CN103712980A - 一种检测水中锌含量的检测剂的制备和使用方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种测定水中锌含量的检测剂的制备和使用方法,先按质量份数量取浓硫酸、无水硫酸钠、焦磷酸钾、硫代硫酸钠、硫脲=10:35:14:14:105,混匀,得到粉末Ⅰ;再按质量份数量取双硫腙、聚乙二醇6000、硫脲、乙酸钠、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵=1:10:1000:500:500,混匀,得到粉Ⅱ。使用时,直接将粉末Ⅰ、粉末Ⅱ依次加入5毫升水样中,充分混合溶解,10分钟后,利用分光光度计进行测量即可。本发明的检测剂制备方法简单,携带方便,易于保管,检测结果准确可靠,适合于地下水、地表水、饮用水、工业废水等水体锌的现场定量检测。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种检测水中锌含量的检测剂的制备和使用方法,属于环境监测技术领域。
背景技术
近年来,在我国农村地区,随着乡镇企业的快速发展,“工业三废”排放量逐年递增,以及长期以来一直存在的农业,畜禽养殖、水产养殖和生活等污、废水污染,使得农村水环境状况不容乐观,环境污染事件频频发生,已经威胁到农村饮用水安全和农业灌溉水质量。同时由于相关部门对农村环境污染问题重视不足,农村环境污染监测和预防面临资金投入不足,专业人才缺乏,设备落后等多种问题,在农村地区开展环境监测和预防工作变得艰难。现场检测技术因为能快速鉴定、鉴别污染物的种类,并能给出定性或半定量直至定量的检测结果,直接读数、使用方便、易于携带、对样品的前处理和工作人员的专业知识要求不高,所以是开展村镇环境监测的必由之路。目前较为成熟的现场检测方法有试纸法、检测管法、微型滴定法、生物实验法、便携式仪器法等。
目前,水中锌的检测方法主要有双硫腙分光光度法、火焰原子吸收法、阳极溶出伏安法、ICP-AES法等。
何斌研究了双硫腙水相光度法测定锌的条件,pH在9.8~12.4条件下,锌和双硫腙形成红色配合物,在0~0.48mg/L之间有良好的线性关系,测量实际水体取得良好的效果(何斌.锌-双硫踪-溴化十六烷基三甲铵水相光度法测定水中微量锌.干旱环境监测,1993-12,7(4):199-201)。
雷夏等研究了以1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚为配位剂,Triton X-114为非离子表面活性剂,硝酸-甲醇为黏度调节剂,浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定锌的方法,锌的检测限为0.687ug/L,富集倍数为66(雷夏,李卫宁,赵斌等.浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水样中的痕量锌.河北农业大学学报,2009-11,32(6):117-120)。
朱明鹤等采用饱和NaCl作为支持电解液,二阶阳极溶出伏安法同时测定了纯净水中的铜、锌、铅和镉等4种痕量元素,在选定最佳实验条件下,通过标准加入法发现所述的元素的浓度在5-100ug/L的范围内与峰高成线性关系,对锌的测定的标准偏差和回收率分别达到15%和106%(朱明鹤,卞永生,郑道昌等.二阶微分阳极溶出伏安法测定纯净水中痕量常见重金属.大连海事大学学报,2005-2,31(1):66-68)。
金泽祥等提出了一种合适于电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)直接测定湖水、河水及工业废水中微克/升级的镍、钴、锡、锌、铅、铂、帆、铜、锑和铁痕量重金属元素的分析方法。该法是在pH2.5左右,于水样中加入鳌合剂APDC,用MIBK萃取,然后将萃取溶剂导入ICP测定,方法简便实用,精密度好(金泽祥,郑毅,肖红雁等,APDC/MIBK萃取ICP-AES同时测定水中痕量重金属元素.分析实验室,1987,6(3):6-9)。
上述传统实验室方法虽然可对污染物进行准确定量且具有较高精确度和灵敏度,但需要采集大量样品、配备专业人员和昂贵的仪器设备,操作复杂耗时,不适合对农村偏远地区以及突发性环境污染事故的现场水质检测。目前尚未发现对锌现场快速检测试剂的报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种快速测定地下水、地表水、饮用水、工业废水等水体中锌离子浓度的快速检测剂的制备方法,用该方法得到的检测剂对于实现环境水中锌含量的现场检测具有重要的意义和高灵敏、高选择性的特点。
本发明的另外一个目的是提供用该检测剂测定水体中锌离子含量的快速方法,使用时将检测剂直接溶解到水样中,即可借助相关检测仪器测得锌离子浓度。
为了达到上述目的,本发明使用双硫腙显色方法制备锌离子检测粉剂,主要由硫酸、焦磷酸钾、硫代硫酸钠和硫脲为掩蔽剂,由双硫腙、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为显色剂,然后辅以惰性助剂制备检测粉剂,具体制备方法如下:
第一步,按质量份数量取浓硫酸:无水硫酸钠:焦磷酸钾:硫代硫酸钠:硫脲=10:35:14:14:105,混合均匀,得粉Ⅰ待用;
第二步,按质量份数量取双硫腙:聚乙二醇6000:硫脲:无水乙酸钠:十六烷基三甲基溴化铵=1:10:1000:500:500,混合均匀,得粉Ⅱ待用;
上述浓硫酸、无水硫酸钠、焦磷酸钾、硫代硫酸钠、硫脲、双硫腙、无水乙酸钠、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、聚乙二醇6000均为市售分析纯化学品。
锌检测剂的使用方法是:在5ml待测水样里,加入0.2-0.5g上述方法制备得到的粉Ⅰ,摇晃溶解后,再加0.1-0.5g粉Ⅱ,充分摇动溶解,10分钟后,利用分光光度计进行测量。
本发明的优点是:
1,由于本发明的测定水中锌检测剂系粉剂,具有价格低廉、携带方便、性能稳定等特点,非专业人员即可操作。
2,该检测剂检测范围:0.02-0.5mg/L锌,适合于地下水、地表水、饮用水、工业废水等各种水体中锌离子的快速检测。
具体实施方式
实施例1,水中锌含量检测剂的制备
按质量份数量取浓硫酸:无水硫酸钠:焦磷酸钾:硫代硫酸钠:硫脲=10:35:14:14:105,混合均匀,得粉Ⅰ;按质量份数量取双硫腙:聚乙二醇6000:硫脲:无水乙酸钠:十六烷基三甲基溴化铵=1:10:1000:500:500,混合均匀,得粉Ⅱ。
实施例2,某自来水锌离子浓度测定
取5ml某自来水于5ml比色管中,将实施例1制备得到的锌检测剂加入比色管中,先加0.25g粉Ⅰ,摇晃试管带溶剂充分溶解后,加入0.1g粉Ⅱ,再次充分摇动,溶解10分钟后,利用分光光度计(PORS-15V便携光谱仪北京普析公司),在波长为525nm处测定红色溶液的吸光度,测得自来水中锌浓度为0.602mg/L,与传统的双硫腙分光光度法结果0.594mg/L相差不大,表明用该检测剂测定自来水中锌离子浓度准确、可靠。
实施例3,某湖水锌浓度测定
取5ml某湖水于5ml比色管中,将实施例1制备得到的锌检测剂加入比色管中,先加0.25g粉Ⅰ,摇晃试管带溶剂充分溶解后,加入0.1g粉Ⅱ,再次充分摇动,溶解10分钟后,利用分光光度计(PORS-15V便携光谱仪北京普析公司),在波长为525nm处测定红色溶液的吸光度,测得该湖水中锌浓度为0.063mg/L,与传统的双硫腙分光光度法结果0.068mg/L相差不大,表明用该检测剂测定湖水中锌离子浓度准确、可靠。
Claims (2)
1.一种测定水中锌含量的检测剂的制备方法,其特征在于:
第一步,按质量份数量取浓硫酸:无水硫酸钠:焦磷酸钾:硫代硫酸钠:硫脲=10:35:14:14:105,混合均匀,得粉Ⅰ待用;
第二步,按质量份数量取双硫腙:聚乙二醇6000:硫脲:无水乙酸钠:十六烷基三甲基溴化铵=1:10:1000:500:500,混合均匀,得粉Ⅱ待用;
上述浓硫酸、无水硫酸钠、焦磷酸钾、硫代硫酸钠、硫脲、双硫腙、无水乙酸钠、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、聚乙二醇6000均为市售分析纯化学品。
2.一种如权利要求1所述方法得到的一种测定水质锌含量的检测剂的使用方法,其特征在于:在5ml待测水样里,加入0.2-0.5g权利要求1所述方法得到的粉Ⅰ,摇晃溶解后,再加0.1-0.5g权利要求1所述方法得到的粉Ⅱ,充分摇动溶解,10分钟后,利用分光光度计进行测量,即得到水中锌含量;
上述待测水样为地下水、地表水、饮用水、工业废水。
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CN107860732A (zh) * | 2017-04-19 | 2018-03-30 | 南京晓庄学院 | 一种多信号探针的用途 |
CN107860732B (zh) * | 2017-04-19 | 2019-05-24 | 南京晓庄学院 | 一种多信号探针的用途 |
CN107271436A (zh) * | 2017-06-05 | 2017-10-20 | 同济大学 | 一种测定水中痕量汞的快速检测剂的制备与使用方法 |
CN112557317A (zh) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-03-26 | 上海仪电科学仪器股份有限公司 | 一种锌离子含量的测定方法 |
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