CN103688096B - For carrying the pipeline of fused salt - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of pipeline for carrying fused salt, it has the tube wall relative to existing temperature stabilization.Being extended with the heat carrier (21) for heating in the inside of pipeline (5), wherein, described heat carrier (21) does not the most abut on the inwall of described pipeline (5).

Description

For carrying the pipeline of fused salt

Technical field

The present invention is based on a kind of pipeline for carrying fused salt, and it has steady relative to existing temperature Fixed tube wall.

Background technology

Such as solar power plant, particularly be in paraboloid trough type solar generating equipment use The pipeline flowed through by fused salt.Here, pipeline connects into for obtaining the sun in solar power plant The networking of energy.In this solar power plant, the radiation of the sun can be collected by means of paraboloidal mirror In on receptor.The combination of paraboloidal mirror and receptor is referred to as current collector.String current collector is connected Become solar energy loop.The radiation obtained by receptor can be passed to heat transport fluid.At present, particularly Use biphenyl/Biphenyl Ether mixture as heat transport fluid, but, this mixture is due to its about 400 DEG C Decomposition temperature and limited in terms of maximum operation temperature.It is capable of greater efficiency relatively to obtain Elevated operating temperature, needs to use other heat transport fluid.To this end, especially with fused salt, such as so-called Solar salt 60, it is a kind of mixture being made up of with the ratio of 60:40 sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate.

But, the shortcoming of fused salt is that they have high-melting-point.Sodium nitrate/mixture of potassium nitrate is the most molten Synthesis eutectic system, this refers at a temperature of 218 DEG C the situation of the mixed proportion with 56:44.As In pipeline networking long present in solar power plant, it is difficult to making have dystectic fused salt can By ground work.Fused salt solidification in pipe-line system can cause big economic loss.This loss former Because of for example, fused salt big volumetric expansion when fusing.This existence makes accessory and pipeline be pressed off and quilt Badly damaged risk.

If fused salt solidifies, then can there is volume contraction, volume contraction may connect according to pipeline and fortune Row state causes different solid states, and the solidification of fused salt substantially stops fortune at solar power plant Occur during row, outside the sunshine-duration.The solidification of fused salt would generally produce bubbles of vacuum in pipeline, Described bubble is converged to bigger unit more or less.When melting again, if having volumetric expansion Fusing position and vacuum area between there is big space length, then can not realize enough volume and mend Repay the pressure occurred with reduction.

In order to prevent fused salt from solidifying, current Normal practice is at long-time period emptying pipeline out of service System.Alternatively and it is possible that heating pipe-line system.To this end, such as can use electric energy or Person uses the heat from available hot memory.If using the heat from available hot memory, Then generally via the heat transport fluid of pipe-line system pumps hot.The shortcoming of this method is: need for this to disappear Consume substantial amounts of electric energy or heat energy.

If arranging electric heater unit, then the most generally by along pipe laying height heatproof, mineral The conductance hot body of matter insulation realizes this setting.But, such as setting in paraboloid trough type solar generating In the case of solar receiver used in Bei, it is impossible to apply this technology, because each receptor Particularly well heat insulation for environment by the bell glass of evacuation.Therefore, receptor is added by electricity at present Heat, i.e. pipe-line system itself is loaded the electric current of high intensity at lower voltages.But, this have as Lower shortcoming: there will be transmission resistance or the heat waste of change at line connection.High-resistance having The electrical heating of increase is there is on position.And drop to low at a temperature of there is generation non-uniform heat flux and local Risk in the fusion temperature of the salt being used as heat-carrying agent.

Known internal heat carrier and its such as Scandinavia area the antifreeze side of water piping system Mask is widely used.Here, the conductance hot body of insulation is placed into protected pipeline loosely In system.When there is frost hazard, heat carrier prevents pipeline from freezing.This method is on thermal technology Than externally heated more effectively.But, this heat carrier being placed in pipeline can not be applied to defeated Send the pipeline of fused salt.In addition to the oxidizing condition of much higher operating temperature and fused salt, in water system Inner conductor provide protection in order to avoid volumetric expansion when freezing.But, unlike this, the body of fused salt When there is not to be to occur at fusing when freezing in long-pending expansion.

The particularly pipe-line system of required heated transportation salt before putting into operation.If these needs it is The on-load voltage of pipe-line system own, then must be by pipeline system before solar power plant puts into operation Total steel quality of system is heated to the temperature apparently higher than salt fusing point.Substantial amounts of energy is needed for this.

Set to operate the solar electrical energy generation with long pipe runs in the case of not having fused salt to solidify Standby, attempt using there is the salt of relatively low fusing point to substitute solar salt at present.But, this has as follows Shortcoming: this salt has a relatively low heat stability and range is confined to the temperature of less than 500 DEG C. This causes solar power plant efficiency relatively low compared with solar salt.

In addition it is necessary to be maintained in the system of closing by the heat-carrying salt of low melting point, this causes other flower Take, because inerting unit system must be laid in solar battery array.Inerting unit particularly exists It is required when using the mixture containing nitrite as heat-carrying salt, because nitrite is deposited at air Time can be oxidized to nitrate by oxygen, and therefore can improve the solidification of salt uncontrolledly.Contain if used The salt mixture of calcium, then calcium can generate insoluble carbonic acid with comprising aerial carbon dioxide reaction Calcium.

Furthermore, it is possible to reduced the fusing point of solar salt by the nitrate of addition element lithium, rubidium and caesium. But, these salt only can obtain on a small scale and can not be with for particularly having heat at economic aspect Amount needed for the solar power plant of memorizer uses.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of pipeline for carrying fused salt, this pipeline allows to make at pipeline In cured heat-carrying salt melt again, and pipeline is not caused damage.It is another object of the present invention to pass through The operating temperature reducing heat-carrying salt reduces solar battery array under halted state such as at night Heat consumption.

This purpose is realized by a kind of pipeline for carrying fused salt, and described pipeline has relative to being deposited The tube wall of temperature stabilization, the heat carrier for heating extends in the inside of pipeline, described heat conduction Body does not the most abut on the inwall of described pipeline.

By using heat carrier that cured salt can be made in pipeline along heat carrier in the inside of pipeline Portion melts equably, thus forms passage around heat carrier, and the salt of fusing can be transported via this passage Walk.Thus avoid on pipeline, applying too high pressure due to fused salt volumetric expansion.Temperature is along leading Hot body is uniformly distributed and also makes the salt around heat carrier melt on the total length of pipeline simultaneously, and because of This also constitutes passage, and fused salt can via this channel flow, and it is possible to balance pressure.

According to the present invention, guide the pipeline that passes through of heat carrier be especially used in solar power plant, Such as in paraboloid trough type solar generating equipment.In this generating equipment, pipeline is the most substantially Horizontally extending, i.e. have less than 5 °, be typically smaller than the gradient of 1 °.

Each pipeline in this solar power plant is respectively provided with the section without bending, and this section has At least up to the length of 100m, typically for up to 300m.Due to the section that this length is straight, can be by Heat carrier is routed in pipe, guides heat carrier without through pipe turn of bilge.

In a preferred embodiment, heat carrier is arranged in pipe prejudicially, wherein, with 45 ° ruling grade extend pipe section in the case of, heat carrier is in a downward direction (with tube wall) Distance more than distance (with tube wall) in an upward direction.In pipe, lay heat carrier prejudicially keep away Exempt under heat carrier that produce when temperature causes heat carrier length expansion, between two fixed positions Vertical region causes heat carrier to touch the inwall of pipeline.Under this depending condition, it is necessary to make heat carrier and pipe The inwall on road is not directly contacted with.In order to fix heat carrier, such as, heat carrier can be made to pass by fused salt stream Ring in the pipeline of warp extends.

In the case of the gradient is more than 45 °, particularly in the case of pipe section vertically extends, excellent Choosing, heat carrier extends in pipeline central authorities.

Heat carrier in order to avoid having extended in terms of its length due to high temperature is carried away by fused salt, especially Tensioning at pipeline beginning when being to see in the flowing direction, it is preferred that insulator is enclosed within heat carrier Above and by heat carrier and insulator it is fixed in ring.Therefore ensure that heat carrier is always in identical portion It is fixed in ring at Wei.This avoids and makes heat carrier be pulled through ring due to the fused salt of flowing. Thereby, it is possible to avoid when heat carrier shrinks again heat carrier to break due to the stress that occurred when cooling Split.This contraction of heat carrier is particularly fixed on solidification in the part being carried away when fused salt solidifies Salt in and can come into question time heat carrier can not move again.

As the replacement being fixed heat carrier by ring, it is also possible to by elastic distance piece by heat carrier It is fixed on inside pipe.Here, be preferably especially respectively by least three, preferably four solid across Heat carrier is fixed in the pipe wall by the distance piece being scheduled on heat carrier.Distance piece can such as pass through bolt It is releasably secured on tube wall, or is non-releasably fixed on tube wall by welding.But It is, it is preferred that distance piece is not connected with tube wall.In this case, except ring also by Conductor is fixed on channel interior by spacing body.

In another alternative embodiment, heat carrier is provided with the circle being hung up in fixation hook, So that heat carrier is fixed in pipeline.These circles are set and achieve the fixing of heat carrier, which avoids The fused salt that heat carrier is flowed moves.Circle fixing on heat carrier such as can be realized by welding. The installing ring on heat carrier and on set to this end, such as the set welded with heat carrier can be helped pull a cart. In addition to being welded on and putting, it is possible to use the chuck together with such as clamping with heat carrier.

Can be excellent through its passage flowed in order to form the salt of fusing as rapidly as possible when salt melts Choosing, is configured with the pipe in any cross section or the form of passage and described pipe or logical by heat carrier The wall in road is provided with opening, and the salt of fusing can flow to be configured to pipe or the shape of passage through described opening The heat carrier of formula is internal and is transported inside heat carrier.

In addition to the solid outer wall being provided with opening, alternatively and it is possible that such as by heat carrier It is configured to knitted fabric or the yarn fabric of annular.In this case, also at knitted fabric or yarn fabric The salt that melted of Inner Constitution can be through its cavity flowed.

Can hollow through its passage flowed as heat carrier is configured to be formed therein fused salt The replacement of body, it is possible to so that heat carrier has at least one U-shaped extended in the axial direction or V The recess of shape.First salt will melt in described recess, thus the salt that described recess forms fusing can Through its passage flowed.The heat carrier of the recess with more than one U-shaped or V-arrangement such as can have There is star cross section.It is also possible that this heat carrier is such as configured with the passage in U-shaped cross section Form.

Except hollow body or there is at least one U-shaped or V-arrangement recess heat carrier in addition to, also may be used Such as to arrange electric conductor solid, that be wound around with gauze.In this case, shape outside gauze Becoming before the passage of heat carrier, first the salt of fusing can flow in gauze.

In addition to above-mentioned probability, naturally it is also possible to heat carrier is configured to solid line or The form of person's rope.Heat carrier can also be formed by material, such as copper or the aluminum that electric conductivity is good, institute State material by corrosion resistant set pipe encapsulation.The material with satisfactory electrical conductivity is thus avoided to flow through pipeline Salt in the presence of be corroded, thus pollute heat-carrying salt and make its thermostability lose.

In addition it is also possible to use the conventional conductor conduct such as with core and the electric insulation part imposing electric current Internal heat carrier, wherein, is additionally installed to corrosion resistant sleeve pipe in electric insulation part.In this feelings Under condition, the metal canula as the protectiveness of corrosion resistant sleeve pipe is also used as the backflow for electric current Conductor.Alternatively, it is possible to use have by high-grade steel (Edelstahl (and according to DIN mark Quasi-EN 10020)) the twin-core assembly of trocar sheath made.The heat carrier of this insulation can also recline On the wall of pipeline.

If using the conductor of rigidity, such as stiff rod, then one or more expansion area is set, with Just can compensate for the expansion caused due to the temperature fluctuation during working.Use conductor excellent of rigidity Point is, it needs less to prevent streamwise from moving compared with fexible conductor inside pipe-line system The holding means of position.

Described conductor can also be made up of multiple sections, one section of the most each receptor, described district Section when assembling such as by screwing, weld or clamping be mutually conductively connected.The structure of branch's section is also Make it possible to imagine by cutting off and reconnecting the receptor changed in row.This connection must be configured to Realize of a sufficiently low transition resistance.

If heat carrier is configured to the form of rope, then one or more twisted wire is twisted into rope.Restrict excellent Elect multiply as.By twisted wire is twisted into restrict form the salt that melted in the center of rope can be through It flows and therefore, it is possible to by the wedgy passage of its balance pressure.It is twisted into rope with twisted wire can produce The raw spiral winding at its center with wedgy passage.Another advantage using rope it is possible to easily Ground flatly compensates thermal expansion.Furthermore, it is possible to regulated the rigidity of conductor by the type of rope so that By corresponding twisting, rope has the high rigidity near rigid conductor.This allows to arrange smaller amounts , guarantee the holding means shifted the most in the flowing direction of restricting.

The twisted wire being twisted into rope can be to take the form of line, i.e. is configured to solid, or can also It is configured to pipe.If the form that litz construction is pipe and not by material or the flowing of highly conductive Heat-carrying agent fill, then twisted wire is the most preferably by being welded on closed end.Each pipe is preferably filled out Inflatable body such as air.Gas in tubular twisted wire can improve the climbing power in fused salt.This permits Permitted the retentivity reduced to be fixed on elastic component required near tube hub.When putting down of tubular twisted wire All density is corresponding to the 1800kg/m of fused salt³Density time produce minimum down force.Tubular twisted wire Can have circular cross-section or noncircular cross section.Noncircular cross section for example, oval or elliptical shaped is cut Face.In the case of noncircular cross section, it is possible to make the pressure quilt of the rising that local occurs when salt melts The most flexibly absorb.Additionally, noncircular cross section increases the sectional area of wedge shape and the most favourable Pressure compensation flow in wedgy passage.In order to obtain noncircular cross section, such as, can manufacture and be used for Constitute the pipe of twisted wire and such as pass through to roll to be flattened.Another kind of with non-round tube structure twisted wire Probability be kidney shaped cross section.This kidney shaped cross section such as by circle shaping mandrel on compression coil around circle Pipe obtains, and thus realizes king-sized wedgy passage between twisted wire.Because twisted wire is accommodated in In fused salt, it is therefore advantageous that the parts mechanically deformed are carried out unstressed annealing so that corrosion is situated between The minimizing risk entered.

Tubular construct twisted wire in the case of, it is also possible to substitute electrical heating or except electrical heating it The outer heat-carrying agent using liquid or the gaseous state flowing through tubular conduit in order to heat.

If pipeline is used as the pipe in the solar battery array of paraboloid trough type solar generating equipment Road, then this pipeline generally include be in inside, the pipe that flowed through by fused salt and be made up of glass, In outside sleeve pipe.Internal pipe and be made up of glass, intermediate cavity between the sleeve pipe that is in outside It it is evacuation.The surface of internal pipe be generally configured absorption solar radiation and by this way by Heating.This heat then is delivered to flow through the heat-carrying agent of pipe from the pipe being in inside.Described region is usual Also referred to as receptor.

In solar power plant, pipeline extends generally u-shapedly, wherein, and a lower limb of pipeline/ Branch is connected with entrance and the second lower limb/branch is connected with outlet.The lower limb of pipeline is at typically at least 100m Distance on, preferably in the distance of at least 300m without extending deviously.With entrance and exit pair On the side put, two lower limbs connect each other by the pipe fitting bridged.Fused salt then flows to this by bending section In inter-access piece and flow to from this bending section second pipeline of composition the second lower limb of level.Excellent in one Selecting in embodiment, the pipe turn of bilge turned to for flowing is respectively provided with the direction continuation along described pipeline Pipe section, wherein, described pipe section is closed part closing and heat carrier through pipe section This closure member extends.In order to not have voltage to be delivered on described pipeline when the work of the heat carrier of insulation, Generally guide heat carrier by the seal of the closure member through pipeline.This seal is simultaneously used for Seal.

The closure member of pipe section is such as it is so structured that closure flange/blank flange.Can also use any Bear other cover pieces of the pressure occurred in pipeline.But preferably closure flange.

Regardless of kind and the shape of heat carrier, round bar is preferably installed on the end of heat carrier.Should Round bar such as can be by being welded to connect, and threaded or clamping connection is connected with heat carrier and exhausted Edge or on-insulated be connected with pipeline.Here, this connection is necessarily constructed as so that round bar good conductive Ground is connected with heat carrier.If the closure member of pipe section is closure flange, then in order to obtain such as electricity Insulation or uninsulated fixing, round bar fill nested structure (sealing shroud structure, Stopfbuchs-konstruktion) in directed and fixing.Situation for the heat carrier in insulation Under prevent electric current to be transmitted on pipe, electric insulation ground structure fill nested structure filling set packaging.This filling Set packaging achieves the gap between round bar and the insulated sleeve entered in pipeline of heat carrier.At this The voltage of as little as 0.7V can be applied in gap.Despite this low-voltage, but in the gap and between this There is near gap high electric field intensity.When pipe-line system is conducted electricity fused salt filling, high electric field intensity Make current direction channel wall and flow in channel wall.

The inner conductor of channel interior is exhausted at the electricity completely such as formed by closure flange of its import department Edge suppresses undesirable electric current.Electric insulation such as can be in the region filling set or at face seal dress The region put is set up.If use face seals, the most also use the device that is spirally connected of electric insulation.

Account for leading at channel interior due to the fused salt of fusing owing to the material of electric insulation does not generally tolerate Temperature, therefore can produce thermograde by suitable heat-barrier material.Such as, can be in pipeline The region of closure flange include for heat insulation fibrous material.Quartz fibre such as can be used to spin Fabric is as described fibrous material.The round bar being fixed on heat carrier through electric insulation and resistant to elevated temperatures, The set being such as made up of pottery or carborundum extends.At the first set being made up of pottery or carborundum Upper connection need not tolerate the second insulating sleeve of electric of the highest temperature again.Such as politef (PTFE) Or other high temperature plasticses are suitable as the material for the second set.Two insulating sleeve of electrics are the most another set of Encapsulating, this is another set of terminates in flange.This flange is sealed by the electric insulation arrangement with the second flange Close.The flange closed to make round bar pass through, uses the filling sealed by sealing device to overlap.Due to institute The insulant used, fills the temperature in set region the lowest, so that sealing device can be by marking Quasi-material manufacture.

If the salt making the solidification in pipeline melts, heat carrier only can produce in the region of import on a small quantity Heat, in order to do not jeopardize the formation of thermograde.This such as can so realize, i.e. makes heat carrier There is in it enters into the region of pipeline compared with in intrinsic heating region relatively low resistance.Relatively Low resistance such as can so realize, i.e. the round bar making heat carrier enter is configured to and heating region In heat carrier compare there is bigger diameter.Additionally and alternatively, heat carrier is entering pipeline Region comprises the material with particularly preferred electric conductivity, to avoid heat carrier in the region entering pipeline In heating.Suitably there is material for example, copper or the aluminum of satisfactory electrical conductivity.Here, heat carrier The region of import can be fully or partly made up of the material with satisfactory electrical conductivity.Example As being designed to comprise solid copper core by the heat carrier in entry zone.

Replacement as round bar, it is possible to use there is the bar in arbitrarily other cross sections.However, it is preferred to circle Bar.

Inner conductor can also be installed in pipe-line system by on-insulated.In this case, import Place may not include any insulation measures.This does not pass through flange in each pipe section of such as solar energy loop Attachment means is advantageous particularly when being connected with each other but be welded to each other.Now it is no longer able to by each pipeline district The insulation of section controls the resistance of whole pipeline.If heat carrier is not with respect to the pipeline district being welded to each other Section electric insulation, then, when applying voltage, electric current flows through the ratio direct ratio of each pipe section and inner conductor Ratio in electrical conductivity and the electrical conductivity of heat carrier of pipeline.Corresponding to this ratio at pipeline with at heat carrier Upper generation heat.By selecting sufficiently large heat carrier cross section and selection the best for having of heat carrier The material of electric conductivity, such as copper or aluminum, can make heat carrier resistance reduce and electrical conductivity increase It is added to following degree, i.e. electric current is incorporated in inner conductor by sufficiently strong, and heat Formed and be concentrated to be arranged on the heat carrier of channel interior with following degree, i.e. inside is led Hot body is heated much more rapidly compared with pipeline.The conduction of the heating faster of inner conductor needs pipeline to lead to Often there is the quality more significantly larger than inner conductor and therefore there is significantly larger thermal capacitance.

In this arrangement with on-insulated heat carrier, whole pipeline does not produce heat conduction Electric potential difference between body and pipeline.Pipeline can be relative to the device framework electric insulation of carrying pipeline.

In order to make heat carrier not damaged by the fused salt flowing through pipeline, heat carrier is preferably by relative to being used Salt, make especially with respect to nitrate corrosion-resistant material.Alternatively, can be with the most Illustrate arranges corrosion resistant sleeve pipe for heat carrier.If heat carrier is made up of corrosion-resistant material, then It is particularly suitable for using high-grade steel, such as preferably St 1.4571 and St 1.4541 shaped steel, but can also It is St 1.4301 or steel based on nickel such as St 2.4856.

If use high-grade steel, such as St 1.4571, first formed that be passivated, anti-on heat carrier Only corrode, the metal oxide layer/metal nitrate salt deposit of about 15 μ m-thick, electric current is produced by this layer Raw sizable resistance.The resistance of this protective layer contributes to the control of the electromotive force to heat carrier system.I.e. The little voltage on conduction salt is made also to be able to trigger the electrode process causing corrosivity to deposit.This electrode mistake Journey can be from the beginning of the limiting voltage that determines.The protective layer preventing corrosion produces protection also by overvoltage And therefore improve the decomposition voltage of system.

Heat carrier is used to allow operation to be maintained at the height of the heat-carrying agent used in pipeline at channel interior On fusing point.This makes to be used as salt mixture as heat-carrying agent, this salt mixture and institute before The salt mixture discussed is compared has higher fusing point.Such as can use nitrate mixture, its bag Containing sodium nitrate as main component.This has the advantage that largely to save and can be used for giving birth to Produce the potassium deposit of potash fertilizer.So-called " solar salt 60 " comprise at present by weight 60% sodium nitrate and The potassium nitrate of by weight 40%.Sodium nitrate share in salt can bring up to by weight 80% or Even more than by weight 90% and higher.The fusing point of salt correspondingly from by weight 40% nitric acid Potassium and by weight 60% sodium nitrate mixture in the case of 235 DEG C be increased to by weight In the case of the mixture of the sodium nitrate of 80% and the potassium nitrate of by weight 20% 273 DEG C and pressing In the case of the mixture of the sodium nitrate of weight meter 90% and the potassium nitrate of by weight 10% 293 ℃.In the case of using pure sodium nitrate, fusing point is 306 DEG C.

In addition to the stoichiometric composition of fused salt, inner conductor is combined with fused salt has the biggest advantage. Solidification, dystectic crystal more great and sink the bottom to pipeline than the fused salt of surrounding ratio.Big crystal grain Subsidence velocity more than the subsidence velocity of little crystal grain.It is envisioned that the attachment that crystal grain is on tube wall is covered with it Lid, but, in the pipe that insulation is good, the most do not observe this situation.At the bending section of pipe, Dystectic crystal grain separates in relatively low position.Here, the degree of this separation depends on that pipeline is exhausted The quality of edge.The pipeline that very well insulate, melt solidifies in Long time scale lentamente with The pipeline insulated is compared and can be shown bigger separation goodly.

But, crystal grain sinking, dystectic can not get rid of the melt of low melting point completely.More precisely Ground is said, there is substantial amounts of high-melting-point crystal grain in pipeline lower region, but they gap location also There is the material of low melting point.When being fully cured, formation is made up of the crystal grain with different fusion temperature Not homogeneous mixture.

When heating this mixture, first the crystal grain with low melting point melt.Produced melt First complete wetting has the compositions of crystal grain of higher melting temperature.Here, it is produced biphase mixed Compound loses its any mechanical stability the most hardly.Only when the compositions of crystal grain carrying out supporting When having the part fusing of higher fusion temperature, this mixture is just changed into the form of pumpable.For Application in solar power plant, it means that there is the pipeline of the fused salt wherein with solidification Intended fusing point must be heated above (at solar salt 60 before can reaching harmless pumpability In the case of be 242 DEG C).

Selective crystallization and its by containing the crystal grain of sodium nitrate at high proportion sink to the relatively low of pipeline In region, it is in the residue melt on top in terms of sodium nitrate content by dilution.This dilution is always Last till in melt, reach eutectic concentration ratio.Residue melt is then managed with this concentration ratio The upper area of road system solidifies.

By using heat carrier at channel interior, economy has also been reliably achieved the molten of this consolidated structures Change.

Particularly in the case of the Pipeline of level, heat carrier can be purposefully placed at pipe In the upper area on road.In this place, heat carrier be there is the ratio of increase and there is low melting temperature Crystal grain, i.e. the crystal grain of eutectic system mixture around.Additionally, meeting in the upper area of pipeline A large amount of cavity occurs.Can realize in a relatively simple manner in this place reducing and produce when heating Horizontal pressure force difference melt channel.

Consolidated structures due to such as foregoing solar salt 60, as a consequence it is hardly possible to limit salt mixture In the significant fusing point of fused salt.Such as, it is melted at a temperature of 221 DEG C and has begun to, but, Last crystal just disappears when the temperature higher than 280 DEG C.

Because pipeline generally also comprises accessory, such as valve in addition to intrinsic pipe section, the most required Correspondingly heating valve, to guarantee its function and not to be damaged to when fused salt melting dilation.In order to add Thermal valve, such as, directly can from inside to outside be heated the region of static closure elements by internal heat carrier, by This makes the salt in valve melt.Here, heat carrier is directly connected to static closure elements from the both sides of valve. If needing resistors match in this place, in the form of a ring good can be laid around this static state closure elements Good electric conductor.Here, this ring is assembled in valve body the most as follows, i.e. this ring does not weaken valve The load bearing component of structure.By for valve body electric insulation, the heat being released of heat carrier focuses on valve seat On.Alternatively, it is possible to by having the material of extraordinary electric conductivity, such as copper makes this ring.Valve In heating ring preferably in terms of its resistance value value with heat carrier mate.Here, this ring constitutes heat conduction The part in valve region of body.In addition to using valve, such as in the case of clack valve or guiding valve, The similar structures with other accessories can also be used.Flow here, this ring is respectively provided with fused salt through it The geometry of sleeve pipe.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are further elucidated with in the following description.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 illustrates the schematic diagram of the solar battery array of paraboloid trough type solar generating equipment,

Fig. 2 illustrates the pipe section of the fused salt with solidification,

Fig. 3 illustrates the cutting plane of the pipeline with the solar salt 60 solidified wherein,

Fig. 4 illustrates the exemplary trend of the heat carrier in solar energy loop,

Fig. 5 is shown in which to be extended with the pipe section of heat carrier,

Fig. 6 illustrates the impact on unfixed heat carrier of flowing through pipe,

Fig. 7 illustrates heat carrier and insulator fixing in ring,

Fig. 8 illustrates heat carrier and circle fixing on hook,

Fig. 9 is shown in the salt of solidification the passage along heat carrier formed

Figure 10 illustrates heat carrier fixing in the region of the pipe turn of bilge turned to for flowing

Figure 11 illustrates inner conductor setting at the end pieces with 180 ° of bendings,

Figure 12 illustrates the alternative of the pipeline of 90-degree bent

Figure 13 illustrates the cross section of the pipe section with multiple section,

Figure 14 illustrates the trend of the parasite current between heat carrier and tube wall,

Figure 15 A to 15E illustrates the cross section of the geometry of different heat carrier,

Figure 16 illustrates the rigidity heat carrier with expansion compensation,

Figure 17 illustrates the cross section of the pipeline with the heat carrier kept by elastic distance piece,

Figure 18 illustrates the described pipeline cutting plane along the line A-A' in Figure 17,

Figure 19 illustrates the described pipeline cutting plane along the line B-B' in Figure 17,

Figure 20 illustrates and is configured to rope and the most on-insulated is positioned at the length being made up of the pipeline fitting welded Heat carrier in pipeline,

Figure 21 illustrates the heat carrier being configured to rope, and it extends through closure flange,

Figure 22 A to 22C illustrates the cross section of the different heat carriers being configured to rope,

Figure 23 illustrates a kind of replacement scheme making heat carrier pass through closure flange,

Figure 24 illustrates that heat carrier is arranged in moveable pipe connection,

Figure 25 is shown in which to be provided with the cross section of the valve of heat carrier,

Figure 26 illustrates the vertical view cutting plane of the valve in Figure 25.

Detailed description of the invention

The solar battery array 1 of paraboloid trough type solar generating equipment has multiple solar energy loop 3.Solar energy loop 3 is made up of the pipeline 5 flowed through by heat-carrying agent respectively.According to the present invention, as Heat-carrying agent uses fused salt, and solar salt is preferably used, i.e. by potassium nitrate and sodium nitrate with 40:60 The mixture of ratio composition, or there is the eutectic system of the mixed proportion of 44:56.

In solar energy loop 3, heat-carrying agent is heated by means of the solar energy irradiated.To this end, pipe Stagewise ground, road 5 is encapsulated by glass tubing 7.Space between pipeline 5 and glass tubing 7 is evacuated. There is also parabolic troughs in the lower section of glass tubing 7, the sunlight of irradiation is reflected in this parabolic troughs And it is deflected by glass tubing 7.The beam being irradiated on glass tubing 7 conducts heat to flow through pipe On the heat-carrying agent on road 5, heat-carrying agent is thus made to be heated.

The heat-carrying agent of the pipeline 5 flowing through solar energy loop 3 flows in catcher 9 and from this collection Device 9 continues to flow into heat-carrying agent and goes out in head piece 11.Flow through heat-carrying agent and go out the heat-carrying agent of head piece 11 Generally being directed in heat exchanger, in this heat exchanger, heat is released on steam-return line, The turbine being such as used in generation electric energy/power by this steam-return line is run.Leave heat exchanger, Cooled heat-carrying agent is directed in allotter 15 by heat-carrying agent input port 13 and from dividing Orchestration 15 is directed in the pipeline 5 of solar energy loop 3.

Due to the high-melting-point of fused salt, when solar power plant does not runs, described fused salt generally solidifies. Such as when very few sunlight parabolic troughs, such as night, always this thing happens.Work as example If desired for when carrying out upkeep operation, it is also necessary to pausing operation.

In period out of service, the fused salt flowing through pipeline 5 may solidification.This is such as in Fig. 2 Shown in pipeline section.

Volume contraction is generally there is in fused salt when solidifying in pipeline 5.This causes being formed very in pipeline 5 Air bubble 17.Bubbles of vacuum 17 is at this inside salt 19 of solidification.

If the salt attempting to make solidification melts, it is possible to, if by chance there is volumetric expansion in generation Fusing position and bubbles of vacuum 17 between there is big space length, then may not have enough Volumetric balance reduces produced pressure.Then, this volume produced due to the fusing of salt is swollen Swollen meeting causes the damage of pipeline 5.

It is exemplarily illustrated the form of the solar salt 60 of solidification in figure 3, say, that by by weight The sodium nitrate of 60% and the salt mixture of the potassium nitrate composition of by weight 40%.

When solar salt 60 solidifies, rich in sodium nitrate, the knot with the fusion temperature of about 280 DEG C Crystal is first solidifying when about 244 DEG C.It is internal to the crystalline substance sunk that sodium nitrate is formed at pipe section 47 Grain.Here, subsidence velocity is particularly depending on crystal grain becomes much.The size of crystal grain depends on solidification Speed.Crystal grain owing to being made up of sodium nitrate sinks, and the concentration of crystal grain up drops inside pipeline section 53 Low.Due to the volume contraction of salt, solidification salt 19 be internally formed spaced apart cavity.In solidification Salt 19 surface on formed cystose region 20, the in this region eutectic composition of solar salt 60 Solidification.This region does not the most comprise any sodium nitrate crystal grain.It is formed above very in cystose region 20 Air bubble 17.Described crystalline solid gathers in the accessible lower area of stream in pipeline region.Cavity is excellent It is selected in the accessibility upper area of stream in pipeline region formation.

In order to obtain fused salt in the uniform melt within pipeline 5, according to the present invention, 5 arrange by the road There is the heat carrier 21 with uniform resistivity.This is exemplarily illustrated in the diagram.

According to the present invention, heat carrier 21 extends in the inside of pipeline 5.Here, heat carrier such as constructs For resistive conductor.Apply voltage time, heat carrier 21 heat up and around heat carrier 21 salt fusing with Form the passage around heat carrier 21.

Powered for heat carrier 21 by main electric supply installation 23.Branched out for leading by main electric supply installation 23 The supply lines 25 of hot body 21.In transformator 27, supply voltage is to add in pipe line 5 by transformation Voltage necessary to fused salt.Multiple reheat loop can be connected on a voltage supply device.Electricity Pressure feeding mechanism and loop are connected and reheat loop in succession in succession.

In order to install heat carrier 21 simply, heat carrier is preferably at the pipeline 5 that extends of U-shaped ground The end of one lower limb is drawn from pipeline 5 and conductively connected with the heat carrier drawn from the second lower limb. Thereby, it is possible to avoid the laying of complexity, be particularly movably, need many for heat carrier In the case of the current collector pipeline 5 of the supporting arrangement of 21.

It is particularly preferred that use to heat, there is the floating produced by earth-free transformator 27 The electric heating line of alternating potential.The alternating potential floated has the advantage in terms of safety.Example If allowing and having insulation fault in the loop.

Receptor itself to remain electrically isolated from.Mutually insulated also wanted by receptor.The generally resistance of insulator Bigger than the resistance of heat carrier 10 times is enough.So, if such as heat carrier has less than 0.1 ohm Preferred small resistor, for receptor, the resistance of one ohm has been enough to be used in fully absolutely the most Edge.The state of insulation of heat carrier such as can be monitored by online resistance measurement.

Figure 5 illustrates the pipe section with the heat carrier extended wherein.

Heat carrier 21 is fixed in pipeline 5 such as shown in Figure 5 like that in suspension.To this end, Heat carrier 21 such as can extend through ring 29.Here, ring 29 is such as fixed in suspension On the upside of pipeline 5.

Heat carrier 21 is preferably arranged in pipeline 5 prejudicially, wherein, with the distance of the upside of pipeline 5 It is chosen less than the distance of downside with pipeline 5.Lay heat carrier 21 prejudicially and avoid heat carrier 21 come in contact with tube wall when heating and during adjoint length expansion.Here, heat carrier 21 Sagging especially relevant with temperature.Temperature is the highest, and length expansion is the biggest, and heat carrier 21 is sagging the most strict Evil.

Except figure 5 illustrates by ring 29 fixing in addition to, alternatively and it is possible that example As used the distance piece of elasticity.Here, the distance piece of elasticity is preferably arranged in pipeline with the form intersected In 5 and heat carrier 21 described intersection point of intersection extend.

Another being arranged in by heat carrier 21 in the upper area of pipeline 5 prejudicially is also advantageous in that, very Air bubble 17 generally occurs in the upper area of pipeline 5.Adding thermal conductor 21 and managing concomitantly When salt in road 5 melts, rapidly form fluid passage along heat carrier 21.Pass through to be formed this Planting passage can be by owing to the issuable pressure dissipation of volumetric expansion institute during fusing be to playing discharge effect Bubbles of vacuum 17 at.

But, if heat carrier 21 is not fixing in ring 29, heat carrier 21 may be caused and flow through The fused salt of pipeline 5 flows together until heat carrier is tensioned in pipeline 5.This is the most exemplary Illustrate.Only on end, that is tight upstream in the fixed position of heat carrier 21 form possibility The big sweep 31 of pipeline 5 can be contacted.

Heat carrier 21 tensioning makes the further drawback constituting sweep 31 be, in the feelings of fused salt solidification Under condition, the displacement of this conductor may result in the biggest mechanical load of heat carrier 21, thus causes machinery Damage.Heat carrier is fixed in its position when salt solidifies and starts owing to temperature of molten salt declines Shrink.Thus, in the part being tensioned of heat carrier 21, effect has strong pulling force.

In order to avoid this displacement of heat carrier 21, heat carrier preferably axially is fixed in pipeline 5.

Possible the fixing of heat carrier 21 is exemplarily illustrated in figures 7 and 8.

Figure 7 illustrates heat carrier to be fixed in ring by insulator.

In order to fix heat carrier 21, such as, can be that heat carrier 21 arranges insulation sleeve 33.Here, absolutely Edge set 33 is to make the most displaceable mode of insulation sleeve be connected with heat carrier 21.To this end, such as can be by Insulation sleeve 33 is clamped on heat carrier 21.Alternatively and it is possible that by the most logical for insulation sleeve 33 Cross to screw and be connected with heat carrier 21 releasedly, or such as by welding non-releasably with heat carrier 21 connect.

Insulation sleeve 33 has widening portion 35 in side.In order to make heat carrier 21 be fixed in pipeline 5, Heat carrier 21 be enclosed within insulation sleeve 33 thereon and be passed through in pipeline 5 fixing ring 29 and extend.Absolutely Edge set 33 is then resisted against on ring 29 with widening portion 35 so that insulation sleeve 33 cannot pass through ring 29 slide.In order to avoid sliding through when operating (ring), widening portion 35 is positioned at ring On the side in face of heat-carrying agent stream of circle 29.

If being intended to enable flow inversion or grasp in the way of heat-carrying agent in any direction upper flowing Make solar energy loop 3, alternatively and it is possible that heat carrier 21 extend through ring 29 it After another widening portion is installed on the side opposed with widening portion 35.

The fixing of the replacement of heat carrier 21 figure 8 illustrates.

In the embodiment shown in figure, heat carrier 21 is provided with circle 37.Enclose 37 permissible Being suspended in hook 39, hook 39 can have the configuration of winding escalator such as shown in Figure 8.Pass through The hook 39 of winding escalator ground design avoids circle 37 and takes off due to different flow effects when operating Open.

Circle 37 such as can be fixed on heat carrier 21 by means of set 41.Here, set 41 is such as For the chuck being connected with heat carrier 21.The fixing of set 41 such as can pass through clamping or pass through welding Or screw and carry out.

It is particularly preferred that set 41 and/or circle 37 are made up of insulant.

Use insulation sleeve 33 (as shown in FIG. 7) or use the circle 37 being made up of insulant 41 have such advantages as with set, do not have electric current to flow to overlap 29 or hook 39 from heat carrier 21.With This mode can reduce the parasitic electricity by flowing through via fixing on pipeline 5 of heat carrier 21 Stream.

Figure 9 illustrates the passage along heat carrier formed in the salt of solidification.

If after the less desirable halted state of solar power plant, such as in power-off at night In the case of, salt is cured in pipeline 5, then first supply heat carrier 21 to again put into operation Voltage, thus, heat carrier is heated.Around heated heat carrier 21, it is included in pipeline 5 In salt start fusing.In the case of operating uniform current in heat carrier 21, salt melts equably, And form passage 43 there.The salt of fusing can flow through passage 43, thereby, it is possible to reduce Owing to volume when salt melts increases produced pressure.

By allowing salt to avoid pressure to increase it can be avoided that set at solar electrical energy generation through passage 43 flowing Standby damage when putting into operation to pipeline 5.

Use heat carrier 21 can also save in the case of there is undesirable halted state and empty pipe Road 5 and correspondingly save and empty whole solar battery array 1.Also emptying pipeline 5 it is not necessarily as Replacement and be entirely prevented from salt solidification.Heat carrier only must keep vacating sufficiently large flow channel.

Additionally, the heat carrier of inside provides the biggest excellent in the case of loop empties and restarts afterwards Point.On the one hand, when only heat carrier significantly more than fusion temperature pipe-line system not significantly more than During fusion temperature, tolerable flows to the flowing of pipe-line system.On the other hand, at the total length of heat carrier Upper consistent resistivity guarantees not exist cold spot.

Heat carrier fixing the most exemplarily in the region for the pipe turn of bilge of deflection of flowing Illustrate.

As seen from Figure 1, solar energy loop 3 is generally with U-shaped formal construction.Here, two pipes Road 5 constitutes the lower limb of U-shaped solar energy loop 3, and wherein, the pipeline 5 constituting lower limb is deviating from catcher 9 Or on the side of allotter 15 by across pipe be connected with each other.Fused salt flows through U-shaped solar energy loop 3 A lower limb, flow subsequently through connect two lower limbs, across pipe fitting and flow back to via the second pipeline 5 Catcher 9.In order to avoid being arranged on lower limb by bothersome for heat carrier 21 in the region that turns to of fused salt flowing End on, it is advantageous that the pipe turn of bilge 45 turned to and use to flow is configured as T-piece also And it is provided with the pipe section 47 of the direction continuation along pipeline 5.Pipe section 47 is closed by closure member 49, And heat carrier 21 extends through closure member 49.

Such as closure flange is suitable as the closure member 49 for pipe section 47.

In order to avoid electric current section 47 by the road flow to pipeline 5, heat carrier 21 prolongs in insulating manner Extend through closure member 49.The heat carrier 21 extending through closure member 49 then may be coupled to suitable electricity On gesture feeding mechanism.Alternatively and possible, as shown in Figure 4, two adjacent tubes 5 Two heat carriers are mutually coupled, respectively.

Fused salt deflects the situation of 180 ° in fig. 11 via two pipe turn of bilges that such as figure 10 illustrates Illustrate.

In order to add the inside of heat pipe, make heat carrier 21 along pipeline 5 the most in insulating manner Extend through closure member 49.The pipe section 121 of half-twist is connected with pipeline 5.Make similarly Heat carrier 21 extends through the pipe section 121 of half-twist.In order to for not only in pipeline 5 but also Heat carrier 21 in the pipe section of half-twist is powered, insulated through closure member 49 extend each The end of heat carrier is mutually made electrical contact with by outside wiring 119.

In an identical manner, relative to half-twist pipe section 121 also half-twist second pipe Road 5 is connected in the pipe section 121 of half-twist, thus realizes 180 ° turn to generally. On this position, heat carrier 21 is also each passed through the closure member 49 of pipe ends and extends and by outward The wiring 119 in portion is electrically connected to each other such that it is able to by being in a heat carrier 21 of inside generally Heat all pipeline sections flowed through by fused salt.

Figure 12 illustrates the alternative of the pipeline curving 90 ° of angles.Heat carrier 21 is filled by tension Put 122 centers being maintained at pipe.Take-up device 122 is fixed on heat conduction by clamping or welding The corner of body 21.This structure can make the heat carrier of inside follow the flow direction of heat-carrying agent. Compared to the embodiment shown in Figure 11, eliminate pipeline connecting parts and outside wiring.

Figure 13 illustrates the cross section of pipe section through having multiple section.

The solar energy loop 3 of solar power plant is typically split into multiple section 51.These sections 51 In each there is the pipe section 53 encapsulated by glass tubing 7.Here, each section 51 of correspondence With acting on the receptor receiving solar energy.

Each pipe section 53 is generally by having the metal of satisfactory electrical conductivity, being such as made up of high-grade steel. In order to the possible parasite current from heat carrier 21 to pipeline 5 being limited in local, it is preferred that each Individual pipe section 53 insulated body 55 is separated from each other.Material for insulator 55 is chosen as and is used as The resistance of the heat carrier of heat carrier 21 compares the material with bigger resistance.Heat-stable ceramic, mineral nitrogen are fine Dimension sealing member or Muscovitum sealing member are particularly suitable for use as the material of insulator 55.

Except insulator 55, each section 51 is interconnected by attachment means or compensator 57 phase of machinery Connect.The compensator 57 needing machinery carrys out the length expansion that compensation conduit 5 is in operation.

Although the heat carrier 21 of insulation can be fixed on the inside of pipeline 5 by insulator, as at figure It is exemplarily illustrated in 7 and 8, but it is advantageous that, by a part of insulator shown in Figure 13 55 are placed in solar energy loop, and to prevent, the parasite current of feed-in from accumulating in guard system.

Except in the pipeline 5 of solar energy loop 3 use in addition to, according to the present invention for pipeline 5 The heat carrier 21 of inside heating can be also used for heating collector 9, allotter 15, heat-carrying agent go out Head piece 11 and heat-carrying agent input port 13 and other all pipelines flowed through by fused salt.Soft using Property conductor in the case of, it is also possible to be used in flexibility hoseline in.

Because the resistance of metal is the most relevant with temperature, the most additionally can be used for surveying by heat carrier 21 The mean temperature of the internal heat carrier of amount and indirectly measure the mean temperature of fused salt in pipeline 5.This When the material with the electrical conductivity the most relevant to temperature being used for heat carrier 21 advantageous particularly.

The fixing respectively at the beginning of section 51 with the embodiment shown in Figure 13 of heat carrier 21 Circle 37 and hook 39 by such as figure 8 illustrates realize.Heat carrier 21 is guaranteed by hook 39 is fixing Not at section 51 internal shift.Heat carrier 21 fixing such as by elasticity in corresponding pipe section 53 Distance piece 59 carry out.Here, can one or more positions in the pipeline section 53 of section 51 Fixing by elastic distance piece is set.Here, the distance piece 59 of elasticity preferred to installation quilt Push in pipe and with tube wall be not connected but be supported by only against tube wall.

High heat resisting steel, such as St 2.4668 or Inconel X750 are preferably as elastic partition member The material of 59.

Parasite current flowing between heat carrier and tube wall is exemplarily illustrated in fig. 14.

In the case of the heat carrier 21 insulated is not by insulated fixing, such as, using elastic interval In the case of part 59, electric current is flowed on pipeline 5 by elastic distance piece 59.This exemplarily with Dotted arrow illustrates.Produced parasite current 61 causes heating power not act on heat carrier 21, But act on the wall of other positions, such as pipeline 5.As long as accounting for master by the electric current of heat carrier 21 Lead, although parasite current 61 reduces the efficiency of heating surface, but it does not jeopardize the heating function of heat carrier 21.

In addition to flow to the parasite current 61 of tube wall via fixing device, also produce due to pipeline 5 In fused salt high conductivity and through the electric current of fused salt.This is exemplarily illustrated by arrow 63.As Really the wall of pipeline 5 be cured, the salt with low electric conductivity covers, then by the electric current 63 of fused salt Largely reduce.

In the case of high-grade steel is used for heat carrier 21, by being generally formed on high-grade steel about 15 μ m-thick, passivation metal-oxide/metal nitrate salt deposit reduce the parasite current by fused salt 63, wherein, metal-oxide/nitric acid salt deposit produces significant resistance to electric current.

Additionally, the voltage applied is also possible to be caused corrosion by electrochemical reaction.For this reason, Must assure that the voltage between the wall of heat carrier 21 and pipeline 5 is less than the limit electricity that electrochemical reaction occurs Gesture.

Suitably the example of the geometry of heat carrier is shown in Figure 15 A to 15E.

Heat carrier 21 such as can be configured to tubular rope as shown in Figure 15 A.Here, lead Hot body 21 is preferably made up of steel mesh.During being configured to the work of heat carrier 21 of tubular rope 65 form, First it is the salt fusing within heat carrier 21, thus, is internally formed passage, fused salt at heat carrier 21 Described passage can be flowed through.Salt around heat carrier 21, fusing can be by forming tubular rope 65 Net in opening flow into inner passage 67.

Replacement as the tubular rope 65 as shown in Figure 15 A, it is also possible to heat carrier 21 is configured to The form of pipe 69.Arranging perforation for pipe the most also advantageously, fused salt can be by described Perforation flows into the inside of pipe.Here, the working method of heat carrier 21 shown in Figure 15 B is the biggest Corresponding to the working method of the heat carrier 21 shown in Figure 15 A in degree.

The heat carrier with star cross section is shown in figure 15 c.This star cross section has the recessed of V-arrangement Portion 71.When heat carrier 21 works, first salt start to melt in the recess 71 of V-arrangement, thus Forming passage respectively in the recess 71 of V-arrangement, fused salt can be by described channel flow.

In addition to the embodiment for five-pointed star shown in Figure 15 C, it is also possible to there is any other The V-arrangement recess of number and relevant angle.In addition to the recess of V-arrangement, it is also possible to the most such as set Put U-shaped recess.

Being configured to the heat carrier of bar 73 shown in Figure 15 D, wherein, bar 73 is by net 75, preferably lead The gauze encapsulating of electricity.When as shown in Figure 15 D, the heat carrier of structure works, first exist Net 75 is formed the passage that fused salt can flow through.Subsequently form the passage around heat carrier 21.

Embodiment shown in Figure 15 A to 15D is respectively necessary for by not flowed through the fused salt of pipeline 5 The heat carrier that the material of corrosion is made.Here, described material for example, high-grade steel, such as St 1.4571 Or St 1.4301.

But, high-grade steel has poor electric conductivity compared with such as copper or aluminum, but copper or aluminum are usual Easily corrode in the salt used.Lead in order to use to make than the high-grade steel more preferable material of conduction Hot body, such as can arrange as shown in Figure 15 E by the material with extraordinary electric conductivity, The core 77 that such as copper or aluminum are made, described core is encapsulated by corrosion resistant layer 79.Here, it is corrosion resistant Layer 79 such as can also be for the corrosion resistant pipe being connected well with core 77 heat conduction.This structure carries Supply to make the heat carrier of inside entirely without the selection that works in pipeline of electric insulation measure ground.

Have the heat carrier of the cross-sectional geometry as shown in Figure 15 A to 15E can be flexible or The conductor of person's rigidity.If heat carrier 21 is configured to the conductor of rigidity, the most advantageously, expansion is set Region 81 is to compensate the length change produced due to temperature fluctuation.There is the rigidity of expansion area 81 Heat carrier exemplarily figure 16 illustrates.Here, expansion area 81 is configured to waveform.Except Beyond the shape of shown here waveform, any other geometry being capable of length compensation is the suitableeest Shape together in expansion area.

The heat carrier being kept by elastic distance piece in pipeline shown in Figure 17 to 19.

Elastic distance piece 59 is arranged the most across.But, alternatively and it is possible that such as Three elastic distance pieces 59, in this case, elastic one in distance piece 59 are only set Preferably it is vertically oriented.Here, the elastic distance piece being vertically oriented can be disposed in heat carrier Below 21 or above heat carrier 21.

For elastic distance piece 59 is fixed on heat carrier 21 the possible mode of one at Figure 18 Shown in.In order to fixing, such as, can use the distance piece 59 of set 83 clamping elasticity.To this end, set On 83 ends 85 being pulled to heat carrier 21 and elastic distance piece 59.Can also such as pass through will It is fixing that set 83 is welded on heat carrier 21 to carry out to add.

The end 87 deviating from heat carrier of elastic distance piece 59 preferably curves leg 89.Here, Foot 89 is such as it is so structured that the form of ring.Elastic distance piece 59 is supported in by leg 89 On the wall of pipeline.This figure 19 illustrates.Such as the elastic distance piece shown in Figure 17 to 19 The use of 59 is for the previously given height being maintained in pipeline 5 by heat carrier 21.Between Dan Xing Spacing body 59 is only compressed against on the wall of pipeline 5 with its corresponding leg 89 by its elastic pressure and makes The distance piece 59 that can make elasticity moves in pipeline 5 with the flowing of fused salt.Accordingly, it is preferred that Be, as shown in Figure 13, with uniform spacing preferably in each receptor at least provided with the most such as The keeper for heat carrier 21 illustrated in figures 7 and 8.

Only by leg 89 is pressed against the distance piece 59 of positioning elastic on the wall of pipeline 5 have as Under advantage: heat carrier 21 can be in case of need by simply together with elastic distance piece 59 Pull out from pipeline 5.This is required in the case of such as needing repairing.

In addition to the leg shown in Figure 19, it is also possible to allow to be maintained at pipeline 5 with any other In the end 87 deviating from heat carrier of the elastic distance piece 59 of formal construction.

In addition it is also possible to keep this not only by the elastic distance piece 59 thrust in pipeline 5 Elastic distance piece, and can such as pass through to screw the distance piece 59 by elastic and be releasably fixed at In pipeline, or such as by welding, elastic distance piece 59 can be non-releasably fixed on pipeline In.

Figure 20 illustrates and include by welding interconnective pipe section 53, such as solar energy ring The long pipe runs 5 of the receptor on road.If heat carrier 21 is not with respect to the pipe section 53 being welded to each other String electric insulation and apply voltage, electric current I_aFlow through string and the electric current I of pipe section 53_iFlow through Inner conductor, current intensity I_i/I_aResistance that ratio is pipeline 5 relative to the resistance of heat carrier 21 Ratio.Corresponding to described ratio, on pipeline 5 and on heat carrier 21, produce heat.By selecting The cross section of heat carrier 21 and the selection extraordinary material of conduction, such as copper or aluminum, it is possible to make heat carrier The degree that the resistance of 21 is following, i.e. makes the electric current being introduced in heat carrier 21 sufficiently strong, And thermal output concentrates on heat carrier 21.

In arrangement shown here, on whole pipeline 5 between heat carrier 21 and pipeline 5 It is formed without electric potential difference.Pipeline 5 should relative to the equipment frame electricity of the most unshowned carrying pipeline 5 absolutely Edge.

In the case of on-insulated inside heat carrier, will be able to lead simply by the clamping device that is spirally connected Hot body 21 introduces space in pipe.

Figure 21 illustrates heat carrier that be configured to rope, that there is the sleeve pipe through closure flange.

In embodiment shown here, heat carrier 21 uses the form of rope 91.Here, rope 91 It is twisted into by stranded wire 93.

Here, rope such as can be by three strands of twisted wires, make as shown in Figure 21, or can also Make by one or two or more than three strands of twisted wires.

In order to by be configured to restrict 91 heat carrier 21 be fixed in the end pieces of pipe section 47, rope 91 are connected with round bar 95.Rope 91 such as pass through with the connection of round bar 95 to weld or alternatively by Screw or clamping carry out.In the case of clamping connection, round bar 95 is clamped to restrict on 91.? In shown here embodiment, rope 91 is connected with round bar 95 by weld part 97.

Round bar 95 is conducted through closure flange 101 through filling set sleeve pipe 99, and pipe section 53 is led to Cross this closure flange to be closed.In order to fix round bar 95, fill set sleeve pipe 99 and include sealing 103. This sealing is fixed by chuck 105.

Round bar 95 can apply voltage, with to be configured to restrict 91 heat carrier 21 be provided with voltage.

The different cross section of the heat carrier of rope it is configured to shown in Figure 22 A to 22C.

Here, the rope 91 shown in Figure 22 A to 22C is made up of three strands of twisted wires 93 respectively.

In Figure 22 A, twisted wire 93 has solid configuration.Formed between each single twisted wire Wedgy passage 107, when melting, the salt of fusing can be flowed away by described wedgy passage again.

In embodiment shown in Figure 22 B, twisted wire 93 is configured to the pipe being driven plain.Pass through Flatten and form wedgy passage 107 bigger compared with the embodiment shown in Figure 22 A.At Figure 22 C Shown in embodiment in obtain the biggest wedgy passage 107, wherein, be twisted into each of rope 91 Twisted wire 93 has kidney shaped.

For making the alternate embodiments of end segments that heat carrier extends through pipeline figure 23 illustrates.

In order to be manufactured sealing by traditional material, particularly be made sealing ring by conventional polymeric materials, It is necessary that realization is along heat carrier and the thermograde of round bar.By make pipeline 5 by round bar 95 Insulate goodly and regulate this thermograde in the end passed.Additionally, the sleeve pipe of heat carrier 21 The internal heat insulation formation contributing to described gradient.Inside is heat insulation such as can such as have height by using The ceramic fibre of the thermostability reaching 580 DEG C realizes.The filling of corresponding use ceramic fibre is with accompanying drawing Labelling 109 indicates.

Round bar 95 be first made up of the material of electric insulation heatproof, such as pottery or carborundum the A set of encapsulating.First set 111 preferably has up to the temperature tolerance of 580 DEG C.

First set 111 connects with the second set 113.Second set 113 is also formed of an electrically insulating material, but It is that this electrically insulating material can have relatively low temperature tolerance.The temperature tolerance of such as up to 260 DEG C i.e. foot Enough.Such as high temperature plastics such as PTFE is used as making the material of the second set 113.

Second set 113 then connects with filling set sleeve pipe 99.To this end, fill set sleeve pipe 99 at pipeline End is fixed on flange 115.

The round bar 95 used preferably comprises the material with satisfactory electrical conductivity.Here, round bar can be complete Complete made by the material with satisfactory electrical conductivity or be alternatively provided with the core of well conducting, this core by The best material such as ladle that conducts electricity seals.Such as copper or aluminum are suitable as having good conductive The material of property.It is particularly preferred that use the round bar 95 with copper core.

Figure 24 illustrates heat carrier to extend in moveable pipe connection.

In addition to the flowing as shown in Figure 10 and 11 turns to, alternatively and it is possible that be Flowing turns to and such as arranges moveable pipe connection.Here, pipe turn of bilge 117 is by flexible material Make.To this end, pipe turn of bilge such as can be configured with waveform or zigzag wall, to obtain Obtain necessary flexibility.

In order to make the salt of solidification in pipe turn of bilge 117 melt again, it is necessary to make heat carrier 21 curved at pipe Portion 117 extends.In order to avoid heat carrier contacts with the wall generation of pipe turn of bilge 117, heat carrier 21 Such as it is fixed in pipeline by such as distance piece 59 shown in Figure 17 and 18, elastic.Respectively The spacing of elastic distance piece 59 is chosen as so that though heat conduction in the case of pipe connection bends Body 21 does not contacts with tube wall.

In addition to turning in solar energy loop ends, the most movably Guan Lian Connection device such as may also be included in that between each solar receiver so that pipeline be respectively at court Adaptive to the receptor of the optimal location of the sun.

If turned to 90 °, the most as shown in Figure 24 except flexible pipe turn of bilge also sets up , by heat carrier pipe section 47 from such as closure flange shown in Figure 21 and 23 Draw pipeline, and make in end heat carrier conductively connected with outside wiring 119.With 90 ° The pipe section 121 rotated also terminates in closure member 49, and this closure member for example, closure flange is led Hot body 21 extends through this closure member, then extends through moveable pipe connection.

Except turn to moveable pipeline section in addition to, also generally in pipeline, comprise accessory such as valve.Valve Cross section be exemplarily illustrated in Figure 25 and 26 with the heat carrier being disposed therein.

The cross section that Figure 25 illustrates valve 123 and the heat carrier 21 being disposed therein, Figure 26 is to overlook diagram Go out the cutting plane of valve in Figure 25.

Valve generally includes the valve body 125 with valve seat 127 and closing element 129.In order to make The salt fusing of the solidification within valve, heat carrier 21 extends circlewise along valve seat 127.It means that Heat carrier constitutes heating ring 131.Here, heating ring 131 to be located so that the closedown merit of valve 123 Can be unaffected.Additionally, when heat carrier 21 is with voltage, should avoid in heating ring 131 and closedown unit Directly contact is formed between part 129.For this reason, it is advantageous to arrange on valve seat 127 Electric insulation arrangement 133.In this case, electric insulation arrangement 133 preferably comprises valve seat 127.In order to Short circuit current is avoided to flow to valve body 125 from heat carrier 21 or heating ring 131, it is also advantageous in this regard that to make Heating ring 131 and heat carrier 21 are also relative to valve body 125 electric insulation.To this end, such as by electric insulation material What material, such as pottery were installed in valve body 125 is positioned at heating ring 131 against in the region of valve body 125. Here, it is it is essential that next relative to the accessory occurred with the form of valve for the material of electric insulation arrangement Say it is heat-staple.

In addition to the embodiment shown in Figure 25 and 26 of valve, similarly it is also possible that Such as the heat carrier 21 of heating ring 131 form or other geometric configurations is at such as clack valve or guiding valve Other accessories extend.

Example

Example 1

Use and be configured to the heat carrier 21 of senior steel pole to heat the pipeline of 200m length.This heat carrier has There is the diameter of 25mm.Here, this heat carrier is made up of high-grade steel St 1.4301.

The resistivity of heat carrier 21 is 0.00073 Ω/mm under the operating temperature of 290 DEG C.For adding The necessary specific power of heat is 100W/m.It is 77.3V and electric current to heat applied voltage Intensity is 259A.Due to the length of 200 meters, required power is 20kW.But, this power It is only necessary in the shortest fusing time.

If using higher voltage to heat, then can select less heat carrier sectional area.Example As reduced, by the pulse operation that thyristor is connected, the thermal power that mutual conductance hot body is declined.

When heat carrier being fixed in pipeline 5 by the heat carrier keeper of electrically non-insulative, wherein, Heat carrier keeper is such as configured with the spring of 1.5mm diameter, and on the one hand parasite current passes through On the other hand heat carrier keeper is formed on tube wall by the fused salt of conduction.Produced parasite current The most exemplarily enumerate.

Form: parasite current

Compared with the current intensity in heat carrier much smaller, by heat carrier keeper and outer tube and Show via the current intensity of fused salt: though have being conductively connected and pass through heat carrier keeper and via The parasite current of fused salt, it is also possible to produce sufficiently large heating power in heat carrier, to melt heat conduction Salt around body 21, thus, forms the passage around heat carrier 21, and fused salt can be by this passage Flowing, increases produced pressure with balance/compensation due to the volume that salt fusing causes.

Example 2

The pipeline being made up of high-grade steel 1.4541 has 1.7m/ (Ω 〃 mm²) electrical conductivity and 65mm Interior diameter and the wall thickness of 2mm.The sectional area of pipeline is 421mm².The electrical conductivity of pipe is 716 m/Ω.If formed on the inner conductor that the heat of 90% is in pipeline, it is necessary to make inner conductor receive 10 The magnitude of current again.To this end, this inner conductor needs the electrical conductivity with 7.157m/ Ω.Copper is at 20 DEG C At a temperature of there is 56.2m/ (Ω 〃 mm²) electrical conductivity.Thus, be made of copper interior is calculated Sectional area needed for portion's conductor is 127mm².This corresponding to have 12.7mm diameter copper cash or Three copper cash being respectively provided with 7.4mm diameter of person.If using inner conductor made of aluminum, then For identical electrical conductivity, inner conductor needs the diameter with 15.8mm.

Owing to inner conductor has much smaller quality and the most much smaller heat relative to pipeline Holding, the less diameter of inner conductor i.e. be enough to realize it and preferably heats.Be usually enough to is will very To less than total current 50% electric current guide inner conductor into.This makes it possible to be configured to inner conductor Have little diameter and only use less expensive, can the material of good conductive, such as copper.? In the case of DN65 pipe-line system, such as, can be sufficient that, heat carrier is respectively provided with 5 by three The copper cash of mm diameter is constituted.Here, copper cash is preferably twisted into rope.

It should be noted that when temperature raises, the electric conductivity of copper is more fast than the electric conductivity of high-grade steel Decline fastly.But, this relative drop is attended the meeting the most greatly and is disturbed the expection heating of inner conductor.Here, It is contemplated that, it is not necessary to the fusing point that inner conductor is heated to above heat-carrying salt is a lot.

St 1.4541 as standard pipe materials'use has electric conductivity low for steel.But, This is it can be beneficial that fully or partly had the senior steel of lower conductivity by other The absorption tube of each receptor in one-tenth piping material, such as solar energy loop.This steel for example, St 1.4301.But, also must be considered that at this and the corrosion compatibility of the heat-carrying agent used.

Kind according to fused salt, it may be necessary to that avoids for the copper of heat carrier or aluminum and fused salt is direct Contact, to avoid the stability corroding or not damaging salt on heat carrier.The material of heat carrier is such as Copper or aluminum such as can so solve with the possible incompatibility of the salt used as heat-carrying agent, That is, each litz construction of heat carrier has the senior steel bushing of outside.

Alternatively and it is possible that inner conductor is fixed on the wall of pipeline as closely as possible.Logical Cross the material selecting that there is high conductivity, electric current can be made to focus on via pipeline on this wall the most suitable Region on, on the upper area of such as pipeline.But, this structure and the heat carrier being in inside Compare flexible and thermal characteristics is poor.

List of reference signs

1 solar battery array 75 net

3 solar energy loop 77 cores

The 5 corrosion resistant pipes of pipeline 79

7 glass tubing 81 expansion area

9 catchers 83 overlap

11 heat-carrying agents go out the end of head piece 85 elastic partition member 59

13 heat-carrying agent input ports 87 deviate from the end of heat carrier

15 allotter 89 legs

17 bubbles of vacuum 91 are restricted

Salt 93 twisted wire of 19 solidifications

20 cystose region 95 round bars

21 heat carrier 97 weld parts

Set sleeve pipe filled by 23 main electric supply installations 99

25 supply lines 101 closure flanges

27 transformator 103 sealings

29 ring 105 chucks

31 sweep 107 wedgy passages

33 insulation sleeve 109 ceramic fibres

35 widening portion 111 first sets

37 circle 113 second sets

39 hook 115 flanges

41 set 117 pipe turn of bilges

Wiring outside 43 passages 119

45 pipe turn of bilges 121 rotate the pipe section of 90 °

47 pipe section 122 take-up devices

49 closure member 123 valves

51 section 125 valve bodies

53 pipe section 127 valve seats

55 insulator 129 closing elements

The compensator 131 of 57 machineries heats ring

59 elastic partition member 133 electric insulation arrangements

61 parasite currents

63 through the electric current of fused salt

65 tubular ropes

Passage within 67

The pipe of 69 perforation

The recess of 71V shape

73 bars

Claims (21)

1., for carrying a pipeline for fused salt, described pipeline has relative to existing temperature stabilization Tube wall, be extended with in the inside of described pipeline (5) for heating heat carrier (21), wherein, Described heat carrier (21) is configured with the form of the passage of arbitrary section, in the wall of described passage It is formed with opening, or described heat carrier (21) is configured to the yarn fabric of annular, or described heat conduction Body (21) has the recess (71) of at least one U-shaped extended in the axial direction or V-arrangement.

Pipeline the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described heat carrier (21) does not pastes Lean against on the inwall of described pipeline (5).

Pipeline the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described heat carrier (21) is by partially Heart is arranged in described pipeline (5), in the pipeline section extended with the ruling grade of 45 °, and heat conduction Body (21) distance in a downward direction is more than distance in the upward direction.

Pipeline the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that if described pipeline (5) has The gradient more than 45 °, the most described heat carrier (21) is arranged concentrically in described pipeline (5).

Pipeline the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described heat carrier (21) passes The ring (29) being positioned in the pipeline (5) that fused salt flows through it extends.

Pipeline the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that on described heat carrier (21) Being provided with insulator (33), described heat carrier (21) is fixed on by described insulator (33) In described ring (29).

Pipeline the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described heat carrier (21) passes through It is internal that elastic partition member is fixed on described pipeline (5).

Pipeline the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that on described heat carrier (21) Being provided with circle (37), described circle is hung up in fixation hook (39), with by described heat carrier (21) It is fixed in described pipeline (5).

Pipeline the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described pipeline (5) includes fused salt Through its inner tube flowed.

Pipeline the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described heat carrier (21) is divided Becoming multiple heat carrier section, wherein, the plurality of heat carrier section is connected by low resistance.

11. pipelines according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described pipeline (5) is divided into Independent section (51).

12. pipelines according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described heat carrier (21) is divided Multiple heat carrier section, the plurality of heat carrier section is become to be connected by low resistance；Described pipeline (5) Being divided into independent section (51), the length of described heat carrier section is equivalent to described pipeline (5) The length of one or more sections (51).

13. pipelines according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described pipeline (5) is parabolic Pipeline in the solar battery array (1) of face groove type solar generating equipment.

14. pipelines according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the pipe turn of bilge turned to for flowing (45) pipe section (47) of the direction continuation along pipeline (5), wherein, described pipeline it are respectively provided with Section (47) is closed by closure member (49), and described heat carrier (21) passes described pipe section (47) Closure member (49) extend.

15. pipelines according to claim 14, it is characterised in that described pipe section (47) Described closure member (49) be configured to closure flange.

16. pipelines according to claim 1, it is characterised in that for described heat carrier (21) Surfacing select from the high-grade steel that nitrate resisting corrodes.

17. pipelines according to claim 1, described heat carrier (21) in the way of on-insulated Described pipeline extends.

18. pipelines according to claim 17, it is characterised in that described heat carrier (21) by Multiple pipes being filled with the material with satisfactory electrical conductivity are made.

19. pipelines according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described heat carrier (21) structure Make the form of pipe (69) for having arbitrary section.

20. pipelines according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described heat carrier (21) structure Make the knitted fabric (65) for annular.

21. fused salts comprising sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate as the heat-carrying agent in solar power plant Purposes, wherein, the ratio of sodium nitrate is by weight at least 60%, described solar power plant Including at least one pipeline according to claim 1.