CN103686470A - Optical signal distribution device - Google Patents
Optical signal distribution device Download PDFInfo
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- CN103686470A CN103686470A CN201210359120.1A CN201210359120A CN103686470A CN 103686470 A CN103686470 A CN 103686470A CN 201210359120 A CN201210359120 A CN 201210359120A CN 103686470 A CN103686470 A CN 103686470A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
- H04Q11/0067—Provisions for optical access or distribution networks, e.g. Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network (GE-PON), ATM-based Passive Optical Network (A-PON), PON-Ring
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
- H04Q2011/0007—Construction
- H04Q2011/0015—Construction using splitting combining
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
- H04Q2011/0037—Operation
- H04Q2011/0039—Electrical control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
- H04Q2011/0037—Operation
- H04Q2011/0047—Broadcast; Multicast
Abstract
The invention relates to an optical signal distribution device. In one embodiment, the optical distribution device (10) comprises a first 1*2 electro-optical switch (20a), a second 1*2 electro-optical switch (20b), a third 1*2 electro-optical switch (20c) and a controller (30). The first 1*2 electro-optical switch (20a) is suitable for receiving a first voltage control signal. An input port of the second 1*2 electro-optical switch (20b) is coupled with a first output port of a first switch, and the second 1*2 electro-optical switch (20b) is suitable for receiving a second voltage control signal. The input port of the third 1*2 electro-optical switch (20c) is coupled with a second output port of the first switch, and the third 1*2 electro-optical switch (20c) is suitable for receiving a third voltage control signal. The controller (30) is configured to be in accordance with expected output of a second switch and a third switch so that the first voltage control signal, the second voltage control signal and the third voltage control signal are generated. The controller can select arbitrary combination of the output of the second switch and the third switch so that business requirements of an optical access network can be flexibly adapted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to photoelectron technology, more specifically, relates to light signal distributor.
Background technology
At present, gigabit passive optical network (Gigabit Passive Optical Network, GPON) and Ethernet passive optical network (Ethernet Passive Optical Network, EPON) are widely used.Owing to arriving PC, Internet video to business such as TV, IPTV, point to point service, PTP for the ever-increasing requirement of bandwidth such as Internet video, GPON and EPON are faced with serious problem.The EPON of 10 gigabit/sec (XGPON) is considered the strong and efficient technology of cost of the capacity of passive optical network.Multiple framework is regarded as the candidate scheme of next-generation passive optical network, comprises time division multiplexing EPON (TDM-PON), Wave division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON), code division multiplexing EPON (CDMA-PON) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing passive optical network (OFDM-PON).Time division multiplexing EPON and Wave division multiplexing passive optical network are the schemes of two kinds of competitions.Wave division multiplexing passive optical network is a kind of promising means of upgrading power system capacity, yet, the demand of non-colored light network element (Optical Network Unit, ONU) is needed to extra cost, and also very complicated for the management of such wavelength division multiplexing wavelength.Time division multiplexing EPON is favourable from the angle of service application, and EPON is before by being improved not having wavelength-division multiplex technique to increase time division multiplexing downstream bits speed under helping.By use wavelength stacking compared with the time division multiplexing EPON of low bit speed rate, the capacity of passive optical network can be promoted easily.
Yet all aforementioned techniques are the concept based on passive access network network all, ignored the impact of network control for multi-plexing light accessing system.Along with the upgrading of EPON capacity and the increase of number of users, the key that effective utilization of bandwidth and safety problem become next-generation passive optical network.Yet the two realization all depends on the progress of phototonus equipment very much.Some researcher proposes in EPON, to adopt optical switch construction to replace optical splitter.Due to sourceless characteristic, passive optical network lacks some basic function of traditional electrical access network, for example descending clean culture (unicast) and multicast (multicast) function.Therefore, Optical Access Network needs the support of strong phototonus equipment.
Someone proposes by adopting electrooptical switching to replace passive optical splitters so that clean culture time division multiplexing downstream data flow to be provided in Optical Access Network.Although whole system has been no longer passive, still eliminated security threat.Along with the development of photoelectric cell, the progress of optoelectronic IC especially, the power consumption of electrooptical switching can significantly reduce, and has the Optical Access Network of this kind equipment also referred to as accurate EPON.
Although electrooptical switching is an ancient research theme in optical device field, this class device is mainly used in core optical network or emphasizes the network of exchange (switch) function, because too expensive.According to the inventors knowledge, the application scheme that seldom has Optical Access Network.From the angle of research, several motions of electrooptical switching have been demonstrated.
Lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) can be used to build clean culture TDM-PON, and switching time can be in several nanoseconds.Yet high cost has limited its application in Access Network field.
Summary of the invention
A main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of light signal distributor to realize a road input optical signal to the distribution more than two-way output.
According to one embodiment of present invention, provide a kind of smooth distributor, having comprised: the one 1 * 2 electrooptical switching, has been suitable for receiving the first voltage control signal; The 21 * 2 electrooptical switching, its input port is coupled to the first output port of described the first switch, is suitable for receiving second voltage control signal; The 31 * 2 electrooptical switching, its input port is coupled to the second output port of described the first switch, is suitable for receiving tertiary voltage control signal; And controller, be configured to produce described the first voltage control signal, second voltage control signal, tertiary voltage control signal according to the desired output of described second switch and the 3rd switch.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the controller of light distributor can be selected the combination in any of the output of described second switch and the 3rd switch.Therefore, this light distributor can adapt to the miscellaneous service demand of Optical Access Network, for example clean culture, broadcast and multicast neatly.Alternatively, the controller of light distributor can be selected the part combination of the output of second switch and the 3rd switch, for example combination of clean culture and broadcast.Alternatively, the controller of light distributor only can be realized a certain combination of the output of second switch and the 3rd switch.
According to one embodiment of present invention, light distributor is formed on single silicon chip.In another embodiment, first, second, third switch in light distributor is formed on same silicon chip, and controller adopts independent Programmable Logic Device to realize.
According to one embodiment of present invention, 1 * 2 electrooptical switching of first, second, third in light distributor is Mach-Zehnder interferometer electrooptical switching.
According to one embodiment of present invention, 1 * 2 electrooptical switching of first, second, third in light distributor comprises respectively: the first coupler, comprises two outputs; Three electrodes parallel to each other, are suitable for receiving one of described first, second, third voltage control signal; Be coupled to respectively two outputs of described the first coupler and be sandwiched in the first arm and the second arm between described three electrodes; Be coupled in the second coupler of described the first arm and the second arm.
According to one embodiment of present invention, first, second, third voltage control signal in light distributor is configured to and the light signal synchronised that is carried to second switch and the 3rd switch from the first switch.Based on time-multiplexed Optical Access Network, be therefore achieved.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the controller in light distributor is suitable for receiving the control signal from optical line terminal (OLT).These optical line terminals receive respectively a certain road output of light distributor, can carry out requirement or cancel light signal access by sending (electricity) control signal.The control signal of the OLT that light distributor can connect according to its down link is determined the desired output of described second switch and the 3rd switch.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the controller in light distributor comprises: input terminal and first, second, third lead-out terminal, and described the first lead-out terminal is coupled to described input terminal; Phase shifter, its input is coupled to described input terminal; The first inverter, its input is coupled to the output of described phase shifter; First with door, its input is coupled to respectively output and the described input terminal of described the first inverter, described the second lead-out terminal is coupled in its output; The second inverter, its input is coupled to described input terminal; Second with door, its input is coupled to respectively the output of described phase shifter and the output of described the second inverter, described the 3rd lead-out terminal is coupled in its output.
Technical characterictic of the present invention and advantage have more than been summarized so that the detailed description below the present invention is easier to understand.Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described below, and it has formed the theme of claim of the present invention.Those skilled in the art will be understood that disclosed concept and embodiment can easily be used as revising or design other for realizing the basis of structure or the flow process of the object identical with the present invention.Those skilled in the art should also be understood that such equivalent constructions does not deviate from the spirit and scope of appended claims.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By reference to the accompanying drawings, the detailed description about the preferred embodiments of the present invention below will be easier to understand.The present invention is explained by way of example, is not limited to accompanying drawing, and in accompanying drawing, similarly Reference numeral is indicated similar element.
Fig. 1 shows the structured flowchart of smooth distributor 10 according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 shows the structure chart of 1 * 2 electrooptical switching in smooth distributor according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 shows the part-structure schematic diagram of the controller in smooth distributor according to an embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
The detailed description of accompanying drawing is intended to the explanation as currently preferred embodiment of the present invention, but not is intended to represent that the present invention can be achieved only form.It should be understood that function identical or that be equal to can be completed by the different embodiment that are intended to be contained within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows the structured flowchart of smooth distributor 10 according to an embodiment of the invention.As shown in the figure, light distributor 10 comprises: the one 1 * 2 electrooptical switching 20a, the 21 * 2 electrooptical switching 20b, the 31 * 2 electrooptical switching 20c and controller 30.Wherein, the input port of second switch 20b and the 3rd switch 20c is coupled to respectively an output port of the first switch 20a.First, second, third switch 20a, 20b, 20c are suitable for respectively receiving first, second, third voltage control signal.Controller 30 is configured to produce described the first voltage control signal, second voltage control signal, tertiary voltage control signal according to the desired output of second switch 20b and the 3rd switch 20c, to control the output that produces expectation, thereby realized light distributor 10Cong mono-tunnel, be input to the distribution that export on four tunnels.First, second, third voltage control signal is here respectively used to control 1 * 2 electrooptical switching, and it is not limited to a voltage signal, also can comprise that a plurality of voltage signals are to be applied on a plurality of terminals of 1 * 2 electrooptical switching simultaneously.
The size of device is larger, and light path is also larger, and random phase offset and delay variation are difficult to calculate all the more and control, and the synchronous and time division multiplexing of control signal is difficult to all the more realization.For use size, at the situation of 10 centimetres of even higher discrete devices or the coupling light path between switch, surpass the situation of 10 centimetres, because differ the randomness of drift and delay variation, synchronously being difficult to of control signal obtained, thereby cannot realize actually time division multiplexing.
Preferably, light distributor 10 is formed on single silicon chip, or at least its first, second, third switch 20a, 20b, 20c are formed on single silicon chip.First, second, third switch 20a, 20b, 20c are formed on single silicon chip, its size separately can be controlled at the even some microns of some millimeters, the shake of light path is negligible, and the optical path difference between switch is consistent for the light distributor of same size, therefore control signal can obtain synchronously, thereby realizes actually time division multiplexing.And the device performance of the light distributor of same size is consistent, random performance difference can be lowered to acceptable scope, thereby can apply on a large scale.And relatively cheap cost is also convenient to this popularization of light distributor in Optical Access Network.
Alternatively, the controller 30 of light distributor 10 can be selected the combination in any of the output of second switch 20b and the 3rd switch 20c.Therefore, this light distributor can adapt to the miscellaneous service demand of Optical Access Network, for example clean culture, broadcast and multicast neatly.Alternatively, the controller 30 of light distributor 10 can be selected the part combination of the output of second switch 20b and the 3rd switch 20c, for example combination of clean culture and broadcast.Alternatively, the controller 30 of light distributor 10 only can be realized a certain combination of the output of second switch 20b and the 3rd switch 20c.Controller 30 can be integrated on same silicon chip with first, second, third switch 20a, 20b, 20c, or can adopt independent Programmable Logic Device to realize controller 30.
First, second, third voltage control signal in light distributor 10 is configured to and from the first switch 20a, is carried to the light signal synchronised of second switch 20b and the 3rd switch 20c.Particularly, the product of the timing slip between the first voltage control signal and second voltage control signal and the light velocity equals the light path between the first switch 20a and second switch 20b; Timing slip between the first voltage control signal and tertiary voltage control signal and the product of the light velocity equal the light path between the first switch 20a and the 3rd switch 20c.Like this, voltage control signal apply the propagation synchronised with light signal, thereby between second switch 20b and the 3rd switch 20c tetra-tunnels outputs, can realize time division multiplexing.
According to one embodiment of present invention, 1 * 2 electrooptical switching of first, second, third in light distributor 10 is Mach-Zehnder interferometer electrooptical switching.Fig. 2 shows a kind of concrete structure of MZ interferometer electrooptical switching.MZ interferometer switch 20 (20a, 20b, 20c) comprising: the first coupler 21, first, second, third electrode 23a, 23b, 23c, be coupled to respectively the first arm 25a and the second arm 25b of two outputs of the first coupler 21, be coupled to respectively the second coupler 27 of the first arm 25a and the second arm 25b.
The first coupler 21 and the second coupler 27 are 3dB, and wherein the first coupler 21 is Y type.The light signal entering from input is divided into two book bundles by the light intensity ratio according to 1:1, enters respectively the first arm 25a and the second arm 25b carries out phase-modulation.The second electrode 23b ground connection, the first electrode 23a and connect respectively+V of third electrode 23c
0,-V
0direct voltage, by changing V
0, the first arm 25a in electric field and the refractive index of the second arm 25b will change, thereby cause that the phase difference between the first arm 25a and the output optical signal of the second arm 25b changes, and finally cause the light intensity of two-way output to change.Here+V
0,-V
0direct voltage is corresponding to one of previously described first, second, third voltage control signal.Ignore loss, the normalization light intensity of two-way output is respectively
v wherein
πfor half-wave voltage, represent to make the output optical signal phase difference of the first arm 25a and the second arm 25b reach the required voltage applying of π.
If the structure of first, second, third switch is identical, half-wave voltage is V
π, first, second, third voltage control signal is expressed as V
a, V
b, V
c, the normalization light intensity of second switch and the output of the 3rd switch Si road can be expressed as:
Work as V
a=V
b=V
c=V
π/ 2, T
1=T
2=T
3=T
4=1/4, thus can realize broadcast capability.
The voltage control signal configuration of unicast feature is as follows:
Work as V
a=V
b=V
π, T
1=1, T
2=T
3=T
4=0, realize the clean culture of the first output;
Work as V
a=V
π, V
b=0, T
2=1, T
1=T
3=T
4=0, realize the clean culture of the second output;
Work as V
a=0, V
c=V
π, T
3=1, T
1=T
2=T
4=0, realize the clean culture of the 3rd output;
Work as V
a=V
c=0, T
4=1, T
1=T
2=T
3=0, realize the clean culture of the 4th output.
Table 1 below and table 2 have provided the voltage control signal configuration of multicast service.
The voltage control signal configuration that two-way in table 1 four tunnel outputs is strobed
| V A | V B | V C | T 1 | T 2 | T 3 | T 4 |
| V π | V π/2 | —— | Open | Open | Close | Close |
| V π/2 | V π | V π | Open | Close | Open | Close |
| V π/2 | V π | 0 | Open | Close | Close | Open |
| V π/2 | 0 | V π | Close | Open | Open | Close |
| V π/2 | 0 | 0 | Close | Open | Close | Open |
| 0 | —— | V π/2 | Close | Close | Open | Open |
The voltage control signal configuration that table 2 four output Zhong tri-tunnels, tunnel are strobed
| V A | V B | V C | T 1 | T 2 | T 3 | T 4 |
| V π/2 | V π/2 | V π | Open | Open | Open | Close |
| V π/2 | V π | V π/2 | Open | Close | Open | Open |
| V π/2 | V π/2 | 0 | Open | Open | Close | Open |
| V π/2 | 0 | V π/2 | Close | Open | Open | Open |
The output of light distributor 10 is coupled to respectively the optical line terminal (OLT) of down link.These optical line terminals receive respectively a certain road output of light distributor 10, and can carry out requirement or cancel light signal access by sending (electricity) control signal.The controller 30 of light distributor 10 is suitable for receiving the control signal that OLT that its down link connects sends, and can carry out accordingly to determine the desired output of described second switch 20b and the 3rd switch 20c.The desired output of second switch 20b and the 3rd switch 20c can be corresponding to any one combination in previously described clean culture, broadcast and multicast.
When adopting erasable programmable logical circuit to realize controller 30, can change its control logic according to service needed, with realize light access service increase, delete and revise.Alternatively, the controller 30 of light distributor 10 can be selected the combination in any of the output of second switch 20b and the 3rd switch 20c.Therefore, this light distributor can adapt to the miscellaneous service demand of Optical Access Network, for example clean culture, broadcast and multicast neatly.Alternatively, the controller 30 of light distributor 10 can be selected the part combination of the output of second switch 20b and the 3rd switch 20c, for example combination of clean culture and broadcast.Alternatively, the controller 30 of light distributor 10 only can be realized a certain combination of the output of second switch 20b and the 3rd switch 20c.
Fig. 3 shows the part-structure schematic diagram of the controller in smooth distributor according to an embodiment of the invention.As shown in the figure, the controller 30 in this embodiment comprises: input terminal 31, first, second, third lead- out terminal 32a, 32b, 32c, and phase shifter 33, the first inverter 34, the second inverters 35, the first and door 36, and second and 37.
The first lead-out terminal 32a is coupled to input terminal 31, to export aforementioned the first voltage control signal.The input of phase shifter 33 is coupled to input terminal 31, and input signal is applied to the phase shift of pi/2.The input of the first inverter 34 is coupled to the output of phase shifter 33.First is coupled to respectively output and the input terminal 31 of the first inverter 34 with two inputs of door, and described the second lead-out terminal 32b is coupled in its output, to export aforementioned the first voltage control signal.The input of the second inverter 35 is coupled to input terminal 31.Second is coupled to respectively the output of phase shifter 33 and the output of the second inverter 35 with two inputs of door 37, and the 3rd lead-out terminal 32c is coupled in its output, to export aforementioned tertiary voltage control signal.Control circuit in this embodiment can be realized a kind of unicast service, and when the input signal of input terminal 31 is the square-wave signal of duty ratio 50%, the concrete output signal of light distributor 10 is that four outputs are periodically strobed a time slot successively.
The above embodiments have been described the specific implementation that obtains 1 * 4 light signal distribution function by two-stage 1 * 2 electrooptical switching cascade being controlled.Under this instruction, by the selection to control logic, those skilled in the art should be able to expect also being controlled to obtain the specific implementation of 1 * 8,1 * 16,1 * 32 other light signal distribution function of grade by more multistage 1 * 2 electrooptical switching cascade easily.
Although illustrated and described different embodiments of the invention, the present invention is not limited to these embodiment.The ordinal numbers such as " first " occurring in claim, " second " only play the effect of difference, and and do not mean that and between corresponding component, have any specific order or annexation.The technical characterictic only occurring in some claim or embodiment also and do not mean that and can not combine to realize useful new technical scheme with other features in other claims or embodiment.In the situation that not deviating from as the described the spirit and scope of the present invention of claims, many modifications, change, distortion, to substitute and be equal to be obvious to those skilled in the art.
Claims (8)
1. a light distributor, comprising:
The one 1 * 2 electrooptical switching, is suitable for receiving the first voltage control signal;
The 21 * 2 electrooptical switching, its input port is coupled to the first output port of described the first switch, is suitable for receiving second voltage control signal;
The 31 * 2 electrooptical switching, its input port is coupled to the second output port of described the first switch, is suitable for receiving tertiary voltage control signal;
Controller, is configured to produce described the first voltage control signal, second voltage control signal, tertiary voltage control signal according to the desired output of described second switch and the 3rd switch.
2. device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described controller can be selected the combination in any of the output of described second switch and the 3rd switch.
3. device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described device is formed on single silicon chip.
4. device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described first, second, third 1 * 2 electrooptical switching is Mach-Zehnder interferometer electrooptical switching.
5. device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described first, second, third 1 * 2 electrooptical switching comprises respectively:
The first coupler, comprises two outputs;
Three electrodes parallel to each other, are suitable for receiving one of described first, second, third voltage control signal;
Be coupled to respectively two outputs of described the first coupler and be sandwiched in the first arm and the second arm between described three electrodes;
Be coupled in the second coupler of described the first arm and the second arm.
6. device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described first, second, third voltage control signal is configured to and the light signal synchronised that is carried to second switch and the 3rd switch from the first switch.
7. device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described controller is suitable for receiving the control signal from optical line terminal.
8. device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described controller comprises:
Input terminal (31) and first, second, third lead-out terminal (32a, 32b, 32c), described the first lead-out terminal is coupled to described input terminal;
Phase shifter (33), its input is coupled to described input terminal (31);
The first inverter (34), its input is coupled to the output of described phase shifter (33);
First with door (36), its input is coupled to respectively output and the described input terminal of described the first inverter, described the second lead-out terminal (32b) is coupled in its output;
The second inverter (35), its input is coupled to described input terminal (31);
Second with door (37), its input is coupled to respectively the output of described phase shifter (33) and the output of described the second inverter (35), described the 3rd lead-out terminal (32c) is coupled in its output.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210359120.1A CN103686470B (en) | 2012-09-24 | 2012-09-24 | Optical signal distribution device |
| PCT/IB2013/002215 WO2014045117A1 (en) | 2012-09-24 | 2013-09-09 | Optical signal distribution device |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210359120.1A CN103686470B (en) | 2012-09-24 | 2012-09-24 | Optical signal distribution device |
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101854566A (en) * | 2009-04-02 | 2010-10-06 | 华为技术有限公司 | Passive optical network protection method and active/standby switch device and system |
| CN101868929A (en) * | 2007-09-21 | 2010-10-20 | 诺基亚西门子通信公司 | Failsafe optical splitter and method to isolate faults in a passive optical network |
| CN102082611A (en) * | 2010-11-24 | 2011-06-01 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Device and method for distributing light in passive optical network (PON) |
-
2012
- 2012-09-24 CN CN201210359120.1A patent/CN103686470B/en active Active
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2013
- 2013-09-09 WO PCT/IB2013/002215 patent/WO2014045117A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101868929A (en) * | 2007-09-21 | 2010-10-20 | 诺基亚西门子通信公司 | Failsafe optical splitter and method to isolate faults in a passive optical network |
| CN101854566A (en) * | 2009-04-02 | 2010-10-06 | 华为技术有限公司 | Passive optical network protection method and active/standby switch device and system |
| CN102082611A (en) * | 2010-11-24 | 2011-06-01 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Device and method for distributing light in passive optical network (PON) |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| KUNITAKA ASHIZAWA: "Efficient Singlecast / Multicast Method For", 《IEEE》 * |
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| CN103686470B (en) | 2017-07-18 |
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