Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, for the above-mentioned defect of prior art, provides a kind of exploitation method solving stope ponding, ore carrying quickness and high efficiency, goaf top plate convenient management reliable narrow vein basin shape nugget.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
An exploitation method for narrow vein basin shape nugget, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1), nugget detection: bore detecting is carried out to this nugget, and determines nugget minimum point;
(2), arrange that journey is opened in developing: according to nugget result of detection, annular gallery is arranged on the top of nugget, bottom haulage way is arranged at nugget bottom part down, bottom nugget, arrange that ore chute, pedestrian's connecting taxiway are also mutually through by bottom haulage way, centered by pedestrian's connecting taxiway, arrange at least one ventilation pedestrain raise respectively to annular flat lane, top, described annular gallery and bottom haulage way are linked with respectively and lead to extraneous outside conveying gallery;
(3), back production: carry out upstriker back production along each ventilation pedestrain raise bottom nugget, can irregular pillar be laid according to ore situation of change therebetween, to support goaf top plate;
(4), roof control: Classification Management is taked to top board, wherein little span back production is adopted for nugget Zhou Bu district, safeguard the globality of roof rock; Supporting is carried out to the fracture area of fault tectonic, controls the inbreak of loose rock mass; To roof rock globality difference but lithology hard and have the region of suitable lumpiness adopt pipe-seam type anchor rod protect top to carry out roof control.
In described step (1), according to detection principles, bore detecting is carried out to nugget, draw out nugget floor isohypse, by the minimum point of the nugget base plate isohypse determination nugget of drafting.
In described step (2), described upper, annular gallery is connected with outside haulage way, and described bottom haulage way is also connected with outside haulage way.
In described step (2), annular gallery is arranged specifically in the described top at nugget: according to the nugget base plate isohypse drawn, and arranges upper, annular gallery along the highest isohypse in nugget base plate isohypse.
In described step (2), describedly bottom nugget, arrange bottom haulage way specifically: bottom ore deposit, arrange bottom haulage way from nearest outside haulage way, arteries and veins tunnels to nugget bottom part down outward.
In described step (2), described ore chute is arranged specifically: the inclination angle of ore chute is greater than 45 °, and the height of ore chute is determined according to the absolute altitude of nugget minimum point and the outside haulage way discrepancy in elevation.
In described step (2), described pedestrian's connecting taxiway is arranged specifically: the inclination angle of pedestrian's connecting taxiway is less than 30 °, and the height of described pedestrian's connecting taxiway is determined according to the absolute altitude of nugget minimum point and the outside haulage way discrepancy in elevation.
In described step (2), described ventilation pedestrain raise is arranged specifically: arrange many ventilation pedestrain raises, spatially in " umbrella frame " shape, tunnels along the pulse, bottom nugget, forms emergency exit with the annular gallery UNICOM on nugget top.
In described step (3), described upstriker back production specifically: from the bottom of nugget, along ventilation pedestrain raise; start production ore from the bottom to top, and in recovery process, according to goaf top plate actual state; the local indwelling ore pillar needed, to guarantee to protect safety coal extraction.
In described step (4), little span back production specifically: according to Stope roof actual state, in time adjustment rooming span, when steady of roof is better, selects the span of 8-12 rice; When steady of roof is poor, select the span of 3-8 rice.
The present invention is directed to the concrete structure feature of basin shape nugget, on the basis determining nugget minimum point, arrange that journey is opened in developing, namely bottom " basin " shape nugget, go out to send layout development engineering, the defect existed in prior art can be solved preferably on the one hand, solve the problem such as ventilation, pedestrian, Ore Transportation of nugget on the other hand.The mode of exploitation is from " basin " shape nugget bottom, upwards carries out operation, carry out ascending mining along mineral ore tendency.Ascending mining is by low level to high-order homework, and the waste water that the scope of operation produces directly can flow automatically from the scope of operation and enter bottom haulage way and can not accumulate in operation area; Do not have operation water to assemble equally, goaf top plate would not be made to contact ponding, and top board can not soften because of the effect of water, argillization, and its steadiness can not reduce, and is conducive to roof control; Ascending mining, the ore after explosion is from high-order toward low level haulage, moves down by ore deadweight, quick, laborsaving; Solve stope ponding and stope ore handling difficulty preferably, be conducive to stope ground roof control.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to there be understanding clearly to technical characteristic of the present invention, object and effect, now contrast accompanying drawing and describe the specific embodiment of the present invention in detail.
An exploitation method for narrow vein basin shape nugget, comprises the following steps:
(1), determine nugget minimum point: bore detecting is carried out to this nugget, determine nugget minimum point.According to bore detecting principle from high to low, bore detecting is carried out to nugget, draw out nugget base plate isohypse, as shown in Figure 1, the concentric circular lines shown in figure is nugget base plate isohypse, by the minimum point of the base plate isohypse determination nugget of drafting, shown in figure, the toroid in bosom is exactly minimum isohypse, and minimum point is minimum isocontour center.
(2), arrange that journey is opened in developing: as shown in Figure 1, 2, annular gallery is arranged on the top of nugget, bottom haulage way is arranged bottom nugget, bottom nugget, arrange that ore chute, pedestrian's connecting taxiway are also mutually through by bottom haulage way, centered by pedestrian's connecting taxiway, arrange at least one ventilation pedestrain raise respectively to annular flat lane, top, described annular gallery and bottom haulage way are linked with respectively and lead to extraneous outside conveying gallery; Described layout comprises each step of design, tunneling construction, and mining excavation construction adopts routine techniques, does not repeat them here.
According to the exploration result of whole nugget, and according to opening the design planning of journey, first arrange two outside haulage ways, the annular gallery that a correspondence designs, the bottom haulage way that another correspondence designs.Article two, outside haulage way prospective design, tunneling construction adopt routine techniques, do not repeat them here.
Then, annular gallery is arranged on the described top at nugget, and its arrangement principle solves pedestrian, ventilation and emergency exit problem.Specifically according to the ore bedy groundbathymetric drawn, upper, annular gallery is arranged along the highest annular elevation line in ore bedy groundbathymetric, tunneling construction can from the haulage way of top, two scope of operations are divided to carry out tunneling construction, the gradient 6 ‰, specifications section 2.4m × 2.4m, tunnels along the pulse, then mutually through.
Describedly bottom nugget, arrange bottom haulage way, its arrangement principle solves pedestrian, ventilation, draining, Ore Transportation and emergency exit problem, specifically bottom ore deposit, arrange bottom haulage way from nearest outside haulage way, the tunneling construction gradient and end face specification adopt conventional scheme, the tunneling construction gradient 6 ‰ in the present embodiment, specifications section 2.4m × 2.4m, arteries and veins tunnels outward to nugget bottom part down.
The arrangement principle of described ore chute be ore under guaranteeing to make to adopt from stope from slipping in the haulage way of bottom, concrete technical indicator designs according to actual conditions, the present embodiment specifically inclination angle is greater than 45 °, this inclination angle slips under being conducive to ore, specifications section 1.8m × 1.8m, ore chute height is determined depending on the concrete condition of nugget elevation of bottom and the outside haulage way discrepancy in elevation, and the present invention is not construed as limiting.
The arrangement principle of described pedestrian's connecting taxiway guarantees that operating personnel can arrive the top stope scope of operation from bottom haulage way, guarantee freshly distinguished and admirablely can enter the scope of operation, specifically inclination angle is less than 30 °, specifications section 1.8m × 1.8m, the concrete condition highly depending on nugget elevation of bottom and the outside haulage way discrepancy in elevation is determined.
Described ventilation pedestrain raise, its arrangement principle guarantees pedestrian's connecting taxiway and the through so that pedestrian of ventilating of top haulage way, guarantees emergency exit, general layout 4, specifically dug ore chute and pedestrian's connecting taxiway and mutually through after, arrange 4 ventilation pedestrain raises, spatially in " umbrella frame " shape, specifications section 1.8m × 2.4m, tunnels along the pulse, with formation emergency exit, nugget top bottom nugget, so far, complete all journeys of opening to arrange.
(3), back production: drive a well along each ventilation pedestrian bottom nugget and carry out upstriker back production, can irregular pillar be arranged according to ore situation of change therebetween, to support goaf top plate;
Described back production refers to and completes the mining such as mine locating, the developing of top and the bottom haulage way, pedestrian's connecting taxiway, ore chute, ventilation pedestrain raise preparatory construction to a nugget, and after reaching the mining condition of Safety regulations stipulate, the ore recuperation work carried out.The work such as back production comprises operation preparation, rock drilling (Drilling big gun hole), powder charge, blows out, stope ventilation, second-time breakage, stope haulage ore (scraper scraping), ore chute ore drawing, bottom haulage way transport, it is a groundwork of results mining achievement, the whole operation of back production all can adopt corresponding prior art, does not repeat them here.
The present invention adopts upstriker back production, described upstriker back production from the bottom of nugget, along ventilation pedestrain raise; start production ore from the bottom to top, and in recovery process, according to goaf top plate actual state; the local indwelling ore pillar needed, to guarantee to protect safety coal extraction.Described ore pillar is, when back production, part ore is reserved into column, to reach the object supporting goaf top plate.
In the present invention the ore pillar reserved be irregular pillar, described irregular pillar refers to that at the ore pillar size arranged in goaf, array pitch, line-spacing be not unified, but in recovery process, determines according to goaf top plate actual state.The arrangement principle of irregular pillar is: ore pillar height is mineral ore height, and specifications section is 3m × 3m, array pitch 8-15 rice, line-spacing 6-10 rice.
(4), roof control: due to " basin " shape nugget complex genesis, fault intersection is generally had to appear in stope, Stope roof globality is poor, in addition nugget is by the impact of later structural, axle portion, basin stress Relatively centralized, therefore control ground, basin pressure to manifest, the measure doing roof control well is: adopt different management methods for nugget diverse location and structure difference thereof:
A, for Zhou Bu district, basin, the primary stress in this kind of region is concentrated, and presses with mostly being expansion, adopts little span back production, can control the secondary tensile stress at goaf top plate preferably, effectively safeguard the globality of roof rock for nugget Zhou Bu district; Described span, refers to the real space distance between adjacent two ore discharge posts, and the array pitch of ore pillar then refers to the center distance of two ore discharge posts.In the present invention, little span back production refers to: according to Stope roof actual state, and adjustment rooming span, when steady of roof is better, can select the span of 8-12 rice in time; When steadiness is poor, should select the span of 3-8 rice, the selection of concrete span specifically sets according to stope field condition.
B, supporting process is carried out to the fracture area of fault tectonic.This kind of region is pressed with mostly being a prose style free from parallelism, generally adopts wooden support, can control the inbreak of loose rock mass preferably;
By adopting method of the present invention, implement at Mayang Copper Deposit, Hunan 42208 stope, effect is better.Concrete enforcement has been carried out in place, performance: this ore deposit 22# arteries and veins occurs a region Basin Tectonic at northern 5 line positions, and mineral ore thickness is 1.62 meters, and pitch inclination angle average out to 25 °, basin area about 6000 ㎡, bottom at the bottom of basin under 65m level haulage gallery 12 meters.
The shift efficiency adopting the inventive method is 10 tons, the shift efficiency adopting prior art working to the dip is 6 tons, improves 40%, adopts cost of winning of the present invention to be 82 yuan/ton, adopt prior art working to the dip cost of winning be 110 yuan/ton, cost of winning reduces by 40%.In recovery process, operation water gravity flow discharge is unimpeded, does not need to use submersible pump draining.Roof control aspect, top board, by the immersion of operation ponding, does not occur causing because of impeded drainage that top board is softening, argillization situation.