CN103725919A - Lead-free brass alloy - Google Patents
Lead-free brass alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN103725919A CN103725919A CN201410014565.5A CN201410014565A CN103725919A CN 103725919 A CN103725919 A CN 103725919A CN 201410014565 A CN201410014565 A CN 201410014565A CN 103725919 A CN103725919 A CN 103725919A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lead-free brass alloy. The alloy comprises the following chemical components by weight percent: 59-69% of copper, 0.2-0.7% of tin, 0.6-1.8% of bismuth, 0.4-0.75% of aluminum, 0.02-0.11% of arsenic, 0.01-0.06% of boron, 0.01-0.05% of titanium, 0.01-0.04% of zirconium, less than or equal to 0.05% of lead, less than or equal to 0.3% of iron, less than or equal to 0.5% of nickel, less than or equal to 0.015% of phosphorus, less than or equal to 0.015% of antimony, less than or equal to 0.001% of cadmium, less than or equal to 0.001% of chrome and the balance of zinc and inevitable impurities. The lead-free brass alloy has excellent castability, is suitable for low pressure casting and gravity casting, is easy in cutting, dezincification-resistant and corrosion-resistant, meets environment-friendly, healthy and lead-free requirements, is suitable for drinking water system casting, has wide application prospect in plumbing sanitary industry and has the preparation cost equivalent to lead brass.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of alloy, in particular to one, be applicable to low-pressure casting, gravitational casting, easy-cutting and corrosion-resistant leadless environment-friendly brass alloys.
Background technology
Winn bronze alloy worldwide has a wide range of applications, and these fields relate to machinofacture, electrical instrumentation, architectural hardware, tap water pipeline etc.Winn bronze alloy is generally in copper zinc alloy, to add 1～3% metallic lead, lead can make brass alloys have good mechanical property and castability, easily cutting, or be made into various component by castmethods such as low-pressure casting, gravitational castings.As everyone knows, plumbous have destruction to HUMAN HEALTH and the eubiosis, and worldwide trend is also that the use of lead-containing alloy is more and more limited.The leaching amount of Japan's regulation lead in tap water must be less than 0.01mg/L, U.S.'s regulation must be less than 0.001mg/L, China has also carried out some legislations in related fields, as the lead tolerance of < < electronics and IT products prevention and cure of pollution management method > > regulation electronics and IT products must be less than 0.1%.The alloy of visible low lead tolerance or lead-free alloy have increasing demand.But, it is difficult from brass alloys, removing lead, because plumbous adding is to guarantee that material has acceptable mechanical workout character and castability is the most with low cost and effective means, any low-lead brass alloy also must have acceptable mechanical workout character and castability.A kind of trial that realizes low-lead brass alloy is the lead that substitutes some or all with silicon, in the example that is claimed the copper-silicon alloy with industrial gratifying character, contain mass percent 69 to 80% bronze medals, 1.8 to 4% silicon, 0.02 to 0.4% lead, residue forms (US7056396) by zinc.This silicon alloy also contains a small amount of arsenic, antimony, aluminium, phosphorus, bismuth, tellurium and/or selenium, depends on the final character that alloy is required.
Realizing the another kind of low lead or basic Pb-free copper-alloy attempts relating to alternative some or all lead contents of bismuth.Bismuth has several character that are similar to lead, is particularly also dissolved in hardly copper alloy.Therefore, bismuth contributes to machinability to be similar to plumbous mode in theory.The bismuth (US5137658) that an example of substantially lead-free copper alloy contains 1.8 to 5% weight.Substantially at least one (US5167726) that another example of lead-free forging copper alloy contains at least 60% copper, at least 0.5% bismuth and phosphorus, indium or tin.Although above-mentioned trial has promoted the development of Pb-free copper-alloy, but replace plumbous alloy with bismuth, no matter in the castabilitys such as low-pressure casting, gravitational casting, or on cutting, corrosion resistance nature, all also has larger space to be hoisted, because of the more plumbous costliness of bismuth, the use bismuth of more amount also can make cost of alloy improve a lot simultaneously.How the lower and good LEAD-FREE BRASS ALLOY of cutting castability of Casting Bismuth content, is that the technical problem solving is badly in need of in this area.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of LEAD-FREE BRASS ALLOY, this alloy is substantially not leaded, to human body and environmentally friendly, and applicable low-pressure casting, gravitational casting, easily cutting, corrosion resistance and good.
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
A kind of LEAD-FREE BRASS ALLOY, it consists of by percentage to the quality:
Copper 59%～69%
Tin 0.2%～0.7%
Bismuth 0.6%～1.8%
Aluminium 0.4%～0.75%
Arsenic 0.02%～0.11%
Boron 0.01%～0.06%
Titanium 0.01%～0.05%
Zirconium 0.01%～0.04%
Plumbous≤0.05%
Iron≤0.3%
Nickel≤0.5%
Phosphorus≤0.015%
Antimony≤0.015%
Cadmium≤0.001%
Chromium≤0.001%
Surplus is zinc and inevitable impurity.
In the prioritization scheme of above-mentioned LEAD-FREE BRASS ALLOY, it consists of by mass percentage:
Copper 60～65%
Tin 0.4～0.6%
Bismuth 0.6～1.2%
Aluminium 0.5～0.7%
Arsenic 0.03～0.1%
Boron 0.01～0.04%
Titanium 0.01～0.03%
Zirconium 0.01～0.03%
Plumbous≤0.05%
Iron≤0.2%
Nickel≤0.5%
Phosphorus≤0.01%
Antimony≤0.01%
Cadmium≤0.001%
Chromium≤0.001%
Surplus is zinc and inevitable impurity.
Further, wherein the ratio of the content of arsenic and boron is 2～2.5: 1.
Or further, wherein the ratio of the content of titanium and zirconium is 1: 1～1.2.
Further, wherein the ratio of the content of arsenic, boron, titanium, zirconium is 2: 1: 1: 1.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, take copper zinc alloy as basis, add bismuth and other beneficial elements, make alloy substantially containing lead element, but there is good machinery, casting, cutting, the performance such as corrosion-resistant simultaneously.Wherein, the content of bismuth element accounts for the 0.6%-1.8% of total mass, content is lower, it had both been insoluble to copper alloy, did not also play any chemical reaction, with the fine particle of the shape that dissociates, along crystal boundary, distributed, crystal grain is isolated from each other, matrix continuity is broken, and adds and can obtain scattered easily broken cutting ability and bright and clean surface man-hour, has improved the machinability of alloy.The content of tin element accounts for alloy total mass 0.2%-0.7%, and tin can be dissolved in copper alloy, puies forward heavy alloyed intensity, can form fine and close Sn0 at cast(ing) surface
2protective membrane, significantly improves alloy Dezincification corrosion resistant performance in seawater.The content of aluminium accounts for the 0.4%-0.75% of alloy total mass, and the tissue impact of Trace Aluminum alloy is larger, and aluminium can reduce zinc evaporation aborning, improves aluminium alloy mobility, strengthens cutting ability, makes the intensity of alloy and hardness significantly improve simultaneously.Aluminium lip-deep ionization tendency in alloy is larger than zinc; preferential oxygen in corrosive gases or solution is combined; at alloy surface, form firm alumina protective layer, can significantly improve alloy at atmosphere, dilute sulphuric acid, particularly the corrosion resistance nature in high speed seawater.The content of micro amount of arsenic element accounts for the 0.02%-0.11% of alloy total mass, trace B constituent content accounts for the 0.01%-0.06% of alloy total mass, if add separately the two one of, make the corrosion-resistant effect of alloy not obvious, but the two is added in alloy with proper ratio simultaneously, there is significant refinement modification effect, can greatly improve alloy Dezincification corrosion resistant ability, Dezincification corrosion can occur even hardly.The content of trace amount of titanium element accounts for the 0.01%-0.05% of alloy total mass, and titanium elements has the effect of significant crystal grain thinning in alloy, has improved compactness and the intensity of foundry goods, puies forward greatly the comprehensive etch resistant properties of heavy alloyed resistance to dezincify and cutting ability.The content of trace zirconium element accounts for the 0.01%-0.04% of alloy total mass, in alloy, can significantly improve its intensity, has solution strengthening effect, can significantly improve the mechanical property of alloy.After arsenic, boron, titanium, zirconium are added with specified proportion, can increase substantially castability, significantly improve every mechanical property of alloy, greatly improve the mobility of aluminium alloy, cutting ability is good, the comprehensive resistance to corrosion of resistance to dezincify that has improved greatly alloy, is more suitable for low-pressure casting and gravitational casting.The every mechanical property of this alloy is better than existing bismuth-contained lead-free brass alloys, and similar to leaded brass, its cost is equivalent to the price of leaded brass, therefore can substitute leaded brass, and be easy to apply.
Embodiment
Embodiment mono-: product and method for making
Product one, is and meets the LEAD-FREE BRASS ALLOY that potable water system foundry goods is used in Table 1 to product ninety percent partition ratio.The concrete preparation method of LEAD-FREE BRASS ALLOY carries out as follows:
Copper+charcoal → interpolation zinc, tin, bismuth, aluminium → stirring → refining → sampling analysis composition → adjust → drag for slag → add successively copper arsenic, copper boron, copper titanium, copper zirconium master alloy → sampling analysis → standing → tapping casting
Particularly:
The first step heat induced electric furnace adds electrolytic copper and with charcoal covering, heats up copper is fully melted;
Second step adds zinc, tin, bismuth, aluminium fine fodder and stirs;
The 3rd step add refining agent stir, the composition of refining agent by mass percentage: silica sand 50%, soda 45%, sodium aluminum fluoride 5%;
The 4th step is added copper arsenic master alloy, copper boron master alloy, copper titanium master alloy, copper zirconium master alloy successively, then stirs;
The 5th step stirs again, sampling analysis, and adjusting component, scarfing cinder, 980 ℃ of-1020 ℃ of insulations, standing 15 minutes, make contamination precipitation or floating, purify aluminium alloy;
The 6th step is warming up to 1040 ℃ of-1070 ℃ of tapping casting.
In above-mentioned the 5th step, sampling analysis comprises following content:
(1) chemical composition analysis, is analyzed by spectrograph, according to analytical results, adjusts element ratio;
(2) metallographic crystal grain detects, and is detected castability test by metaloscope;
(3) mirror polish, metaloscope detects hard inclusion thing.
Table 1 LEAD-FREE BRASS ALLOY formula (elementary composition mass percent)
Embodiment bis-: castability test
The castability comparison of this LEAD-FREE BRASS ALLOY and prior art HPb59-1 brass alloys, test-results is in Table 2.By above-mentioned test-results and production practice; known leadless environment-friendly brass alloys of the present invention possess good castability; greatly reduce the defect in castingprocesses; good article rate significantly improves; greatly reduce the lead content in alloy; meeting the requirement of environment protection health safety standards, is to be widely used at present to have to HUMAN HEALTH and ecotope the good substitute of the leaded brass of baneful influence.
The castability comparison of table 2 alloy product of the present invention and HPb59-1 brass alloys
Embodiment tri-: cutting ability test
The evaluation method of cutting ability: adopt universal lathe, the speed of mainshaft is 1450r/min, speed of feed 0.05mm/r, depth of cut 0.5mm, cutter front rake is that the turning process of 4 degree carries out cutting test comparison to LEAD-FREE BRASS ALLOY material of the present invention and HPb59-1 leaded brass respectively, collect respectively 100 chips of two kinds of alloy materials, measure the mean length of chip, by the chip mean length of HPb59-1 brass material divided by the chip mean length of LEAD-FREE BRASS ALLOY material of the present invention as evaluation index.By above-mentioned test, known LEAD-FREE BRASS ALLOY cutting ability of the present invention and HPb59-1 brass alloys cutting ability basic identical (in Table 3).
Table 3 LEAD-FREE BRASS ALLOY material and HPb59-1 cutting ability
| Material number | Machinability index/% |
| HPb59-1 | 100 |
| Product one | >94 |
| Product two | >96 |
| Product three | >97 |
| Product seven | >98 |
| Product eight | >97 |
Embodiment tetra-: mechanical property test
LEAD-FREE BRASS ALLOY material of the present invention and HPb59-1 brass alloy material are being made standard tensile sample, carry out normal tensile property test with universal material pull-test machine, and test-results is in Table 4.The LEAD-FREE BRASS ALLOY good mechanical performance of the present invention's development, can substitute Winn bronze alloy completely.
The mechanical property of table 4 LEAD-FREE BRASS ALLOY and HPb59-1 brass alloys and the Performance Ratio of resistance to dezincify are
Embodiment five: Dezincification corrosion resistant test
LEAD-FREE BRASS ALLOY Dezincification corrosion resistant of the present invention performance test fixes in thermostat(t)ed water bathtub and carries out according to GB/T10119-2008 standard gauge, after etching, sample is cut from central axis, sample preparation, through grinding and polishing processing, then under metaloscope, measure its Dezincification corrosion degree of depth, through too much organizing sample testing, the results are shown in Table 4.The resistance to dezincify performance of LEAD-FREE BRASS ALLOY of the present invention is very good, is greatly better than leaded brass.
Embodiment six: mechanical property and the Dezincification corrosion resistant performance test of this alloy after 980 ℃ of-1020 ℃ of holding times and remelting
Described in mechanical property test embodiment tetra-, carry out, Dezincification corrosion resistant performance test is undertaken by described in embodiment five, and take product four as example, experimental result is in Table 5.By above-mentioned experiment, can know that mechanical property and Dezincification corrosion resistant performance have no decline sign after 980 ℃-1020 ℃ insulations 180min and remeltings, be conducive to the operation of Foundry Production and improve the consistence of casting quality, work-ing life that can significant prolongation foundry goods.
Table 5 extends mechanical property and resistance to dezincify the performance test results after soaking time and remelting
| Soaking time/min | Tensile strength/MPa | Unit elongation/% | Brinell hardness | The average dezincify degree of depth/μ m |
| 20 | 450-470 | 14-17 | 108-122 | <65.1 |
| 30 | 450-470 | 14-17 | 108-122 | <65.3 |
| 60 | 450-470 | 15-18 | 109—122 | <64.8 |
| 120 | 440-470 | 14-17 | 107-121 | <64.7 |
| 180 | 450-470 | 15-18 | 106—121 | <65 |
| After remelting | 440-470 | 14—17 | 105-120 | <64 |
Embodiment seven: dissolving out capability test in alloying element water
In alloying element water, dissolving out capability test is tested and judges according to GB5749-2006 < < drinking water sanitary standard > > according to GB/T5750-2006 < < drinking water standard method of inspection > >.Table 6 is stripping concentration in embodiment of the present invention alloying element water.According to stripping concentration results in alloying element water, judge, LEAD-FREE BRASS ALLOY embodiment of the present invention stripping concentration in water, lower than the controlled concentration in GB5749-2006 < < drinking water sanitary standard > >, meets the requirement of environment protection health safety standards.
Dissolving out capability test in table 6 lead-free alloy element water
Claims (5)
1. a LEAD-FREE BRASS ALLOY, it consists of by mass percentage:
Copper 59%～69%
Tin 0.2%～0.7%
Bismuth 0.6%～1.8%
Aluminium 0.4%～0.75%
Arsenic 0.02%～0.11%
Boron 0.01%～0.06%
Titanium 0.01%～0.05%
Zirconium 0.01%～0.04%
Plumbous≤0.05%
Iron≤0.3%
Nickel≤0.5%
Phosphorus≤0.015%
Antimony≤0.015%
Cadmium≤0.001%
Chromium≤0.001%
Surplus is zinc and inevitable impurity.
2. LEAD-FREE BRASS ALLOY as claimed in claim 1, it consists of by mass percentage:
Copper 60～65%
Tin 0.4～0.6%
Bismuth 0.6～1.2%
Aluminium 0.5～0.7%
Arsenic 0.03～0.1%
Boron 0.01～0.04%
Titanium 0.01～0.03%
Zirconium 0.01～0.03%
Plumbous≤0.05%
Iron≤0.2%
Nickel≤0.5%
Phosphorus≤0.01%
Antimony≤0.01%
Cadmium≤0.001%
Chromium≤0.001%
Surplus is zinc and inevitable impurity.
3. LEAD-FREE BRASS ALLOY as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the ratio of the content of arsenic and boron is 2～2.5: 1.
4. LEAD-FREE BRASS ALLOY as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the ratio of the content of titanium and zirconium is 1: 1～1.2.
5. LEAD-FREE BRASS ALLOY as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the ratio of the content of arsenic, boron, titanium, zirconium is 2: 1: 1: 1.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019007309A1 (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2019-01-10 | 路达(厦门)工业有限公司 | Environmentally friendly brass alloy for casting and manufacturing method therefor |
| CN110421104A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2019-11-08 | 浙江万得凯流体设备科技股份有限公司 | A kind of forging technology of unleaded low-lead brass alloy blank |
| CN112458334A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-09 | 台州正兴阀门有限公司 | Low-lead free-cutting copper alloy for casting faucet body and manufacturing method thereof |
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