CN103708639A - Metal waste liquid recovery treatment method - Google Patents
Metal waste liquid recovery treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103708639A CN103708639A CN201210393855.6A CN201210393855A CN103708639A CN 103708639 A CN103708639 A CN 103708639A CN 201210393855 A CN201210393855 A CN 201210393855A CN 103708639 A CN103708639 A CN 103708639A
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- waste liquid
- ozone
- mixed solution
- metal waste
- metal
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 239000010814 metallic waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 74
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 36
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 24
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ni+2] BFDHFSHZJLFAMC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012716 precipitator Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005844 autocatalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001455 metallic ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019633 pungent taste Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010801 sewage sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
A metal waste liquid recovery treatment method comprises the following steps: adding an alkaline chemical to the metal waste liquid to form a mixed liquid; preparing an ozone microbubble device which comprises an ozone generator and a microbubble generator connected with the ozone generator; introducing ozone into the mixed solution to obtain mixed solution containing ozone bubbles, then pushing the mixed solution to the micro-bubble generator, refining the ozone bubbles by using the micro-bubble generator, fully mixing the ozone bubbles with the mixed solution, and oxidizing and decomposing organic compounds in the mixed solution to form reaction generated solution; adding an alkaline chemical into the reaction product solution, and filtering to obtain a waste solution. The ozone bubbles are refined by the micro-bubble generator so as to increase the contact area and the detention time of the ozone bubbles and the mixed liquid, thereby effectively reducing the metal content in the metal waste liquid.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of metal waste liquid recovery and treatment method, particularly relate to a kind of metal waste liquid recovery and treatment method that can reach discharge water standard.
Background technology
Electroless plating (Electroless plating) is to utilize autocatalysis principle at the process of surface treatment of matrix surface deposit alloy, is the technology that development is at present quick and have wide range of applications.And chemical nickel plating because have corrosion-resistant, surface hardness is high, chemical stability advantages of higher, so become in electroless plating with fastest developing speed a kind of.But because the processing procedure of electroless plating can produce metal waste liquid, if deal with improperly, easily environmental ecology is caused to serious harm and pollution.Therefore, how effectively processing the metal waste liquid that electroless plating produces is the direction that the art dealer actively makes great efforts.
Mainly to process by the precipitator method metal waste liquid producing after electroless plating processing procedure at present, the precipitator method are to utilize interpolation precipitation agent to make the precipitation by metallic ion in this metal waste liquid, although this method can be removed the metal ion in this metal waste liquid effectively, but not only can produce cannot recycling heavy metal sewage sludge, also can cause the waste of metals resources.In addition, because the organic compound existing in this metal waste liquid, the metal ion of meeting covered section, make the metal ion in this metal waste liquid precipitate completely, therefore, the simple discharge water standard of adding this metal waste liquid after precipitation agent is processed and cannot reach environmental regulation, for example, so must (: clorox add again oxygenant after adding precipitation agent, chlorine etc.) organic compound described in oxygenolysis, the metal ion that order is coated by this organic compound exposes, could further reduce again the metal content in this metal waste liquid, make this metal waste liquid meet discharge water standard.
Yet, the oxygenant that the aforementioned precipitator method are used, because toxicity/pungency is stronger, the strong toxicity of chlorine for example, therefore in operation, have the doubt of security, moreover, as what select is liquid oxygenant, have the problem residuing in this metal waste liquid, must through extra processing, could discharge again.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of metal waste liquid recovery and treatment method that can make metal content in metal waste liquid meet discharge water standard.
So metal waste liquid recovery and treatment method of the present invention comprises the following step:
(i) provide a kind of metal waste liquid;
(ii) in this metal waste liquid, add a kind of the first alkaline chemical, form a kind of pH value and be not less than 12 mixed solution;
(iii) prepare an ozone micro bubble apparatus, comprise an ozone generation device, and a microbubble generator being connected with this ozone generation device;
(iv) ozone that this ozone generation device produces is certainly passed into this mixed solution, obtain the mixed solution that contains ozone bubbles, the mixed solution that again this is contained to ozone bubbles pushes to this microbubble generator, utilize this microbubble generator to make this ozone bubbles refinement, make this ozone bubbles and this mixed solution fully mix and this mixed solution of oxygenolysis in organic compound, to form a kind of reaction solution;
(v) in this reaction solution, add a kind of the second alkaline chemical, form a kind of end reaction and generate liquid;
(vi) this end reaction is generated to liquid and filter, obtain a kind of waste liquid, and the metal content of this waste liquid is not more than 1ppm.
Metal waste liquid recovery and treatment method of the present invention, in this step (i), this metal waste liquid is nickel metal waste liquid.
Metal waste liquid recovery and treatment method of the present invention, this first alkaline chemical and this second alkaline chemical are selected from respectively sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and the alkaline chemical of alkali gold alkaline earths, and this first alkaline chemical and this second alkaline chemical are identical or different.
Metal waste liquid recovery and treatment method of the present invention, in this step (iv), the temperature of this mixed solution maintains 50 ° of C to 90 ° of C.
Metal waste liquid recovery and treatment method of the present invention, preferably, in this step (vi), the metal content of this waste liquid is not more than 0.5ppm.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: utilize this microbubble generator to make this ozone bubbles pulverize and form ultramicrofine ozone bubbles, and then make this ozone bubbles can fully mix with this mixed solution and this mixed solution of oxygenolysis in organic compound.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a schema, and a preferred embodiment of metal waste liquid recovery and treatment method of the present invention is described;
Fig. 2 be one for implementing the formation picture of device of metal waste liquid recovery and treatment method of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in detail.
Consult Fig. 1, a preferred embodiment of metal waste liquid recovery and treatment method of the present invention comprises the following step:
Be noted that in the reaction process of this step 14, this pressure regulator 7 is to be controlled at 1.5 to 1.7 (kg/cm
2), and in order to promote the oxidative decomposition speed between ozone and this organic compound, preferably, the temperature of this mixed solution is to maintain 50 ° of C to 90 ° of C.
In addition, be noted that this first alkaline chemical adding in this second alkaline chemical of adding in this step 15 and this step 12 is identical or different.
The present invention puts up with following 2 concrete examples and 2 comparative examples are described further, but described concrete example is only as the purposes of explanation, should not be interpreted as restriction of the invention process.
concrete example 1:
(1-1) provide respectively 3 liters of undressedization nickel waste liquids after electroless plating processing procedure, and in this change nickel waste liquid, nickel content is 5553ppm.
(1-2) in describedization nickel waste liquid, add different alkaline chemicals respectively, this alkaline chemical is selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and calcium hydroxide, take and forms respectively the mixed solution that pH value is 12.5.
(1-3) described mixed solution is placed in respectively to the tank 2 of this ozone micro bubble apparatus, and the temperature that makes described mixed solution maintains 70 ° of C, make ozone mix with described mixed solution, formation is dissolved with the mixed solution of ozone bubbles, then push to again this microbubble generator 5, make the ozone bubbles in described mixed solution pulverize the ultramicrofine ozone bubbles of formation, the reaction times is 3 hours, forms respectively reaction solution.
(1-4) in described reaction solution, add the alkaline chemical identical with step (1-2), take and form respectively the end reaction generation liquid that pH value is 12.5.
(1-5) described end reaction is generated to liquid and filter, obtain respectively nickel hydroxide precipitate thing and waste liquid.
With ozone, be used as oxygenant and participate in reaction, and utilize this microbubble generator 5 effectively to increase the contact area of ozone and this mixed solution, the difference that just adds alkaline chemical, in the described nickel hydroxide rate of recovery and described waste liquid, the analytical results of nickel content is as shown in the table:
| Alkaline chemical | Nickel content (ppm) | The rate of recovery (%) |
| Sodium hydroxide | 0.46 | 99.9917 |
| Potassium hydroxide | 0.49 | 99.9912 |
| Calcium hydroxide | 0.48 | 99.9914 |
concrete example 2:
(2-1) provide respectively 3 liters of undressedization nickel waste liquids after electroless plating processing procedure, and in this change nickel waste liquid, nickel content is 5553ppm.
(2-2) in describedization nickel waste liquid, add sodium hydroxide respectively, take and form respectively the mixed solution that pH value is 12.5.
(2-3) described mixed solution is placed in respectively to the tank 2 of this ozone micro bubble apparatus, and the temperature that makes described mixed solution maintains respectively 50 ° of C and 90 ° of C, make ozone mix with described mixed solution, formation is dissolved with the mixed solution of ozone bubbles, then push to again this microbubble generator 5, make the ozone bubbles in described mixed solution pulverize the ultramicrofine ozone bubbles of formation, the reaction times is 3 hours, forms respectively reaction solution.
(2-4) in described reaction solution, add sodium hydroxide, form respectively pH value and be 12.5 end reaction and generate liquid.
(2-5) described end reaction is generated to liquid and filter, obtain respectively nickel hydroxide precipitate thing and waste liquid.
With ozone, be used as oxygenant and participate in reaction, and utilize this microbubble generator 5 effectively to increase the contact area of ozone and this mixed solution, with regard to the difference of temperature of reaction, in the described nickel hydroxide rate of recovery and described waste liquid, the analytical results of nickel content is as shown in the table:
| Temperature of reaction | Nickel content (ppm) | The rate of recovery (%) |
| 50°C | 0.48 | 99.9914 |
| 90°C | 0.11 | 99.9980 |
comparative example 1:
(1-1) provide respectively 3 liters of undressedization nickel waste liquids after electroless plating processing procedure, and in this change nickel waste liquid, nickel content is 5553ppm.
(1-2) in describedization nickel waste liquid, add different alkaline chemicals respectively, this alkaline chemical is selected from sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and calcium hydroxide, take and forms respectively the mixed solution that pH value is 12.5.
(1-3) described mixed solution is filtered, obtain respectively nickel hydroxide precipitate thing and waste liquid.
Without adding oxygenant, participate in the difference that reaction just adds alkaline chemical, in the described nickel hydroxide rate of recovery and described waste liquid, the analytical results of nickel content is as shown in the table:
| Alkaline chemical | Nickel content (ppm) | The rate of recovery (%) |
| Sodium hydroxide | 651 | 88.2766 |
| Potassium hydroxide | 507 | 90.8698 |
| Calcium hydroxide | 396 | 92.8687 |
comparative example 2:
(2-1) provide respectively 3 liters of undressedization nickel waste liquids after electroless plating processing procedure, and in this change nickel waste liquid, nickel content is 5553ppm.
(2-2) in describedization nickel waste liquid, add sodium hydroxide respectively, take and form respectively the mixed solution that pH value is 12.5.
(2-3) make described mixeding liquid temperature maintain 30 ° of C, add respectively hydrogen peroxide and clorox to be used as oxygenant, the reaction times is 3 hours, forms respectively reaction solution.
(2-4) in described reaction solution, add sodium hydroxide, take and form respectively the end reaction generation liquid that pH value is 12.5.
(2-5) described end reaction is generated to liquid and filter, obtain respectively nickel hydroxide precipitate thing and waste liquid.
The difference that just adds oxygenant, in the described nickel hydroxide rate of recovery and described waste liquid, the analytical results of nickel content is as shown in the table:
| Oxygenant | Nickel content (ppm) | The rate of recovery (%) |
| Hydrogen peroxide | 16.30 | 99.7064 |
| Clorox | 10.92 | 99.8033 |
Conclusion the above results shows, for processing the metal waste liquid producing after electroless plating processing procedure, more above-mentioned concrete example and comparative example discovery, this comparative example 1 reacts without adding oxygenant, and the nickel content in described waste liquid all cannot reach the discharge water standard below 1ppm; And this comparative example 2 is used respectively hydrogen peroxide and clorox to be used as oxygenant, this changes the organic compound in nickel waste liquid oxygenolysis, by analytical results, shown, use this hydrogen peroxide and this clorox as oxygenant, although existing effect reduces this and changes the nickel content in nickel waste liquid, but cannot reach the standard of discharge water, and liquid oxygenant also can residue in this changes nickel waste liquid, must pass through extra processing again and could discharge.
Yet, this concrete example 1 and this concrete example 2 are to use ozone to participate in reaction as oxygenant, and utilize this microbubble generator 5 that ozone bubbles refinement is formed to ultramicrofine ozone bubbles, effectively increase the contact area of ozone and this mixed solution, by analytical results, shown, nickel content in this change nickel waste liquid has declined to a great extent and all below 0.5ppm, has met the discharge water standard of environmental regulation.In addition, by this concrete example 2, learnt, the increase of temperature of reaction can make the oxidative decomposition speed between ozone and this organic compound promote really, and then effectively reduces the nickel content in this change nickel waste liquid.Moreover the ozone of gaseous state can be decomposed into oxygen later using, do not there is toxicity and can not change nickel waste liquid to this yet and have any impact.
In sum, the present invention uses ozone to be used as oxygenant, and utilize this microbubble generator 5 effectively to increase contact area and the residence time of ozone and this metal waste liquid, reinforcement reaction is carried out and abundant oxygenolysis is present in the organic compound in this metal waste liquid, and then make the metal content reduction in this metal waste liquid reach the standard of discharge water, so really can reach object of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a metal waste liquid recovery and treatment method, comprises the following step: provide a kind of metal waste liquid; In this metal waste liquid, add a kind of the first alkaline chemical, form a kind of pH value and be not less than 12 mixed solution; Prepare an ozone micro bubble apparatus, comprise an ozone generation device, and a microbubble generator being connected with this ozone generation device; Certainly the ozone that this ozone generation device produces is passed in this mixed solution and reacted, to form a kind of reaction solution; In this reaction solution, add a kind of the second alkaline chemical, form a kind of end reaction and generate liquid, and this end reaction is generated to liquid filtration, obtain a kind of waste liquid; It is characterized in that: this mixed solution passes into after ozone, become a kind of mixed solution that contains ozone bubbles, the mixed solution that again this is contained to ozone bubbles pushes to this microbubble generator, utilize this microbubble generator to make this ozone bubbles refinement, make this ozone bubbles and this mixed solution fully mix and this mixed solution of oxygenolysis in organic compound, to form this reaction solution, whereby, make the metal content of this waste liquid be not more than 1ppm.
2. metal waste liquid recovery and treatment method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: this metal waste liquid is nickel metal waste liquid.
3. metal waste liquid recovery and treatment method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: this first alkaline chemical and this second alkaline chemical are selected from respectively sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and the alkaline chemical of alkali gold alkaline earths, and this first alkaline chemical and this second alkaline chemical are identical or different.
4. metal waste liquid recovery and treatment method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the temperature of this mixed solution maintains 50 ° of C to 90 ° of C.
5. metal waste liquid recovery and treatment method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the metal content of this waste liquid is not more than 0.5ppm.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW101135917A TWI535668B (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2012-09-28 | Recycling of metal waste |
| TW101135917 | 2012-09-28 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103708639A true CN103708639A (en) | 2014-04-09 |
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| CN201210393855.6A Pending CN103708639A (en) | 2012-09-28 | 2012-10-17 | Metal waste liquid recovery treatment method |
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| TW (1) | TWI535668B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110759540A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-02-07 | 湖南中湘春天环保科技有限公司 | Treatment method of chemical nickel plating waste liquid |
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| KR100420561B1 (en) * | 2001-05-29 | 2004-03-06 | 주식회사 탑이엔씨 | Micro Dissolved Oxygen Flotation System |
| US20050077250A1 (en) * | 2003-08-01 | 2005-04-14 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials, L.L.C. | Methods for recovering metals |
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| KR20110117924A (en) * | 2010-04-22 | 2011-10-28 | (주)에네시스 | Decontamination method of radioactive contaminant-deposited metal using micro bubble, and an apparatus of such a decontamination therefor |
| CN102277499A (en) * | 2011-08-11 | 2011-12-14 | 杭州凯大催化金属材料有限公司 | Method for recovering rhodium from organic waste liquid produced in carbonyl synthesis reaction |
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2012
- 2012-09-28 TW TW101135917A patent/TWI535668B/en active
- 2012-10-17 CN CN201210393855.6A patent/CN103708639A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100420561B1 (en) * | 2001-05-29 | 2004-03-06 | 주식회사 탑이엔씨 | Micro Dissolved Oxygen Flotation System |
| US20050077250A1 (en) * | 2003-08-01 | 2005-04-14 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials, L.L.C. | Methods for recovering metals |
| CN101475256A (en) * | 2009-01-19 | 2009-07-08 | 中南大学 | Method for treating low concentration cobalt-containing wastewater by ozone dispersion oxidation |
| CN101700944A (en) * | 2009-09-16 | 2010-05-05 | 汤苏云 | Method for increasing utilization rate of ozone jointly processing waste water with biological aerated filter |
| KR20110117924A (en) * | 2010-04-22 | 2011-10-28 | (주)에네시스 | Decontamination method of radioactive contaminant-deposited metal using micro bubble, and an apparatus of such a decontamination therefor |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110759540A (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2020-02-07 | 湖南中湘春天环保科技有限公司 | Treatment method of chemical nickel plating waste liquid |
| CN110759540B (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2022-04-22 | 湖南中湘春天环保科技有限公司 | Treatment method of chemical nickel plating waste liquid |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW201412648A (en) | 2014-04-01 |
| TWI535668B (en) | 2016-06-01 |
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Application publication date: 20140409 |