CN103698597A - High-power microwave power detector - Google Patents
High-power microwave power detector Download PDFInfo
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- CN103698597A CN103698597A CN201310739838.8A CN201310739838A CN103698597A CN 103698597 A CN103698597 A CN 103698597A CN 201310739838 A CN201310739838 A CN 201310739838A CN 103698597 A CN103698597 A CN 103698597A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-power microwave power detector, which comprises a waveguide, an input matching circuit, a detection diode, an output filtering circuit, and a direct current power supply, wherein the input matching circuit is a three-screw rod assembly, the output filtering circuit is a coaxial low-pass filter, the detection diode is a vacuum diode, the three-screw rod assembly and the coaxial low-pass filter are fixedly arranged on a cavity of the waveguide, one end of the coaxial low-pass filter is connected with the cavity of the waveguide through the vacuum diode, the other end of the coaxial low-pass filter is connected with a standard N-shaped joint, and the direct current power supply is connected with a lamp filament of the vacuum diode. After the lamp filament of the vacuum diode is preheated, a microwave signal is sent to the vacuum diode through the three-screw rod assembly, an alternating current electric field is generated between a cathode and an anode of the vacuum diode, and then the current is formed; after the current is filtered by the coaxial low-pass filter, a current path is formed by an oscilloscope detector sampling resistor, and then the size of the power of the detected microwave signal is obtained.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to High-Power Microwave technical field, be specifically related to a kind of HIGH-POWERED MICROWAVES power detector, be applicable to High-Power Microwave peak power measurement under strong electromagnetic environmental baseline.
Background technology
Along with the application of High-Power Microwave technology in fields such as high-energy particle accelerator, heating plasma, High power radars, people have proposed more and more higher requirement to the measuring technique of High-Power Microwave.Yet High-Power Microwave has that peak power is high, pulsewidth is shorter conventionally, monopulse or train of impulses, its measurement environment exist the even feature such as ray interference of strong electromagnetic, causes difficulty to the Measurement accuracy of power.
A kind of High power microwave measurement means of widespread use are first high power to be decayed to middle power or low-power is directly measured.This High power microwave measurement device for example, is comprised of microwave directive coupler (waveguide directional coupler) or attenuator and microwave power wave detector conventionally.Wave detector output level, by the directly variation of reflection input microwave power size, with reference to wave detector output level and input signal power curve, can obtain the power of tested microwave signal.Yet traditional microwave power detector is subject to the restriction of its core component crystal diode power capacity, power input General Requirements is less than 1W, need a large amount of decay of access to make measuring system complicated, and measuring error also will increase.Traditional microwave power detector is also subject to crystal diode sensitivity restriction, detection output signal a little less than, under strong electromagnetic radiation and ray environment, be easily disturbed, cause and measure difficulty.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of HIGH-POWERED MICROWAVES power detector, simple in structure, measuring error is little and not disturbed by strong electromagnetic radiation and strong ray.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
A HIGH-POWERED MICROWAVES power detector, comprises waveguide, input matching circuit, detector diode, output filter circuit, and direct supply; Described input matching circuit is three screw arbor assemblies, described output filter circuit is coaxial low pass filter, described detector diode is vacuum diode, described three screw arbor assemblies and coaxial low pass filter are fixed on wave-guide cavity wave, one end of described coaxial low pass filter is connected with wave-guide cavity wave by vacuum diode, one end is connected with standard N shape joint in addition, and described direct supply is connected with the filament of vacuum diode; After the filament of described vacuum diode is preheated, microwave signal sends vacuum diode to through three screw arbor assemblies, between the negative electrode of vacuum diode and anode, produce alternating electric field, thereby formation electric current, this electric current has after coaxial low pass filter filtering, through oscillograph sample resistance, form current path, obtain thus the watt level of tested microwave signal.
Described vacuum diode is placed in the center of waveguide broadside.
Described coaxial low pass filter comprises inner conductor of filter, wave filter outer conductor, and the first and second claw type sleeve pipe, described vacuum diode is inserted in the mounting hole of wave-guide cavity wave, and one end of described the first claw type sleeve pipe is connected with vacuum diode, and the other end is connected with inner conductor of filter; One end of described the second pawl molded cannula is connected with inner conductor of filter, and its other end is connected with the inner core of standard N connector.
Described vacuum diode and the first claw type sleeve pipe and inner conductor of filter are sealed in teflon sleeve, and wave filter outer conductor is set in teflon sleeve outside.
Described teflon sleeve penetrates along inner conductor of filter and vacuum diode, and the pad that its one end carries vacuum diode is pressed on wave-guide cavity wave.
Described wave-guide cavity wave is provided with wave filter installation base, and described wave filter outer conductor is fixed by screws on wave filter installation base.
Described standard N connector is arranged on wave filter outer conductor, and fixes with pin.
Compared with prior art, HIGH-POWERED MICROWAVES power detector of the present invention at least has following beneficial effect: approximately tens millivolts of magnitudes of traditional microwave power detector amplitude output signal, HIGH-POWERED MICROWAVES power detector of the present invention is based on vacuum diode, can bear higher power input and produce the output signal of approximately tens volts, compared with traditional microwave power detector, improve about 30dB, in same external disturbance environment, the about 30dB of the same raising of its signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), has significantly strengthened anti-strong electromagnetic radiation interference performance of the present invention; Traditional microwave power detector adopts crystal diode as detection tube, is that a kind of semiconductor devices is subject to strong radiation exposure fragile.Detection tube of the present invention is vacuum diode, is that a kind of electron tube is not affected by strong ray; The present invention is provided with three screw arbor assemblies on wave-guide cavity wave, adjusting the length that screw arbor assembly stretches into wave-guide cavity wave can adjust the sensitivity of wave detector, thus the present invention have bear that power is high, amplitude output signal is large, anti-strong electromagnetic radiation and the strong feature that ray interference performance is strong, sensitivity is adjustable.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that HIGH-POWERED MICROWAVES power detector of the present invention forms schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is HIGH-POWERED MICROWAVES power detector principle of work schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is wave detector power input of the present invention and output voltage calibration curve.
Fig. 4 is wave detector physical construction side view of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is wave detector physical construction front elevation of the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to improve power input capacity and the output voltage of microwave power wave detector, the present invention has provided a kind of HIGH-POWERED MICROWAVES power detector based on vacuum diode, comprise that waveguide 100(the present invention selects BJ-100 waveguide), input matching circuit 200, detector diode 300, output filter circuit 400, direct supply etc., as shown in Figure 1, described detector diode 300 adopts vacuum diode, is placed in the center of waveguide broadside; Described input matching circuit 200 adopts and passes three tuning screw assemblies, is placed in detector diode 300 the place aheads, by changing screw rod, inserts the coupling that waveguide depth is realized input impedance.Described output filter circuit 400 adopts coaxial low pass filter, is convenient to be connected with vacuum diode.Described direct supply is connected with vacuum diode filament, for filament heating.
The principle of work of described HIGH-POWERED MICROWAVES power detector as shown in Figure 2.The negative electrode of vacuum diode after by filament heating in battery.When microwave pulse signal is propagated in waveguide, set up alternating electric field E (t).This electric field action is on negative electrode and anode, and under the effect of positive field, negative electrode will have electron beam transmitting, thus in output loop by generation current I (t), this electric current is proportional to the value of electric field E (t); Electric current, after low-pass filter circuit, utilizes its amplitude of digital oscilloscope Measurement accuracy and waveform, thereby realizes the detection of microwave power.The sensitivity of wave detector is carried out to accurate calibration, just can realize the Measurement accuracy of microwave pulse peak power.It is the corresponding curve of measuring its input microwave power and output voltage that described geophone sensitivity is demarcated, and general scaling method is that high-power microwave source connects directional coupler, then connects HIGH-POWERED MICROWAVES power detector, finally connects load; Power meter connects the forward coupled end of directional coupler, oscillograph connects the output terminal of HIGH-POWERED MICROWAVES power detector, progressively increase the output power of microwave source, record respectively corresponding power meter and oscilloscope measurement value, be depicted as the corresponding curve of input microwave power and output voltage, typical experimental calibration the results are shown in Figure 3.
Refer to shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, described output filter circuit is coaxial low pass filter, comprises inner conductor of filter 12, teflon sleeve 10, wave filter outer conductor 11, and the first and second claw type sleeve pipes 9,13.The vacuum diode 5 of pad 6 of being welded is inserted in the mounting hole of wave-guide cavity wave, and one end of described the first claw type sleeve pipe 9 is connected with vacuum diode 5, and the other end is connected with inner conductor of filter 12; Described vacuum diode 5 and the first claw type sleeve pipe 9 and inner conductor of filter are sealed in teflon sleeve 10, and wave filter outer conductor is set in teflon sleeve 10 outsides.
The two ends of wave-guide cavity wave 7 be welded forward flange dish 1 and rear stub 17; Described wave-guide cavity wave upper surface and lower surface be welded respectively wave filter installation base 8 and tuning screw assembly 2～4; Described teflon sleeve 10 penetrates along inner conductor of filter 12 and vacuum diode 5, and its one end is pressed in pad 6 on wave-guide cavity wave 7.Wave filter outer conductor 11 is fixed by screws on wave filter installation base 8, and one end of the second pawl molded cannula 13 is connected with inner conductor of filter 12, and its other end is connected with the inner core of standard N connector 14.Standard N connector 14 is arranged on wave filter outer conductor 11, and fixing with pin 16 and pin 15.
Shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the filament of vacuum diode is connected with direct supply, filament pre-heating; The microwave signal that microwave source produces sends vacuum diode to through input matching circuit (tuning screw), between its negative electrode and anode, produces alternating electric field, under positive field effect, is subject to the cathode surface generation electronics of filament heating to fly to anodic formation electric current.Vacuum diode has far above the anode voltage of common crystal diode and electric current, can bear higher power input and produce stronger electric current.This electric current by low-pass filter filtering after, through oscillograph sample resistance, form current path, its size of current is directly proportional with inputting microwave power, can obtain tested microwave signal watt level with reference to wave detector power input and output voltage calibration curve.
When the present invention installs and uses: HIGH-POWERED MICROWAVES power detector is connected to the output terminal of microwave source or antenna by its waveguide flange; Waveguide flange by opposite side is connected with microwave termination; By concentric cable, the N connector of wave detector is connected with oscillographic input port.According to the tuning characteristic of three tuning screw assembly input matching circuits, utilize network analyzer to carry out the test of wave detector input characteristics, constantly the degree of depth in adjustment screw rod insertion waveguide is until test result meets index request, to obtain good wave detector input characteristics, now geophone sensitivity is best.
The present invention uses vacuum diode to replace crystal diode as detection tube, adopts three screw rod match circuits to realize the tuning and impedance matching in working band, and determines best coaxial low pass filter structure according to Electromagnetic Simulation result.By geophone sensitivity scaling experiment, its power input and output voltage curve to be measured, experimental result is as shown in Figure 3.
By calibration experiment result, can be found out, compared to conventional transistor wave detector, power input capacity of the present invention is significantly improved (being greater than 6kW), and amplitude output signal is brought up to tens of volt magnitudes by hundred millivolts of magnitudes, has strengthened antijamming capability.The present invention is also for the design feature of wave-guide cavity wave and vacuum diode, and design coaxial configuration low-pass filter, simplifies Design of Mechanical Structure, makes wave detector each several part structure and relative position relation rule, easily processing, easily assembling, and apparent size is less.
Finally it should be noted that above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described.Although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, technical scheme of the present invention is modified or is equal to replacement, do not depart from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a HIGH-POWERED MICROWAVES power detector, is characterized in that: comprise waveguide, input matching circuit, detector diode, output filter circuit, and direct supply; Described input matching circuit is three screw arbor assemblies, described output filter circuit is coaxial low pass filter, described detector diode is vacuum diode, described three screw arbor assemblies and coaxial low pass filter are fixed on wave-guide cavity wave, one end of described coaxial low pass filter is connected with wave-guide cavity wave by vacuum diode, one end is connected with standard N shape joint in addition, and described direct supply is connected with the filament of vacuum diode; After the filament of described vacuum diode is preheated, microwave signal sends vacuum diode to through three screw arbor assemblies, between the negative electrode of vacuum diode and anode, produce alternating electric field, thereby formation electric current, this electric current has after coaxial low pass filter filtering, through oscillograph sample resistance, form current path, obtain thus the watt level of tested microwave signal.
2. a kind of HIGH-POWERED MICROWAVES power detector according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described vacuum diode is placed in the center of waveguide broadside.
3. a kind of HIGH-POWERED MICROWAVES power detector according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described coaxial low pass filter comprises inner conductor of filter, wave filter outer conductor, and the first and second claw type sleeve pipe (9,13), described vacuum diode (5) is inserted in the mounting hole of wave-guide cavity wave, one end of described the first claw type sleeve pipe (9) is connected with vacuum diode (5), and the other end is connected with inner conductor of filter (12); One end of described the second pawl molded cannula (13) is connected with inner conductor of filter (12), and its other end is connected with the inner core of standard N connector (14).
4. a kind of HIGH-POWERED MICROWAVES power detector according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described vacuum diode (5) and the first claw type sleeve pipe (9) and inner conductor of filter are sealed in teflon sleeve (10), and wave filter outer conductor is set in teflon sleeve (10) outside.
5. a kind of HIGH-POWERED MICROWAVES power detector according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described teflon sleeve (10) penetrates along inner conductor of filter (12) and vacuum diode (5), and the pad that its one end carries vacuum diode (6) is pressed on wave-guide cavity wave (7).
6. according to a kind of HIGH-POWERED MICROWAVES power detector described in any one in claim 3 to 5, it is characterized in that: described wave-guide cavity wave is provided with wave filter installation base (8), described wave filter outer conductor (11) is fixed by screws on wave filter installation base (8).
7. according to a kind of HIGH-POWERED MICROWAVES power detector described in any one in claim 3 to 5, it is characterized in that: described standard N connector (14) is arranged at wave filter outer conductor (11) upper, and fixes with pin.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107479089A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2017-12-15 | 中国舰船研究设计中心 | A kind of new power wave detector |
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| US4048580A (en) * | 1976-10-18 | 1977-09-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Apparatus for detecting a stable microwave discrete frequency |
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Cited By (1)
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| CN107479089A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2017-12-15 | 中国舰船研究设计中心 | A kind of new power wave detector |
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Effective date of registration: 20211116 Address after: 471000 sub box F11, PO Box 086, Luoyang City, Henan Province Patentee after: 63660 unit of the Chinese people's Liberation Army Address before: 710025 northwest nuclear technology research institute, Hongqing street, Baqiao District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province Patentee before: 63655 unit of the Chinese people's Liberation Army |