CN103676880B - The communication module of CMP integrated control system - Google Patents
The communication module of CMP integrated control system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提出一种CMP集成控制系统的通讯模块,该CMP集成控制系统包括:主工控机、下位机组和二级工控机,该通讯模块用于实现主工控机与下位机组和二级工控机之间的通讯,其包括:OPC访问子模块和TCP/IP访问子模块,且两个子模块并行工作;主工控机通过OPC访问子模块从下位机组获取多个工艺单元的状态信息和过程参数,并向下位机组发送控制多个工艺单元运行的控制指令、工艺配方及工艺参数,以及通过TCP/IP访问子模块向二级工控机发送控制指令以便二级工控机控制被集成单元执行相应的动作,并接收二级工控机的反馈。本发明实施例的通讯模块具有安全、稳定及可靠的优点,且该通讯模块便于维护,可扩展性好。
The present invention proposes a communication module of a CMP integrated control system. The CMP integrated control system includes: a main industrial computer, a lower unit, and a secondary industrial computer. The communication between them includes: OPC access sub-module and TCP/IP access sub-module, and the two sub-modules work in parallel; the main industrial computer obtains the status information and process parameters of multiple process units from the lower unit through the OPC access sub-module, and Send control instructions, process recipes and process parameters to control the operation of multiple process units to the lower unit, and send control instructions to the secondary industrial computer through the TCP/IP access sub-module so that the secondary industrial computer controls the integrated unit to perform corresponding actions. And receive the feedback from the secondary industrial computer. The communication module of the embodiment of the present invention has the advantages of safety, stability and reliability, and the communication module is easy to maintain and has good scalability.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及化学机械抛光技术领域,特别涉及一种CMP集成控制系统的通讯模块。The invention relates to the technical field of chemical mechanical polishing, in particular to a communication module of a CMP integrated control system.
背景技术Background technique
在集成电路的制造过程中,传统的平坦化技术仅局限于局部平坦化,不能满足超大规模集成电路制造过程中全局平坦化的要求。作为当前最广泛使用的全局平坦化技术,化学机械抛光技术(ChemicalMechanicalPlanarization,CMP)能兼顾晶圆表面粗糙度和表面平整度的要求,获得无损伤的晶圆表面。In the manufacturing process of integrated circuits, the traditional planarization technology is limited to local planarization, which cannot meet the requirements of global planarization in VLSI manufacturing process. As the most widely used global planarization technology at present, chemical mechanical polishing technology (Chemical Mechanical Planarization, CMP) can meet the requirements of wafer surface roughness and surface flatness, and obtain a damage-free wafer surface.
目前,CMP技术已经发展成为化学机械抛光机为主体,集测量和清洗等技术于一体的化学机械平坦化技术,可更好地提高生产率、降低制造成本以及实现衬底全局平坦化。CMP装备包含多个工艺单元,各个单元由各独立的下位机(PLC)控制,可分别独立运行。主工控机通过下位机组统一管理各个单元模块,实现晶圆全自动化工艺流程。OPC是OPC基金会组织推广的工业控制和生产自动化领域中的硬件和软件之间的标准接口。利用OPC可很好的解决上下层控制系统间的通讯问题。但是对于被集成单元,由于该单元由二级工控机直接控制,不适用OPC通讯方式,因此主工控机无法通过原有通讯模块访问被集成单元,原有OPC通讯模块限制了CMP系统的扩展。At present, CMP technology has developed into a chemical mechanical planarization technology with a chemical mechanical polishing machine as the main body, integrating measurement and cleaning technologies, which can better improve productivity, reduce manufacturing costs, and achieve global substrate planarization. CMP equipment includes multiple process units, each unit is controlled by an independent lower computer (PLC), and can operate independently. The main industrial computer manages each unit module through the lower unit to realize the fully automated process flow of the wafer. OPC is a standard interface between hardware and software in the field of industrial control and production automation promoted by the OPC Foundation. Utilizing OPC can well solve the communication problem between the upper and lower control systems. But for the integrated unit, because the unit is directly controlled by the secondary industrial computer, OPC communication mode is not applicable, so the main industrial computer cannot access the integrated unit through the original communication module, and the original OPC communication module limits the expansion of the CMP system.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明旨在至少解决上述技术问题之一。The present invention aims to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.
为此,本发明的目的在于提出一种安全、稳定、可靠且便捷的CMP集成控制系统的通讯模块,该控制系统可通过通讯模块实现主工控机与下位机组和二级工控机之间的通讯和信息交互,用于实时访问下位机组和二级工控机下的各个工艺单元及被集成单元,完成对各个工艺单元及被集成单元的统一管理。For this reason, the purpose of the present invention is to propose a communication module of a safe, stable, reliable and convenient CMP integrated control system, the control system can realize the communication between the main industrial computer and the lower unit and the secondary industrial computer through the communication module And information interaction, used for real-time access to each process unit and integrated unit under the lower unit and secondary industrial computer, and complete the unified management of each process unit and integrated unit.
为了实现上述目的,本发明的实施例提供了一种CMP集成控制系统的通讯模块,用于实现CMP集成控制系统内部的通讯包括:OPC访问子模块和TCP/IP访问子模块,且两个子模块并行工作,其中,所述CMP集成控制系统包括:下位机组、二级工控机和主工控机,其中,所述下位机组(各个PLC)分别与多个工艺单元一一对应相连,用于控制所述多个工艺单元的运行,并监测所述多个工艺单元的运行状态及过程参数;所述二级工控机与被集成单元相连,用于控制所述被集成单元的运行,并监测所述被集成单元的运行状态及过程参数;所述主工控机通过所述OPC访问子模块从所述下位机组获取所述多个工艺单元的状态信息和过程参数,并向所述下位机组发送控制所述多个工艺单元运行的控制指令、工艺配方及工艺参数,以及通过所述TCP/IP访问子模块向所述二级工控机发送控制指令以便所述二级工控机控制被集成单元执行相应的动作,并接收所述二级工控机的反馈信息。In order to achieve the above object, the embodiment of the present invention provides a communication module of the CMP integrated control system, which is used to realize the internal communication of the CMP integrated control system, including: OPC access sub-module and TCP/IP access sub-module, and the two sub-modules Working in parallel, wherein the CMP integrated control system includes: a lower unit, a secondary industrial computer and a main industrial computer, wherein the lower unit (each PLC) is connected to a plurality of process units in one-to-one correspondence for controlling all The operation of the multiple process units, and monitor the operating status and process parameters of the multiple process units; the secondary industrial computer is connected with the integrated unit, used to control the operation of the integrated unit, and monitor the The operating status and process parameters of the integrated units; the main industrial computer obtains the status information and process parameters of the plurality of process units from the lower unit through the OPC access sub-module, and sends the control information to the lower unit The control instructions, process recipes and process parameters for the operation of the multiple process units, and send control instructions to the secondary industrial computer through the TCP/IP access sub-module so that the secondary industrial computer controls the integrated unit to execute the corresponding action, and receive the feedback information from the secondary industrial computer.
另外,根据本发明上述实施例的CMP集成控制系统的通讯模块还可以具有如下附加的技术特征:In addition, the communication module of the CMP integrated control system according to the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention may also have the following additional technical features:
在一些示例中,所述OPC访问子模块进一步包括:OPC服务器,所述OPC服务器用于配置所述下位机组信息以实现所述OPC服务器与所述下位机组的通讯,其中,所述下位机组信息包括各个下位机的名称和地址;OPC客户端,所述OPC客户端用于与所述OPC服务器通讯,负责连接和断开所述OPC服务器,以及向所述OPC服务器写数据或从所述OPC服务器读数据。In some examples, the OPC access submodule further includes: an OPC server, configured to configure the lower group information to realize communication between the OPC server and the lower group, wherein the lower group information Including the name and address of each lower computer; OPC client, the OPC client is used to communicate with the OPC server, responsible for connecting and disconnecting the OPC server, and writing data to the OPC server or from the OPC The server reads the data.
在一些示例中,所述OPC客户端通过实现OPC自定义接口访问所述OPC服务器。In some examples, the OPC client accesses the OPC server by implementing an OPC custom interface.
在一些示例中,所述OPC客户端还用于创建所述OPC服务器对象和OPC组对象,并依此添加OPC项对象,并根据所述OPC项,所述OPC客户端通过所述OPC服务器获取指定变量的值。In some examples, the OPC client is also used to create the OPC server object and OPC group object, and add OPC item objects accordingly, and according to the OPC item, the OPC client obtains Specifies the value of the variable.
在一些示例中,所述OPC客户端还用于在退出时移除所述OPC项对象和所述OPC组对象,并删除所述OPC服务器对象,释放系统资源,以断开与所述OPC服务器对象之间的连接。In some examples, the OPC client is also used to remove the OPC item object and the OPC group object when exiting, and delete the OPC server object, release system resources, and disconnect from the OPC server Connections between objects.
在一些示例中,所述OPC客户端以同步或者异步的方式向所述OPC服务器进行写数据,所述OPC客户端通过订阅的方式从所述OPC服务器读数据,从而实现主工控机向下位机组发送和接收数据。In some examples, the OPC client writes data to the OPC server in a synchronous or asynchronous manner, and the OPC client reads data from the OPC server through subscription, thereby realizing Send and receive data.
在一些示例中,所述OPC客户端以同步或者异步的方式向所述OPC服务器进行写数据,具体包括:所述OPC客户端通过布尔型数据写方式、浮点型数据写方式或者整型数据写方式向所述OPC服务器进行同步或者异步写数据。In some examples, the OPC client writes data to the OPC server in a synchronous or asynchronous manner, specifically including: the OPC client writes data in a Boolean data mode, a floating point data writing mode, or an integer data The writing mode performs synchronous or asynchronous writing of data to the OPC server.
在一些示例中,所述TCP/IP访问子模块采用成熟的TCP/IP通讯方式,将所述主工控机和二级工控机作为通讯双方,主工控机利用预定的IP地址和端口号访问二级工控机,且如果所述主工控机在预设时间内未接收到所述二级工控机的反馈时,判定与所述二级工控机的通讯失败,并弹出警报信息窗口以提示工艺人员。In some examples, the TCP/IP access submodule adopts a mature TCP/IP communication method, and the main industrial computer and the secondary industrial computer are used as communication parties, and the main industrial computer uses a predetermined IP address and port number to access the two Level industrial computer, and if the main industrial computer does not receive the feedback from the secondary industrial computer within the preset time, it is determined that the communication with the secondary industrial computer has failed, and an alarm message window pops up to remind the craftsman .
在一些示例中,所述主工控机通过所述TCP/IP访问子模块向所述二级工控机发送的控制指令包括:建立或断开连接指令、工艺配方的选择和读取指令、装片准备和卸片结束指令以及全部状态参数读取指令,所述TCP/IP访问子模块将利用所述二级工控机提供的接口函数发送各指令的数据包。In some examples, the control instructions sent by the main industrial computer to the secondary industrial computer through the TCP/IP access submodule include: connection establishment or disconnection instructions, process recipe selection and reading instructions, film loading The preparation and unloading end instructions and all status parameter reading instructions, the TCP/IP access sub-module will use the interface function provided by the secondary industrial computer to send the data packets of each instruction.
在一些示例中,所述TCP/IP访问子模块采用面向连接的通讯方式。In some examples, the TCP/IP access submodule adopts a connection-oriented communication method.
根据本发明实施例的CMP集成控制系统,具有如下优点:The CMP integrated control system according to the embodiment of the present invention has the following advantages:
本发明的优点在于:The advantages of the present invention are:
(1)高效、实时性好、网络资源消耗低。(1) High efficiency, good real-time performance, and low consumption of network resources.
(2)便于维护,当下层控制系统(下位机组和二级工控机)需要维护或硬件器件需要更换时,如果下层各个变量的地址和原有功能保持不变,就不会影响上层控制系统(主工控机)的正常使用。(2) It is easy to maintain. When the lower control system (lower unit and secondary industrial computer) needs maintenance or hardware devices need to be replaced, if the address and original function of each variable in the lower layer remain unchanged, it will not affect the upper control system ( The normal use of the main industrial computer).
(3)良好的可扩展性,本系统如需扩展新的单元模块,只需根据新的单元模块的需要选择合适的通讯方式,通讯模块完成相应的配置或变量的追加即可,无需更改原有体系。(3) Good scalability. If the system needs to expand new unit modules, it only needs to select the appropriate communication mode according to the needs of the new unit modules. The communication module can complete the corresponding configuration or add variables without changing the original unit module. There is a system.
(4)安全、稳定、可靠,本系统采用OCP技术和TCP/IP通讯协议实现主工控机与下位机组和二级工控机之间的通讯,且在通讯异常时发出警报提醒工艺人员,因此,本系统为正常的数据交互提供了良好的保证。(4) Safe, stable and reliable. This system uses OCP technology and TCP/IP communication protocol to realize the communication between the main industrial computer, the lower unit and the secondary industrial computer, and sends an alarm to remind the craftsmen when the communication is abnormal. Therefore, This system provides a good guarantee for normal data interaction.
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出,部分将从下面的描述中变得明显,或通过本发明的实践了解到。Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
附图说明Description of drawings
本发明的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解,其中:The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and comprehensible from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, wherein:
图1为根据本发明一个实施例的CMP集成控制系统的原理框图;Fig. 1 is the functional block diagram of the CMP integrated control system according to one embodiment of the present invention;
图2为根据本发明另一个实施例的CMP集成控制系统的硬件结构实例图;Fig. 2 is an example diagram of the hardware structure of the CMP integrated control system according to another embodiment of the present invention;
图3为根据本发明一个实施例的CMP集成控制系统的通讯模块的OPC访问子模块的原理示意图;以及3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the OPC access submodule of the communication module of the CMP integrated control system according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
图4为根据本发明一个实施例的CMP集成控制系统的通讯模块的TCP/IP访问子模块的工作流程图。Fig. 4 is a working flow chart of the TCP/IP access sub-module of the communication module of the CMP integrated control system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面详细描述本发明的实施例,所述实施例的示例在附图中示出,其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的,仅用于解释本发明,而不能理解为对本发明的限制。Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals designate the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the figures are exemplary only for explaining the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
在本发明的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外,术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。In describing the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", " The orientations or positional relationships indicated by "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner" and "outer" are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and Simplified descriptions, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operate in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
在本发明的描述中,需要说明的是,除非另有明确的规定和限定,术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或一体地连接;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接;可以是直接相连,也可以通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. Connected, or integrally connected; it may be mechanically connected or electrically connected; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediary, and it may be the internal communication of two components. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific situations.
以下结合附图描述根据本发明实施例的CMP集成控制系统的通讯模块。The communication module of the CMP integrated control system according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
图1为根据本发明一个实施例的CMP集成控制系统的原理框图。如图1所示,根据本发明一个实施例的CMP集成控制系统100,包括:下位机组110、主工控机130和二级工控机140。FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a CMP integrated control system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 , a CMP integrated control system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a lower unit 110 , a main industrial computer 130 and a secondary industrial computer 140 .
其中,下位机组110分别与多个工艺单元一一对应相连,用于控制多个工艺单元的运行,并监测多个工艺单元的运行状态及过程参数。二级工控机140与被集成单元相连,用于控制被集成单元的运行,并监测所述被集成单元的运行状态及过程参数;Among them, the lower unit 110 is respectively connected to a plurality of process units in one-to-one correspondence, and is used to control the operation of the plurality of process units, and monitor the operation status and process parameters of the plurality of process units. The secondary industrial computer 140 is connected with the unit to be integrated, and is used to control the operation of the unit to be integrated, and monitor the operation status and process parameters of the unit to be integrated;
本发明实施例的CMP集成控制系统的通讯模块120用于实现主工控机130与下位机组110和二级工控机140之间的通讯,其中,通讯模块120进一步包括OPC访问子模块和TCP/IP访问子模块。The communication module 120 of the CMP integrated control system of the embodiment of the present invention is used to realize the communication between the main industrial computer 130 and the lower unit 110 and the secondary industrial computer 140, wherein the communication module 120 further includes OPC access sub-module and TCP/IP Access submodules.
主工控机130通过OPC访问子模块从下位机组110获取多个工艺单元的状态信息和过程参数,并向下位机组110发送控制多个工艺单元运行的控制指令、工艺配方及工艺参数,以及通过TCP/IP访问子模块向二级工控机140发送控制指令以便二级工控机140控制与其相连的被集成单元执行相应的动作,并接收二级工控机140的反馈信息。The main industrial computer 130 obtains the status information and process parameters of multiple process units from the lower unit 110 through the OPC access sub-module, and sends control instructions, process formulas and process parameters to control the operation of multiple process units to the lower unit 110, and communicates with the host unit 110 through TCP. The /IP access sub-module sends control instructions to the secondary industrial computer 140 so that the secondary industrial computer 140 controls the integrated units connected to it to perform corresponding actions, and receives feedback information from the secondary industrial computer 140 .
作为一个具体的示例,结合图1和图2所示,上述的下位机组110包括多个下位机,在图2所示的例子中,下位机组110例如包括两个下位机,即图2中的可编程逻辑控制器PLC1和可编程逻辑控制器PLC2。多个工艺单元包括但不限于工艺单元1和工艺单元2,且PLC1与工艺单元1相连,PLC2与工艺单元2相连。则PLC1和PLC2分别控制工艺单元1和工艺单元2的运行,并监测他们的运行状态及过程参数。As a specific example, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , the above-mentioned lower unit 110 includes multiple lower units. In the example shown in FIG. 2 , the lower unit 110 includes two lower units, that is, the Programmable logic controller PLC1 and programmable logic controller PLC2. The multiple process units include but not limited to process unit 1 and process unit 2, and PLC1 is connected to process unit 1, and PLC2 is connected to process unit 2. Then PLC1 and PLC2 respectively control the operation of process unit 1 and process unit 2, and monitor their operating status and process parameters.
换言之,在图2中,本发明实施例的CMP集成控制系统100的主体采用两级控制模式。其中,下层控制系统(即下位机组110)可选用多个PLC(可编程逻辑控制器),且各PLC分别直接控制所属工艺单元(例如各个抛光单元等),上层控制系统(主工控机130)可选用IPC(工控机),并通过各PLC监控各个工艺单元并管理整个系统的运行。且上层控制系统与下层控制系统之间通过工业以太网实现物理连接。对于被集成单元,由于其已拥有独立自主的控制器(即二级工控机140,例如为IPC),所以在保持现有控制系统结构的基础上,可将该被继承单元的IPC作为二级IPC。同样利用工业以太网实现主工控机130与二级工控机140的物理连接。In other words, in FIG. 2 , the main body of the CMP integrated control system 100 of the embodiment of the present invention adopts a two-level control mode. Among them, the lower control system (that is, the lower unit 110) can choose multiple PLCs (programmable logic controllers), and each PLC directly controls the process unit (such as each polishing unit, etc.), and the upper control system (main industrial computer 130) IPC (Industrial Personal Computer) can be selected to monitor each process unit and manage the operation of the entire system through each PLC. And the physical connection between the upper control system and the lower control system is realized through industrial Ethernet. For the integrated unit, since it already has an independent controller (that is, the secondary industrial computer 140, such as IPC), the IPC of the inherited unit can be used as the secondary IPC on the basis of maintaining the existing control system structure . The physical connection between the primary industrial computer 130 and the secondary industrial computer 140 is also realized by industrial Ethernet.
在本发明的一个实施例中,上述的OPC访问子模块进一步包括:OPC服务器和OPC客户端。其中,OPC服务器用于配置下位机组信息以实现OPC服务器与下位机组110的通讯,并对下位机组110进行监控和管理,其中,下位机组信息包括各个下位机的名称和地址。OPC客户端与OPC服务器通讯,用于在使用时连接和断开OPC服务器,以及向OPC服务器写数据或从OPC服务器读取数据。In an embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned OPC access submodule further includes: an OPC server and an OPC client. Wherein, the OPC server is used to configure the lower unit information to realize the communication between the OPC server and the lower unit 110, and to monitor and manage the lower unit 110, wherein the lower unit information includes the name and address of each lower unit. The OPC client communicates with the OPC server, and is used to connect and disconnect the OPC server during use, and write data to the OPC server or read data from the OPC server.
具体而言,OPC访问模块是本发明实施例的CMP集成控制系统100的主要通讯手段,其主要包括OPC服务器和OPC客户端。作为一个具体示例,如图3所示,OPC服务器负责配置下层控制系统各PLC信息(主要包括PLC的名称和地址),实现与下层控制系统的连接。OPC客户端的主要功能包括:连接和断开OPC服务器以及读写各OPC数据项。其中,下层控制系统建立多个存储区(DB)负责临时存放全部数据(包括状态变量和工艺参数等)。在实际生产过程中,OPC客户端通过主动访问OPC服务器完成下层各存储区中数据的读与写操作。上层控制系统利用该OPC访问模块可实时读取和显示各个单元模块的状态变量和工艺参数,下载工艺配方,以及发送各项控制指令等,进而实现整个CMP集成控制系统的统一管理。Specifically, the OPC access module is the main communication means of the CMP integrated control system 100 of the embodiment of the present invention, and it mainly includes an OPC server and an OPC client. As a specific example, as shown in Figure 3, the OPC server is responsible for configuring the PLC information (mainly including the name and address of the PLC) of the lower control system to realize the connection with the lower control system. The main functions of the OPC client include: connecting and disconnecting the OPC server and reading and writing each OPC data item. Among them, the lower control system establishes multiple storage areas (DB) to temporarily store all data (including state variables and process parameters, etc.). In the actual production process, the OPC client completes the read and write operations of data in the storage areas of the lower layer by actively accessing the OPC server. The upper control system can use the OPC access module to read and display the state variables and process parameters of each unit module in real time, download process recipes, and send various control instructions, etc., and then realize the unified management of the entire CMP integrated control system.
进一步地,在另一个示例中,OPC客户端通过OPC自定义接口访问OPC服务器。更为具体地,即OPC客户端创建OPC服务器对象和OPC组对象,并依此添加OPC项对象,根据每一项OPC项对象,OPC客户端从OPC服务器获取指定变量的值。另外,OPC客户端还用于在退出时移除OPC项对象和OPC组对象,并删除OPC服务器对象,释放系统资源,以断开与OPC服务器对象之间的连接。Further, in another example, the OPC client accesses the OPC server through an OPC custom interface. More specifically, the OPC client creates an OPC server object and an OPC group object, and adds OPC item objects accordingly, and according to each OPC item object, the OPC client obtains the value of a specified variable from the OPC server. In addition, the OPC client is also used to remove the OPC item object and OPC group object when exiting, and delete the OPC server object to release system resources to disconnect the connection with the OPC server object.
换言之,OPC技术是基于微软公司的DNA架构和COM技术,根据易扩展性而设计的。OPC规范描述了OPC服务器需要实现的COM对象及其接口,客户程序通过接口与OPC服务器通信,间接实现了对现场数据的存取。目前,OPC有两套接口:OPC自定义接口和OPC自动化接口。自定义接口效率高,通过该接口,客户能够发挥OPC服务器的最佳性能,适合采用C++语言的客户(本发明实施例优选采用C++编程语言)。因此,本发明的实施例优选采用OPC自定义接口。In other words, OPC technology is based on Microsoft's DNA architecture and COM technology, designed according to easy scalability. The OPC specification describes the COM object and its interface that the OPC server needs to implement. The client program communicates with the OPC server through the interface, and indirectly realizes the access to field data. Currently, OPC has two sets of interfaces: OPC custom interface and OPC automation interface. The self-defined interface has high efficiency, and through this interface, the client can exert the best performance of the OPC server, and is suitable for clients using the C++ language (the embodiment of the present invention preferably adopts the C++ programming language). Therefore, the embodiment of the present invention preferably adopts the OPC custom interface.
另外,从高层上看,OPC服务器由三个对象组成:服务器对象、组对象和项对象(参见图3所示)。In addition, from a high-level point of view, an OPC server consists of three objects: server objects, group objects, and item objects (see Figure 3).
其中,OPC服务器对象是OPC服务器程序的主要对象。在OPC访问模块的OPC客户端中首先创建该对象,再利用OPC服务器对象创建OPC组,并将组对象的指针传递给OPC客户端,由OPC客户端直接操作组对象。进一步地,OPC客户端将需要访问的数据项作为OPC项添加到同一组中。其中,OPC客户端对OPC服务器进行数据存取时是以组为单位进行的,即客户程序对组内的OPC项进行统一的读写操作,提高了数据通信的效率。OPC项表示与OPC服务器中数据的连接。需要指出的是,OPC项并不是实际的数据源,只是表示与数据源的连接。因此,在OPC组中添加OPC项时,严格定义每一项的地址,保证数据读取的正确性。Among them, the OPC server object is the main object of the OPC server program. First create this object in the OPC client of the OPC access module, then use the OPC server object to create an OPC group, and pass the pointer of the group object to the OPC client, and the OPC client directly operates the group object. Further, the OPC client adds the data items to be accessed into the same group as OPC items. Among them, the OPC client performs data access to the OPC server in units of groups, that is, the client program performs unified read and write operations on the OPC items in the group, which improves the efficiency of data communication. An OPC item represents a connection to data in an OPC server. It should be pointed out that the OPC item is not the actual data source, but only represents the connection with the data source. Therefore, when adding OPC items in the OPC group, strictly define the address of each item to ensure the correctness of data reading.
在本发明的另一个实施例中,OPC客户端以同步或者异步的方式向OPC服务器进行写数据,或者OPC客户端通过订阅的方式从OPC服务器读取数据。其中,OPC客户端以同步或者异步的方式向OPC服务器进行写数据,具体包括:OPC客户端通过布尔(bool)型数据写方式、浮点(float)型数据写方式或者整(int)型数据写方式向OPC服务器进行写数据。In another embodiment of the present invention, the OPC client writes data to the OPC server in a synchronous or asynchronous manner, or the OPC client reads data from the OPC server through subscription. Among them, the OPC client writes data to the OPC server in a synchronous or asynchronous manner, specifically including: the OPC client writes bool data, float data or int data Write mode to write data to the OPC server.
换言之,即OPC客户端与OPC服务器之间的交互包括两个方面:一方面为OPC客户端从OPC服务器写数据,另一方面为OPC客户端从OPC服务器读取数据。在OPC规范中,OPC服务器与OPC客户端的数据读取有三种方式:同步、异步和订阅。在本发明的实施例中,OPC客户端向OPC服务器写数据采用同步写或者异步写。对于数据的读取,统一采用订阅式。In other words, the interaction between the OPC client and the OPC server includes two aspects: one is for the OPC client to write data from the OPC server, and the other is for the OPC client to read data from the OPC server. In the OPC specification, there are three ways to read data between OPC server and OPC client: synchronous, asynchronous and subscription. In the embodiment of the present invention, the OPC client uses synchronous writing or asynchronous writing to write data to the OPC server. For data reading, the subscription method is adopted uniformly.
在一个具体示例中,根据不同的数据类型,本发明的实施例可分别实现各种数据类型的同步(或异步)写方法,以便在程序开发过程中,数据的访问方式更加清晰且易于检查。本发明实施例的系统主要实现了三种同步(或异步)写的方式,包括bool型数据写方法SyncWriteBool(intItemNo,boolItemValue)/AsyncWriteBool(intItemNo,boolItemValue),float型数据写方法SyncWriteReal(intItemNo,doubleItemValue)/AsyncWriteReal(intItemNo,doubleItemValue)及int型数据写方法SyncWriteInt(intItemNo,intItemValue)/AsyncWriteInt(intItemNo,intItemValue)。其中,第一个形参表示被赋值对象是组中的第几项,第二个形参表示要赋的值。对于数组变量,即同类型的连续地址变量,可由SyncWrite(intItemNo,void*ItemValue,typeValueType,intValueNo)/AsyncWrite(intItemNo,void*ItemValue,typeValueType,intValueNo)实现写功能,其中形参ItemNo表示组中第几项,ItemValue表示要赋的值,ValueType表示数据类型,ValueNo表示变量个数。In a specific example, according to different data types, the embodiments of the present invention can implement synchronous (or asynchronous) writing methods of various data types, so that the data access method is clearer and easier to check during the program development process. The system of the embodiment of the present invention mainly realizes three synchronous (or asynchronous) writing modes, including bool type data writing method SyncWriteBool (intItemNo, boolItemValue)/AsyncWriteBool (intItemNo, boolItemValue), float type data writing method SyncWriteReal (intItemNo, doubleItemValue) )/AsyncWriteReal(intItemNo, doubleItemValue) and int type data writing method SyncWriteInt(intItemNo, intItemValue)/AsyncWriteInt(intItemNo, intItemValue). Among them, the first formal parameter indicates which item in the group the assigned object is, and the second formal parameter indicates the value to be assigned. For array variables, that is, continuous address variables of the same type, the write function can be realized by SyncWrite(intItemNo, void*ItemValue, typeValueType, intValueNo)/AsyncWrite(intItemNo, void*ItemValue, typeValueType, intValueNo), where the formal parameter ItemNo represents the first item in the group Several items, ItemValue represents the value to be assigned, ValueType represents the data type, and ValueNo represents the number of variables.
以同步写方法为例,在函数体内,先根据数据类型将访问方式进行划分,再根据形参内容依次设置各项属性值(包括数据类型及值等)。如果使用同步方式,需调用IOPCSyncIO的函数Write。如果使用异步方式,需调用IOPCAsyncIO2的函数Write。以下是同步写方法的主要代码示例:Taking the synchronous write method as an example, in the function body, the access methods are first divided according to the data type, and then the attribute values (including data type and value, etc.) are sequentially set according to the content of the formal parameters. If you use the synchronous method, you need to call the function Write of IOPCSyncIO. If asynchronous mode is used, the function Write of IOPCAsyncIO2 needs to be called. Here is the main code example of the synchronous write method:
voidOpcClient::SyncWrite(intItemNo,void*ItemValue,typeValueType,intValueNo)voidOpcClient::SyncWrite(intItemNo, void*ItemValue, typeValueType, intValueNo)
而对于读操作,定义类COPCDataCallback(继承类CComObjectRoot和类IOPCDataCallback),所有变量的读取工作均在其成员函数OnDataChange中实现。OnDataChange用于处理OPC组对象的通知,这个通知在数据发生变化时由OPC服务器自动进行。在订阅式数据访问方式的实现中,首先根据各OPC项的数据类型将读取方式进行细分,再将每一项的值依次赋给指定的变量。由于本发明的实施例采用订阅式数据读取方式统一读取系统的所有参数变量,所以专门定义类OpcPublic负责暂存各项过程变量。该类的成员变量通过OPC项的编号找到自身对应的项,从而实现数据的读取。工程中,其他类均可调用类OpcPublic,并读取类中的各个成员变量,进而可对所需的数据进行相应的处理。由于类OpcPublic的各成员变量是不断更新的,所以保证了主程序所需的数据总是最新的。For the read operation, define class COPCDataCallback (inherit class CComObjectRoot and class IOPCDataCallback), and read all variables in its member function OnDataChange. OnDataChange is used to process the notification of the OPC group object, which is automatically carried out by the OPC server when the data changes. In the implementation of the subscription data access method, the reading method is first subdivided according to the data type of each OPC item, and then the value of each item is assigned to the specified variable in turn. Since the embodiment of the present invention adopts a subscription-type data reading method to uniformly read all parameter variables of the system, the specially defined class OpcPublic is responsible for temporarily storing various process variables. The member variable of this class finds its corresponding item through the number of the OPC item, so as to realize the reading of data. In the project, other classes can call the class OpcPublic, and read each member variable in the class, and then process the required data accordingly. Since each member variable of the class OpcPublic is constantly updated, it ensures that the data required by the main program is always up-to-date.
更为具体地,对于本发明实施例的CMP集成控制系统中的重要数据(例如工艺参数和系统配置信息)的写操作,该系统采用同步式OPC数据写方式,以确保每一个参数正确设置,不会被遗漏。对于一般性变量的写操作,该系统适当选用异步式OPC数据写方式,以减少CPU和网络资源的消耗,保证系统的实时性。相比于同步方式和异步方式,订阅式数据采集方式可以有效地降低OPC客户端访问服务器的次数,使CPU和网络资源的消耗降到最低,同时可以执行大量的数据,并且最大程度地避免了网络阻塞的情况。More specifically, for the writing operation of important data (such as process parameters and system configuration information) in the CMP integrated control system of the embodiment of the present invention, the system adopts a synchronous OPC data writing method to ensure that each parameter is set correctly, will not be missed. For the writing operation of general variables, the system properly selects the asynchronous OPC data writing method to reduce the consumption of CPU and network resources and ensure the real-time performance of the system. Compared with the synchronous and asynchronous methods, the subscription data collection method can effectively reduce the number of times OPC clients access the server, minimize the consumption of CPU and network resources, and can execute a large amount of data at the same time, and avoid The situation of network congestion.
在一个具体示例中,通讯模块120中的OPC访问子模块和TCP/IP访问子模块均运行在上层控制系统中。且OPC访问子模块的OPC服务器和OPC客户端的交互过程主要分为以下几个步骤:In a specific example, both the OPC access sub-module and the TCP/IP access sub-module in the communication module 120 run in the upper control system. And the interaction process between the OPC server and the OPC client of the OPC access sub-module is mainly divided into the following steps:
1)创建并连接服务器对象。1) Create and connect to the server object.
具体而言,初始化COM库,利用CLSIDFromProgID函数得到CLSID。基于得到的CLSID,OPC客户端创建一个OPCServer对象,并得到一个指向服务器对象的指针变量IOPCServer。Specifically, initialize the COM library, and use the CLSIDFromProgID function to obtain the CLSID. Based on the obtained CLSID, the OPC client creates an OPCServer object and obtains a pointer variable IOPCServer pointing to the server object.
2)添加组和项。2) Add groups and items.
作为OPC服务器的主接口,IOPCServer接口负责创建OPC组,并返回其他接口指针,保证OPC客户端可以调用OPC服务器的接口函数。OPC客户端可以通过创建的OPC组对象调用IOPCItemMgt接口,添加一定数量的OPC项对象。As the main interface of the OPC server, the IOPCServer interface is responsible for creating OPC groups and returning other interface pointers to ensure that the OPC client can call the interface functions of the OPC server. The OPC client can call the IOPCItemMgt interface through the created OPC group object to add a certain number of OPC item objects.
3)数据的读写操作。3) Data read and write operations.
OPC客户端通过调用IOPCSyncIO或者IOPCAsyncIO2的成员函数Write来同步或者异步写OPCGroup中各Item对象的值。而对于数据的读取,OPC客户端统一采用订阅式数据采集方式。The OPC client synchronously or asynchronously writes the value of each Item object in the OPCGroup by calling the member function Write of IOPCSyncIO or IOPCAsyncIO2. For data reading, the OPC client uniformly adopts the subscription data collection method.
4)断开与服务器的连接。4) Disconnect from the server.
OPC客户端在退出时释放所有的接口指针并依次删除OPC项,OPC组和OPC服务器对象。The OPC client releases all interface pointers and deletes OPC items, OPC groups and OPC server objects in turn when exiting.
在一个具体示例中,结合图2所示,被集成单元由独立的二级工控机140(IPC)控制,具有独立的本地控制系统。而基于工业以太网的物理连接,上层控制系统(即主工控机130)与被集成单元控制系统(即二级工控机140)之间通过TCP/IP访问子模块以TCP/IP通讯方式实现相互通讯。更为具体地,在本发明的一个实施例中,TCP/IP访问子模块采用面向连接的通讯方式。In a specific example, as shown in FIG. 2 , the unit to be integrated is controlled by an independent secondary industrial computer 140 (IPC), and has an independent local control system. Based on the physical connection of industrial Ethernet, the upper-layer control system (ie, the main industrial computer 130) and the integrated unit control system (ie, the secondary industrial computer 140) realize mutual communication through the TCP/IP access sub-module and TCP/IP communication. communication. More specifically, in one embodiment of the present invention, the TCP/IP access submodule adopts a connection-oriented communication method.
换言之,TCP/IP是当前应用最为广泛的通讯协议,广泛应用于各种PC网络。TCP/IP协议实现了两种通讯方式:无连接的通讯协议(UDP)和面向连接的通讯协议(TCP)。对于无连接的通讯协议,UDP占用的资源较少,但通讯时不需要接收方确认,属于不可靠的传输,可能会出丢包现象。TCP方式进行数据交换前,必须与通讯方建立一条路径,这样既确定了通讯双方之间的路由,又保证了通讯双方是活动的,可彼此响应的,并且投递的数据是无误的。为了保证通讯准确无误,本发明实施例优选地采用面向连接的通讯方式。In other words, TCP/IP is currently the most widely used communication protocol, and is widely used in various PC networks. The TCP/IP protocol implements two communication methods: a connectionless communication protocol (UDP) and a connection-oriented communication protocol (TCP). For the connectionless communication protocol, UDP occupies less resources, but the communication does not require the receiver to confirm, which is an unreliable transmission, and packet loss may occur. Before data exchange in TCP mode, a path must be established with the communication party, which not only determines the route between the communication parties, but also ensures that the communication parties are active and can respond to each other, and the delivered data is correct. In order to ensure the accuracy of communication, the embodiment of the present invention preferably adopts a connection-oriented communication manner.
具体而言,在本发明的一个实施例中,主工控机130通过TCP/IP访问子模块向二级工控机140发送控制指令以便二级工控机140控制与其相连的被集成单元执行相应的动作,并向主工控机130进行反馈,主工控机130根据该反馈判断与二级工控机140之间的通讯是否正常。且在本发明的另一个实施例中,主工控机130还用于在预设时间内未接收到二级主工控机140的反馈时,判定与二级工控机140的通讯失败,并弹出警报信息窗口以提示工艺人员。其中,上述控制指令包括:建立或断开连接指令、工艺配方的选择和读取指令、装片准备和卸片结束指令以及读取全部状态参数指令。预设时间根据具体需求预先设定。Specifically, in one embodiment of the present invention, the main industrial computer 130 sends control instructions to the secondary industrial computer 140 through the TCP/IP access sub-module so that the secondary industrial computer 140 controls the integrated unit connected to it to perform corresponding actions , and give feedback to the main industrial computer 130, and the main industrial computer 130 judges whether the communication with the secondary industrial computer 140 is normal according to the feedback. And in another embodiment of the present invention, the main industrial computer 130 is also used to determine that the communication with the secondary industrial computer 140 fails when the feedback from the secondary main industrial computer 140 is not received within a preset time, and an alarm pops up Information window to prompt the craftsman. Wherein, the above-mentioned control instructions include: connection establishment or disconnection instructions, process recipe selection and reading instructions, loading preparation and unloading completion instructions, and reading all state parameter instructions. The preset time is preset according to specific needs.
作为一个具体的示例,即TCP/IP访问子模块将上层控制系统(主工控机130)和被集成单元控制系统(二级工控机140)作为通讯双方。上层控制系统利用工艺人员在主操作界面中输入的IP地址和端口号(IP地址和端口号地址均为提前定义)发起通讯并找到被集成单元控制系统,待对方正常响应,即可建立一条稳定的双方通讯连接。之后,基于双方预先定义好的指令,上层控制系统根据工艺人员的操作需求发出规定的数据包,被集成单元控制系统每次接收到数据包后,立即对其中的指令进行解析(对于参数的设置,应赋给被集成单元控制系统指定的变量;对于各项指令,可在程序的槽函数内调用被集成设备控制系统提供的相应接口函数),进而执行相应的动作或返回需要的参数值,具体流程如图4所示。即上述过程包括以下步骤:As a specific example, the TCP/IP access sub-module uses the upper control system (main industrial computer 130 ) and the integrated unit control system (secondary industrial computer 140 ) as communication parties. The upper control system uses the IP address and port number entered by the craftsman on the main operation interface (the IP address and port number address are defined in advance) to initiate communication and find the control system of the integrated unit. After the other party responds normally, a stable communication connection between the two parties. Afterwards, based on the pre-defined instructions of both parties, the upper control system sends out the specified data packets according to the operation requirements of the craftsmen, and the integrated unit control system immediately analyzes the instructions in each received data packet (for parameter setting , should be assigned to the variable specified by the integrated unit control system; for each instruction, the corresponding interface function provided by the integrated device control system can be called in the slot function of the program), and then execute the corresponding action or return the required parameter value, The specific process is shown in Figure 4. That is, the above process includes the following steps:
步骤S401:上层控制系统利用预先设置的IP地址和端口号向被集成单元控制系统发起通讯请求。Step S401: The upper layer control system initiates a communication request to the integrated unit control system by using the preset IP address and port number.
步骤S402:被集成单元控制系统根据通讯请求做出正常响应后与上层控制系统建立通讯连接。Step S402: The control system of the integrated unit makes a normal response according to the communication request and then establishes a communication connection with the upper control system.
步骤S403:上层控制系统根据工艺人员的操作发出规定的数据包。Step S403: The upper-level control system sends out a specified data packet according to the operation of the craftsman.
步骤S404:被集成单元控制系统接收到数据包,对其解析后得到相应的控制指令,并据此控制被集成单元执行相应的动作或返回指定的参数,以向上层控制系统进行反馈。Step S404: The integrated unit control system receives the data packet, parses it and obtains corresponding control instructions, and controls the integrated unit to perform corresponding actions or return specified parameters, so as to feed back to the upper control system.
进一步地,由于上层控制系统需要读取的各个参数包含多种数据类型,所以可定义一个结构体变量,所有需要反馈给上层控制系统的参数均包含在这个结构体变量内,上层控制系统根据需要选择结构体中的变量,并对其进行后续的处理。通过这一思路,本发明的实施例统一了数据读取方式,并方便了程序的开发。另外,对于每一项指令,被集成单元控制系统均应给予相应的应答,确保控制系统正确收到。如果上层控制系统未在规定的时间内(预设时间)接收到任意应答,即认定通讯失败,并在控制系统软件界面上显示相应的警报信息,及时告知工艺人员。而根据本CMP集成控制系统的需要,发送的数据包主要包括以下几方面指令内容:1)建立或断开连接;2)工艺配方的选择和读取;3)装片准备和卸片结束等动作;4)读取全部状态参数。Furthermore, since each parameter that the upper-level control system needs to read contains multiple data types, a structure variable can be defined, and all parameters that need to be fed back to the upper-level control system are included in this structure variable. Select the variables in the structure and perform subsequent processing on them. Through this idea, the embodiment of the present invention unifies the data reading method and facilitates the development of the program. In addition, for each instruction, the control system of the integrated unit should give a corresponding response to ensure that the control system receives it correctly. If the upper-level control system does not receive any response within the specified time (preset time), it will be determined that the communication has failed, and the corresponding alarm information will be displayed on the control system software interface to inform the craftsman in time. According to the needs of this CMP integrated control system, the sent data packets mainly include the following instructions: 1) Establish or disconnect the connection; 2) Selection and reading of the process formula; 3) Preparation for loading and completion of unloading, etc. Action; 4) Read all state parameters.
根据本发明实施例的CMP集成控制系统,具有如下优点:The CMP integrated control system according to the embodiment of the present invention has the following advantages:
本发明的优点在于:The advantages of the present invention are:
(1)高效、实时性好、网络资源消耗低。(1) High efficiency, good real-time performance, and low consumption of network resources.
(2)便于维护,当下层控制系统(下位机组和二级工控机)需要维护或硬件器件需要更换时,如果下层各个变量的地址和原有功能保持不变,就不会影响上层控制系统(主工控机)的正常使用。(2) It is easy to maintain. When the lower control system (lower unit and secondary industrial computer) needs maintenance or hardware devices need to be replaced, if the address and original function of each variable in the lower layer remain unchanged, it will not affect the upper control system ( The normal use of the main industrial computer).
(3)良好的可扩展性,本系统如需扩展新的单元模块,只需根据新的单元模块的需要选择合适的通讯方式,通讯模块完成相应的配置与变量的追加即可,无需更改原有体系。(3) Good scalability. If the system needs to expand a new unit module, it only needs to select an appropriate communication method according to the needs of the new unit module. The communication module can complete the corresponding configuration and add variables without changing the original unit module. There is a system.
(4)安全、稳定、可靠,本系统采用OCP技术和TCP/IP通讯协议实现主工控机与下位机组和二级工控机之间的通讯,且在通讯异常时发出警报提醒工艺人员,因此,本系统为正常的数据交互提供了良好的保证。(4) Safe, stable and reliable. This system uses OCP technology and TCP/IP communication protocol to realize the communication between the main industrial computer, the lower unit and the secondary industrial computer, and sends an alarm to remind the craftsmen when the communication is abnormal. Therefore, This system provides a good guarantee for normal data interaction.
在本说明书的描述中,参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。In the description of this specification, descriptions referring to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific examples", or "some examples" mean that specific features described in connection with the embodiment or example , structure, material or characteristic is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,本领域的普通技术人员可以理解:在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由权利要求及其等同限定。Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and modifications can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
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