CN103728136B - Bush(ing) bearing oil film dynamic stiffness on-line testing method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of bush(ing) bearing oil film dynamic stiffness on-line testing method, utilize bush(ing) bearing oil film stiffness test system, obtain oil film dynamic support power and oil film dynamic displacement respectively, bush(ing) bearing oil film dynamic stiffness is the ratio of oil film dynamic support power and oil film dynamic displacement; Described bush(ing) bearing oil film stiffness test system does not comprise oil film dynamic support force test system and oil film dynamic displacement test macro; The bush(ing) bearing oil film dynamic stiffness on-line testing method that the present invention proposes is the definition in strict accordance with dynamic stiffness, and obtained by the ratio of oil film anchorage force and dynamic displacement, without the need to any type of model simplification, measuring accuracy is high; Method of testing is adapted to all bearing arrangement forms, method of testing strong adaptability; Test macro is simple, Market goods shelf product can being adopted to build, without the need to developing special purpose test modules, being convenient to engineer applied.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of online test of dynamic parameters of ship equipment, and particularly relates to an online test technology for dynamic stiffness of a radial sliding bearing oil film in a propulsion shafting.
Background
The sliding bearing has the characteristics of large bearing capacity, stable work, long service life, reliable operation, low noise and the like, and is widely applied to the field of ships. As a key component in a ship propulsion system, the dynamic stiffness characteristic of a sliding bearing directly influences the vibration characteristic of the propulsion system, and in addition, the oil film state of the sliding bearing can be known in time through online test of the dynamic stiffness, so that the accurate acquisition of the dynamic stiffness characteristic of the oil film has important significance for researching the vibration rule of a propeller-shafting, protecting the normal work of the ship propulsion shafting and ensuring the ship navigation safety.
During actual navigation of a ship, working condition parameters of a propeller shaft of the ship are frequently changed, so that the working state of the bearing is also changed, and particularly when the rotation speed of the propeller shaft is changed, the dynamic stiffness of the sliding bearing is also changed in real time. Ship such characteristic determination model test data are often difficult to function.
In order to obtain the dynamic stiffness of the bearing on line, Ji' an (research on identification of oil film dynamic characteristic parameters of large-scale turbine sliding bearing, journal of mechanical engineering 1997,33(1), 93-98) provides a method for identifying the dynamic characteristic coefficient of the oil film by using the unbalanced response of the system, and Sunwei (a device for monitoring the oil film stiffness and the oil film thickness of the sliding bearing, the invention patent application No. 201110049392.7) estimates the dynamic stiffness by testing the bearing parameters on line and then substituting a theoretical formula. The preconditions of both methods require accurate modeling of the shafting. However, for a ship propulsion system, a propeller is installed at the tail end of a shaft system, the hydrodynamic characteristics of the propeller in the operation process are complex, a series of problems such as buoyancy and attached water quality exist, accurate modeling is difficult, the existing method fails, and an effective online dynamic stiffness testing method for the oil film of the radial sliding bearing is still lacked at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the method for testing the dynamic stiffness of the oil film of the radial sliding bearing on line is provided, and the accurate measurement of the oil film stiffness of the radial bearing under the condition of water power complex environment in the running process is realized.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the method for testing the dynamic stiffness of the oil film of the radial sliding bearing on line is characterized by comprising the following steps: respectively acquiring dynamic supporting force and dynamic displacement of the oil film by using a dynamic stiffness test system of the oil film of the radial sliding bearing, wherein the dynamic stiffness of the oil film of the radial sliding bearing is the ratio of the dynamic supporting force of the oil film to the dynamic displacement of the oil film; the radial sliding bearing oil film dynamic stiffness test system comprises an oil film dynamic supporting force test system and an oil film dynamic displacement test system;
the supporting force testing system mainly comprises a strain gauge, a wireless data transmitting device, a wireless data receiving device, a testing triggering device and an angle sensor; the data output end of each strain gauge is connected with a wireless data transmitting device, the wireless transmitting device end is connected with a wireless data receiving device in a wireless mode, a test triggering device, an angle sensor and the wireless data receiving device are all connected with a data acquisition system, the data acquisition system is connected with a post-processing unit, and the test system starts to work after being triggered by the test triggering device; during testing, two designated sections are arranged on rotating shafts at two axial ends of the radial sliding bearing, and the distances between the two designated sections and the end surfaces of the sliding bearing at the side where the two designated sections are respectively located are unequal; two axial sides of each appointed section are respectively provided with a test section, and the distances between the two test sections and the appointed section are equal; simultaneously, eight strain gauges are arranged on two test sections with equal distance on two sides of one appointed section, every four strain gauges are uniformly adhered to the periphery of one test section at intervals, and the circumferential distribution positions of the strain gauges on the two appointed sections are consistent; the wireless data transmitting device is arranged on the rotating shaft; the fixed end of the angle sensor and the fixed end of the test trigger device are arranged on the bearing base or the ship structure, and the rotating end of the angle sensor and the rotating end of the test trigger device are fixed on the rotating shaft;
the oil film dynamic displacement testing system mainly comprises an eddy current sensor, a sensor bracket and an elastic vibration isolator; the eddy current sensor is arranged on a sensor bracket, and the sensor bracket is fixed on a bearing base or a ship structure through an elastic vibration isolator at the bottom; the eddy current sensor is connected with a data acquisition system, and the data acquired by the acquisition system is finally transmitted to the post-processing unit to acquire the dynamic displacement of the oil film; during testing, two sets of eddy current sensors are arranged on two axial sides of a rotating shaft of the radial sliding bearing, each set of eddy current sensor comprises two eddy current sensors located on the same circumference, one eddy current sensor is arranged on the diameter of the rotating shaft in the vertical direction, and the other eddy current sensor is arranged on the horizontal diameter of the rotating shaft.
In the technical scheme, the test trigger device comprises a rotating end and a fixed end; the rotating end of the trigger device is fixed on the rotating shaft, the fixed end of the trigger device is arranged on the bearing or the hull structure, and the signal output end on the fixed end of the trigger device is connected with the data acquisition system; when the rotating end of the trigger device and the fixed end of the trigger device meet at the same bus of the rotating shaft, a trigger signal is provided to trigger the whole test system to start working; and finally, transmitting the strain data, the rotation angle data and the eddy current sensor data to a post-processing unit through a data processing system for processing.
In the technical scheme, the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining the arrangement positions and the intervals of the strain gauges, the sensors and the test trigger devices according to the dynamic stiffness test requirements and the frequency test range, and checking whether the support force test system and the dynamic displacement test system operate normally before testing;
step 2: starting an angle signal trigger device, synchronously acquiring displacement information of all sensors after a trigger signal occurs, and performing post-processing to obtain dynamic stiffness data of the oil film; the post-processing means that the information of strain gauges and angle sensors arranged on shaft sections on two sides of the radial sliding bearing is used for obtaining the shearing force of the shaft section, the dynamic supporting force of a bearing oil film is obtained according to a force balance equation and a moment balance equation, the dynamic displacement of the oil film is obtained by using eddy current sensors arranged on the shaft sections on two sides of the radial sliding bearing, and the final dynamic stiffness of the oil film is the ratio of the dynamic supporting force of the oil film to the dynamic displacement of the oil film.
In the technical scheme, the method for measuring and calculating the dynamic supporting force and the dynamic displacement of the oil film comprises the following steps: firstly, respectively obtaining shearing force on different specified sections of rotating shafts on two sides of a radial sliding bearing by using 8 strain gauges arranged on shaft sections on two axial sides of the radial sliding bearing, wherein the shearing force is decomposed into two components which are perpendicular to the axial direction of the bearing and are mutually perpendicular, one component is the vertical direction, the other component is the transverse direction, and the dynamic supporting force of an oil film of the radial sliding bearing can be obtained according to a force and moment balance equation; secondly, acquiring dynamic displacement of an oil film by using eddy current sensors arranged on two sides of the radial sliding bearing; the dynamic stiffness of the oil film of the radial sliding bearing is the ratio of the dynamic supporting force of the oil film to the dynamic displacement of the oil film.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the method for testing the dynamic stiffness of the oil film of the radial sliding bearing on line provided by the invention is strictly obtained according to the definition of the dynamic stiffness and through the ratio of the supporting force of the oil film to the dynamic displacement, model simplification in any form is not needed, and the testing precision is high; the testing method is suitable for all bearing structure forms, and the testing method is strong in adaptability; the test system is simple, can be built by adopting market shelf products, does not need to develop a special test module, and is convenient for engineering application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of connection relations of components of a radial sliding bearing oil film dynamic stiffness testing system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the designated cross-sectional locations of the two ends;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a shear force measurement scheme at a designated cross-section at one end thereof;
FIG. 4 is a side view of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a radial bearing oil film dynamic displacement test scheme;
fig. 6 is a side view of fig. 5.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The method for testing the dynamic stiffness of the oil film of the radial sliding bearing on line is implemented according to the invention, and for a given radial sliding bearing, the connection form of each part of the oil film dynamic stiffness testing system is shown in figures 1-6. The strain gauge 1 is pasted on the rotating shaft, the data output end of the strain gauge is connected with the wireless transmitting device 2 which is also fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft 15, the wireless transmitting end is connected with the wireless receiving device 3 in a wireless mode, and finally, the strain data are transmitted to the data acquisition system 4; the eddy current sensor 5 is arranged on a sensor bracket 6, the sensor bracket 6 is fixed on a bearing base or a ship structure 14 through an elastic vibration isolator 7, and the data output end of the eddy current sensor 5 is connected with the data acquisition system 4 to transmit the oil film dynamic displacement system to the data acquisition system 4; the rotating end 8 of the trigger device is fixed on the rotating shaft, the fixed end 9 of the trigger device is arranged on the bearing or the hull structure, and the signal output end on the fixed end 9 of the trigger device is connected with the data acquisition system 4. When the rotating end 8 of the trigger device meets the fixed end 9 of the trigger device, a trigger signal is provided to trigger the whole test system to start working. And the final strain data, the rotation angle data and the data of the eddy current sensor 5 are transmitted to the post-processing unit 10 through the data processing system for processing. The fixed end 17 of the angle sensor is mounted on the bearing base or hull structure 14, and the rotating end 16 of the angle sensor is fixed on the rotating shaft 15 and starts to work after being triggered by the triggering device.
In order to measure the oil film supporting force, the arrangement scheme of the test arrangement system is shown in fig. 2-4, the specified cross sections to be measured are selected on two sides of the radial sliding bearing 11, the length of the radial sliding bearing 11, the distance from the specified cross section 12 on the left side of the bearing to the left end surface of the bearing 11, and the distance from the specified cross section 13 on the right side of the bearing to the right end surface of the bearing 11 are respectively lA,lB,lC. The distances between the designated sections of the rotating shafts at the two sides of the radial bearing and the designated end surfaces at the two sides of the bearing are unequal, namely lB≠lC. The arrangement of the strain gauges 1 at the given cross-section (12, 13) to be measured on each side is shown in fig. 3. And calculating the dynamic supporting force of the oil film by using the strain data of the 8 tested strain gauges 1 and combining the equations (1) to (6).
Firstly, utilizing strain gauges arranged on shaft sections at two axial sides of the radial sliding bearing to obtain shearing force on specified sections of rotating shafts at two sides of the radial sliding bearing, decomposing the shearing force into two components which are perpendicular to the axial direction of the bearing and are mutually perpendicular, wherein one component is the vertical direction, the other component is the transverse direction, and obtaining the supporting force of an oil film of the radial sliding bearing according to a force and moment balance equation:
as shown in fig. 3, a total of 8 strain gauges are arranged on two equally spaced test cross sections on two axial sides of the designated cross section 12 (13) on the rotating shaft, 4 strain gauges are uniformly distributed on each test cross section at an interval of 90 degrees along the circumferential direction, the circumferential positions of the strain gauges on the two test cross sections are consistent, and the axial distance between each test cross section and the corresponding designated cross section 12 (13) is delta/2; wherein the x-axis is the axis of the rotating shaft and the direction points to the direction of the tail of the ship, the y-axis is the vertical direction and the direction is vertical upwards, the z is the transverse direction, and the direction is determined by the right-hand rule. According to the finite difference technique, the shear force on a given section can be obtained as follows:
in the formula: fV,FHVertical and transverse components of shear force, respectively, fy,fzThe shear force obtained for the strain gage, D the diameter of the shaft, EI the bending stiffness of the shaft; wherein,iyis the vertical direction strain, i =1,2,3, 4;izis the transverse direction strain, i =1,2,3, 4;
wherein the vertical component and the lateral component of the shear force should be obtained by projecting the shear force obtained by the strain gauge into both the vertical and lateral directions after the rotation of the rotation shaft by an angle theta, i.e. the shear force is obtained by projecting the shear force obtained by the strain gauge into the vertical and lateral directions
FV=fycosθ-fxsinθ（3）
FH=fysinθ+fxcosθ（4）
The method for measuring and calculating the rotation angle theta of the rotating shaft comprises the following steps:
the rotating angle of the rotating shaft is acquired by an angle sensor and is completed by using a test trigger device, the trigger device consists of a rotating end and a fixed end, the rotating end is fixed on the rotating shaft and forms an angle phi with the strain gauge, the fixed end is connected with a bearing or a fixed part fixedly connected with the hull structure, when the rotating end meets the fixed end, a trigger signal is provided, and the whole test system starts to work; when the test angle of the angle sensor is psi, the theta is the sum of psi and phi;
the shaft section between two appointed sections on the shaft is subjected to shearing force, oil film supporting force and inertia force of the appointed sections at two ends. Wherein the acting force position of the oil film supporting force is at the bearing central position, the acting force position of the inertial force is at the middle point position of the shaft section, the inertial force and the oil film supporting force can also be vertical components and transverse components which are vertical to each other respectively, and then in the two planes, the vertical components and the transverse components of the oil film supporting force can be obtained according to the force and moment balance equation respectively and can be expressed as follows:
in the formula: qV,QHVertical and transverse components of the oil film holding force, respectively, FV1,FH1The vertical and transverse components of the shear force on the left-hand side of the bearing are respectively specified, FV2,FH2The vertical and lateral components of the shear force on the right side of the bearing are specified separately. lA,lB,lCThe length of the radial sliding bearing, the distance from the designated section on the left side of the bearing to the left end surface of the bearing and the distance from the designated section on the right side of the bearing to the right end surface of the bearing are respectively.
Next, according to fig. 5 to 6, the oil film dynamic displacement is calculated by using 4 eddy current sensors 5 arranged on both sides of the radial sliding bearing in combination of equations (7) to (8).
Two sets of eddy current sensors are arranged on two sides of the radial sliding bearing, each set of eddy current sensor comprises two eddy current sensors, one eddy current sensor is arranged on the diameter of the vertical direction of the rotating shaft, the other eddy current sensor is arranged on the horizontal diameter of the rotating shaft and located on the same circumference, and the eddy current sensors are not in contact with the rotating shaft. The dynamic displacement of the oil film is as follows,
in the formula: dV,DHPerpendicular and transverse components of the dynamic displacement of the oil film, dV1,dH1Respectively the vertical and horizontal vectors, d, measured by the eddy current sensor on the left side of the bearingV2,dH2The vertical vector and the transverse vector are respectively measured by the eddy current sensor on the right side of the bearing. lD,lEThe distance between the left eddy current sensor of the bearing and the left end face of the bearing and the distance between the right eddy current sensor of the bearing and the right end face of the bearing are respectively. lD,lEEqual or unequal may, with lA,lB,lCThere is no distance relationship.
Finally, the dynamic stiffness of the oil film is the ratio of the dynamic supporting force of the oil film to the dynamic displacement of the oil film.
Claims (4)
1. The method for testing the dynamic stiffness of the oil film of the radial sliding bearing on line is characterized by comprising the following steps: respectively acquiring dynamic supporting force and dynamic displacement of the oil film by using a dynamic stiffness test system of the oil film of the radial sliding bearing, wherein the dynamic stiffness of the oil film of the radial sliding bearing is the ratio of the dynamic supporting force of the oil film to the dynamic displacement of the oil film; the radial sliding bearing oil film dynamic stiffness test system comprises an oil film dynamic supporting force test system and an oil film dynamic displacement test system;
the oil film dynamic supporting force testing system mainly comprises a strain gauge, a wireless data transmitting device, a wireless data receiving device, a testing triggering device and an angle sensor; the data output end of each strain gauge is connected with a wireless data transmitting device, the wireless data transmitting device end is connected with a wireless data receiving device in a wireless mode, a test triggering device, an angle sensor and the wireless data receiving device are connected with a data acquisition system, the data acquisition system is connected with a post-processing unit, and an oil film dynamic supporting force test system and an oil film dynamic displacement test system start to work after being triggered by the test triggering device; during testing, two designated sections are arranged on the rotating shafts at the two axial ends of the radial sliding bearing, and the distances between the two designated sections and the end faces of the radial sliding bearing at the side where the two designated sections are respectively located are unequal; two axial sides of each appointed section are respectively provided with a test section, and the distances between the two test sections and the appointed section are equal; simultaneously, eight strain gauges are arranged on two test sections with equal distance on two sides of one appointed section, every four strain gauges are uniformly adhered to the periphery of one test section at intervals, and the circumferential distribution positions of the strain gauges on the two appointed sections are consistent; the wireless data transmitting device is arranged on the rotating shaft; the fixed end of the angle sensor and the fixed end of the test trigger device are arranged on the radial sliding bearing base or the ship structure, and the rotating end of the angle sensor and the rotating end of the test trigger device are fixed on the rotating shaft;
the oil film dynamic displacement testing system mainly comprises an eddy current sensor, a sensor bracket and an elastic vibration isolator; the eddy current sensor is arranged on a sensor bracket, and the sensor bracket is fixed on a radial sliding bearing base or a ship structure through an elastic vibration isolator at the bottom; the eddy current sensor is connected with a data acquisition system, and the data acquisition system acquires data and finally transmits the data to the post-processing unit to acquire dynamic displacement of the oil film; during testing, two sets of eddy current sensors are arranged on two axial sides of a rotating shaft of the radial sliding bearing, each set of eddy current sensor comprises two eddy current sensors located on the same circumference, one eddy current sensor is arranged on the diameter of the rotating shaft in the vertical direction, and the other eddy current sensor is arranged on the horizontal diameter of the rotating shaft.
2. The method for testing the dynamic stiffness of the oil film of the radial sliding bearing on line according to the claim 1 is characterized in that: the test trigger device comprises a rotating end and a fixed end; the rotating end of the test trigger device is fixed on the rotating shaft, the fixed end of the test trigger device is arranged on the radial sliding bearing or the ship structure, and the signal output end on the fixed end of the test trigger device is connected with the data acquisition system; when the rotating end of the test trigger device and the fixed end of the test trigger device meet at the same bus of the rotating shaft, a trigger signal is provided to trigger the whole test system to start working; and finally, transmitting the strain data, the rotation angle data and the data of the eddy current sensor to a post-processing unit through a data acquisition system for processing.
3. The method for testing the dynamic stiffness of the oil film of the radial sliding bearing on line according to the claim 2 is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: determining the arrangement positions and the intervals of each strain gauge, each sensor and each test trigger device according to the dynamic stiffness test requirement and the frequency test range, and checking whether the oil film dynamic supporting force test system and the oil film dynamic displacement test system operate normally before testing;
step 2: starting an angle signal trigger device, synchronously acquiring displacement information of all sensors after a trigger signal occurs, and performing post-processing to obtain dynamic stiffness data of the oil film; the post-processing means that the axial section shearing force is obtained by utilizing information of strain gauges and angle sensors which are arranged on the axial sections on the two sides of the radial sliding bearing, the dynamic supporting force of the oil film of the radial sliding bearing is obtained according to a force balance equation and a moment balance equation, the dynamic displacement of the oil film is obtained by utilizing eddy current sensors which are arranged on the axial sections on the two sides of the radial sliding bearing, and the final dynamic stiffness of the oil film is the ratio of the dynamic supporting force of the oil film to the dynamic displacement of the oil.
4. The method for testing the dynamic stiffness of the oil film of the radial sliding bearing on line according to the claim 3 is characterized in that: the method for measuring and calculating the dynamic supporting force and the dynamic displacement of the oil film comprises the following steps: firstly, respectively obtaining shearing force on different specified sections of rotating shafts on two sides of a radial sliding bearing by using 8 strain gauges arranged on shaft sections on two axial sides of the radial sliding bearing, wherein the shearing force is decomposed into two mutually perpendicular components which are perpendicular to the axial direction of the radial sliding bearing, one component is in the vertical direction, the other component is in the transverse direction, and the dynamic supporting force of an oil film of the radial sliding bearing can be obtained according to a force and moment balance equation; secondly, acquiring dynamic displacement of an oil film by using eddy current sensors arranged on two sides of the radial sliding bearing; the dynamic stiffness of the oil film of the radial sliding bearing is the ratio of the dynamic supporting force of the oil film to the dynamic displacement of the oil film.
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| CN110967185B (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2022-02-22 | 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 | Rotor bearing radial load measuring method and device and aircraft engine |
| CN115031872A (en) * | 2021-02-25 | 2022-09-09 | 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 | Supporting interface force testing device of aircraft engine rotor |
| CN113607416B (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2023-05-30 | 大连工业大学 | Rolling bearing three-dimensional dynamic stiffness test device and test method thereof |
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