CN103732155B - 具有局部助剂涂层的外科钉 - Google Patents

具有局部助剂涂层的外科钉 Download PDF

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CN103732155B
CN103732155B CN201280039087.2A CN201280039087A CN103732155B CN 103732155 B CN103732155 B CN 103732155B CN 201280039087 A CN201280039087 A CN 201280039087A CN 103732155 B CN103732155 B CN 103732155B
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B·W·贝尔
T·A·李
M·D·奥弗迈耶
M·赛特瑟
J·A·小伍达德
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Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种医疗紧固件,所述医疗紧固件具有用于加载到外科器械中的部署前第一形状、以及用于将组织连接在一起的部署后第二形状,并且包括冠部和一对腿部,每个腿部在所述部署前第一形状中从所述冠部的相应端部基本上横向地延伸。涂层诸如止血剂被施加到由所述冠部和所述一对腿部的内表面限定的紧固件内表面。

Description

具有局部助剂涂层的外科钉
背景技术
在一些环境下,内窥镜式外科器械可优于传统的开放式外科装置,因为较小的切口可降低术后恢复时间和并发症。因此,一些内窥镜式外科器械可适于将远侧端部执行器通过套管针的管道放置在期望手术部位处。这些远侧端部执行器(例如,直线切割器、抓紧器、切割器、缝合器、施夹钳、进入装置、药物/基因治疗递送装置、以及使用超声、RF、激光等的能量递送装置)可以多种方式接合组织,以实现诊断或治疗的效果。内窥镜式外科器械可包括轴,所述轴位于端部执行器与由临床医生操纵的柄部部分之间。这种轴可允许插入到期望深度并围绕轴的纵向轴线旋转,由此有利于将端部执行器定位在患者体内。还可通过添加一个或多个关节运动接头或特征而进一步有利于端部执行器的定位,从而使得端部执行器能够选择性地进行关节运动,或者以其它方式相对于轴的纵向轴线偏转。
内窥镜式外科器械的例子包括外科缝合器。一些这样的缝合器能够操作以夹紧在组织层上,切割穿过夹紧的组织层,并驱动钉穿过组织层,以在组织层的被切断的端部附近将切断的组织层基本上密封在一起。仅仅示例性的外科缝合器公开于:1989年2月21日公布的名称为“Pocket Configuration for Internal Organ Staplers”的美国专利No.4,805,823;1995年5月16日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapler and Staple Cartridge”的美国专利No.5,415,334;1995年11月14日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapler Instrument”的美国专利No.5,465,895;1997年1月28日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapler Instrument”的美国专利No.5,597,107;1997年5月27日公布的名称为“Surgical Instrument”的美国专利No.5,632,432;1997年10月7日公布的名称为“Surgical Instrument”的美国专利No.5,673,840;1998年1月6日公布的名称为“Articulation Assembly for SurgicalInstruments”的美国专利No.5,704,534;1998年9月29日公布的名称为“SurgicalClamping Mechanism”的美国专利No.5,814,055;2005年11月15日公布的名称为“SurgicalStapling Instrument having Articulation Joint Support Plates for Supporting aFiring Bar”的美国专利No.6,964,363;2005年12月27日公布的名称为“SurgicalStapling Instrument Incorporating an E-Beam Firing Mechanism”的美国专利No.6,978,921;2006年1月24日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapling Instrument Having a SpentCartridge Lockout”的美国专利No.6,988,649;2006年2月21日公布的名称为“SurgicalStapling Instrument Having Separate Distinct Closing and Firing Systems”的美国专利No.7,000,818;2006年9月26日公布的名称为“Surgical InstrumentIncorporating an Articulation Mechanism having Rotation about theLongitudinal Axis”的美国专利No.7,111,769;2006年12月5日公布的名称为“SurgicalStapling Instrument Having a Firing Lockout for an Unclosed Anvil”的美国专利No.7,143,923;2007年12月4日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapling InstrumentIncorporating a Multi-Stroke Firing Mechanism with a FlexibleRack”的美国专利No.7,303,108;2008年5月6日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapling InstrumentIncorporating a Multistroke Firing Mechanism Having a Rotary Transmission”的美国专利No.7,367,485;2008年6月3日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapling InstrumentHaving a Single Lockout Mechanism for Prevention of Firing”的美国专利No.7,380,695;2008年6月3日公布的名称为“Articulating Surgical Stapling InstrumentIncorporating a Two-Piece E-Beam Firing Mechanism”的美国专利No.7,380,696;2008年7月29日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapling and Cutting Device”的美国专利No.7,404,508;2008年10月14日公布的名称为“Surgical Stapling Instrument havingMultistroke Firing with Opening Lockout”的美国专利No.7,434,715;2010年5月25日公布的名称为“Disposable Cartridge with Adhesive for Use with a StaplingDevice”的美国专利No.7,721,930;以及2008年11月25日公布的名称为“SurgicalInstrument with Articulating Shaft with Rigid Firing Bar Supports”的美国专利No.7,455,208。上面所引用的美国专利中的每一个的公开内容均以引用方式并入本文。虽然以上涉及的外科缝合器被描述为用于内窥镜式手术,但应当理解,此类外科缝合器也可用于开放式手术和/或其它非内窥镜式手术。
虽然已经制造和使用各种类型的外科缝合器械,但据信在本发明人之前还无人研制出或使用所附权利要求中描述的发明。
附图说明
并入本说明书并构成其一部分的附图示出了本发明的实施例,并且与上文所给出的本发明的一般说明和下文所给出的实施例的详细说明一起用于解释本发明的原理。
图1A示出了关节运动式外科器械的透视图,其中端部执行器处于非关节运动位置;
图1B示出了图1A的外科器械的透视图,其中端部执行器处于关节运动位置;
图2示出了图1A-1B的外科器械的打开的端部执行器的透视图;
图3A示出了沿图2的线3-3截取的图2的端部执行器的侧横截面图,其中击发杆处于近侧位置;
图3B示出了沿图2的线3-3截取的图2的端部执行器的侧横截面图,但是示出了击发杆处于远侧位置;
图4示出了沿图2的线4-4截取的图2的端部执行器的端部横截面图;
图5示出了图2的端部执行器的分解透视图;
图6示出了图2的端部执行器的透视图,该端部执行器定位在组织处并且已经在组织中被致动一次;
图7示出了在内表面上具有局部助剂涂层的示例性外科钉的透视图;
图8示出了沿着线8-8的图7的涂覆的钉的横截面图的第一例子;
图9示出了涂覆的钉的横截面图的第二例子;
图10示出了图7的涂覆的钉,其被驱动到压缩的组织中并且保持该压缩的组织;并且
图11示出了利用局部助剂涂料涂覆钉的内部的示例性方法的流程图。
附图并非意在以任何方式进行限制,并且可以预期本发明的各种实施例能够以多种其它方式执行,包括那些未必在附图中示出的方式。并入本说明书并构成其一部分的附图示出了本发明的若干方面,并与说明书一起用于说明本发明的原理;然而,应当理解本发明不受限于所示出的精确布置方式。
具体实施方式
本发明的某些实施例的如下描述不应被用来限制本发明的范围。通过以下举例说明设想用于实施本发明的最佳方式之一的描述,本发明的其它例子、特征、形态、实施例和优点对于本领域的技术人员而言将变得显而易见。正如将会意识到的,本发明可以是其它不同且明显的方面,只要不脱离本发明。因此,附图和说明书应被视为实质上是示例性的,而非限制性的。
I.示例性外科缝合器
图1-6示出了示例性外科缝合和切断器械10,在图1A所示的非关节运动状态下,其尺寸设定成通过套管针管道通道插入到患者的手术部位,用于执行外科手术。外科缝合和切断器械10包括连接到执行部分22的柄部部分20,该执行部分还包括轴23,该轴朝远侧终止于关节运动机构11并且在远侧附接端部执行器12。一旦关节运动机构11和远侧端部执行器12穿过套管针管道通道插入后,关节运动机构11便可通过关节运动控制器13远程地进行关节运动,如图1B所示。从而,端部执行器12可从期望的角度或为了其它原因到达器官或附近组织后面。应当理解,诸如“近侧”和“远侧”的术语在本文中是参考器械10的临床医生抓握的柄部部分20而使用的。因此,端部执行器12相对于更近侧的柄部部分20处于远侧。还应当理解,为简洁和清楚起见,本文可结合附图使用空间术语例如“竖直”和“水平”。然而,外科器械在多个取向和位置中使用,并且这些术语并非意图进行限制,也并非绝对的。
本例子的端部执行器12包括下钳口16和可枢转砧座18。柄部部分20包括手枪式握把24,由临床医生将闭合触发器26枢转地拉向手枪式握把,以使得砧座18朝向端部执行器12的下钳口16夹紧或闭合。砧座18的这种闭合通过最外侧闭合套管32提供,该闭合套管响应于闭合触发器26相对于手枪式握把24的枢转而相对于柄部部分20纵向地平移。闭合套管32的远侧闭合环33由执行部分22的框架34间接地支撑。在关节运动机构11处,闭合套管32的近侧闭合管35与远侧部分(闭合环)33连通。框架34经由关节运动机构11柔性地附接到下钳口16,使得能够在单个平面中进行关节运动。框架34还在纵向上滑动地支撑击发驱动构件(未示出),该击发驱动构件延伸穿过轴23并且将击发运动从击发触发器28传递到击发杆14。击发触发器28远离闭合触发器26的外侧,并且能够被临床医生枢转地拉动,以使得夹紧的组织在端部执行器12中被缝合和切断,如下文将更详细地描述的。然后,按下释放按钮30,以从端部执行器12释放组织。
图2-5示出了端部执行器12,其采用E形梁击发杆14来执行多个功能。如图3A-3B中最佳地示出,击发杆14包括横向取向的上部销38、击发杆顶盖44、横向取向的中部销46和处于远侧的切刃48。上部销38定位在砧座18的砧座凹坑40内并且能够在该砧座凹坑内平移。击发杆顶盖44通过使击发杆14延伸穿过通道狭槽45(如图3B所示)而可滑动地接合下钳口16的下表面,该通道狭槽形成为穿过下钳口16。中部销46可滑动地接合下钳口16的顶部表面,从而与击发杆顶盖44协作。从而,击发杆14在击发期间肯定与端部执行器12隔开,对于最小量的夹紧组织克服在砧座18与下钳口16之间可能出现的收缩,并且对于过多量的夹紧组织克服钉变形。
图2示出了朝近侧定位的击发杆14和枢转到打开位置的砧座18,从而允许未耗尽的钉仓37可移除地安装到下钳口16的通道中。如图4-5中最佳地示出,这个例子的钉仓37包括仓体70,该仓体具有上部平台72并且与下部仓托盘74联接。如图2中最佳地示出,竖直狭槽49形成为穿过钉仓37的一部分。还如图2中最佳地示出,三行钉孔51在竖直狭槽49的一侧上形成为穿过上部平台70,其中另一组三行钉孔51在竖直狭槽49的另一侧上形成为穿过上部平台70。重新参见图3-5,楔形滑动件41和多个钉驱动器43被捕集在仓体70与托盘74之间,其中楔形滑动件41被定位成邻近钉驱动器43。楔形滑动件41能够在钉仓37中纵向地运动;同时钉驱动器43能够在钉仓37中竖直地运动。钉47也被定位在仓体70中,处于对应的钉驱动器43上方。具体地,每个钉47在仓体70内被钉驱动器43竖直地驱动,以将钉47驱动而从相关的钉孔51穿出。如图3A-3B和5中最佳地示出,楔形滑动件41存在倾斜凸轮表面,当楔形滑动件41被朝远侧驱动穿过钉仓37时,该倾斜凸轮表面向上推压钉驱动器43。
利用如图3A所示地闭合的端部执行器12,通过使上部销38进入纵向砧座狭槽42,击发杆14推进至与砧座18接合。推块80位于击发杆14的远端处,并且能够接合楔形滑动件41,使得当击发杆14朝远侧推进穿过钉仓37时,楔形滑动件41被推块80朝远侧推压。在此类击发期间,击发杆14的切刃48进入钉仓37的竖直狭槽49,从而切断被夹紧在钉仓37与砧座18之间的组织。如图3A-3B所示,中部销46和推块80一起通过进入钉仓37中的击发狭槽中而致动钉仓37,从而驱动楔形滑动件41与钉驱动器43进行向上凸轮接触,该钉驱动器继而驱动钉47穿出钉孔51,而与砧座18的内表面上的钉成形凹坑53进行成形接触。图3B示出了击发杆14,其在完成切断和缝合组织之后完全朝远侧平移。
图6示出了端部执行器12,其已经通过单个行程而被致动穿过组织90。如图所示,切刃48已经切割穿过组织90,同时在切刃48形成的切割线的每一侧上,钉驱动器43已经将交替的三行钉47驱动穿过组织90。在该例子中,钉47全部取向成与切割线基本上平行,但应当理解,钉47可被定位成任何合适的取向。在本例子中,在第一行程完成之后,端部执行器12从套管针撤回,用完的钉仓37被新的钉仓取代,然后,端部执行器12再次插入穿过套管针,以到达缝合部位以用于进一步的切割和缝合。该过程可以重复,直到提供了期望量的切割和钉47。砧座18可能需要闭合,以便于通过套管针插入和撤回;砧座18可能需要打开以方便钉仓37的更换。
应当理解,在每个致动行程期间,切刃48可基本上在钉47被驱动穿过组织的同时切断组织。在本例子中,切刃48仅仅稍稍落后于钉47的驱动,使得钉47正好在切刃48穿过组织之前被驱动穿过该组织的相同区域,但应当理解,这个顺序可以颠倒,或者切刃48可以直接与相邻的钉同步。虽然图6示出了端部执行器12在组织90的两个层92、94中被致动,但应当理解,端部执行器12可被致动穿过组织90的单个层或者组织的多于两个的层92、94。还应当理解,与切刃48产生的切割线相邻的钉47的成形和定位可基本上密封该切割线处的组织,由此减少或防止切割线处的出血和/或体内其它流体泄漏。参考本文的教导内容,可以使用器械10的各种合适的设置和手术对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
应当理解,器械10可以根据以下专利文献中的任一教导内容进行构造和操作:美国专利No.4,805,823;美国专利No.5,415,334;美国专利No.5,465,895;美国专利No.5,597,107;美国专利No.5,632,432;美国专利No.5,673,840;美国专利No.5,704,534;美国专利No.5,814,055;美国专利No.6,964,363;美国专利No.6,978,921;美国专利No.6,988,649;美国专利No.7,000,818;美国专利No.7,111,769;美国专利No.7,143,923;美国专利No.7,303,108;美国专利No.7,367,485;美国专利No.7,380,695;美国专利No.7,380,696;美国专利No.7,404,508;美国专利No.7,434,715;美国专利No.7,721,930;和/或美国专利No.7,455,208。如上所述,这些专利中的每一个的公开内容均以引用方式并入本文。可提供用于器械10的其它示例性修改形式将更详细地描述于下文中。可将下述教导内容结合到器械10内的各种合适方式对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。类似地,可将下述教导内容与本文引用的专利的各种教导内容进行组合的各种合适方式对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。另外应当理解,下述教导内容并不限于本文引用的专利中教导的器械10或装置。下述教导内容可容易地应用到多种其它类型的器械,包括将不被分类为外科缝合器的器械。参考本文的教导内容,可应用下述教导内容的各种其它合适装置和设置对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
II.示例性的内部涂覆的外科钉
图7示出了示例性外科钉100,其在粗糙化内表面102上涂覆有局部助剂涂层104。外科钉100可具有三角形线材形式,如图8所示;矩形线材形式,如图9所示;或任何其它线材形式形状,如参考本文的教导内容本领域的普通技术人员将会理解的。外科钉100包括具有端部的冠部106,当钉100处于部署前第一形式时,一对腿部108中相应的腿部从各个端部基本上横向地且垂直地延伸。冠部106和该对腿部108包括选自以下材料中的至少一种的材料:铁、镍钛合金、不锈钢或钛。当然,可使用任何其它合适的材料或材料的组合。
当外科钉100被外科器械例如被器械10以上述方式驱动到组织中时,外科钉100将压缩、连接和保持此类组织,如图10所示。在图10所示的部署后第二形式中,每个腿部108朝向彼此成弓形以围绕组织90的上层的顶部表面弯曲,并且刺入到组织90的顶部表面中,同时冠部106抓持组织90的下层的底部表面,以便在钉100从器械10部署之后允许钉100的冠部106和腿部108压缩、连接和保持组织90的各层。外科钉100的内部涂层104将接触压缩的组织,并且释放到该组织上,以便例如通过用作允许血液凝结以减小外科部位出血量的止血剂来帮助修复组织。
图11中示出了形成图7的示例性钉的示例性方法。钉100的线材形式根据本领域的普通技术人员已知的方法形成(110),例如仅仅以举例的方式,2003年10月28日公布的名称为“Surgical Staple”的美国专利No.6,638,297的教导内容中的至少一些所公开的方法,该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文。钉100的线材表面的内部或内表面102通过成形砧座而被粗糙化(112),例如该砧座可以在压印过程中用来使内表面102粗糙化。作为另一个仅仅示例性的例子,中间涂层可被施加到内表面102,以提供粗糙化。例如,此类中间涂层可包括粗磨粉。参考本文的教导内容,用于这种中间涂层的合适材料对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。使内表面102粗糙化的其它方法可包括可供选择的压缩成形操作、旋转成形操作和/或碾磨操作,例如以及根据本发明的教导内容对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的其它此类金属成形方法和/或化学粗糙化方法,所有的这些方法均处于本发明的范围内。
辅助模制过程用来将糊剂注射到钉100的粗糙化的内表面102上(114)。糊剂可包括例如牛胶原糊剂或另一种助剂。例如,可使用纤维蛋白或凝血酶。此类助剂的止血能力还可有助于将此类助剂用作粘接剂和密封剂。试剂可有助于凝结手术部位处的血液,这允许这些血液周围的组织粘着在一起,并且可例如防止沿着缝合的组织部位泄漏。
此类助剂或试剂可包括但不限于医用流体或糊剂组分,其能够被施加到钉100的内表面102,然后被加热以形成干燥涂层,如下所述,该医用流体或糊剂组分为例如凝血酶、贫血小板血浆(PPP)、富血小板血浆(PRP)、淀粉、脱乙酰壳多糖、海藻酸盐、纤维蛋白、多糖、纤维素、胶原、牛胶原、明胶-间苯二酚-福尔马林粘合剂、氧化纤维素、贻贝粘合剂、聚(氨基酸)、琼脂糖、直链淀粉、透明质酸、聚羟基丁酸酯(PHB)、透明质酸、聚(乙烯基吡咯烷酮)(PVP)、聚(乙烯醇)(PVA)、聚交酯(PLA)、聚乙交酯(PGA)、聚己内酯(PCL)和它们的共聚物、(Ethicon,Inc.,Somerville,N.J.)、MONOCRYL材料、PANACRYL(Ethicon,Inc.,Somerville,N.J.)和/或适合与生物材料混合并用于损伤或缺陷部位的任何其它材料,包括材料的组合。参考本文的教导内容,可用于医用流体或糊剂中的其它适合的化合物、材料、物质等对于本领域的普通技术人员而言是显而易见的。
在一些型式中,医用流体可以悬浮在生物相容性载体中。合适的载体可包括例如生理缓冲溶液、流动性凝胶溶液、盐水和水。在凝胶溶液的情况下,组织修复组合物在递送到目标部位处之前可为可流动凝胶形式,或可以形成凝胶并且在递送到目标部位之后留在适当位置。可流动凝胶溶液可包括具有或不具有添加的水、盐水或生理缓冲溶液的一种或多种胶凝材料。合适的胶凝材料包括生物材料和合成材料。示例性胶凝材料包括以下材料:蛋白质,例如胶原、胶原凝胶、弹性蛋白、凝血酶、纤粘蛋白、明胶、纤维蛋白、原弹性蛋白、多肽、层粘连蛋白、蛋白聚糖、纤维蛋白胶、纤维蛋白凝块、富血小板血浆(PRP)凝块、贫血小板血浆(PPP)凝块、自组装肽水凝胶、基质胶或去端肽胶原;多糖,例如果胶、纤维素、氧化再生纤维素、甲壳质、脱乙酰壳多糖、琼脂糖或透明质酸;聚核苷酸,例如核糖核酸、脱氧核糖核酸;以及其它物质,例如海藻酸盐、交联海藻酸盐、聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)、聚(氧化烯)、聚(环氧乙烷)-聚(环氧丙烷)的共聚物、聚(乙烯醇)、聚丙烯酸酯或单硬脂酸甘油-共-琥珀酸酯/聚乙二醇(MGSA/PEG)共聚物;以及前述任意的组合。除了将可流动载体溶液提供给组织碎片,胶凝剂还可作为将组织修复组合物固定在目标部位的粘结剂。在一些型式中,组织修复组合物或医用流体中可包括其它粘性锚固剂。另外,一种或多种交联剂可与一种或多种胶凝剂结合使用以将胶凝剂交联。
重新参考图11,然后,包括注射糊剂的钉100被加热(116),以蒸发糊剂的溶剂,从而形成局部处于钉100的内表面102上的干燥助剂涂层104。然后,涂覆的钉100被插入到仓中(118),例如上述仓37,以用于能够将钉100驱动到组织(例如组织90,如图6所示)中的器械。虽然在这个具体例子中仅仅提供了一个涂层104,但应当理解,可提供多于一个涂层104。例如,内表面102可接收若干相同材料的涂层104和/或不同材料的不同涂层104。作为仅仅示例性的例子,内表面可接收治疗剂或凝结剂的第一涂层104;然后是保护第一涂层104的第二涂层104,第二涂层104能够在变湿的情况下破裂,以由此保护第一涂层104,直到钉100被部署在组织中。还应当理解,各层涂层104可提供生物反应可扩展性或相容性,使得残压施加(例如以纳米级)到相邻的组织。参考本文的教导内容,其它涂层104的其它合适的选择、特性和组合对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将显而易见。
在使用时,当钉100的整个表面未被涂覆涂层而是涂层104是局部的且施加到钉100的内表面102,钉100将保持直径,使得钉100将例如配合在已有的仓37的钉凹坑中,该钉凹坑还用于钉47,如上所述。另外,钉100的局部内部涂层104可有助于减小否则可能经由完全涂覆的钉导致的摩擦,这可有助于缝合形成组织以及增大将钉击发穿过组织所需的力。另外,对于本文所公开的局部内部涂层104而言,浪费可能较少。对于完全涂覆的钉,仓37与砧座18之间的接触可能例如导致钉的外表面上的涂层过早地被移除和排出到器械10上,而不是组织90上。
应当理解,本文所述的教导内容、表达方式、实施例、实例等中的任何一个或多个可与本文所述的其它教导内容、表达方式、实施例、实例等中的任何一个或多个相结合。因此下述教导内容、表达方式、实施例、实例等不应视为彼此隔离。参考本文的教导内容,其中本文的教导内容可结合的各种合适方式对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。这种修改形式和变型旨在包括在权利要求书的范围内。
上文所述的装置的型式可适用于由医学专家执行的常规医疗处理和手术中、以及可适用于机器人辅助的医疗处理和手术中。
上文所述的型式可被设计为单次使用后丢弃,或者它们可被设计为可使用多次。在上述任一种或两种情况下,都可对这些型式进行修复,以便在使用至少一次后重复使用。修复可包括以下步骤的任意组合:拆卸装置、然后清洗或更换特定部件和随后进行重新组装。具体地讲,可拆卸所述装置的一些型式,并且可选择性地以任何组合形式来更换或拆除所述装置的任意数量的特定部件或零件。在清洗和/或更换特定零件时,所述装置的一些型式可在修复设施中重新组装或者在即将进行手术前由用户重新组装以供随后使用。本领域的技术人员将会知道,修复装置时可利用多种技术进行拆卸、清洗/更换和重新组装。这些技术的使用以及所得的修复装置均在本发明的范围内。
仅以举例的方式,本文所述的型式可在手术之前和/或之后进行消毒。在一种消毒技术中,将装置置于闭合并密封的容器中,例如,置于塑料袋或TYVEK袋中。然后可将容器和装置置于可穿透该容器的例如γ辐射、X射线或高能电子等辐射的辐射场中。辐射可杀死装置上和容器中的细菌。消毒后的装置随后可存放于消毒容器中,以备以后使用。还可使用本领域已知的任何其它技术对装置消毒,所述技术包括但不限于β辐射或γ辐射、环氧乙烷或蒸汽消毒。
尽管已在本发明中示出和描述了多个型式,但本领域的普通技术人员可在不脱离本发明范围的前提下进行适当修改以对本文所述的方法和系统进行进一步改进。已经提及了若干这类潜在的修改形式,并且其它修改形式对本领域的技术人员而言将是显而易见的。例如,上文讨论的实例、型式、几何形状、材料、尺寸、比率、步骤等等均是示例性的而非必需的。因此,本发明的范围应以下面的权利要求书考虑,并且应理解为不限于说明书和附图中示出和描述的结构和操作细节。

Claims (15)

1.一种医疗紧固件,其具有用于加载到外科器械中的部署前第一形状、以及用于将组织连接在一起的部署后第二形状,所述紧固件包括:
(a)冠部,所述冠部包括一对端部;
(b)一对腿部,每个腿部在所述部署前第一形状中从所述冠部的相应端部基本上横向地延伸,其中,每个腿部包括内表面,其中,每个腿部的所述内表面是粗糙化的;
(c)冠部内表面,所述冠部内表面由所述冠部的内表面限定,其中,所述冠部的所述内表面是粗糙化的;
(d)腿部内表面,所述腿部内表面由所述一对腿部的内表面限定,其中,所述腿部内表面沿每个腿部的整个长度延伸;
(e)紧固件外表面,所述紧固件外表面由所述冠部和所述一对腿部的外表面限定;以及
(f)涂层,所述涂层包括多个层,其中,所述涂层仅被施加到所述冠部内表面和所述腿部内表面,其中所述紧固件外表面是未涂覆涂层的,其中,所述多个层包括:
(i)治疗涂层,所述治疗涂层至少部分地与所述冠部内表面和所述腿部内表面直接接触,其包括悬浮在生物相容性载体中的医用流体以及交联剂,其中,所述治疗涂层能够在所述医疗紧固件部署在组织中时释放到组织上,
(ii)保护涂层,所述保护涂层能够保护治疗涂层,直到所述紧固件被部署在组织中,其中,所述保护涂层能够在变湿的情况下破裂,以允许所述治疗涂层对患者的组织产生治疗作用,以及
(iii)中间涂层,所述中间涂层包括能够增加粗糙度的粗磨粉;
其中,所述多个层能够提供生物反应可扩展性,使得残压施加到相邻的组织。
2.根据权利要求1所述的紧固件,其中所述紧固件在所述部署前第一形状中具有大致矩形的横截面形状。
3.根据权利要求1所述的紧固件,其中所述紧固件在所述部署前第一形状中具有大致三角形的横截面形状。
4.根据权利要求1所述的紧固件,其中所述涂层包含止血剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的紧固件,其中所述涂层包含密封剂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的紧固件,其中所述涂层包含粘合剂。
7.根据权利要求1所述的紧固件,其中所述涂层包含止血剂、密封剂或粘合剂中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的紧固件,其中所述涂层包含纤维蛋白。
9.根据权利要求1所述的紧固件,其中所述涂层包含凝血酶。
10.根据权利要求1所述的紧固件,其中所述涂层包含牛胶原糊剂。
11.根据权利要求1所述的紧固件,其中所述冠部和所述一对腿部包含选自以下材料中的至少一种的材料:铁、镍钛合金、不锈钢和钛。
12.根据权利要求1所述的紧固件,其中当施加到所述紧固件内表面时,所述涂层为糊剂。
13.根据权利要求1所述的紧固件,其中在施加到所述紧固件内表面之后,所述涂层为干燥涂层。
14.根据权利要求1所述的紧固件,其中当所述医疗紧固件处于用于将组织连接在一起的所述部署后第二形状时,所述涂层能够与组织反应。
15.一种外科器械,其包括:柄部部分;轴;轴壳;击发杆;包括砧座、下钳口以及缝合和切断机构的端部执行器,所述缝合和切断机构对由所述柄部部分和所述轴产生的纵向闭合运动进行响应,所述下钳口能够当处于打开位置时接收仓,所述仓包括:
(a)外壳;
(b)多个钉,所述多个钉被设置在所述外壳中,每个钉具有用于加载到外科器械中的部署前第一形状、以及用于将组织连接在一起的部署后第二形状,每个钉包括:
(i)冠部,所述冠部包括一对端部;
(ii)一对腿部,每个腿部在所述部署前第一形状中从所述冠部的相应端部基本上横向地延伸,其中,每个腿部具有由每个腿部的宽度限定的腿部厚度;
(iii)钉内表面,所述钉内表面由所述冠部和所述一对腿部的内表面限定;
(iv)钉外表面,所述钉外表面由所述冠部和所述一对腿部的外表面限定;以及
(v)涂层,所述涂层仅被施加到所述钉内表面,其中所述钉外表面是未涂覆涂层的,其中,所述涂层包括多个层,所述多个层包括:
(i)治疗涂层,所述治疗涂层至少部分地与所述冠部内表面和所述腿部内表面直接接触,其包括悬浮在生物相容性载体中的医用流体以及交联剂,其中,所述治疗涂层能够在所述医疗紧固件部署在组织中时释放到组织上,
(ii)保护涂层,所述保护涂层能够保护治疗涂层,直到所述紧固件被部署在组织中,其中,所述保护涂层能够在变湿的情况下破裂,以允许所述治疗涂层对患者的组织产生治疗作用,以及
(iii)中间涂层,所述中间涂层包括能够增加粗糙度的粗磨粉;
其中,所述多个层能够提供生物反应可扩展性使得残压施加到相邻的组织;
其中所述缝合和切断机构能够操作以朝向所述砧座来驱动所述多个钉,以为每个钉形成所述部署后第二形状。
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CN103732155A (zh) 2014-04-16
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