CN103712901A - Sealing material for impermeability tests - Google Patents
Sealing material for impermeability tests Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103712901A CN103712901A CN201310685284.8A CN201310685284A CN103712901A CN 103712901 A CN103712901 A CN 103712901A CN 201310685284 A CN201310685284 A CN 201310685284A CN 103712901 A CN103712901 A CN 103712901A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- water
- test
- absorbing resin
- encapsulant
- impermeability
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Abstract
The invention discloses a sealing material for impermeability tests, which belongs to the technical field of testing a building material and is used for carrying out impermeability tests of concrete and mortar. The sealing material is prepared by evenly mixing the traditional sealing material and water-absorbing resin powder. Hydrogel formed when the sealing material encounters water in the impermeability tests can plug a tiny gap between a test piece and a test mold, the proper water-absorbing resin can be selected to be doped according to the impermeability of the test piece, the lateral leakage phenomenon at the periphery of the test piece can be eliminated, the accuracy of a test result can be guaranteed, and the working efficiency can be improved. Compared with paraffin and silica gel, the sealing material for cement and grease in which the water-absorbing resin is added has the advantages of being more convenient to manufacture and use, simpler to operate, harmless to a human body, and environmentally friendly, wherein time-saving and effort-saving effects are achieved, and the economic benefits and social benefits are very remarkable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the detection technique field of building materials, particularly relate to a kind of encapsulant for concrete and mortar impermeability test.
Background technology
According to < < Standard for test methods of longterm performance and durability of ordinary concrete standard > > (GBT50082-2009) and < < building mortar basic performance tests method standard > > (JGJ/T70-2009) regulation, the anti-permeability performance of concrete and mortar is an important indicator evaluating its permanance, by the impermeability test of concrete and mortar, obtains.
Process of the test in view of impermeability test method, only have seepage that water occurs by test specimen inside just to represent the anti-permeability performance of concrete and mortar, thereby do not allow in test water to see through between test specimen and die trial, there is periphery seepage, otherwise can cause test findings untrue, therefore between test specimen and die trial, will seal.For a long time, sealing method mainly comprises:
(1) paraffin encapsulating method.Test specimen side wrap up in be coated with one deck fusing in add the paraffin of a small amount of rosin.Adopt paraffin and rosin to have two shortcomings, the one, add heated paraffin and rosin and can produce certain irritant gas, operating personnel's respiratory tract is caused to stimulation; The 2nd, sealing is poor, paraffin is difficult to evenly smear on the surface of test specimen, thickness differs, and paraffin becomes fragile after cooling, and will be by applying larger external force in packing the process of mould into, the paraffin that is easy to make to be originally attached to specimen surface comes off or pushes and splits, and loses the effect of sealing.
(2) cement adds grease seal method.Cement and butter mass ratio are (2-4): 1.But encapsulant is easy to apply, evenly very easily do not occur that test specimen peripheral sealing is not tight, the situation that periphery leaks occurs, cause concrete and the failure of mortar impermeability test, must change test specimen and re-start seal operation and test, cause material, the energy and waste of time.
(3) silica gel sealing method.Adopt after silica gel sealing, need to place more than 12 hours, for impervious pressure, higher test can not meet the demands simultaneously, proceeds to a half test specimen occur that limit oozes through the test of being everlasting.And such encapsulant brings very large impact to working environment clean, after test, discarded material is also unfavorable for environmental protection.
Especially when doing mortar impermeability test; because the height of mortar specimen is little, permeation pathway is short, therefore by test piece balance to be pressed into punching block very important; but in practical operation, often there will be test specimen to be pressed into unevenly punching block, cause the side leakage phenomenon in mortar impermeability test more common.Therefore, provide a kind of simple reliable encapsulating method to seem very necessary.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of encapsulant for concrete and mortar impermeability test, guaranteeing on simple to operate, the clean basis of encapsulant, eliminate the problem of impervious test piece periphery seepage, greatly improved the work efficiency of impermeability test.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
For an encapsulant for impermeability test, sealing material is that conventional seals material is mixed and formed by the volume ratio of 1-25:1 with water-absorbing resin.
Preferably, for an encapsulant for impermeability test, wherein the volume ratio of conventional seals material and water-absorbing resin is 1-6:1.
Preferred water-absorbing resin is water-absorbent starch resins, cellulose family water-absorbing resin or synthetic polymer class water-absorbing resin.
Further preferred water-absorbing resin is absorption resin of sodium polyacrylate.
Above-mentioned conventional seals material is potpourri or the paste silica gel of the potpourri, cement and the butter that are fused into liquid paraffin and rosin.
In the potpourri of above-mentioned cement and butter, the mass ratio of cement and butter is 2-4:1.
In the potpourri of above-mentioned paraffin and rosin, the mass ratio of paraffin and rosin is 4-6:1.
Above-mentioned impermeability test is concrete impermeability test or mortar impermeability test.
The above-mentioned encapsulant for impermeability test is in the application of impermeability test, according to the conventional seals material of selecting encapsulating method separately, above-mentioned encapsulant is evenly wrapped up in to the side elevation that is coated in concrete or mortar impervious test piece, then use pressurized equipment that test specimen is pressed in impervious test mould, and test specimen is flushed with die trial edge is consistent, test specimen is packed in Anti-leakage instrument together with die trial, can carry out impermeability test.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
Encapsulant for impermeability test of the present invention, in conventional seals material, added appropriate water-absorbent resin powder, in impermeability test, meet after water, the hundreds of that sealing material can expand into own vol arrives the hydrogel of several thousand times, can stop up the minim gap between test specimen and die trial, thereby further guarantee the sealing of test specimen.And sealing material is easy to smear evenly on test specimen surface, even and test specimen deviation slightly in being pressed into the process of punching block, do not have any side leakage yet, sealing effectiveness is very remarkable.
The encapsulant that can be used for impermeability test of the present invention is to select suitable water-absorbing resin volume according to the impermeability of test specimen.When the volume ratio of conventional seals material and water-absorbing resin is 1-3:1, even if side leakage does not occur the pressure that sealed test piece is born more than 4.0MPa yet; When the volume ratio of conventional seals material and water-absorbing resin is 3-6:1, sealed test piece can be born the pressure below 2.0MPa and side leakage not occurred; When the volume ratio of conventional seals material and water-absorbing resin is 6-10:1, sealed test piece can be born the pressure below 1.0MPa and side leakage not occurred; When the volume ratio of conventional seals material and water-absorbing resin is 10-25:1, sealed test piece can be born the pressure below 0.5MPa and side leakage not occurred.Hence one can see that, and seal member material properties of the present invention is good, and easy operating seals consuming time less, has stopped side leakage phenomenon, has significantly improved work efficiency, and has ensured operating personnel's safety.
Encapsulant for impermeability test of the present invention has guaranteed the effect of concrete and mortar specimen sealing, especially also very good for mortar specimen effect.For adding the encapsulant of water-absorbing resin in the potpourri at cement and butter, with paraffin, compare with silica gel, have more making and easy to use, simple to operate, time saving and energy saving, harmless, environment amenable advantage, economic benefit and social benefit are fairly obvious.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is described in more detail, but content not thereby limiting the invention.
The water-absorbing resin that following embodiment adopts, is the absorption resin of sodium polyacrylate that commercial sources is buied, and such water-absorbing resin is preferred water-absorbing resin in the present invention, but the kind of water-absorbing resin of the present invention is not limited to the embodiment of example in instructions.
Embodiment 1
The cement and the butter that by mass ratio, are first 2:1 mix, and obtain potpourri A, then are the powder of the absorption resin of sodium polyacrylate of 1:1 to adding volume ratio in potpourri A, and mix, and obtain final encapsulant.During use, with triangular knife, by encapsulant, blade coating is on test specimen side equably, and thickness should be (1～2) mm, then overlaps upper testing mould and test specimen is pressed into, and should make test specimen flush with at the bottom of die trial.Can pack immediately Anti-leakage instrument into pressurizes.
Embodiment 2
First cement and butter are mixed (potpourri A), the mass ratio of cement and butter is 3:1, in potpourri A, add the powder of absorption resin of sodium polyacrylate and mix again, the volume ratio of potpourri A and water-absorbing resin is 3:1, obtains final encapsulant.During use, with triangular knife, by encapsulant, blade coating is on test specimen side equably, and thickness should be (1～2) mm, then overlaps upper testing mould and test specimen is pressed into, and should make test specimen flush with at the bottom of die trial.Can pack immediately Anti-leakage instrument into pressurizes.
Embodiment 3
First cement and butter are mixed (potpourri A), the mass ratio of cement and butter is 4:1, in potpourri A, add the powder of absorption resin of sodium polyacrylate and mix again, the volume ratio of potpourri A and water-absorbing resin is 6:1, obtains final encapsulant.During use, with triangular knife, by encapsulant, blade coating is on test specimen side equably, and thickness should be (1～2) mm, then overlaps upper testing mould and test specimen is pressed into, and should make test specimen flush with at the bottom of die trial.Can pack immediately Anti-leakage instrument into pressurizes.
Embodiment 4
First the interior melted paraffin wax that adds a small amount of rosin is become to liquid, the mass ratio of rosin and paraffin is 1:4, then adds the powder of absorption resin of sodium polyacrylate to stir, and the volume ratio of liquid and water-absorbing resin is 10:1, obtains final encapsulant.During use, rapidly the impervious test block side on surface drying be coated with to one deck encapsulant and want evenly, thickness should be (1～2) mm, guarantees into mould; After encapsulant is smeared, from baking oven, to take out rapidly the complete punching block of baking, impervious test block is put into punching block, while putting into test block, punching block will have uniform temperature to guarantee the good of sealing, then can pack immediately Anti-leakage instrument into and pressurize.
Embodiment 5
First the interior melted paraffin wax that adds a small amount of rosin is become to liquid, the mass ratio of rosin and paraffin is 1:6, then adds the powder of absorption resin of sodium polyacrylate to stir, and the volume ratio of liquid and water-absorbing resin is 15:1, obtains final encapsulant.During use, rapidly the impervious test block side on surface drying be coated with to one deck encapsulant and want evenly, thickness should be (1～2) mm, guarantees into mould; After encapsulant is smeared, from baking oven, to take out rapidly the complete punching block of baking, impervious test block is put into punching block, while putting into test block, punching block will have uniform temperature to guarantee the good of sealing, then can pack immediately Anti-leakage instrument into and pressurize.
Embodiment 6
In the paste silica gel of extruding, add the powder of absorption resin of sodium polyacrylate and mix, the volume ratio of silica gel and water-absorbing resin is 25:1, obtains final encapsulant.During use, with triangular knife, by encapsulant, blade coating is on test specimen side equably, and thickness should be (0.5～1) mm, then overlaps upper testing mould and test specimen is pressed into, and should make test specimen flush with at the bottom of die trial.After 12 hours, after silica gel solidifies, can pack Anti-leakage instrument into pressurizes.
Anti-permeability performance test
1, method of testing is as follows:
(1) choose 42 with a collection of mortar specimen, maintenance is taken out from standard curing box to testing the previous day, and surface is dried.
(2) test specimen is divided into 7 groups at random, 6 every group, by identical staff, is operated.Group 1 is applied in test specimen side by the encapsulant that only contains cement and add butter; Group 2 will add the encapsulant of the water-absorbent resin powder of volume ratio 1-3:1 to be applied in test specimen side in cement and butter; Group 3 will add the encapsulant of the water-absorbent resin powder of volume ratio 3-6:1 to be applied in test specimen side in cement and butter; Group 4 will add the encapsulant of the water-absorbent resin powder of volume ratio 6-10:1 to be applied in test specimen side in cement and butter; Group 5 will add the encapsulant of the water-absorbent resin powder of volume ratio 10-25:1 to be applied in test specimen side in cement and butter; Group 6 will add the encapsulant of the anhydrous chlorides of rase calcium powder of volume ratio 2-6:1 to be applied in test specimen side in cement and butter; Group 7, by adding the encapsulant of the active carbon powder of volume ratio 2-6:1 to be applied in test specimen side in cement and butter, packs test specimen in mould into by standard, and records each test specimen of this process time used.
(3) test specimen is pressurizeed step by step, observe at any time the infiltration situation at test specimen edge, record respectively force value and corresponding seepage type, in Table l.
2, test result
(1) each test specimen is smeared encapsulant average 3 minutes consuming time, with pressing machine, test specimen is pressed into die trial average 5 minutes consuming time, the close Encapsulation Moulds test specimen of each test specimen 8 minutes consuming time altogether.
(2) test specimen sealing effectiveness comparison
As shown in Table 1, with cement, add in the test specimen of grease seal, have 3 test specimens when pressure initial value 0.2MPa, just to start to occur side leakage, all the other 3 test specimens do not have side leakage at original pressure, but start to occur side leakage when pressure reaches respectively 0.5MPa, 0.7MPa and 1.0MPa.And when the volume ratio of conventional seals material and water-absorbing resin is 1-3:1, even if side leakage does not occur the pressure that sealed test piece is born more than 4.0MPa yet; When the volume ratio of conventional seals material and water-absorbing resin is 3-6:1, there is the pressure of 4 test specimens more than 2.0MPa just to start side leakage, other 2 test specimens are saturating by positive normal pressure, illustrate that the sealed test piece under this ratio can at least guarantee that side leakage does not occur the pressure below 2.0MPa; When the volume ratio of conventional seals material and water-absorbing resin is 6-10:1, all just there is side leakage in 6 sealed test piece more than 1.0MPa, illustrates that the sealed test piece under this ratio can at least guarantee that side leakage does not occur the pressure below 1.0MPa; When the volume ratio of conventional seals material and water-absorbing resin is 10-25:1, all there is side leakage in 6 sealed test piece between 0.5MPa～1.3MPa, illustrates that the sealed test piece under this ratio can at least guarantee that side leakage does not occur the pressure below 0.5MPa.And 5.0MPa has been the range of instrument, the impervious pressure of general test specimen seldom has over 4.0MPa, therefore can select suitable water-absorbing resin volume according to the impermeability of test specimen.
On the other hand, admixture other absorbent material as the encapsulant of anhydrous calcium chloride and active carbon powder, under the pressure of 0.3MPa and 0.4MPa, just all there is side leakage respectively, be far smaller than the encapsulant of admixture water-absorbing resin, affected efficiency and the accuracy of experiment.
In summary, seal member material properties of the present invention is good, and easy operating seals consuming time less, has stopped side leakage phenomenon, has significantly improved work efficiency, and has ensured operating personnel's safety.
Table 1 each test specimen seepage type and leak pressure
Claims (9)
1. for an encapsulant for impermeability test, it is characterized in that, described encapsulant is that conventional seals material is mixed and formed by the volume ratio of 1-25:1 with water-absorbing resin.
2. encapsulant according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the volume ratio of described conventional seals material and water-absorbing resin is 1-6:1.
3. encapsulant according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described water-absorbing resin is water-absorbent starch resins, cellulose family water-absorbing resin or synthetic polymer class water-absorbing resin.
4. encapsulant according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described water-absorbing resin is absorption resin of sodium polyacrylate.
5. encapsulant according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described conventional seals material is potpourri or the paste silica gel of the potpourri, cement and the butter that are fused into liquid paraffin and rosin.
6. encapsulant according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in the potpourri of described cement and butter, the mass ratio of cement and butter is 2-4:1.
7. encapsulant according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in the potpourri of described paraffin and rosin, the mass ratio of paraffin and rosin is 4-6:1.
8. encapsulant according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described impermeability test is concrete impermeability test or mortar impermeability test.
9. the encapsulant for impermeability test described in claim 1-8 any one is in the application of impermeability test.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310685284.8A CN103712901B (en) | 2013-12-13 | 2013-12-13 | A kind of encapsulant for impermeability test and application thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310685284.8A CN103712901B (en) | 2013-12-13 | 2013-12-13 | A kind of encapsulant for impermeability test and application thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103712901A true CN103712901A (en) | 2014-04-09 |
| CN103712901B CN103712901B (en) | 2015-12-09 |
Family
ID=50406050
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310685284.8A Active CN103712901B (en) | 2013-12-13 | 2013-12-13 | A kind of encapsulant for impermeability test and application thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103712901B (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105181548A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-12-23 | 新疆农业大学 | Sealing material for concrete impermeability tests and test method thereof |
| CN105399378A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-03-16 | 中国水利水电第十三工程局有限公司 | Sealing material for testing of impermeability of concrete and application method thereof |
| CN106495588A (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2017-03-15 | 安徽鹰龙工业设计有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of waterproof concrete |
| CN107202753A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-09-26 | 中震（北京）工程检测股份有限公司 | A kind of mixing encapsulant and its implementation for impermeability test |
| CN109827713A (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2019-05-31 | 中震（北京）工程检测股份有限公司 | It is a kind of to be tested using mixing sealing material for anti-leakage |
| CN109937195A (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2019-06-25 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | The method for preparing solid cement composition |
| CN113405873A (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2021-09-17 | 江苏省建筑工程质量检测中心有限公司 | Sealing device for concrete entity impermeability test and impermeability test method |
| CN114085650A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-02-25 | 陕西泾港沣环保建材有限公司 | Sealant for concrete impermeability detection, preparation method thereof and concrete impermeability detection method |
| CN114197908A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2022-03-18 | 贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司汇川分公司 | Leakage-proof treatment method for roof of curing barn |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1045241A2 (en) * | 1999-04-14 | 2000-10-18 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Method of measuring the permeability of a material using thermogravimetric analysis techniques |
| CN101666736A (en) * | 2009-09-25 | 2010-03-10 | 东南大学 | Impermeability test method for concrete |
| CN101967240A (en) * | 2010-09-21 | 2011-02-09 | 重庆市万通工业有限公司 | Water swelling rubber, metallic composite sealing material and preparation methods thereof |
| CN102050995A (en) * | 2009-11-09 | 2011-05-11 | 张家港市森达外加剂厂 | Method for preparing packing and sealing fireproof adhesive |
-
2013
- 2013-12-13 CN CN201310685284.8A patent/CN103712901B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1045241A2 (en) * | 1999-04-14 | 2000-10-18 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Method of measuring the permeability of a material using thermogravimetric analysis techniques |
| CN101666736A (en) * | 2009-09-25 | 2010-03-10 | 东南大学 | Impermeability test method for concrete |
| CN102050995A (en) * | 2009-11-09 | 2011-05-11 | 张家港市森达外加剂厂 | Method for preparing packing and sealing fireproof adhesive |
| CN101967240A (en) * | 2010-09-21 | 2011-02-09 | 重庆市万通工业有限公司 | Water swelling rubber, metallic composite sealing material and preparation methods thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 许临: "遇水膨胀橡胶-一种新型的止水材料", 《防渗技术》 * |
| 郑延成: "高吸水性树脂及其在石油工业的应用", 《钻采工艺》 * |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106495588A (en) * | 2015-08-04 | 2017-03-15 | 安徽鹰龙工业设计有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of waterproof concrete |
| CN105181548A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-12-23 | 新疆农业大学 | Sealing material for concrete impermeability tests and test method thereof |
| CN105399378A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-03-16 | 中国水利水电第十三工程局有限公司 | Sealing material for testing of impermeability of concrete and application method thereof |
| CN109937195A (en) * | 2016-11-11 | 2019-06-25 | 国际壳牌研究有限公司 | The method for preparing solid cement composition |
| CN107202753A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-09-26 | 中震（北京）工程检测股份有限公司 | A kind of mixing encapsulant and its implementation for impermeability test |
| CN109827713A (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2019-05-31 | 中震（北京）工程检测股份有限公司 | It is a kind of to be tested using mixing sealing material for anti-leakage |
| CN114197908A (en) * | 2020-09-18 | 2022-03-18 | 贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司汇川分公司 | Leakage-proof treatment method for roof of curing barn |
| CN113405873A (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2021-09-17 | 江苏省建筑工程质量检测中心有限公司 | Sealing device for concrete entity impermeability test and impermeability test method |
| CN114085650A (en) * | 2021-11-22 | 2022-02-25 | 陕西泾港沣环保建材有限公司 | Sealant for concrete impermeability detection, preparation method thereof and concrete impermeability detection method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103712901B (en) | 2015-12-09 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103712901A (en) | Sealing material for impermeability tests | |
| CN101904541B (en) | Deoxidizing preservative and preparation method thereof | |
| CN101666736A (en) | Impermeability test method for concrete | |
| CN105445168B (en) | A kind of pore pressure within asphalt pavement simulating test device and method | |
| CN105181548A (en) | Sealing material for concrete impermeability tests and test method thereof | |
| CN103922649B (en) | A kind of refuse landfill surface coating material and application thereof | |
| CN107202753A (en) | A kind of mixing encapsulant and its implementation for impermeability test | |
| CN104977235A (en) | Method for concrete impermeability test adopting rubber sleeve seal | |
| CN101423419B (en) | Concrete impervious test piece sealant | |
| CN101832905A (en) | Key sealing method in test for testing grade of concrete impermeability | |
| CN202256112U (en) | Cylindrical concrete penetration test device | |
| CN202230008U (en) | Cone-frustum-shaped penetration test device for concrete | |
| CN106564115A (en) | Method for pressing coal ash brick bases | |
| CN206321544U (en) | A kind of concrete water resistant oozes experiment test specimen sealing device | |
| CN109827713A (en) | It is a kind of to be tested using mixing sealing material for anti-leakage | |
| CN109540616A (en) | A kind of production method of mortar impervious test piece | |
| CN105891086A (en) | Gap sealing method for water penetration resistance test of concrete | |
| CN107946652A (en) | A kind of flexible-packed battery aluminum plastic film encapsulation performance detection method | |
| CN102507298A (en) | Method for sealing concrete anti-permeating test piece | |
| CN103351173A (en) | Sealant used during impermeable concrete test | |
| CN102050592B (en) | Concrete impermeable sealant | |
| CN205013682U (en) | Impervious sealing washer of concrete | |
| CN108585626A (en) | A kind of multiplexing intumescent lotion discharge drilling sealing material based on bastard coal mountain flour | |
| CN203422252U (en) | Impervious instrument testing mold | |
| CN202898318U (en) | Device for automatic production of silicone sealant |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |