CN103699391A - Web service transformation method from traditional web services to multi-dimensional semantic models - Google Patents

Web service transformation method from traditional web services to multi-dimensional semantic models Download PDF

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CN103699391A
CN103699391A CN201310755092.XA CN201310755092A CN103699391A CN 103699391 A CN103699391 A CN 103699391A CN 201310755092 A CN201310755092 A CN 201310755092A CN 103699391 A CN103699391 A CN 103699391A
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web service
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CN103699391B (en
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冯志勇
张祯
陈世展
胡小草
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Tianjin University
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of web services and aims to improve availability of semantic web service descriptive models and achieve semantization of existing WSDL-described web services. According to the technical scheme, the method includes the steps of 1, acquiring functional semantics from a WSDL-described service document; 2, acquiring context semantics from the WSDL-described service document; 3, calling a web service, defining performance semantics of the web service according to MSDL standards; 4, acquiring time-space semantics of the service from the WSDL-described document; 5, acquiring technological semantics of the service from the WSDL-described document; 6, defining interaction semantics of the web service according to MSDL standards. The performance semantics of the multi-dimensional model describes quality attribute of the service. The method is mainly applied to web service technologies.

Description

Web service conversion method from Traditional Web services to various dimensions semantic model
Technical field
The present invention relates to Web service technical field, specifically, relate to the Web service conversion method from Traditional Web services to various dimensions semantic model.
Background technology
Web service is a kind of having self-adaptation, self-described, modularization and having the application program of good interoperability based on Web environment.Along with continuing to increase of Web service on internet, the internet of service-centric quietly forms.At present, the existing Web service overwhelming majority is to use WSDL (Web Services Description Language) to describe, these traditional Web services all lack sufficient semantic information, affect the result of service discovery and Services Composition, and made automatic Services Composition produce difficulty.Therefore, necessary semantic information of adding disappearance to existing Web service.
In order to realize Semantic Web Services, semantic extension is carried out in the Web service that research is on the one hand devoted to existing WSDL to describe, attempt to extract semantic information from existing Web service, by using each conception of species that in body, machine understandable metadata mark Service Source is described.As METEOR-S semantic tagger framework transforms by XMLSchema and the body of Web service being described in document, then it is mated, and select optimum coupling as annotation results.But the automaticity of these class methods is high not enough, and the semanteme of expansion is also restricted.
Research is on the other hand devoted to propose the description standard of Semantic Web Services.Because the description of Semantic Web Services is the relevant operation of Web service or the basis of processing, therefore, in the service development stage, by ontology describing, serve, make Web service just possess semantic information at bottom, fundamentally eliminate the heterogeneous or ambiguousness between service interaction processing, for the interoperability of serving provides semantic basis.Multiple Semantic Web Services descriptive model has been proposed at present, as the Web language service (OWL-S) based on body, Web service model ontology (WSMO), lightweight service semantic description (WSMO-lite), semantic Web service body (SWSO), SOA reference model, WSDL semantic tagger (SAWSDL) and general semantics service description language (sdl) (USDL) etc., wherein the first five is planted model and has all abandoned existing WSDL (Web Services Description Language) framework; And SAWSDL and USDL are on WSDL basis, use Ontological concept to add semantic information to WSDL document.
Above technology has proposed different solutions to realizing Semantic Web Services, but still has following problem:
1) method that semantic extension is carried out in existing Web service is based upon on the framework of Traditional Web services completely, semantic extension degree and ability for service are very limited, the expansion algorithm of the overwhelming majority has just increased the functional semantics of service, but lack otherwise semanteme, as semantic in the context of service.
2) although standard is described in existing Web service, a kind of new Web Services Description Language (WSDL) has been proposed, greatly strengthened the semantic information of Web service, but they have all abandoned the structure of Traditional Web services language WSDL, and do not propose corresponding method and make up the difference between WSDL language and Semantic Web Services language.
3), there is the difference of describing mode in existing each disunity of Web service semantic model.As owing to lacking the semantic constraint common to Web service between ISP and between ISP and user, interoperability and the discovery of service and the efficiency of combination between Web service have been hindered.
For above problem, be necessary to propose a semantic Web service model and make up the difference between WSDL language and Semantic Web Services language, simultaneously, not only to consider the semanteme of the simple function aspects of Web service, also should consider from a plurality of angles the semanteme of Web service, as semantic informations such as the space-time of Web service and contexts, and the interaction semantics of Web service, and realize the Web service conversion from Traditional Web services to this semantic Web service model.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to solution and overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, the various dimensions semantic model of Web service is by Web service various dimensions semantic description language (Multidimensional Semantic Description Language, MSDL) standard the definition of Web service, MSDL can the compatible WSDL based on semantic.The various dimensions semantic model of Web service not only comprises the functional semantics of Web service, also comprises the semantic information such as space-time, context, service relation of Web service.The present invention is intended to improve the availability of Semantic Web Services descriptive model, realizes the semantization of the Web service that existing WSDL is described.The technical solution used in the present invention is that the Web service conversion method from Traditional Web services to various dimensions semantic model, comprises the steps:
1) the service documents of describing from WSDL, obtain functional semantics, the functional semantics of various dimensions semantic model refers to the function that called Web service can realize, four parts have mainly been comprised: service goal (Goal), import of services (Input), service output (Output) and service constraints (Constraint), provided by Backus normal form (1):
<FunSem>∷＝<Goal><Input><Output><Constraint>{″and″|″or″|″not″} (1)
The target of the operation information acquisition Web service of 1-1 in WSDL document, by action name and the descriptor of the <operation> element in WSDL, standard according to MSDL about service goal, extracts the target of Web service; Moving guest's phrase that the target usage behavior (Behavior) of the Web service of various dimensions semantic model and intention (Intention) form is described, as shown in Backus normal form (2), Behavior represents that operation is directed to behavior and the action that certain intention is carried out, and represents to be intended to the concept set B of corelation behaviour with certain field nrepresent, shown in (3), Intention is the intention of operation, describes the intention of Web service, by concept (Concept), attribute (Attribute) or the example (Instance) of body shown in (4);
<Goal>∷＝<Behaviour><Intention> (2)
<Behaviour>∷＝B 1″or″B 2″or″…″or″B n (3)
<Intention>→Concept|Instance|Attribute (4)
The input and output of the input and output parameter acquiring various dimensions semantic service of 1-2 in WSDL document, by the parameter name information in the <input> element in WSDL and <output> element, standard according to MSDL about import of services and input, extract the input and output of Web service, in various dimensions semantic model, the input and output of service are as the important component part of function, concept, attribute or example by body are described, shown in (5) (6);
<Input>→Concept|Instance|Attribute (5)
<Output>→Concept|Instance|Attribute (6)
The description of the service of 1-3 in WSDL document and operation is obtained Web service and is retrained, by the service description information of the <service> element in WSDL, and the operation descriptor of <operation> element, according to the standard about service constraints of MSDL, extract the constraint of Web service, in various dimensions semantic model, Web service constraint limits and illustrates service function, with atom predicate C i, i=1,2 ..., m, represents a concrete functional restraint, a plurality of atom predicates accord with " and " by logic and connect, shown in (7);
<Constraint>∷＝C 1″and″C 2″and″…″and″C m (7)
2) the service documents of describing from WSDL, obtain context semanteme.In various dimensions semantic model, contextual information has comprised the affiliated field (Domain) of service, the label (Tag) of service provider (Provider) and service, shown in (8), wherein, under service, field is listed in formula (9), service may belong to different fields, Provider has described provider's information of Web service, as company or organization name, according to WSDL, the input and output information in document is described, the standard according to MSDL about service field, the field of definition various dimensions Semantic Web Services; According to WSDL, describe the <definitions> element in document, extract targetNamespace attribute, the standard according to MSDL about service provider, the provider of definition various dimensions Semantic Web Services; By the service labels on the source web of service, obtain the label of service, or according to the functional semantics of service, manually add the label of service;
<ConSem>∷＝<Domain><Provider><Tag> (8)
<Domain>→Travel|Education|Medical|Food|Communication|Economy|Weapons|Geography|Simulation|… (9)
3) by calling this Web service, semantic according to the performance of MSDL normalized definition Web service, the performance semantic description of various dimensions semantic model the qualitative attribute of this service, comprise suc as formula six parts shown in (10);
<PerSem>∷＝<ResponseTime><Price><Availability><Reliability><Throughput><Security> (10)
<ResponseTime>∷＝<Number> (11)
<Price>∷＝<Number> (12)
<Availability>∷∷＝<Number> (13)
<Reliability>∷＝<Number> (14)
<Throughput>∷＝<Number> (15)
<Security>∷＝<Degree> (16)
<Degree>→General|Medium|Advanced (17)
The response time of 3-1 calculation services (ResponseTime), by numeral, as shown in Backus normal form (11), the response time of the operation op that service s is corresponding equals to transmit a request to the interval time of acceptance response information, is the processing time T of this service operations processwith service transmission time T transsum, is provided by formula (18):
q rt(s，op)＝T process(s，op)+T trans(s，op) (18)
3-2 calculates the cost (Price) of the service of calling, and has comprised that service requester wants the expense of executable operations, as shown in Backus normal form (12);
The accessibility of 3-3 calculation services (Availability), as shown in Backus normal form (13), accessibility refers to the probability that service can be accessed within a period of time, by formula (19), is provided:
q av(s)＝T a(s)/θ (19)
Wherein, T a(s) be in the time period, to serve at θ total time that s can be accessed;
The reliability of 3-4 calculation services (Reliability), as shown in Backus normal form (14), reliability refers in greatest expected in the time, the probability that request is correctly responded, is provided by formula (20):
q rel(s)＝N c(s)/K (20)
Wherein, N c(s) be in the time, to serve in greatest expected the number of times that s is successfully paid, K refers to total call number;
3-5 calculates throughput (Throughput), refers in given a period of time, serves total call number, and as shown in Backus normal form (15), throughput increases, and the response time also will become large;
3-6 evaluates the security (Security) of service, as shown in Backus normal form (16), the security of service can be weighed with rank (Degree), one (General), other description of medium (Medium) and senior (Advanced) three levels have been comprised, as shown in Backus normal form (17);
4) from WSDL, describe the space-time semanteme that document obtains service, record the status information of Web service on time and space, Backus normal form (21) is shown in the space-time semantical definition of various dimensions semantic model;
<SpTSem>∷＝<Space><Time> (21)
<Space>→Cyberspace|PhysicalLocation (22)
<Time>∷＝<LifeCycle><Status> (23)
<LifeCycle>∷＝<PubDate><DeathDate> (24)
<Status>→Innovation|Offering|Matchmaking|Usage|Feedback (25)
The service describing of 4-1 in WSDL document obtains space (Space) semanteme of Web service, by the location property value of the <service> element in WSDL, according to the standard about service clearance semanteme of MSDL, the Spatial Semantics of definition Web service.In various dimensions semantic model, the Spatial Semantics of service has illustrated the residing physically positional information of Web service or the subordinate's of institute virtual address, shown in (22), any Web service spatially all can have relatively-stationary physical location (PhysicalLocation) or address, Virtual Space (Cyberspace);
4-2, by calling this Web service, by returning results tense (Time) semanteme that obtains this service, according to the standard about service constraints of MSDL, defines the temporal meaning of various dimensions Semantic Web Services.In various dimensions semantic model, the temporal meaning definition of Web service is suc as formula shown in (23), it has illustrated that Web service is at the residing state of whole life cycle different time points (Status), as service, provide the stage condition information such as (Offering), coupling (Matchmaking) and feedback (Feedback), shown in (25); Also characterized the cycle (LifeCycle) of Web service " survival ", comprised issuing time (PubDate) and the death time (DeathDate) of service, shown in (24) simultaneously.If call, serve successfully, the death time of record service is empty, if malloc failure malloc records current time for the death time of service, in addition, obtains the date issued of service on the source web of service;
5) from WSDL, describing document, to obtain the technology of service semantic, and the technology semanteme of the Web service of various dimensions semantic model has been described and how to be carried out alternately with Web service on technological layer, shown in (26);
<TecSem>∷＝<Protocol><DataFormat> (26)
<Protocol>→SOAP|RESTful (27)
<DataFormat>→XML|WSDL|Text (28)
The communication information of 5-1 in WSDL document defines the communication protocol (Protocol) of Web service, by the messaging protocol information of <binding> element definition in WSDL, according to the standard about service communication protocols of MSDL, the communication protocol of definition Web service.In various dimensions semantic model, the communication protocol of Web service has been described between service and has been carried out the rule that exchanges data should be observed, and comprises SOAP and RESTful agreement, shown in (27);
The data format information of 5-2 in WSDL document defines the data layout (DataFormat) of Web service, and according to the standard about data layout of MSDL, the data layout of definition Web service is WSDL document.In various dimensions semantic model, the data layout of Web service is how to communicate with this Web service for describing Web service and illustrating, as WSDL and XML document, shown in (28);
6) according to the interaction semantics of MSDL normalized definition Web service, thereby the dynamic interaction relation between Web service has been described, by the interactive relation between service, numerous isolated service groups can be made into a relational network, the definition of interaction semantics is suc as formula shown in (29);
<IntSem>∷＝<Competitive>|<Collaborative>|<Others> (29)
<Competitive>→″Exact″|″Plugin″|″Subsume″|″Intersection″ (30)
<Collaborative>→″Sequential_total″|″Sequential_part″ (31)
<Others>→″Community″|″MemberOf″|″Alliance″ (32)
Competition (Competitive) relation of 6-1 definition service, this relation is mainly from the incidence relation between the viewpoint definition service of the functional similarity of two Web services, identical (Exact) relation, grafting (Plugin) relation, succession (Subsume) relation and (Intersection) relation of intersecting have been comprised, shown in (30);
Cooperation (Collaborative) relation of 6-2 definition service, this relation is mainly the viewpoint definition seeervice level incidence relation connecting from the function between two Web services, be divided into completely follow-up (Sequential_total) relation and part follow-up (Sequential_part) relation, shown in (31);
Community (Community) relation of 6-3 definition service, this relation is to obtain by having between Web service because certain attribute is identical;
Member (MemberOf) relation of 6-4 definition service, this relation is to exist and be subordinate to characteristic between service;
Alliance (Alliance) relation of 6-5 definition service, this relation refers to the strategic agreement of signing between provider, the alliance between service provider certainly will will have influence on the selection of service.
Tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
The present invention has described the semantic information of Web service from different dimensions, greatly expanded the semantic information of a plurality of dimensions of Traditional Web services, make up the difference between WSDL language and Semantic Web Services language, by MSDL, the semantic information of Web service has been carried out to standard and constraint, realized the omnibearing semantic support of Web service discovery, combination and monitoring.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is Web service various dimensions semantic model concept map of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the illustrative view of functional configuration of a Web service.
Fig. 3 is that the present invention is from WSDL to MSDL mapping relations schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the basic structure of MSDL semanteme of the present invention and grammer part.
Embodiment
The present invention proposes the conversion method of the Web service from Traditional Web services to various dimensions semantic model, the concept map of various dimensions semantic model is referring to Fig. 1, the service description language (sdl) of this model is MSDL, it is a kind of descriptive language based on XML, Web Services Description Language (WSDL) for the present main flow of compatibility, the compatible traditional WSDL of the syntactic description of MSDL is to the interface of Web, parameter and the information such as communicate by letter, semantic description is partly used OWL (Web Ontology Language), and the semanteme of service is carried out to standard.Therefore, the conversion of the Web service from Traditional Web services to various dimensions semantic model need to be followed the standard of MSDL.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
1) the service documents of describing from WSDL, define the functional semantics of various dimensions semantic model.The functional semantics of various dimensions semantic model refers to the function that called Web service can realize, four parts have mainly been comprised: service goal (Goal), import of services (Input), service output (Output) and service constraints (Constraint), provided by Backus normal form (1):
<FunSem>∷＝<Goal><Input><Output><Constraint>{″and″|″or″|″not″} (1)
The target of the operation information acquisition Web service of 1-1 in WSDL document, is used hasGoal field description.By action name and the descriptor of the <operation> element in WSDL, the standard according to MSDL about service goal, extracts the target of Web service.Moving guest's phrase that the service goal usage behavior (Behavior) of various dimensions semantic model and intention (Intention) form is described, as shown in Backus normal form (2).Behavior represents that operation is directed to behavior and the action that certain intention is carried out, and represents to be intended to the concept set B of corelation behaviour with certain field nrepresent, shown in (3), with the hasConcept field description behavior of IntentionConcept concept class; Intention is the intention of operation, describes the intention of Web service by Ontological concept, attribute or example, shown in (4), by the hasConcept field description intention of BehaviorConcept concept class.By resolving the Web service of the inquiry postcode of a WSDL description, Fig. 2 shows the functional structure of this Web service service ZipCodeLookup, it comprises an operation GetZipInfo, the input parameter of this operation is city title City, output parameter is getZipByCityResult, the service goal of this WSDL can be described as the form of " Get http://dbpedia.org/resource/ZIP_code ", wherein " Get " is behavior, and " http://dbpedia.org/resource/ZIP_code " is corresponding intention, with the example of the body DBpedia that increases income, describe,
<Goal>∷＝<Behaviour><Intention> (2)
<Behaviour>∷＝B 1″or″B 2″or″…″or″B n (3)
<Intention>→Concept|Instance|Attribute (4)
The input and output of the input and output parameter acquiring various dimensions semantic service of 1-2 in WSDL document, are used respectively hasInput and hasOutput field to be described.By the parameter name information in the <input> element in WSDL and <output> element, standard according to MSDL about import of services and input, extracts the input and output of Web service.In various dimensions semantic model, the input and output of service are as the important component part of function, can think to a certain extent supplementing Web service realization of functions, for example two Web services are all to obtain weather, the input of a service is city title, and the input of another service is city coding, therefore in describing, functional semantics only add input and output could realize the accurate description to function.Input and output, as the important component part of function, are described by Ontological concept, attribute or example, shown in (5) (6).Example service ZipCodeLookup as shown in Figure 2, the input parameter City recording in its WSDL document, Web service in various dimensions semantic model is input as " http://dbpedia.org/ontology/City ", with the Ontological concept of DBpedia, describes; The output parameter recording in WSDL document is getZipByCityResult, and the service in various dimensions semantic model is output as " http://dbpedia.org/resource/ZIP_code ", with the example of DBpedia, describes;
<Input>→Concept|Instance|Attribute (5)
<Output>→Concept|Instance|Attribute (6)
The description of the service of 1-3 in WSDL document and operation is obtained Web service and is retrained, and uses hasConstraint to be described.By the service description information of the <service> element in WSDL, and the operation descriptor of <operation> element, the standard about service constraints according to MSDL, extracts the constraint of Web service.In various dimensions semantic model, Web service constraint is that service function is further limited and illustrated, with atom predicate C i(i=1,2 ..., m) representing a concrete functional restraint, a plurality of atom predicates accord with " and " by logic and connect, shown in (7).Service constraints may comprise service range restriction, time restriction, frequency, input format, output format, return results quantity, main body attribute etc., for example service constraints is expressed as: (0 < Day≤3) " and " (Region=China), it is the constraint of the service of an inquiry weather, and this constraint comprises two aspect implications so: 1. defined this service and can only inquire about the weather of following three days; 2. define this service and can only inquire about Chinese weather conditions.By Web service semantic constraint is carried out to standard, can strengthen the interoperability between Web service, thereby improve, Web service is found and the efficiency of combination;
<Constraint>∷＝C 1″and″C 2″and″…″and″C m (7)
2) by obtaining context semanteme the service documents of describing from WSDL.In various dimensions semantic model, contextual information has comprised the affiliated field (Domain) of service, and the label (Tag) of service provider (Provider) and service, shown in (8).The context semanteme of Web service refers to the context-related information that can have influence on Web service discovery and combined result.Therefore, normalized definition service context is semantic, can be automatic Web service and finds to provide to lay the foundation, and has also overcome the defect of existing Web service semantic extension method.The MSDL of standard according to to(for) context semanteme, need to realize following information conversion:
<ConSem>∷＝<Domain><Provider><Tag> (8)
<Domain>→Travel|Education|Medical|Food|Communication|Economy|Weapons|Geography|Simulation|… (9)
2-1 describes the input and output information in document according to WSDL, the standard according to MSDL about service field, and the field of definition various dimensions Semantic Web Services, is used belongTo field description.In various dimensions semantic model, under service, field is listed in formula (9), as fields such as tourism (Travel), education (Education), medical treatment (Medical).As a rule user is when the service in selected a certain field, bright user is also interesting to other service in this field to some degree, therefore in the process of service recommendation, preferentially can recommend the service of same area, meanwhile field is again relatively general concept, there is no clear and definite division, therefore same service may adhere to different fields separately;
2-2 describes the <definitions> element in document according to WSDL, extract targetNamespace attribute, standard according to MSDL about service provider, the provider of definition various dimensions Semantic Web Services, is used provideBy field description.Provider's information of Web service has been described by provider (Provider), the Web service by whom being provided, and one is company, tissue or individual.The possibility that the undeniable Services Composition that identical provider provides in the process of Services Composition completes coarsegrain function is more larger, and suitability is stronger.As in the applied in any combination of Map Services, if user has selected Google Maps service, the so follow-up Map Services of understanding the preferential Google of selection in calling the service process of correlation map;
2-3 obtains the label of service by the service labels on the source web of service, or according to the functional semantics of service, manually adds the label of service, uses hasTag field description.The for example service of an Amazon Queue on ProgrammableWeb website, its label is " infrastructure ", " queue " and " messaging ";
3) by calling this Web service, semantic according to the performance of MSDL normalized definition Web service.The performance semantic description of various dimensions semantic model the qualitative attribute of this service, comprise suc as formula six parts shown in (10).The performance index such as the response time of service, availability, reliability can be defined as a kind of attribute of Web service performance semanteme, represent the performance concept of Web service with is A; In the process of service discovery, except meeting user to the demand of Web service functional semantics, may there are some demands to service performance in user.The performance characterization of Web service the feature of Web service qualitative and quantitative aspect, therefore semantic by the performance of service, can conveniently select optimal service, thereby the result that Optimized Service is found;
<PerSem>∷＝<ResponseTime><Price><Availability><Reliability><Throughput><Security> (10)
<ResponseTime>∷＝<Number> (11)
<Price>∷＝<Number> (12)
<Availability>∷＝<Number> (13)
<Reliability>∷＝<Number> (14)
<Throughput>∷＝<Number> (15)
<Security>∷＝<Degree> (16)
<Degree>→General|Medium|Advanced (17)
The response time of 3-1 calculation services (ResponseTime), by numeral, as shown in Backus normal form (11), the response time of the operation op that service s is corresponding equals to transmit a request to the interval time of acceptance response information, is the processing time T of this service operations processwith service transmission time T transsum, is provided by formula (18):
q rt(s，op)＝T process(s，op)+T trans(s，op) (18)
3-2 calculates the cost (Price) of the service of calling, and has comprised that service requester wants the expense of executable operations, shown in (12);
The accessibility of 3-3 calculation services (Availability), shown in (13), accessibility refers to the probability that service can be accessed within a period of time, by formula (19), is provided:
q av(s)＝T a(s)/θ (19)
Wherein, T a(s) be in the time period, to serve at θ total time that s can be accessed;
The reliability of 3-4 calculation services (Reliability), shown in (14), reliability refers in greatest expected in the time, the probability that request is correctly responded, is provided by formula (20):
q rel(s)＝N c(s)/K (20)
Wherein, N c(s) be in the time, to serve in greatest expected the number of times that s is successfully paid, K refers to total call number;
3-5 calculates throughput (Throughput), refers in given a period of time, serves total call number, shown in (15); Throughput increases, and the response time also will become large;
3-6 evaluates the security (Security) of service, and shown in (16), the security of service can be described with one (General), medium (Medium) and senior (Advanced);
4) from WSDL, describe the space-time semanteme that document obtains service, record the status information of Web service on time and space, Backus normal form (21) is shown in the space-time semantical definition of various dimensions semantic model;
<SpTSem>∷＝<Space><Time> (21)
<Space>→Cyberspace|PhysicalLocation (22)
<Time>∷＝<LifeCycle><Status> (23)
<LifeCycle>∷＝<PubDate><DeathDate> (24)
<Status>→Innovation|Offering|Matchmaking|Usage|Feedback (25)
The service describing of 4-1 in WSDL document obtains the Spatial Semantics of Web service, with locationIn, describes.By the location property value of the <soap:address> element in the <service> element in WSDL, be converted to the IP address of physical location, according to the standard about service clearance semanteme of MSDL, the Spatial Semantics of definition Web service.In various dimensions semantic model, the Spatial Semantics of Web service has illustrated the residing physically positional information of Web service or the subordinate's of institute virtual address, shown in (22), any Web service spatially all can have relatively-stationary physical location (PhysicalLocation) or address, Virtual Space (Cyberspace), i.e. service provider's main frame position.One user more has a mind to the nearer service in the own position of chosen distance, to can call fast service, one is all provided the positional information of Web service by service provider.The position of host machine of being disposed as the service of by name " GetBookName " is in seattle, u.s.a.
4-2 is by calling this Web service, by returning results the temporal meaning of obtaining this service.According to the standard about service constraints of MSDL, the temporal meaning of definition various dimensions Semantic Web Services.In various dimensions semantic model, the temporal meaning definition of Web service is suc as formula shown in (23), it has illustrated that Web service is at the residing state of whole life cycle different time points (Stams), with hasStams, describe, as service provides, mates and the stage condition information such as feedback, shown in (25); Also characterized the cycle (LifeCycle) of Web service " survival ", comprised issuing time and the death time of service, with hasPubDate and hasDeathDate, described respectively, shown in (24) simultaneously.If call, serve successfully, the death time of record service is empty, if malloc failure malloc records current time for the death time of service, in addition, obtains the date issued of service on the source web of service.User is in the process of service discovery and combination, and should be able to preferentially select the current death time is empty Web service, i.e. the still Web service of survival;
5) from WSDL, the technology semanteme that document obtains service is described.The technology semanteme of the Web service of various dimensions semantic model has been described and how have been carried out alternately with Web service on technological layer, shown in (26);
<TecSem>∷＝<Protocol><DataFormat> (26)
<Protocol>→SOAP|RESTful (27)
<DataFormat>→XML|WSDL|Text (28)
The communication information of 5-1 in WSDL document defines the communication protocol (Protocol) of Web service, by kindof_protocol field, describes.By the messaging protocol information of <binding> element definition in WSDL, according to the standard about service communication protocols of MSDL, the communication protocol of definition Web service.In various dimensions semantic model, the communication protocol of Web service has been described between service and has been carried out the rule that exchanges data should be observed, and comprises SOAP and RESTful agreement, shown in (27).SOAP is mainly to exchange the needed data of both sides for the form with object between Web service application program as Web service invocation protocol, and it is a kind of communication protocol of the platform independence based on XML; And RESTful receives increasing concern as a kind of emerging Web service invocation protocol.
The data format information of 5-2 in WSDL document defines the data layout (Data Format) of Web service, by kindof dataFormat field, describes.。According to the standard about data layout of MSDL, the data layout of definition Web service is WSDL document.In various dimensions semantic model, the data layout of Web service is how to communicate with this Web service for describing Web service and illustrating, as WSDL and XML document, shown in (28);
6) according to the interaction semantics of MSDL normalized definition Web service, thereby the dynamic interaction relation between Web service has been described, by the interactive relation between service, numerous isolated service groups can be made into a relational network, the definition of interaction semantics is suc as formula shown in (29); Because existing Web service semantic model is not considered the interaction semantics of service, the interaction semantics defining in this model, can improve the efficiency of Services Composition.
<IntSem>∷＝<Competitive>|<Collaborative>|<Others> (29)
<Competitive>→″Exact″|″Plugin″|″Subsume″|″Intersection″ (30)
<Collaborative>→″Sequential_total″|″Sequential_part″ (31)
<Others>→″Community″|″MemberOf″|″Alliance″ (32)
Competition (Competitive) relation of 6-1 definition service, this relation is mainly from the incidence relation between the viewpoint definition service of the functional similarity of two Web services, identical (Exact) relation, grafting (Plugin) relation, succession (Subsume) relation and (Intersection) relation of intersecting have been comprised, shown in (30); By the competitive relation of service, can realize in the discovery procedure of service, a plurality of candidate service are as much as possible offered to requestor, thereby allow service requester select to meet best service;
Relation of identity: meet relation of identity between service, require two services to have relation of equivalence in function, it is defined as: WS 1, WS 2represent respectively two Web services, WS 1at least there is an operation and WS 2one to operate in be semantically function equivalence, WS 1, WS 2meet relation of identity, note is done: <WS 1, WS 2> ∈ Exact.Therefore, the definition of relation of identity is very strict, and in fact between Web service, this strict equivalence coupling is considerably less, unless service provider's special declaration in one situation, otherwise two independently Web service be difficult to meet relation of identity.
Grafting relation: meet grafting relation between service, require two services to have relation of inclusion semantically, it is defined as: WS 1, WS 2represent respectively two Web services, WS 1at least exist the output parameter of an operation to be integrated into and semantically comprise WS 2the output parameter set of an operation, and WS 2the input parameter of this operation be integrated into and semantically comprise WS 1the input parameter set of this operation, WS 1, WS 2meet grafting relation, note is done: <WS 1, WS 2> ∈ Plugins.In the process of service discovery, follow grafting relation, can find semantic stronger service.For example serve RentalCar and RentalVehicle for two, wherein " vehicles " are semantically comprising " automobile ", so <RentalCar, RentalVehicle> ∈ Pluqin.
Inheritance: inheritance is the reverse-power of grafting relation, and it is defined as: WS 1, WS 2represent respectively two Web services, WS 2at least exist the output parameter of an operation to be integrated into and semantically comprise WS 1the output parameter set of an operation, and WS 1the input parameter of this operation is integrated into and semantically comprises WS 2the input parameter set of this operation, WS 1, WS 2meet inheritance, note is done: <WS 1, WS 2> ∈ Subsume.Inheritance has been described Web service partial ordering relation from big to small in function, in the process of service discovery, according to inheritance, can get rid of the service that function is less, for above-mentioned two, hire a car equally and the service of the vehicles, meet <RentalVehicle, RentalCar> ∈ Subsume.
Overlapping relation: the overlapping relation between service, the similarity relation of Web service in function described, it is defined as: WS 1, WS 2represent respectively two Web services, WS 1at least exist the output parameter of an operation to be integrated into semantically and WS 2the output parameter set of an operation is similar, and WS 2the input parameter of this operation is integrated into semantically and WS 1the input parameter set of this operation is similar, WS 1, WS 2meet overlapping relation, note is done: <WS 1, WS 2> ∈ Intersection.The similar of the parameter sets here refers to that one or more input and output parameters of two services exist similar relation, and the similarity relation of parameter can obtain by the intersectionOf relation derivation in body.Overlapping relation between service has been described service and has been had to a certain extent a similar feature, such as the function of service, input and output classes of messages like etc., there is the service of similarity relation, for the replacement of serving the Service Source scarcity in the situation that provide a kind of may.
Cooperation (Collaborative) relation of 6-2 definition service, this relation is mainly the viewpoint definition seeervice level incidence relation connecting from the function between two Web services, can be divided into completely follow-up (Sequential_total) relation and part follow-up (Sequential_part) relation, shown in (31); Cooperation relation between the service semantic relation of seeervice level that has been mainly the viewpoint definition that connects from function between two services, by this cooperative relationship, has the more composite service of coarsegrain function by the service of function singleness by connecting rear composition on the one hand; User has asked, after certain service, also relevant service to be recommended to user as candidate on the other hand;
Complete follow-up relation: complete follow-up relation is defined as: WS 1, WS 2represent respectively two Web services, WS 2at least exist the input parameter of an operation to be integrated into and semantically comprise WS 1the output parameter set of an operation, WS 1, WS 2meet complete follow-up relation, note is done: <WS 1, WS 2> ∈ Sequential_total.Complete follow-up relation requires the input of two services and the output parameter set can semantic matches, for example serve getCountryCodeByCountryName and getExchangeRateByCountryCode for two, the former obtains national coding (CountryCode) by city title, latter obtains the exchange rate between country by national coding, and therefore two services have formed complete follow-up relation.
The follow-up relation of part: the follow-up relation of part is defined as: WS 1, WS 2represent respectively two Web services, WS 2at least exist the input parameter of an operation to be integrated into semantically part and comprise WS 1the output parameter set of an operation, WS 1, WS 2meet the follow-up relation of part, note is done: <WS 1, WS 2> ∈ Sequential_part.The semantic component of the parameter sets here comprises and refers to that one or more input and output parameters of two services exist the Equivalent-of in body, Kind-of, Attribute-of or Part-of relation.The follow-up relation of part represents that the output parameter set of a service can only partly meet the input parameter set of another service, two services above equally, if getExchangeRateByCountryCode also needs to provide date and time information, because the exchange rate between country is all changing every day, and getCountryCodeByCountryName service output can only partly meet service getExchangeRateByCountryCode, the now follow-up relation of component part between two services.
Community (Community) relation of 6-3 definition service, this relation is a kind of relation of coarseness, the service community set that refers to Web service to have identical semantic feature on a certain semantic dimension and form, has a certain identical attribute between the service in community, and then forms community relations.On the basis of Web service various dimensions semantic model, can carry out the community mining of Web service;
Member (MemberOf) relation of 6-4 definition service, this relation is to exist and be subordinate to characteristic between service, as the relation between abstract service and specific service; Between Web service, the foundation of member relation is accompanied by service ontology generative process and produces, by thering is identical and specific service operation-interface identity function, by Ontology Modeling, form abstract service, be that abstract service is the set with same or similar function services operation-interface, therefore the member relation between abstract service and specific service is the relation of one-to-many, each abstract service correspondence a plurality of specific services;
Alliance (Alliance) relation of 6-5 definition service, this relationship description the strategic partnership relationship existing between different Web service provider, whether its relation exists along with forming an alliance between provider changes with the AFDL.Alliance between the different providers of Web service, certainly will will service impactingly select.For example the strategic alliance's relation between Dangdang.com and China Merchants Bank causes the service of user's payment function that the preferential choice for use of meeting China Merchants Bank provides when buying books to carry out on-line payment.
According to above step, the various dimensions semantic model of Web service is set up in the conversion from WSDL to MSDL, thereby obtains the description document of a Semantic Web Services, and a simple examples of this process is referring to Fig. 3.
MSDL language of the present invention partly adopts WSDL to describe it at grammer, has therefore made up the difference between WSDL language and Semantic Web Services language.For semantic component, MSDL has defined one group of general service concept (Service Concept) for describing Web service different dimensions semantic information, these service concept come from the concept class of Formal Ontology, comprise the set of the service concept that concept of function (FunctionalityConcept), performance concept (PerformanceConcept), context concept (ContextConcept), space-time concept(ion) (SpatioTemporalConcept) and technological concept (TechnicalConcept) form, MSDL basic structure is referring to Fig. 4.That the present invention uses OWL to describe the service concept of various dimensions semantic model below.The present invention uses OWL to describe Web service functional semantics:
Figure BDA0000450017450000131
The present invention uses the description of OWL to Web service behavior and intention:
The present invention uses OWL to describe the context semanteme of Web service:
Figure BDA0000450017450000142
The present invention uses OWL to describe the performance semanteme of Web service:
Figure BDA0000450017450000151
The present invention uses OWL to describe the space-time semanteme of Web service:
Figure BDA0000450017450000152
The present invention uses OWL to describe the technology semanteme of Web service:
Figure BDA0000450017450000161

Claims (1)

1. the Web service conversion method from Traditional Web services to various dimensions semantic model, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
1) the service documents of describing from WSDL, obtain functional semantics, the functional semantics of various dimensions semantic model refers to the function that called Web service can realize, four parts have mainly been comprised: service goal (Goal), import of services (Input), service output (Output) and service constraints (Constraint), provided by Backus normal form (1):
<FunSem>∷＝<Goal><Input><Output><Constraint>{″and″|″or″|″not″} (1)
The target of the operation information acquisition Web service of 1-1 in WSDL document, by action name and the descriptor of the <operation> element in WSDL, standard according to MSDL about service goal, extracts the target of Web service; Moving guest's phrase that the target usage behavior (Behavior) of the Web service of various dimensions semantic model and intention (Intention) form is described, as shown in Backus normal form (2), Behavior represents that operation is directed to behavior and the action that certain intention is carried out, and represents to be intended to the concept set B of corelation behaviour with certain field nrepresent, shown in (3), Intention is the intention of operation, describes the intention of Web service, by concept (Concept), attribute (Attribute) or the example (Instance) of body shown in (4);
<Goal>∷＝<Behaviour><Intention> (2)
<Behaviour>∷＝B 1″or″B 2″or″…″or″B n (3)
<Intention>→Concept|Instance|Attribute (4)
The input and output of the input and output parameter acquiring various dimensions semantic service of 1-2 in WSDL document, by the parameter name information in the <input> element in WSDL and <output> element, standard according to MSDL about import of services and input, extract the input and output of Web service, in various dimensions semantic model, the input and output of service are as the important component part of function, concept, attribute or example by body are described, shown in (5) (6);
<Input>→Concept|Instance|Attribute (5)
<Output>→Concept|Instance|Attribute (6)
The description of the service of 1-3 in WSDL document and operation is obtained Web service and is retrained, by the service description information of the <service> element in WSDL, and the operation descriptor of <operation> element, according to the standard about service constraints of MSDL, extract the constraint of Web service, in various dimensions semantic model, Web service constraint limits and illustrates service function, with atom predicate C i, i=1,2 ..., m, represents a concrete functional restraint, a plurality of atom predicates accord with " and " by logic and connect, shown in (7);
<Constraint>∷＝C 1″and″C 2″and″…″and″C m (7)
2) the service documents of describing from WSDL, obtain context semanteme, in various dimensions semantic model, contextual information has comprised the affiliated field (Domain) of service, the label (Tag) of service provider (Provider) and service, shown in (8), wherein, under service, field is listed in formula (9), service may belong to different fields, Provider has described provider's information of Web service, as company or organization name, according to WSDL, the input and output information in document is described, standard according to MSDL about service field, the field of definition various dimensions Semantic Web Services, according to WSDL, describe the <definitions> element in document, extract targetNamespace attribute, the standard according to MSDL about service provider, the provider of definition various dimensions Semantic Web Services, by the service labels on the source web of service, obtain the label of service, or according to the functional semantics of service, manually add the label of service,
<ConSem>∷＝<Domain><Provider><Tag> (8)
<Domain>→Travel|Education|Medical|Food|Communication|Economy|Weapons|Geography|Simulation|… (9)
3) by calling this Web service, semantic according to the performance of MSDL normalized definition Web service, the performance semantic description of various dimensions semantic model the qualitative attribute of this service, comprise suc as formula six parts shown in (10);
<PerSem>∷＝<ResponseTime><Price><Availability><Reliability><Throughput><Security> (10)
<ResponseTime>∷＝<Number> (11)
<Price>∷＝<Number> (12)
<Availability>∷＝<Number> (13)
<Reliability>∷＝<Number> (14)
<Throughput>∷＝<Number> (15)
<Security>∷＝<Degree> (16)
<Degree>→General|Medium|Advanced (17)
The response time of 3-1 calculation services (ResponseTime), by numeral, as shown in Backus normal form (11), the response time of the operation op that service s is corresponding equals to transmit a request to the interval time of acceptance response information, is the processing time T of this service operations processwith service transmission time T transsum, is provided by formula (18):
q rt(s，op)＝T process(s，op)+T trans(s，op) (18)
3-2 calculates the cost (Price) of the service of calling, and has comprised that service requester wants the expense of executable operations, as shown in Backus normal form (12);
The accessibility of 3-3 calculation services (Availability), as shown in Backus normal form (13), accessibility refers to the probability that service can be accessed within a period of time, by formula (19), is provided:
q av(s)＝T a(s)/θ (19)
Wherein, T a(s) be in the time period, to serve at θ total time that s can be accessed;
The reliability of 3-4 calculation services (Reliability), as shown in Backus normal form (14), reliability refers in greatest expected in the time, the probability that request is correctly responded, is provided by formula (20):
q rel(s)＝N c(s)/K (20)
Wherein, N c(s) be in the time, to serve in greatest expected the number of times that s is successfully paid, K refers to total call number;
3-5 calculates throughput (Throughput), refers in given a period of time, serves total call number, and as shown in Backus normal form (15), throughput increases, and the response time also will become large;
3-6 evaluates the security (Security) of service, as shown in Backus normal form (16), the security of service can be weighed with rank (Degree), one (General), other description of medium (Medium) and senior (Advanced) three levels have been comprised, as shown in Backus normal form (17);
4) from WSDL, describe the space-time semanteme that document obtains service, record the status information of Web service on time and space, Backus normal form (21) is shown in the space-time semantical definition of various dimensions semantic model;
<SpTSem>∷＝<Space><Time> (21)
<Space>→Cyberspace|PhysicalLocation (22)
<Time>∷＝<LifeCycle><Status> (23)
<LifeCycle>∷＝<PubDate><DeathDate> (24)
<Status>→Innovation|Offering|Matchmaking|Usage|Feedback (25)
The service describing of 4-1 in WSDL document obtains space (Space) semanteme of Web service, by the location property value of the <service> element in WSDL, according to the standard about service clearance semanteme of MSDL, the Spatial Semantics of definition Web service, in various dimensions semantic model, the Spatial Semantics of service has illustrated the residing physically positional information of Web service or the subordinate's of institute virtual address, shown in (22), any Web service spatially all can have relatively-stationary physical location (PhysicalLocation) or address, Virtual Space (Cyberspace),
4-2 is by calling this Web service, by returning results tense (Time) semanteme that obtains this service, according to the standard about service constraints of MSDL, the temporal meaning of definition various dimensions Semantic Web Services, in various dimensions semantic model, the temporal meaning definition of Web service is suc as formula shown in (23), it has illustrated that Web service is at the residing state of whole life cycle different time points (Status), as service, provide the stage condition information such as (Offering), coupling (Matchmaking) and feedback (Feedback), shown in (25); Also characterized the cycle (LifeCycle) of Web service " survival " simultaneously, the issuing time (PubDate) and the death time (DeathDate) that comprise service, shown in (24), if call, serve successfully, the death time of record service is empty, if malloc failure malloc records current time for the death time of service, in addition on the source web of service, obtain, the date issued of service;
5) from WSDL, describing document, to obtain the technology of service semantic, and the technology semanteme of the Web service of various dimensions semantic model has been described and how to be carried out alternately with Web service on technological layer, shown in (26);
<TecSem>∷＝<Protocol><DataFormat> (26)
<Protocol>→SOAP|RESTful (27)
<DataFormat>→XML|WSDL|Text (28)
The communication information of 5-1 in WSDL document defines the communication protocol (Protocol) of Web service, by the messaging protocol information of <binding> element definition in WSDL, according to the standard about service communication protocols of MSDL, the communication protocol of definition Web service, in various dimensions semantic model, the communication protocol of Web service has been described between service and has been carried out the rule that exchanges data should be observed, and comprises SOAP and RESTful agreement, shown in (27);
The data format information of 5-2 in WSDL document defines the data layout (DataFormat) of Web service, according to the standard about data layout of MSDL, the data layout of definition Web service is WSDL document, in various dimensions semantic model, the data layout of Web service is how to communicate with this Web service for describing Web service and illustrating, as WSDL and XML document, shown in (28);
6) according to the interaction semantics of MSDL normalized definition Web service, thereby the dynamic interaction relation between Web service has been described, by the interactive relation between service, numerous isolated service groups can be made into a relational network, the definition of interaction semantics is suc as formula shown in (29);
<IntSem>∷＝<Competitive>|<Collaborative>|<Others> (29)
<Competitive>→″Exact″|″Plugin″|″Subsume″|″Intersection″ (30)
<Collaborative>→″Sequential_total″|″Sequential_part″ (31)
<Others>→″Community″|″MemberOf″|″Alliance″ (32)
Competition (Competitive) relation of 6-1 definition service, this relation is mainly from the incidence relation between the viewpoint definition service of the functional similarity of two Web services, identical (Exact) relation, grafting (Plugin) relation, succession (Subsume) relation and (Intersection) relation of intersecting have been comprised, shown in (30);
Cooperation (Collaborative) relation of 6-2 definition service, this relation is mainly the viewpoint definition seeervice level incidence relation connecting from the function between two Web services, be divided into completely follow-up (Sequential_total) relation and part follow-up (Sequential_part) relation, shown in (31);
Community (Community) relation of 6-3 definition service, this relation is to obtain by having between Web service because certain attribute is identical;
Member (MemberOf) relation of 6-4 definition service, this relation is to exist and be subordinate to characteristic between service;
Alliance (Alliance) relation of 6-5 definition service, this relation refers to the strategic agreement of signing between provider, the alliance between service provider certainly will will have influence on the selection of service.
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