CN103699667A - Web service multi-dimensional semantic model building method - Google Patents

Web service multi-dimensional semantic model building method Download PDF

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CN103699667A
CN103699667A CN201310742781.7A CN201310742781A CN103699667A CN 103699667 A CN103699667 A CN 103699667A CN 201310742781 A CN201310742781 A CN 201310742781A CN 103699667 A CN103699667 A CN 103699667A
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web service
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CN103699667B (en
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张祯
冯志勇
陈世展
胡小草
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Shenzhen Fangyuan Tianlun Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Tianjin University
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of web services and aims to provide a web service multi-dimensional semantic model, achieve semantization of web services, and increase availability of a web service semantic descriptive model. According to the technical scheme, a model building method includes: 1, defining functional semantics of web services according to MSDL standards; 2, defining context semantics of web services according to the MSDL standards; 3, defining performance semantics of web services according to the MSDL standards and describing quality attributes of the services; 4, defining technical semantics of web services according to the MSDL standards; 5, defining interaction semantics of web services according to the MSDL standards. The method is mainly applied to web services.

Description

The various dimensions semantic model method for building up of Web service
Technical field
The present invention relates to Web service technical field, specifically, relate to the various dimensions semantic model method for building up of Web service.
Background technology
Web service is a kind of having self-adaptation, self-described, modularization and having the application program of good interoperability based on Web environment.Along with continuing to increase of Web service on internet, the internet of service-centric quietly forms.
In order to make Web service become the understandable entity of computing machine, the Semantic Web Services of describing service function in conjunction with technological means such as semantic nets occurs thereupon, and it is intended to make automatic discovery, selection, combination, checking and the execution etc. of Web service to become possibility.In order to realize Semantic Web Services, research is on the one hand devoted to the existing Web service based on grammer to carry out semantic extension, attempt to extract semantic information from existing Web service, by using each conception of species that in body, machine understandable metadata mark Service Source is described.As METEOR-S semantic tagger framework transforms by XMLSchema and the body of Web service being described in document, then it is mated, and select optimum coupling as annotation results.But the method is subject to the restriction of domain body, the foundation of domain body needs expert's participation, thereby has affected the robotization of semantic extension.
Research is on the other hand devoted to propose the description standard of Semantic Web Services.Because the description of Semantic Web Services is the relevant operation of Web service or the basis of processing, therefore, in the service development stage, by ontology describing, serve, make Web service just possess semantic information at bottom, fundamentally eliminate the heterogeneous or ambiguousness between service interaction processing, for the interoperability of serving provides semantic basis.Multiple Semantic Web Services descriptive model has been proposed at present, as the Web language service (OWL-S) based on body, Web service model ontology (WSMO), lightweight service semantic description (WSMO-lite), semantic Web service body (SWSO), SOA reference model, WSDL semantic tagger (SAWSDL) and general semantics service description language (sdl) (USDL) etc., wherein the first five is planted model and has all abandoned existing WSDL (Web Services Description Language) framework; And SAWSDL and USDL are on WSDL basis, use Ontological concept to add semantic information to WSDL document.
Above technology has proposed different solutions to realizing Semantic Web Services, but still has following problem:
1) for existing Web service, carry out the method for semantic extension, need to depend on domain body, only can realize the mark to a small amount of Web service.Meaning automatic marking achievement in research has improved the efficiency of service discovery and combination to a certain extent at present, but along with service is on the increase, due to the restriction of domain body, can cause a large amount of services cannot find suitable mark in the process of carrying out semantic similarity coupling.
2) structure of Traditional Web services language WSDL all abandoned in existing most of Web service semantic description language, but the Web service of issuing on internet is at present mainly to describe based on WSDL, although existing Web service is described standard and has been proposed a kind of new Web Services Description Language (WSDL), greatly strengthened the semantic information of Web service, but not proposing corresponding method makes up the difference between WSDL language and Semantic Web Services language.
3), there is the difference of describing mode in existing each disunity of Web service semantic model.As owing to lacking the semantic constraint common to Web service between ISP and between ISP and user, interoperability and the discovery of service and the efficiency of combination between Web service have been hindered.
4) existing semantic Web service model has all only been considered the semanteme of Web service individuality, and great majority are all only considered the demand that meets user function, does not consider that Web service is mutual, the semantic feature such as space-time and context.
For above problem, be necessary to propose a semantic Web service model and make up the difference between WSDL language and Semantic Web Services language, simultaneously, not only to consider the semanteme of the simple function aspects of Web service, also should consider from a plurality of angles the semanteme of Web service, as semantic informations such as the space-time of Web service and contexts, and the interaction semantics of Web service.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to solve and overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, and for proposing the various dimensions semantic model of a Web service, this model not only comprises the functional semantics of Web service, also comprises the semantic informations such as space-time, context, service relation of Web service.Implementation method aspect, this model can the language of compatible existing WSDL based on grammer, by Web service various dimensions semantic description language (Multidimensional Semantic Description Language, MSDL) definition of standard Web service, the present invention is intended to realize the semantization of Web service, improves the availability of Semantic Web Services descriptive model.The technical solution used in the present invention is that the various dimensions semantic model method for building up of Web service, comprises the steps:
1) according to the functional semantics of MSDL normalized definition Web service, it is the function that called Web service can realize, four contents have mainly been comprised: service goal (Goal), import of services (Input), service output (Output) and service constraints (Constraint), provided by Backus normal form (1):
<FunSem>::＝<Goal><Input><Output><Constraint>{"and"|"or"|"not"} (1)
1-1 describes the target of Web service, moving guest's phrase that usage behavior (Behavior) and intention (Intention) form is described, as shown in Backus normal form (2), Behavior represents that operation is directed to behavior and the action that certain intention is carried out, and represents to be intended to the concept set B of corelation behaviour with certain field nrepresent, shown in (3), Intention is the intention of operation, describes the intention of Web service, by Ontological concept, attribute or example shown in (4);
<Goal>::＝<Behaviout><Intention> (2)
<Behaviour>::＝B 1"or"B 2"or"…"or"B n (3)
<Intention>→Concept|Instance|Attribute (4)
The input and output of 1-2 definition service, input and output, as the important component part of function, are described by Ontological concept, attribute or example, shown in (5) (6);
<Input>→Concept|Instance|Attribute (5)
<Output>→Concept|Instance|Attribute (6)
1-3 describes Web service constraint, service function is limited and is illustrated, with atom predicate C i(i=1,2 ..., m) representing a concrete functional restraint, a plurality of atom predicates accord with " and " by logic and connect, shown in (7);
<Constraint>::＝C 1"and"C 2"and"…"and"Cm (7)
2) semantic according to the context of MSDL normalized definition Web service, contextual information need to define the affiliated field (Domain) of service, the label (Tag) of service provider (Provider) and service, shown in (8), wherein, under service, field is listed in formula (9), and service may belong to different fields, Provider has described provider's information of Web service, as company or organization name;
<ConSem>::＝<Domain><Provider><Tag> (8)
<Domain>→Travel|Education|Medical|Food|Communication
|Economy|Weapons|Geography|Simulation|… (9)
3) semantic according to the performance of MSDL normalized definition Web service, the qualitative attribute of serving is described, shown in (10);
<PerSem>::＝<ResponseTine><Price><Availabilitt><Reliability><
Throughput><Security> (10)
<ResponseTine>::＝<Number> (11)
<Price>::＝<Number> (12)
<Availability>::＝<Number> (13)
<Reliability>::＝<Number> (14)
<Throughput>::＝<Number> (15)
<Secyruty>::＝<Degree> (16)
<Degree>→General|Meduym|Advanced (17)
The response time of 3-1 calculation services (Response Time), by numeral, as shown in Backus normal form (11), the response time equals to transmit a request to the interval time of acceptance response information, be service processing time and service transmission time sum, by formula (18), provided:
q rt(s,op)＝T process(s,op)+T trans(s,op) (18)
3-2 calculates the cost (Price) of the service of calling, and has comprised that service requester wants the expense of executable operations, as shown in Backus normal form (12);
The accessibility of 3-3 calculation services (Availability), as shown in Backus normal form (13), accessibility refers to the probability that service can be accessed within a period of time, by formula (19), is provided:
q av(s)＝T a(s)/θ (19)
Wherein, T a(s) be in the time period, to serve at θ total time that s can be accessed;
The reliability of 3-4 calculation services (Reliability), as shown in Backus normal form (14), reliability refers in greatest expected in the time, the probability that request is correctly responded, is provided by formula (20):
q rel(s)＝N c(s)/K (20)
Wherein, N c(s) be in the time, to serve in greatest expected the number of times that s is successfully paid, K refers to total call number;
3-5 calculates throughput (Throughput), refers in given a period of time, serves total call number, and as shown in Backus normal form (15), throughput increases, and the response time also will become large;
3-6 evaluates the security (Security) of service, as shown in Backus normal form (16), the security of service can be described with general (General), medium (Medium) and senior (Advanced), as shown in Backus normal form (17);
4) semantic according to the space-time of MSDL normalized definition Web service, record the status information of Web service on time and space, as Backus normal form (21);
<SpTSem>::＝<Space><Time> (21)
<Space>→Cyberspace|PhysicalLocation (22)
<Time>::＝<LifeCycle><Status> (23)
<LifeCtcle>::＝<PubDate><DeathDate> (24)
<Status>→Innovation|Offering|Matchmaking|Usage|Feedback (25)
4-1 describes the Spatial Semantics of service, Spatial Semantics has illustrated the residing physically positional information of Web service or the subordinate's of institute virtual address, shown in (22), any Web service spatially all can have relatively-stationary physical location (Physical Location) or address, Virtual Space (Cyberspace);
4-2 describes the temporal meaning of service, definition is suc as formula shown in (23), temporal meaning has illustrated that Web service is at the residing state of whole life cycle different time points (Status), as stage condition information such as service call, coupling and feedbacks, shown in (25); Also characterized the cycle (Life Cycle) of Web service " survival ", comprised issuing time and the death time of service, shown in (24) simultaneously;
5) semantic according to the technology of MSDL normalized definition Web service, thereby described on technological layer, how to carry out alternately with Web service, shown in (26);
<TecSem>::＝<Protocol><DataFormat> (26)
<Protocol>→SOAP|RESTful (27)
<DataFormat>→XML|WSDL|Text (28)
5-1 describes the communication protocol (Protocol) of service, and the communication protocol of Web service has been described between service and carried out the rule that exchanges data should be observed, and comprises SOAP and RESTful agreement, shown in (27);
5-2 describes the data layout (Data Format) of service, and the data layout of Web service is how to communicate with this Web service for describing Web service and illustrating, as WSDL and XML document, shown in (28);
6) according to the interaction semantics of MSDL normalized definition Web service, thereby the dynamic interaction relation between Web service has been described, by the interactive relation between service, numerous isolated service groups can be made into a relational network, the definition of interaction semantics is suc as formula shown in (29);
<IntSem>::＝<Competitive>|<Collaborative>|<Others> (29)
<Competitive>→"Exact"|"Plugin"|"Subsume"|"Intersection" (30)
<Collaborative>→"Sequential_total"|"Sequential_part" (31)
<Others>→"Community"|"MemberOf"|"Alliance" (32)
Competition (Competitive) relation of 6-1 definition service, this relation is mainly from the incidence relation between the viewpoint definition service of the functional similarity of two Web services, identical (Exact) relation, grafting (Plugin) relation, succession (Subsume) relation and (Intersection) relation of intersecting have been comprised, shown in (30);
Cooperation (Collaborative) relation of 6-2 definition service, this relation is mainly the viewpoint definition seeervice level incidence relation connecting from the function between two Web services, can be divided into completely follow-up (Sequential_total) relation and part follow-up (Sequential_part) relation, shown in (31);
Community (Community) relation of 6-3 definition service, this relation is to obtain by having between Web service because certain attribute is identical, as has the community relations forming between the service of identical provider;
Member (MemberOf) relation of 6-4 definition service, this relation is to exist and be subordinate to characteristic between service, as the relation between abstract service and specific service;
Alliance (Alliance) relation of 6-5 definition service, this relation refers to the strategic agreement of signing between provider, the alliance between service provider certainly will will have influence on the selection of service.
Tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
The present invention has described the semantic information of Web service from different dimensions, made up the difference between WSDL language and Semantic Web Services language, the semantic information of Web service has been carried out to standard and constraint, realized as the exploitation of Semantic Web Services, realized the omnibearing semantic support of Web service discovery, combination and monitoring.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is Web service various dimensions semantic model concept map of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the basic structure of MSDL semanteme of the present invention and grammer part.
Embodiment
The method for building up that the present invention proposes the various dimensions semantic model of Web service, the service description language (sdl) of this model is MSDL.MSDL is a kind of descriptive language based on XML, with support service provider, in the service development stage, directly develops the Semantic Web Services based on Web service various dimensions semantic description model.Because the Web service of the existence on current internet is mainly to describe with WSDL, Web Services Description Language (WSDL) for the present main flow of compatibility, the compatible traditional WSDL of the syntactic description of MSDL is to the interface of Web, parameter and the information such as communicate by letter, and semantic description is partly used OWL(Web Ontology Language), the semanteme of service is carried out to standard.
Referring to the various dimensions semantic model concept map of Fig. 1, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
1) according to the functional semantics of MSDL normalized definition Web service, it is the function that called Web service can realize, four contents have mainly been comprised: service goal (Goal), import of services (Input), service output (Output) and service constraints (Constraint), provided by Backus normal form (1):
<FunSem>::＝<Goal><Input><Output><Constraint>{"and"|"or"|"not"} (1)
1-1 is used the target of hasGoal field description Web service, and moving guest's phrase that usage behavior (Behavior) and intention (Intention) form is described, as shown in Backus normal form (2).Behavior represents that operation is directed to behavior and the action that certain intention is carried out, and represents to be intended to the concept set B of corelation behaviour with certain field nrepresent, shown in (3), with the hasConcept field description behavior of IntentionConcept concept class; Intention is the intention of operation, describes the intention of Web service by Ontological concept, attribute or example, shown in (4), by the hasConcept field description intention of BehaviorConcept concept class.A for example service of obtaining weather, can adopt " Get Weather " to describe this and serve achieved target, and " Get " is behavior, and " Weather " be corresponding intention;
<Goal>::＝<Behaviour><Intention> (2)
<Behaviour>::＝B 1"or"B 2"or"…"or"B n (3)
<Intention>→Concept|Instance|Attribute (4)
The input and output of 1-2 definition service, are used respectively hasInput and hasOutput field to be described.The input and output of service are as the important component part of function, can think to a certain extent supplementing Web service realization of functions, for example two Web services are all to obtain weather, the input of a service is city title, and the input of another service is city coding, therefore in describing, functional semantics only add input and output could realize the accurate description to function.Input and output, as the important component part of function, are described by Ontological concept, attribute or example, shown in (5) (6).When Web service is developed, just with body, describe like this input and output of service, need not to Web service, carry out again the mark of semantic similarity coupling, thereby overcome the defect of existing Web service semantic extension method;
<Input>→Concept|Instance|Attribute (5)
<Output>→Concept|Instance|Attribute (6)
1-3 describes Web service constraint, uses hasConstraint to be described.Service constraints is that service function is further limited and illustrated, with atom predicate C i(i=1,2 ..., m) representing a concrete functional restraint, a plurality of atom predicates accord with " and " by logic and connect, shown in (7).Service constraints may comprise service range restriction, time restriction, frequency, input format, output format, return results quantity, main body attribute etc.; for example service constraints is expressed as: (0<Day≤3) " and " (Region=China); it is the constraint of the service of an inquiry weather, and this constraint comprises two aspect implications so: 1. defined this service and can only inquire about the weather of following three days; 2. define this service and can only inquire about Chinese weather conditions.By Web service semantic constraint is carried out to standard, can strengthen the interoperability between Web service, thereby improve, Web service is found and the efficiency of combination;
<Constraint>::＝C 1"and"C 2"and"…"and"C m (7)
2) semantic according to the context of MSDL normalized definition Web service, contextual information need to define the affiliated field (Domain) of service, the label (Tag) of service provider (Provider) and service, shown in (8), use the affiliated field of belongTo field description service, use provideBy field description service provider, use the label of hasTag field description service.Wherein, under service, field is listed in formula (9), as fields such as tourism (Travel), education (Education), medical treatment (Medical).As a rule user is when the service in selected a certain field, bright user is also interesting to other service in this field to some degree, therefore in the process of service recommendation, preferentially can recommend the service of same area, meanwhile field is again relatively general concept, there is no clear and definite division, therefore same service may adhere to different fields separately; Provider's information of Web service has been described by provider (Provider), and the Web service by whom being provided is generally company, tissue or individual.The possibility that the undeniable Services Composition that identical provider provides in the process of Services Composition completes coarsegrain function is more larger, and suitability is stronger.As in the applied in any combination of Map Services, if user has selected Google Maps service, the so follow-up Map Services of understanding the preferential Google of selection in calling the service process of correlation map.Service provider's information generally can directly be described document and obtain from Web service.The context semanteme of Web service refers to the context-related information that can have influence on Web service discovery and combined result.Therefore, normalized definition service context is semantic, can be automatic Web service and finds to provide to lay the foundation;
<ConSem>::＝<Domain><Provider><Tag> (8)
<Domain>→Travel|Education|Medical|Food|Communication
|Economy|Weapons|Geography|Simulation|… (9)
3) semantic according to the performance of MSDL normalized definition Web service, the qualitative attribute of serving is described, shown in (10).The performance index such as the response time of service, availability, reliability can be defined as a kind of attribute of Web service performance semanteme, represent the performance concept of Web service with is_A; In the process of service discovery, except meeting user to the demand of Web service functional semantics, may there are some demands to service performance in user.The performance characterization of Web service the feature of Web service qualitative and quantitative aspect, therefore semantic by the performance of service, can conveniently select optimal service, thereby the result that Optimized Service is found;
<PerSem>::＝<ResponseTime><Price><Availability><Reliability><
Throughput><Security> (10)
<ResponseTime>::＝<Number> (11)
<Price>::＝<Number> (12)
<Availability>::＝<Number> (13)
<Reliability>::＝<Number> (14)
<Throughput>::＝<Number> (15)
<Security>::＝<Degree> (16)
<Degree>→General|Medium|Advanced (17)
The response time of 3-1 calculation services (Response Time), by numeral, as shown in Backus normal form (11), the response time equals to transmit a request to the interval time of acceptance response information, be service processing time and service transmission time sum, by formula (18), provided:
q rt(s,op)＝T process(s,op)+T trans(s,op) (18)
3-2 calculates the cost (Price) of the service of calling, and has comprised that service requester wants the expense of executable operations, shown in (12);
The accessibility of 3-3 calculation services (Availability), shown in (13), accessibility refers to the probability that service can be accessed within a period of time, by formula (19), is provided:
q av(s)＝T a(s)/θ (19)
Wherein, T a(s) be in the time period, to serve at θ total time that s can be accessed;
The reliability of 3-4 calculation services (Reliability), shown in (14), reliability refers in greatest expected in the time, the probability that request is correctly responded, is provided by formula (20):
q rel(s)＝N c(s)/K (20)
Wherein, N c(s) be in the time, to serve in greatest expected the number of times that s is successfully paid, K refers to total call number;
3-5 calculates throughput (Throughput), refers in given a period of time, serves total call number, shown in (15); Throughput increases, and the response time also will become large;
3-6 evaluates the security (Security) of service, and shown in (16), the security of service can be described with general (General), medium (Medium) and senior (Advanced);
4) semantic according to the space-time of MSDL normalized definition Web service, record the status information of Web service on time and space, suc as formula (21);
<SpTSem>::＝<Space><Time> (21)
<Space>→Cyberspace|PhysicalLocation (22)
<Time>::＝<LifeCycle><Status> (23)
<LifeCycle>::＝<PubDate><DeathDate> (24)
<Status>→Innovation|Offering|Matchmaking|Usage|Feedback (25)
4-1 describes the Spatial Semantics of service, with locationIn, describes.Spatial Semantics has illustrated the residing physically positional information of Web service or the subordinate's of institute virtual address, shown in (22), any Web service spatially all can have relatively-stationary physical location (Physical Location) or address, Virtual Space (Cyberspace), i.e. service provider's main frame position.General user more has a mind to the nearer service in the own position of chosen distance, to can call fast service, the positional information of Web service is generally all provided by service provider.The position of host machine of being disposed as the service of by name " GetBookName " is in seattle, u.s.a.
4-2 describes the temporal meaning of service, definition is suc as formula shown in (23), temporal meaning has illustrated that Web service is at the residing state of whole life cycle different time points (Status), with hasStatus, describe, as stage condition information such as service call, coupling and feedbacks, shown in (25); Also characterized the cycle (Life Cycle) of Web service " survival ", comprised issuing time and the death time of service, with hasPubDate and hasDeathDate, described respectively, shown in (24) simultaneously.User is in the process of service discovery and combination, and should be able to preferentially select the current death time is empty Web service, i.e. the still Web service of survival;
5) semantic according to the technology of MSDL normalized definition Web service, thereby described on technological layer, how to carry out alternately with Web service, shown in (26);
<TecSem>::＝<Protocol><DataFormat> (26)
<Protocol>→SOAP|RESTful (27)
<DataFormat>→XML|WSDL|Text (28)
5-1 describes the communication protocol (Protocol) of service, by kindof_protocol field, describes.The communication protocol of Web service has been described between service and has been carried out the rule that exchanges data should be observed, and comprises SOAP and RESTful agreement, shown in (27).SOAP is mainly to exchange the needed data of both sides for the form with object between Web service application program as Web service invocation protocol, and it is a kind of communication protocol of the platform independence based on XML; And RESTful receives increasing concern as a kind of emerging Web service invocation protocol.
5-2 describes the data layout (Data Format) of service, by kindof_dataFormat field, describes.The data layout of Web service is how to communicate with this Web service for describing Web service and illustrating, as WSDL and XML document, shown in (28);
6) according to the interaction semantics of MSDL normalized definition Web service, thereby the dynamic interaction relation between Web service has been described, by the interactive relation between service, numerous isolated service groups can be made into a relational network, the definition of interaction semantics is suc as formula shown in (29); Because existing Web service semantic model is not considered the interaction semantics of service, the interaction semantics defining in this model, can improve the efficiency of Services Composition.
<IntSem>::＝<Competitive>|<Collaborative>|<Others> (29)
<ComPetitive>→"Exact"|"Plugin"|"Subsume"|"Intersection" (30)
<Collaborative>→"Sequential_total"|"Sequential_part" (31)
<Others>→"Community"|"MemberOf"|"Alliance" (32)
Competition (Competitive) relation of 6-1 definition service, this relation is mainly from the incidence relation between the viewpoint definition service of the functional similarity of two Web services, identical (Exact) relation, grafting (Plugin) relation, succession (Subsume) relation and (Intersection) relation of intersecting have been comprised, shown in (30); By the competitive relation of service, can realize in the discovery procedure of service, a plurality of candidate service are as much as possible offered to requestor, thereby allow service requester select to meet best service;
Relation of identity: meet relation of identity between service, require two services to have relation of equivalence in function, it is defined as: WS 1, WS 2represent respectively two Web services, WS 1at least there is an operation and WS 2one to operate in be semantically function equivalence, WS 1, WS 2meet relation of identity, note is done: <WS 1, WS 2> ∈ Exact.Therefore, the definition of relation of identity is very strict, and in fact between Web service, this strict equivalence coupling is considerably less, unless service provider's special declaration generally, otherwise two independently Web service be difficult to meet relation of identity.
Grafting relation: meet grafting relation between service, require two services to have relation of inclusion semantically, it is defined as: WS 1, WS 2represent respectively two Web services, WS 1at least exist the output parameter of an operation to be integrated into and semantically comprise WS 2the output parameter set of an operation, and WS 2the input parameter of this operation be integrated into and semantically comprise WS 1the input parameter set of this operation, WS 1, WS 2meet grafting relation, note is done: <WS 1, WS 2> ∈ Plugins.In the process of service discovery, follow grafting relation, can find semantic stronger service.For example serve RentalCar and RentalVehicle for two, wherein " vehicles " are semantically comprising " automobile ", so <RentalCar, RentalVehicle> ∈ Plugin.
Inheritance: inheritance is the reverse-power of grafting relation, and it is defined as: WS 1, WS 2represent respectively two Web services, WS 2at least exist the output parameter of an operation to be integrated into and semantically comprise WS 1the output parameter set of an operation, and WS 1the input parameter of this operation is integrated into and semantically comprises WS 2the input parameter set of this operation, WS 1, WS 2meet inheritance, note is done: <WS 1, WS 2> ∈ Subsume.Inheritance has been described Web service partial ordering relation from big to small in function, in the process of service discovery, according to inheritance, can get rid of the service that function is less, for above-mentioned two, hire a car equally and the service of the vehicles, meet <RentalVehicle, RentalCar> ∈ Subsume.
Overlapping relation: the overlapping relation between service, the similarity relation of Web service in function described, it is defined as: WS 1, WS 2represent respectively two Web services, WS 1at least exist the output parameter of an operation to be integrated into semantically and WS 2the output parameter set of an operation is similar, and WS 2the input parameter of this operation is integrated into semantically and WS 1the input parameter set of this operation is similar, WS 1, WS 2meet overlapping relation, note is done: <WS 1, WS 2> ∈ Intersection.The similar of the parameter sets here refers to that one or more input and output parameters of two services exist similar relation, and the similarity relation of parameter can obtain by the intersectionOf relation derivation in body.Overlapping relation between service has been described service and has been had to a certain extent a similar feature, such as the function of service, input and output classes of messages like etc., there is the service of similarity relation, for the replacement of serving the Service Source scarcity in the situation that provide a kind of may.
Cooperation (Collaborative) relation of 6-2 definition service, this relation is mainly the viewpoint definition seeervice level incidence relation connecting from the function between two Web services, can be divided into completely follow-up (Sequential_total) relation and part follow-up (Sequential_part) relation, shown in (31); Cooperation relation between the service semantic relation of seeervice level that has been mainly the viewpoint definition that connects from function between two services, by this cooperative relationship, has the more composite service of coarsegrain function by the service of function singleness by connecting rear composition on the one hand; User has asked, after certain service, also relevant service to be recommended to user as candidate on the other hand;
Complete follow-up relation: complete follow-up relation is defined as: WS 1, WS 2represent respectively two Web services, WS 2at least exist the input parameter of an operation to be integrated into and semantically comprise WS 1the output parameter set of an operation, WS 1, WS 2meet complete follow-up relation, note is done: <WS 1, WS 2> ∈ Sequential_total.Complete follow-up relation requires the input of two services and the output parameter set can semantic matches, for example serve getCountryCodeByCountryName and getExchangeRateByCountryCode for two, the former obtains national coding (CountryCode) by city title, latter obtains the exchange rate between country by national coding, and therefore two services have formed complete follow-up relation.
The follow-up relation of part: the follow-up relation of part is defined as: WS 1, WS 2represent respectively two Web services, WS 2at least exist the input parameter of an operation to be integrated into semantically part and comprise WS 1the output parameter set of an operation, WS 1, WS 2meet the follow-up relation of part, note is done: <WS 1, WS 2> ∈ Sequential_part.The semantic component of the parameter sets here comprises and refers to that one or more input and output parameters of two services exist the Equivalent-of in body, Kind-of, Attribute-of or Part-of relation.The follow-up relation of part represents that the output parameter set of a service can only partly meet the input parameter set of another service, two services above equally, if getExchangeRateByCountryCode also needs to provide date and time information, because the exchange rate between country is all changing every day, and getCountryCodeByCountryName service output can only partly meet service getExchangeRateByCountryCode, the now follow-up relation of component part between two services.
Community (Community) relation of 6-3 definition service, this relation is a kind of relation of coarseness, the service community set that refers to Web service to have identical semantic feature on a certain semantic dimension and form, has a certain identical attribute between the service in community, and then forms community relations.On the basis of Web service various dimensions semantic model, can carry out the community mining of Web service;
Member (MemberOf) relation of 6-4 definition service, this relation is to exist and be subordinate to characteristic between service, as the relation between abstract service and specific service; Between Web service, the foundation of member relation is accompanied by service ontology generative process and produces, by thering is identical and specific service operation-interface identity function, by Ontology Modeling, form abstract service, be that abstract service is the set with same or similar function services operation-interface, therefore the member relation between abstract service and specific service is the relation of one-to-many, each abstract service correspondence a plurality of specific services;
Alliance (Alliance) relation of 6-5 definition service, this relationship description the strategic partnership relationship existing between different Web service provider, whether its relation exists along with forming an alliance between provider changes with the AFDL.Alliance between the different providers of Web service, certainly will will service impactingly select.For example the strategic alliance's relation between Dangdang.com and China Merchants Bank causes the service of user's payment function that the preferential choice for use of meeting China Merchants Bank provides when buying books to carry out on-line payment.
MSDL language of the present invention partly adopts WSDL to describe it at grammer, has therefore made up the difference between WSDL language and Semantic Web Services language.For semantic component, MSDL has defined one group of general service concept (Service Concept) for describing Web service different dimensions semantic information, these service concept come from the concept class of Formal Ontology, comprise the set of the service concept that concept of function (FunctionalityConcept), performance concept (PerformanceConcept), context concept (ContextConcept), space-time concept(ion) (SpatioTemporalConcept) and technological concept (TechnicalConcept) form, MSDL basic structure is referring to Fig. 2.That the present invention uses OWL to describe the service concept of various dimensions semantic model below.
The present invention uses OWL to describe Web service functional semantics:
Figure BDA0000445357790000111
The present invention uses the description of OWL to Web service behavior and intention:
Figure BDA0000445357790000121
The present invention uses OWL to describe the context semanteme of Web service:
Figure BDA0000445357790000122
The present invention uses OWL to describe the performance semanteme of Web service:
Figure BDA0000445357790000131
The present invention uses OWL to describe the space-time semanteme of Web service:
Figure BDA0000445357790000132
The present invention uses OWL to describe the technology semanteme of Web service:
Figure BDA0000445357790000141

Claims (1)

1. a various dimensions semantic model method for building up for Web service, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
1) according to the functional semantics of MSDL normalized definition Web service, it is the function that called Web service can realize, four contents have mainly been comprised: service goal (Goal), import of services (Input), service output (Output) and service constraints (Constraint), provided by Backus normal form (1):
<FunSem>::＝<Goal><Input><Output><Constraint>{″and"|"or"|"not"} (1)
1-1 describes the target of Web service, moving guest's phrase that usage behavior (Behavior) and intention (Intention) form is described, as shown in Backus normal form (2), Behavior represents that operation is directed to behavior and the action that certain intention is carried out, and represents to be intended to the concept set B of corelation behaviour with certain field nrepresent, shown in (3), Intention is the intention of operation, describes the intention of Web service, by Ontological concept, attribute or example shown in (4);
<Goal>::＝<Behaviour><Intention> (2)
<Behaviout>::＝B 1"or"B 2"or"…"or"B n (3)
<Intention>→Concept|Instance|Attribute (4)
The input and output of 1-2 definition service, input and output, as the important component part of function, are described by Ontological concept, attribute or example, shown in (5) (6);
<Input>→Concept|Instance|Attribute (5)
<Output>→Concept|Instance|Sttribute (6)
1-3 describes Web service constraint, service function is limited and is illustrated, with atom predicate C i(i=1,2 ..., m) representing a concrete functional restraint, a plurality of atom predicates accord with " and " by logic and connect, shown in (7);
<Constraint>::＝C 1"and"C 2″and"…"and"C m (7)
2) semantic according to the context of MSDL normalized definition Web service, contextual information need to define the affiliated field (Domain) of service, the label (Tag) of service provider (Provider) and service, shown in (8), wherein, under service, field is listed in formula (9), and service may belong to different fields, Provider has described provider's information of Web service, as company or organization name;
<ConSem>::＝<Domain><Provider><Tag> (8)
<Domain>→Trave;|Education|Medical|Food|Communication
|Economy|Weapons|Geography|Simulation|… (9)
3) semantic according to the performance of MSDL normalized definition Web service, the qualitative attribute of serving is described, shown in (10);
<PerSem>::＝<ResponseTime><Price><Apailability><Reliability><
Throughput><Security> (10)
<ResponseTime>::＝<Number> (11)
<Price>::＝<Number> (12)
<Availbaility>::＝<Number> (13)
<Reliability>::＝<Number> (14)
<Throughput>::＝<Number> (15)
<Security>::＝<Degree> (16)
<Degree>→General|Medium|Advanced (17)
The response time of 3-1 calculation services (Response Time), by numeral, as shown in Backus normal form (11), the response time equals to transmit a request to the interval time of acceptance response information, be service processing time and service transmission time sum, by formula (18), provided:
q rt(s,op)＝T process(s,op)+T trans(s,op) (18)
3-2 calculates the cost (Price) of the service of calling, and has comprised that service requester wants the expense of executable operations, as shown in Backus normal form (12);
The accessibility of 3-3 calculation services (Availability), as shown in Backus normal form (13), accessibility refers to the probability that service can be accessed within a period of time, by formula (19), is provided:
q av(s)＝T a(s)/θ (19)
Wherein, T a(s) be in the time period, to serve at θ total time that s can be accessed;
The reliability of 3-4 calculation services (Reliability), as shown in Backus normal form (14), reliability refers in greatest expected in the time, the probability that request is correctly responded, is provided by formula (20):
q rel(s)＝N c(s)/K (20)
Wherein, N c(s) be in the time, to serve in greatest expected the number of times that s is successfully paid, K refers to total call number;
3-5 calculates throughput (Throughput), refers in given a period of time, serves total call number, and as shown in Backus normal form (15), throughput increases, and the response time also will become large;
3-6 evaluates the security (Security) of service, as shown in Backus normal form (16), the security of service can be described with general (General), medium (Medium) and senior (Advanced), as shown in Backus normal form (17);
4) semantic according to the space-time of MSDL normalized definition Web service, record the status information of Web service on time and space, as Backus normal form (21);
<SpTSem>:;＝<Space><Time> (21)
<Space>→Cyberspace|PhysicalLocation (22)
<Time>::＝<LifeCycle><Status> (23)
<LifeCycle>::＝<PybDate><DeathDate> (24)
<Status>→Innovation|Offering|Matchmaking|Usage|Feedback (25)
4-1 describes the Spatial Semantics of service, Spatial Semantics has illustrated the residing physically positional information of Web service or the subordinate's of institute virtual address, shown in (22), any Web service spatially all can have relatively-stationary physical location (Physical Location) or address, Virtual Space (Cyberspace);
4-2 describes the temporal meaning of service, definition is suc as formula shown in (23), temporal meaning has illustrated that Web service is at the residing state of whole life cycle different time points (Status), as stage condition information such as service call, coupling and feedbacks, shown in (25); Also characterized the cycle (Life Cycle) of Web service " survival ", comprised issuing time and the death time of service, shown in (24) simultaneously;
5) semantic according to the technology of MSDL normalized definition Web service, thereby described on technological layer, how to carry out alternately with Web service, shown in (26);
<TecSe,>::＝<Protocel><DataFormat> (26)
<Protocol>→SOAP|RESTful (27)
<DataFormat>→XML|WSDL|Text (28)
5-1 describes the communication protocol (Protocol) of service, and the communication protocol of Web service has been described between service and carried out the rule that exchanges data should be observed, and comprises SOAP and RESTful agreement, shown in (27);
5-2 describes the data layout (Data Format) of service, and the data layout of Web service is how to communicate with this Web service for describing Web service and illustrating, as WSDL and XML document, shown in (28);
6) according to the interaction semantics of MSDL normalized definition Web service, thereby the dynamic interaction relation between Web service has been described, by the interactive relation between service, numerous isolated service groups can be made into a relational network, the definition of interaction semantics is suc as formula shown in (29);
<IntSem>::＝<Competitive>|<Collaborative>|<Others> (29)
<Competitive>→"Exact"|"Plugin"|"Subsume"|"Intersection" (30)
<Collaborative>→"Sequential_total"|"Sequential_part" (31)
<Others>→"Community"|"MemberOf"|"Alliance" (32)
Competition (Competitive) relation of 6-1 definition service, this relation is mainly from the incidence relation between the viewpoint definition service of the functional similarity of two Web services, identical (Exact) relation, grafting (Plugin) relation, succession (Subsume) relation and (Intersection) relation of intersecting have been comprised, shown in (30);
Cooperation (Collaborative) relation of 6-2 definition service, this relation is mainly the viewpoint definition seeervice level incidence relation connecting from the function between two Web services, can be divided into completely follow-up (Sequential_total) relation and part follow-up (Sequential_part) relation, shown in (31);
Community (Community) relation of 6-3 definition service, this relation is to obtain by having between Web service because certain attribute is identical, as has the community relations forming between the service of identical provider;
Member (MemberOf) relation of 6-4 definition service, this relation is to exist and be subordinate to characteristic between service, as the relation between abstract service and specific service;
Alliance (Alliance) relation of 6-5 definition service, this relation refers to the strategic agreement of signing between provider, the alliance between service provider certainly will will have influence on the selection of service.
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