CN103698253B - A kind of method of phytoplankton absorption coefficients in separating granular - Google Patents
A kind of method of phytoplankton absorption coefficients in separating granular Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of method of phytoplankton absorption coefficients in separating granular, do you use Whatman? GFF membrane filtration obtains particle in environmental water sample and after carrying out total particulate Measurement of Absorption, utilize sodium hypochlorite to adsorb bleaching and extract phytoplankton on particle, sodium hypochlorite on filter membrane is removed through ultrapure water 5-10 absorption cleaning, redeterminate and obtain non-pigmented particulate adsorbent coefficient, total particulate and non-pigmented particulate adsorbent coefficient differentials are phytoplankton absorption coefficients.Compared with the existing methods, the method can eliminate the interference that the non-crude granule thing of high concentration measures low concentration phytoplankton absorption coefficients very well, improve phytoplankton absorption coefficients experiment separation accuracy, and in processing procedure, do not cause the loss of non-pigmented particle, easy and simple to handle, precision is high, and its advantage is fairly obvious.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method that phytoplankton absorption coefficients in particle is separated, particularly relate to sodium hypochlorite absorption bleaching phytoplankton dynamic processes and then determine particulate adsorbent coefficient and the method being separated phytoplankton absorption coefficients.
Background technology
Phytoplankton and non-coloured particles thing absorb and determine water body changes in optical properties to a great extent, affect the transmission distribution of optical radiation in water body, and then determine horizontal vertical distribution and the migration of phytoplankton and submerged plant, phytoplankton and non-pigmented particle to the competitive influence of spectral absorption to phytoplankton and submerged plant photosynthesis, primary productivity and lake ecosystem type conversion.Phytoplankton and non-coloured particles thing absorb simultaneously is water body water colour parameter remote inverting basis, structure as current chlorophyll a bio-optical model is all go out phytoplankton absorption coefficients based on Remote Sensing Reflectance or dried up radiance retrieval, then calculates acquisition when supposing that specific absorptivity is constant.Therefore, how effectively and accurately the absorption coefficient of phytoplankton in separating granular, is related to the quantitative judge of underwater light field structure, the quantitative remote sensing of the optical components such as phytoplankton, primary productivity and the foundation of dynamics of ecosystem model.
The Measurement of Absorption of suspended particulate substance adopts the method for filter membrane enrichment, accepts the active path that window correction causes due to Multiple Scattering increase by filter membrane being put into spectrophotometer detecting device.And for the be separated method that at present developed some experiments with numerical value be separated of particle phytoplankton with non-pigmented particulate adsorbent coefficient, wherein experimental technique mainly contains two classes: (1) is after total particulate Measurement of Absorption, soak filter membrane with methyl alcohol and extract pigment, thus phytoplankton absorption is separated from total particulate absorbs; (2) on filter membrane, directly drip liquor natrii hypochloritis or add liquor natrii hypochloritis in former water sample and phytoplankton dynamic processes is bleached.
Above-mentioned two kinds of methods have certain application, and wherein methyl alcohol infusion method is many at ocean water body Application comparison, and sodium hypochlorite bleaching method is sporadicly used at the inland case Ⅱ waters of muddiness, but two kinds all exist obvious defect or limitation.A kind of front method, filter membrane inevitably causes the loss of part non-pigmented particle while being immersed in and carrying out pigment extraction in methanol solution, although again can be enriched on filter membrane by cleaning, particle distributes and significant change occurred on filter membrane.In addition, when phytoplankton concentration on filter membrane is very high, pigment extracts can not exclusively, and pigment that is water miscible to some or that can not be dissolved in methyl alcohol cannot be extracted, as phycobilin (phycobilins) and Eukaryotic Algae pigment etc.Therefore often cause the phytoplankton absorption coefficients of separation less than normal near long wave 675nm, and bigger than normal at the shortwave of below 440nm.Definitely leading sample separation phytoplankton absorption coefficients is out accounted for non-pigmented particle in particle and often there is several-fold error.A kind of rear method, on filter membrane, drip sodium hypochlorite can destroy Particle distribution on filter membrane, cause its skewness, and directly add sodium hypochlorite to ensure that Chloride Ion In Water concentration often needs a large amount of liquor natrii hypochloritises toward former water sample, and after filtering, be difficult to sodium hypochlorite on filter membrane to wash, causing shortwave part non-pigmented particulate adsorbent is often negative value, thus causes the phytoplankton absorption coefficients separated inaccurate.
But for the Inland Water of muddiness, because non-pigmented particle concentration is very high, phytoplankton dynamic processes composition is widely different in addition, therefore existing method cannot accurate phytoplankton absorption coefficients on separating granular.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to set up one phytoplankton absorption coefficients separation method accurately and rapidly, be applicable to the environment water of different phytoplankton concentration and ratio, method of operating is easy simultaneously, is applicable to promotion and application.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: the method for sodium hypochlorite absorption bleaching phytoplankton dynamic processes and then separating granular absorption coefficient, particularly, after carrying out total particulate Measurement of Absorption, on the qualitative filter paper of GFF filter membrane periphery drip on 1% sodium hypochlorite 3-5ml, allow liquor natrii hypochloritis from qualitative filter paper slowly maceration on GFF filter membrane, be placed in dark surrounds carry out sodium hypochlorite absorption bleaching filter membrane on phytoplankton dynamic processes 10-15 minute.Utilize ultrapure water to carry out 5-10 absorption cleaning and remove sodium hypochlorite on filter membrane, redeterminate and calculate non-pigmented particulate adsorbent coefficient.
According to embodiments of the invention, the present invention proposes a kind of phytoplankton absorption coefficients method in separating granular, it comprises: GFF filter membrane is laid on moistening qualitative filter paper by (1), the qualitative filter paper of filter membrane periphery drips the liquor natrii hypochloritis 3-5ml of 1%, make liquor natrii hypochloritis from qualitative filter paper slowly maceration on described GFF filter membrane, be placed in dark surrounds carry out sodium hypochlorite absorption bleaching filter membrane on phytoplankton dynamic processes 10-15 minute; (2) utilize ultrapure water to carry out 5-10 absorption cleaning to the GFF filter membrane obtained in step (1), to remove sodium hypochlorite residual on filter membrane, and measure non-pigmented particulate adsorbent coefficient; (3) based on described non-pigmented particulate adsorbent coefficient and by the total particulate absorption coefficient of described GFF filter membrane, determine described phytoplankton absorption coefficients, wherein, the total particulate absorption coefficient of described GFF filter membrane is determined through the following steps: utilize GFF membrane filtration to obtain particle in environmental water sample, and measure the total particulate absorption coefficient of described GFF filter membrane.
In one embodiment of the invention, described 1% liquor natrii hypochloritis obtains by diluting the liquor natrii hypochloritis of 8%.
In one embodiment of the invention, particularly, comprise (a) and first use GFF membrane filtration water sample, and on spectrophotometer, measure absorbance, obtain total particulate absorption coefficient, wherein, the volume of described filtration water sample determines based on the turbidity of described water sample, wherein, utilize cuvette to measure the ray attenuation coefficient of described water sample, get 550nm place absorption coefficient according to the volume determining described filtration water sample after following formulae discovery round numbers: V=500 × C (550)
-0.876, wherein, V represents the volume of described filtration water sample; B () will determine that the GFF filter membrane of total particulate absorption coefficient is laid on moistening qualitative filter paper in step (a)., on the qualitative filter paper of filter membrane periphery drip on 1% liquor natrii hypochloritis 3-5ml, make described liquor natrii hypochloritis from maceration qualitative filter paper on GFF filter membrane; C the GFF filter membrane having adsorbed sodium hypochlorite is placed in dark surrounds and carries out phytoplankton dynamic processes 10-15 minute on sodium hypochlorite absorption bleaching filter membrane by (); D () is placed on dry qualitative filter paper by extracting the GFF filter membrane after bleaching, qualitative filter paper is made to adsorb to fall sodium hypochlorite on GFF filter membrane, then 5ml ultrapure water on dripping on the qualitative filter paper of GFF filter membrane periphery, allow ultrapure water from qualitative filter paper slowly maceration on GFF filter membrane, afterwards filter membrane is placed on another dry qualitative filter paper, by aforesaid operations 5-10 time repeatedly, eliminate sodium hypochlorite on GFF filter membrane to adsorb completely; E GFF filter membrane that step (d) obtains by () is for non-pigmented particulate adsorbent coefficient determination.
In one embodiment of the invention, the non-pigmented particulate adsorbent coefficient measured in step (e) is greater than 676-680nm place mean absorption coefficient at 671-675nm place mean absorption coefficient, but is less than 666-670nm place mean absorption coefficient.
In one embodiment of the invention, if the non-pigmented particulate adsorbent coefficient measured in step (e) cannot meet be greater than 676-680nm place mean absorption coefficient at 671-675nm place mean absorption coefficient, but be less than 666-670nm place mean absorption coefficient, then repeat power step (a)-(d), be greater than 676-680nm place mean absorption coefficient until meet at 671-675nm place mean absorption coefficient, but be less than 666-670nm place mean absorption coefficient.
In one embodiment of the invention, based on described non-pigmented particulate adsorbent coefficient and by the total particulate absorption coefficient of described GFF filter membrane, determine that described phytoplankton absorption coefficients is determined by the total particulate absorption coefficient of described GFF filter membrane being deducted described non-pigmented particulate adsorbent coefficient.
Thus, according to embodiments of the invention, by sodium hypochlorite absorption bleaching phytoplankton dynamic processes and then the method determining non-pigmented particle and phytoplankton absorption coefficients in particle, specifically can operate according to the following steps:
(1) first on spectrophotometer, absorbance is measured with the appropriate water sample of GFF membrane filtration, with the moistening filter membrane of the GFF of ultrapure water cleaning and dipping, obtain total particulate absorption coefficient, filter volume of water sample to determine according to turbidity, specifically measure water sample ray attenuation coefficient with cuvette, get 550nm place absorption coefficient and filter volume: V=500 × C (550) according to being defined as after following formulae discovery round numbers
-0.876.
(2) by measure after GFF filter membrane be laid on moistening qualitative filter paper, according to phytoplankton concentration on filter membrane on the qualitative filter paper of filter membrane periphery drip on 1% sodium hypochlorite 3-5ml, allow liquor natrii hypochloritis from qualitative filter paper slowly maceration on GFF filter membrane.
(3) the GFF filter membrane having adsorbed sodium hypochlorite extraction agent is placed in dark surrounds and carries out phytoplankton dynamic processes 10-15 minute on sodium hypochlorite absorption bleaching filter membrane, avoid high light conditions on the impact of phytoplankton on filter membrane.
(4) be placed on dry qualitative filter paper by extracting the GFF filter membrane after bleaching, qualitative filter paper is made to adsorb to fall sodium hypochlorite on GFF filter membrane, then 5ml ultrapure water on dripping on the qualitative filter paper of GFF filter membrane periphery, allow ultrapure water from qualitative filter paper slowly maceration on GFF filter membrane, afterwards filter membrane is placed on another dry qualitative filter paper, by aforesaid operations 5-10 time repeatedly, eliminate sodium hypochlorite on GFF filter membrane to adsorb completely.
(5) the GFF filter membrane that obtains of step (4) is for non-pigmented particulate adsorbent coefficient determination.
(6) whether the non-pigmented particulate adsorbent coefficient that determining step (5) measures is greater than 676-680nm place mean absorption coefficient at 671-675nm place mean absorption coefficient, and is less than 666-670nm place mean absorption coefficient.
(7) if measure acquisition non-pigmented particulate adsorbent coefficient to can not meet a
d(676-680) < a
d(671-675) < a
d(670-666) condition, repeats claim 3 step (1)-(6), until meet the demands.
Advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect:
(1) can not destroy the distribution of particle on filter membrane, ensure that particle can be uniformly distributed on GFF filter membrane, all pigments in energy full bleaching particle, avoid the defect that in methyl alcohol infusion method, water colo(u)r cannot extract simultaneously.
(2) in implementation process, do not cause the loss of non-pigmented particle, thus avoid artificially amplifying phytoplankton absorption coefficients, the interference of non-pigmented particle to phytoplankton absorption coefficients can be eliminated completely, even if non-pigmented particle concentration is very high in particle also accurately can obtain phytoplankton absorption coefficients.
(3) operation is very easy, and required cost is low: the method only needs 1% liquor natrii hypochloritis to drip and sodium hypochlorite two steps on ultrapure water cleaning filter membranes, and the time of process simple sample is no more than 20 minutes, simultaneously can batch processing.Liquor natrii hypochloritis's price is very cheap, and disposal cost is low.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 shows according to one embodiment of present invention, and the phytoplankton that 90% Microcystis aeruginosa and 10% non-pigmented particle proportioning carapax et plastruw testudinis alcohol immersing extraction obtain, non-pigmented particulate adsorbent coefficient and pure algae and the absorption coefficient of non-pigmented particle own contrast;
Fig. 2 shows according to one embodiment of present invention, and under 90% Microcystis aeruginosa and 10% non-pigmented particle proportioning, sodium hypochlorite adsorbs to bleach and extracts the phytoplankton, non-pigmented particulate adsorbent coefficient and pure algae and the absorption coefficient of non-pigmented particle own that obtain and contrast;
Fig. 3 shows according to one embodiment of present invention, and the phytoplankton that 10% Microcystis aeruginosa and 90% non-pigmented particle proportioning carapax et plastruw testudinis alcohol immersing extraction obtain, non-pigmented particulate adsorbent coefficient and pure algae and the absorption coefficient of non-pigmented particle own contrast;
Fig. 4 shows according to one embodiment of present invention, and under 10% Microcystis aeruginosa and 90% non-pigmented particle proportioning, sodium hypochlorite adsorbs to bleach and extracts the phytoplankton, non-pigmented particulate adsorbent coefficient and pure algae and the absorption coefficient of non-pigmented particle own that obtain and contrast;
Embodiment
According to following embodiment, the present invention may be better understood.But those skilled in the art will readily understand, the content described by embodiment only for illustration of the present invention, and should can not limit the present invention described in claims yet.After mixing with the pure algae of typical algae kind Microcystis aeruginosa in the eutrophication water of inland and non-pigmented particle different proportion proportioning below, sodium hypochlorite bleaching is separated phytoplankton absorption coefficients for example, is described further this method.
Reagent needed for the inventive method and consumptive material:
1) organic extraction agent: 100% methanol solution, this solution is the most frequently used extraction agent that in ocean water body particle, phytoplankton absorption coefficients is separated.
2) containing the liquor natrii hypochloritis of 8% active chlorine:
3) ultrapure water (MillqWater): Millipore company ultrapure water machine is prepared from;
4) the Whatman company GFF filter membrane of 25mm
Equipment needed thereby: spectrophotometer, ultrapure water machine, forcing pump, filtrator.
Operation steps:
(1) first on spectrophotometer, absorbance is measured with the appropriate water sample of GFF membrane filtration, with the moistening filter membrane of the GFF of ultrapure water cleaning and dipping, obtain total particulate absorption coefficient, filter volume of water sample to determine according to turbidity, specifically measure water sample ray attenuation coefficient with cuvette, get 550nm place absorption coefficient and filter volume: V=500 × C (550) according to being defined as after following formulae discovery round numbers
-0.876.
(2) by measure after GFF filter membrane be laid on moistening qualitative filter paper, according to phytoplankton concentration on filter membrane on the qualitative filter paper of filter membrane periphery drip on 1% sodium hypochlorite 3-5ml, allow liquor natrii hypochloritis from qualitative filter paper slowly maceration on GFF filter membrane.
(3) the GFF filter membrane having adsorbed sodium hypochlorite extraction agent is placed in dark surrounds and carries out phytoplankton dynamic processes 10-15 minute on sodium hypochlorite absorption bleaching filter membrane, avoid high light conditions on the impact of phytoplankton on filter membrane.
(4) be placed on dry qualitative filter paper by extracting the GFF filter membrane after bleaching, qualitative filter paper is made to adsorb to fall sodium hypochlorite on GFF filter membrane, then 5ml ultrapure water on dripping on the qualitative filter paper of GFF filter membrane periphery, allow ultrapure water from qualitative filter paper slowly maceration on GFF filter membrane, afterwards filter membrane is placed on another dry qualitative filter paper, by aforesaid operations 5-10 time repeatedly, eliminate sodium hypochlorite on GFF filter membrane to adsorb completely.
(5) the GFF filter membrane that obtains of step (4) is for non-pigmented particulate adsorbent coefficient determination.
(6) whether the non-pigmented particulate adsorbent coefficient that determining step (5) measures is greater than 676-680nm place mean absorption coefficient at 671-675nm place mean absorption coefficient, and is less than 666-670nm place mean absorption coefficient.
(7) if measure acquisition non-pigmented particulate adsorbent coefficient to can not meet a
d(676-680) < a
d(671-675) < a
d(670-666) condition, repeats claim 3 step (1)-(6), until meet the demands.
Microcystis aeruginosa is typical algae kind in the eutrophication water of inland, except containing except the chlorophyll a being dissolved in the organic solvent such as methyl alcohol, ethanol and chlorophyll b, is also rich in abundant algocyan.
Fig. 1 shows phytoplankton that 90% Microcystis aeruginosa and 10% non-pigmented particle proportioning carapax et plastruw testudinis alcohol immersing extraction obtain, non-pigmented particulate adsorbent coefficient and pure algae and the absorption coefficient of non-pigmented particle own contrasts.Can be determined by this figure, when in particle, phytoplankton dynamic processes concentration is higher, plant absorption that methyl alcohol soak extraction particle swims is incomplete, show that non-pigmented particulate adsorbent coefficient exists weak absorbing peak near 675nm, the phytoplankton absorption coefficients of extraction at this wave band lower than the absorption coefficient of pure algae own.Simultaneously because methyl alcohol can not extract algocyan water colo(u)r, make non-pigmented particle near 620nm, there is weak absorbing peak.In methyl alcohol immersion process, because pigment concentration is higher, pigment extracts not exclusively, and the phytoplankton absorption coefficients of extraction is starkly lower than the absorption coefficient of pure algae own, introduces obvious errors.
Fig. 2 shows sodium hypochlorite under 90% Microcystis aeruginosa and 10% non-pigmented particle proportioning and adsorbs to bleach and extract the phytoplankton, non-pigmented particulate adsorbent coefficient and pure algae and the absorption coefficient of non-pigmented particle own that obtain and contrast.Can be determined by this figure, when with sodium hypochlorite absorption bleaching, the phytoplankton of separating and non-pigmented particle spectral absorptance and pure algae and the absorption coefficient of non-pigmented particle own are closely, even if when illustrating that phytoplankton dynamic processes concentration is higher in particle, sodium hypochlorite can compare full bleaching and fall phytoplankton on particle, phytoplankton absorption coefficients can not be caused on the low side, more satisfactory for separating of high concentration phytoplankton absorption coefficients on particle.
Fig. 3 shows phytoplankton that 10% Microcystis aeruginosa and 90% non-pigmented particle proportioning carapax et plastruw testudinis alcohol immersing extraction obtain, non-pigmented particulate adsorbent coefficient and pure algae and the absorption coefficient of non-pigmented particle own contrasts.Can be determined by this figure, when in particle, phytoplankton dynamic processes concentration is very low, plant absorption that methyl alcohol soak extraction particle swims can cause non-pigmented particle loss, cause and separate non-pigmented particulate adsorbent coefficient and be starkly lower than non-pigmented particle actual absorption coefficient, thus cause the phytoplankton absorption coefficients of separation apparently higher than the actual absorption coefficient of pure algae, introduce obvious errors.
Fig. 4 shows sodium hypochlorite under 10% Microcystis aeruginosa and 90% non-pigmented particle proportioning and adsorbs to bleach and extract the phytoplankton, non-pigmented particulate adsorbent coefficient and pure algae and the absorption coefficient of non-pigmented particle own that obtain and contrast.Can be determined by this figure, when with sodium hypochlorite absorption bleaching, the phytoplankton of separating and non-pigmented particle spectral absorptance and pure algae and the absorption coefficient of non-pigmented particle own are closely, even if when illustrating that phytoplankton dynamic processes concentration is very low in particle, sodium hypochlorite bleaching can not cause non-pigmented particle loss and phytoplankton absorption coefficients on the low side, more satisfactory for separating of low concentration phytoplankton absorption coefficients on particle.
Claims (4)
1. the method for phytoplankton absorption coefficients in separating granular, is characterized in that comprising:
(1) GFF filter membrane is laid on moistening qualitative filter paper, the qualitative filter paper of filter membrane periphery drips the liquor natrii hypochloritis 3-5ml of 1%, make liquor natrii hypochloritis from qualitative filter paper slowly maceration on described GFF filter membrane, be placed in dark surrounds carry out sodium hypochlorite absorption bleaching filter membrane on phytoplankton dynamic processes 10-15 minute;
(2) utilize ultrapure water to carry out 5-10 absorption cleaning to the GFF filter membrane obtained in step (1), to remove sodium hypochlorite residual on filter membrane, and measure non-pigmented particulate adsorbent coefficient;
(3) based on the total particulate absorption coefficient of described non-pigmented particulate adsorbent coefficient and described GFF filter membrane, described phytoplankton absorption coefficients is determined,
Wherein, the total particulate absorption coefficient of described GFF filter membrane is determined through the following steps:
Utilize GFF membrane filtration to obtain particle in environmental water sample, and measure the total particulate absorption coefficient of described GFF filter membrane;
Described 1% liquor natrii hypochloritis obtains by diluting the liquor natrii hypochloritis of 8%;
Described method concrete steps are:
A () first uses GFF membrane filtration water sample, and on spectrophotometer, measure absorbance, obtain total particulate absorption coefficient, wherein, the volume of described filtration water sample determines based on the turbidity of described water sample, wherein, utilize cuvette to measure the ray attenuation coefficient of described water sample, get 550nm place absorption coefficient according to the volume determining described filtration water sample after following formulae discovery round numbers:
v=500 ×
c(550)
-0.876, wherein, V represents the volume of described filtration water sample;
B () will determine that the GFF filter membrane of total particulate absorption coefficient is laid on moistening qualitative filter paper in step (a)., on the qualitative filter paper of filter membrane periphery drip on 1% liquor natrii hypochloritis 3-5ml, make described liquor natrii hypochloritis from maceration qualitative filter paper on GFF filter membrane;
C the GFF filter membrane having adsorbed sodium hypochlorite is placed in dark surrounds and carries out phytoplankton dynamic processes 10-15 minute on sodium hypochlorite absorption bleaching filter membrane by ();
D () is placed on dry qualitative filter paper by extracting the GFF filter membrane after bleaching, qualitative filter paper is made to adsorb to fall sodium hypochlorite on GFF filter membrane, then 5ml ultrapure water on dripping on the qualitative filter paper of GFF filter membrane periphery, allow ultrapure water from qualitative filter paper slowly maceration on GFF filter membrane, afterwards filter membrane is placed on another dry qualitative filter paper, by aforesaid operations 5-10 time repeatedly, eliminate sodium hypochlorite on GFF filter membrane to adsorb completely;
E GFF filter membrane that step (d) obtains by () is for non-pigmented particulate adsorbent coefficient determination.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the non-pigmented particulate adsorbent coefficient measured in step (e) is greater than 676-680nm place mean absorption coefficient at 671-675nm place mean absorption coefficient, but is less than 666-670nm place mean absorption coefficient.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, if the non-pigmented particulate adsorbent coefficient measured in step (e) cannot meet be greater than 676-680nm place mean absorption coefficient at 671-675nm place mean absorption coefficient, but is less than 666-670nm place mean absorption coefficient
Then repeat step (a)-(d), be greater than 676-680nm place mean absorption coefficient until meet at 671-675nm place mean absorption coefficient, but be less than 666-670nm place mean absorption coefficient.
4. method according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, based on the total particulate absorption coefficient of described non-pigmented particulate adsorbent coefficient and described GFF filter membrane, determine that described phytoplankton absorption coefficients is determined by the total particulate absorption coefficient of described GFF filter membrane being deducted described non-pigmented particulate adsorbent coefficient.
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| CN114624152B (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2022-08-12 | 生态环境部长江流域生态环境监督管理局生态环境监测与科学研究中心 | Method for testing organic carbon source of water body particles and related equipment |
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| CN201063037Y (en) * | 2007-07-05 | 2008-05-21 | 上海科华生物工程股份有限公司 | Drying chemical test paper for quantitatively measuring activity of human body alpha-amylase |
| CN101701907A (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2010-05-05 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Measuring method of absorption coefficients of total particulate matter and phytoplankton in the water |
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