptimum running in the situation that being no more than maximum rotor speed.This is corresponding to the C point in Fig. 4.In other words, at wind speed, be 9.6m/s or lower in the situation that, be defined as low wind speed pattern.
In low wind speed pattern, lower adjusting power is controlled, by means of increasing spinner velocity, is realized particularly by means of spinner velocity.Vane angle is controlled not to be needed to start with by adjusting power under wind turbine.Therefore, vane angle can be fixed to zero degree or minimum angle.In event when mains frequency declines, wind turbine can be by means of being controlled, increased its output power and support frequency to decline particularly by reducing spinner velocity by spinner velocity.
Apoplexy fast mode is defined as spinner velocity and controls and can not realize the region that 90% suboptimum running and the spinner velocity at MPPT place are no more than maximum rotor speed completely.In Fig. 4, this is corresponding to the wind speed that is greater than 9.6m/s and is less than or equal to 11.8m/s.In middle fast mode, due to maximum rotor speed restriction, therefore can not only by means of spinner velocity, control and the lower adjusting power of realization.Wind speed is (being depicted as the curve 330 in Fig. 4) in the embodiment of 10.7m/s, and 90% suboptimum operation point is depicted as D point.Can find out, the spinner velocity that D is ordered is greater than maximum rotor speed 1.2p.u..Therefore, spinner velocity can not increase to D point, but reaches the upper limit at the maximum rotor speed place at F point place.For output power being further reduced to the desired level at A point place, use vane angle to control.Particularly, thus vane angle increases and to make power be decreased to A point from F point.
When the frequency of occurrences declines in electrical network, require output power to increase Δ P.Additional output power Δ P realizes by means of reducing spinner velocity and vane angle.Because used spinner velocity to control and vane angle is controlled both, so dotted line is followed from A point to E point in control path, (or in the situation of the more power of needs down to B point).At E point place, spinner velocity is decreased to ω from 1.2p.u. e.ω ecan estimate by triangle theorem:
ω B - ω E ω B - ω A = P B - P E P B - P A - - - ( 1 )
ω wherein b(=ω mPPT) be the optimal velocity at B point place, P b(=P mPPT) be the optimal power at B point place, P ap mPPT90%, P e=P a+ Δ P=0.9P+ Δ P, and ω b=1.2p.u..Therefore, obtain following formula:
ω ref = ω E = 1.2 + ΔP 0.1 P MPPT ( ω MPPT - 1.2 ) - - - ( 2 )
Therefore for secondary power Δ P is provided, spinner velocity increases to ω eand reduce vane angle simultaneously for this reason.
High wind speed pattern is defined in the spinner velocity at MPPT place over the region of maximum rotor speed.This is corresponding to the wind speed that is greater than 11.8m/s.In high wind speed pattern, can not be by means of increasing spinner velocity by adjusting power under turbo machine, because reached maximum rotor speed.Therefore, spinner velocity reaches the upper limit at maximum rotor speed 1.2p.u place, and turbo machine is controlled and lower adjusting power by means of vane angle.Particularly, vane angle increases to reduce the output power of wind turbine.In event when mains frequency declines, wind turbine can be by means of being controlled, increased its output power and support frequency to decline particularly by means of reducing vane angle by vane angle.
Can find out from foregoing power-spinner velocity curve that the region of wind speed pattern is located by the different wind speed at wind turbine and standby surplus (amount of lower adjusting power) and determining.Power-spinner velocity curve is generally provided or is provided in General provisions by turbo machine MANUFACTURER.Standby surplus is conventionally set by power grid operation business or is set in electrical network standard.Therefore when having obtained power-spinner velocity curve and standby surplus, can determine zones of different.Therefore,, based on wind speed, can be identified for supporting the different wind speed patterns of the frequency adjustment of electrical network.
Fig. 5 shows for implementing according to the controller of the method for a mode of execution.Described controller comprises wind speed pattern determining unit 501, hypervelocity control unit 502, vane angle controller 503 and spinner velocity controller 504.Air speed data and standby surplus are configured to the input of wind speed pattern determining unit 501 and hypervelocity control unit 502.Vane angle controller 503 produces vane angle benchmark β for regulating the vane angle of the blade of wind turbine.Power controller 504 produces power reference P refto regulate spinner velocity and to regulate thus the output power of wind turbine.
Based on wind speed and standby surplus, wind speed pattern determining unit 501 determines that wind speed pattern is used for adjusting power under wind turbine.Hypervelocity control unit 502 is determined benchmark rotor speed omega reffor regulating spinner velocity by power controller 504.During apoplexy fast mode and high wind speed pattern, benchmark rotor speed omega refin maximum rotor speed, and vane angle controller 503 starts with according to ω refregulation output power.During low wind speed pattern (when current spinner velocity is less than maximum rotor speed), vane angle controller 503 does not start.
In one embodiment, spinner velocity controller 504 comprises PI(proportional integral) controller and generation power reference P refrunning for power ratio control transducer.In electrical network, during frequency of occurrences deviation, can need the corresponding variation in output power Δ P.According to a mode of execution, this output power Δ P can be configured to the input of power controller 504.
Fig. 6-8 show and according to a mode of execution, in different wind speed patterns, operate the analog result of wind turbine.Fig. 6 shows the analog result while operating wind turbine in the first wind speed pattern.In (a) of Fig. 6, frequency is shown and declines in approximately t=11s place generation.In response to this, spinner velocity as reduce as shown at (d) and output power as increased and reach steady state from its initial power as shown at (b).In this first wind speed pattern, vane angle, as remained unchanged as shown at (c), does not start because vane angle is controlled.
Fig. 7 shows the analog result while operating wind turbine in the second wind speed pattern.In (a) of Fig. 7, frequency is shown and declines in approximately t=10s place generation.In response to this, vane angle and spinner velocity both reduce (respectively referring to (c) and (d)).Therefore, output power is as increased as shown at (b).
Fig. 8 shows the analog result while operating wind turbine in the 3rd wind speed pattern.In (a) of Fig. 8, frequency is shown and declines in approximately t=10.5s place generation.In response to this, vane angle as reduce as shown at (c) and output power as increased as shown at (b).In this 3rd wind speed pattern rotor speed as remained unchanged at maximum rotor speed 1.2p.u. place as shown at (d).
It should be emphasized that, mode of execution described above is possible embodiment, and it is listed just to clear understanding principle of the present invention.Those of skill in the art can make multiple variant and remodeling for one or more mode of executions described above, and described variant and remodeling are suitable for being included in the scope of following claim at this.

Claims (15)

1. operate a method for wind turbine, described wind turbine comprises the rotor with a plurality of blades, and wherein the vane angle of each blade is variable, and described method comprises:
-by means of being increased to predetermined spinner velocity, rotor speed reduces the output power of wind turbine with prearranging quatity;
-determine whether predetermined spinner velocity surpasses maximum rotor speed; And
-in the situation that predetermined spinner velocity surpasses maximum rotor speed, by rotor speed be limited to maximum rotor speed and by means of change in described a plurality of blades at least one vane angle and reduce the output power of wind turbine.
2. method according to claim 1, at least one the vane angle wherein changing in described a plurality of blade comprises to reduce the output power of wind turbine at least one the vane angle increasing in described a plurality of blades.
3. according to the method described in any one in claim 1 or 2, also comprise:
The frequency departure of-detection in the load that is connected to wind turbine; And
-corresponding to frequency departure, increase the output power of wind turbine.
4. method according to claim 3, the output power that wherein increases wind turbine comprises:
-determine whether rotor speed is less than maximum rotor speed;
-in the situation that rotor speed is less than maximum rotor speed, by means of reducing rotor speed, increase the output power of wind turbine; And
-in rotor speed in maximum rotor speed in the situation that, by means of change in described a plurality of blades at least one vane angle or by means of reduce rotor speed and change in described a plurality of blade at least one vane angle both and increase the output power of wind turbine.
5. method according to claim 4, at least one the vane angle wherein changing in described a plurality of blade comprises to increase the output power of wind turbine the vane angle that reduces blade.
6. operate a method for wind turbine, described wind turbine comprises the rotor with a plurality of blades, and wherein the vane angle of each blade is variable, and described method comprises:
-determine wind speed;
-based on wind speed, determine wind speed pattern, wind speed pattern comprises the first wind speed pattern and the second wind speed pattern;
-in the situation that being defined as the first wind speed pattern, by means of being increased to predetermined spinner velocity, rotor speed reduces the output power of wind turbine with prearranging quatity; And
-in the situation that being defined as the second wind speed pattern by means of change in described a plurality of blades at least one vane angle and with prearranging quatity, reduce the output power of wind turbine.
7. method according to claim 6, wherein wind speed pattern also comprises the 3rd wind speed pattern, and in the situation that being defined as the 3rd wind speed pattern, by means of rotor speed is increased to maximum rotor speed and change in described a plurality of blade at least one vane angle and reduce the output power of wind turbine.
8. according to the method described in any one in claim 6 or 7, wherein the first wind speed pattern comprises a region, and wherein the rotor speed corresponding with the output power of the wind turbine reducing with prearranging quatity is equal to or less than maximum rotor speed.
9. according to the method described in any one in claim 6 or 7, wherein the second wind speed pattern comprises a region, and wherein the rotor speed corresponding with the output power of maximum wind power turbo machine is greater than maximum rotor speed.
10. method according to claim 7, wherein the 3rd wind speed pattern comprises a region, and wherein the rotor speed corresponding with the output power of the wind turbine reducing with prearranging quatity is greater than maximum rotor speed and is equal to or less than maximum rotor speed with the corresponding rotor speed of the output power of maximum wind power turbo machine.
11. according to the method described in any one in claim 6 to 10, and at least one the vane angle wherein changing in described a plurality of blade comprises to reduce the output power of wind turbine the vane angle of increasing in described a plurality of blades.
12. according to the method described in any one in claim 6 to 11, also comprises:
The frequency departure of-detection in the load that is connected to wind turbine; And
-corresponding to frequency departure, increase the output power of wind turbine.
13. methods according to claim 12, the output power that wherein increases wind turbine comprises:
-in the first wind speed pattern, reduce rotor speed;
-in the second wind speed pattern, change at least one the vane angle in described a plurality of blade; And
-in the 3rd wind speed pattern, reduce rotor speed and change at least one the vane angle in described a plurality of blade.
14. methods according to claim 13, at least one the vane angle wherein changing in described a plurality of blade comprises to increase the output power of turbo machine the vane angle that reduces blade.
15. 1 kinds for controlling the controller of the running of wind turbine, and described wind turbine comprises a plurality of blades, and wherein the vane angle of each blade is variable, and described controller comprises:
Be suitable for determining based on wind speed the wind speed pattern determining unit of wind speed pattern;
Be suitable for the hypervelocity control unit of the wind speed mode decision benchmark spinner velocity based on being determined;
Be suitable for producing power reference for controlling the power controller of rotor speed based on benchmark spinner velocity; And
Be suitable for producing vane angle benchmark for controlling at least one the vane angle controller of vane angle of described a plurality of blades based on benchmark spinner velocity.
CN201180072938.9A 2011-07-21 2011-07-21 Method of functioning of aerogenerator and controller thereof Expired - Fee Related CN103732914B (en)

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