CN103674694A - Long-time creep fixture - Google Patents

Long-time creep fixture Download PDF

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CN103674694A
CN103674694A CN201310659618.4A CN201310659618A CN103674694A CN 103674694 A CN103674694 A CN 103674694A CN 201310659618 A CN201310659618 A CN 201310659618A CN 103674694 A CN103674694 A CN 103674694A
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arc
shaped
fixture
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main body
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于慧臣
李影
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BEIJING INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL MATERIALS CHINA AVIATION INDUSTRY GROUP Corp
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Abstract

本发明是一种持久蠕变夹具,包括:一个用于与试验机连接并承载来自试验机的拉伸载荷的柱状夹具主体,该夹具主体在径向的两侧各有一个外侧面呈圆弧段的立柱(1),立柱(1)的内侧面为垂直于径向的平面,立柱(1)的上端与夹具主体的上盖(2)连接成一体,上盖(2)的上部是一个与试验机连接的实心圆柱(3),立柱(1)的下端与夹具主体底部的圆环体(4)连接成一体;两个结构相同的圆弧段形状的座套,座套具有圆弧段半径较大的圆弧形上缘(5)、圆弧段半径较小的圆弧形下缘(6),圆弧形上缘(5)和圆弧形下缘(6)上、下错开,两者之间通过弧形筒体连接,使得座套的纵向截面呈“之”字形状;防止了夹具与试样之间的粘接,实现均匀加载并且有利于降低测试成本。

Figure 201310659618

The present invention is a durable creep fixture, comprising: a columnar fixture main body for connecting with a testing machine and carrying tensile load from the testing machine, the main body of the fixture has an outer surface in a circular arc on both sides of the radial direction The column (1) of the section, the inner surface of the column (1) is a plane perpendicular to the radial direction, the upper end of the column (1) is connected with the upper cover (2) of the fixture body, and the upper part of the upper cover (2) is a The solid cylinder (3) connected with the testing machine, the lower end of the column (1) is connected with the ring body (4) at the bottom of the fixture main body; two seat covers with the same structure in the shape of an arc segment, the seat cover has an arc The larger arc-shaped upper edge (5) of the section radius, the smaller arc-shaped lower edge (6) of the arc segment radius, the upper and lower arc-shaped upper edges (5) and the arc-shaped lower edges (6) Staggered, the two are connected by an arc-shaped cylinder, so that the longitudinal section of the seat cover is in a "zigzag"shape; it prevents the bonding between the fixture and the sample, realizes uniform loading and is conducive to reducing the test cost.

Figure 201310659618

Description

一种持久蠕变夹具A permanent creep fixture

技术领域technical field

本发明是一种持久蠕变夹具,属于力学性能测试技术领域。The invention is a durable creep fixture, which belongs to the technical field of mechanical performance testing.

背景技术Background technique

众所周知,持久和蠕变是用于描述材料在高温条件下耐受长时恒定载荷的性能。为了获得材料的持久和蠕变强度,应将材料加工成持久和蠕变试样并装入持久和蠕变试验机进行持久和蠕变测试。持久和蠕变试验机一般配有夹具以用于将试样固定到试验机上。As we all know, durability and creep are used to describe the performance of materials to withstand constant load for a long time under high temperature conditions. In order to obtain the durability and creep strength of the material, the material should be processed into a durability and creep specimen and loaded into a durability and creep testing machine for durability and creep testing. Endurance and creep testing machines are generally equipped with clamps for securing the specimens to the testing machine.

在常规的持久和蠕变试样与夹具之间,通常采用螺纹连接的方式,以通过螺纹将施加的载荷均匀地传递到试样的工作段。但这种螺纹连接方式存在高温粘接的问题。即,当在约900℃以上的温度下长时间加载试验时,由于夹具和试样表面原子在高温载荷下的相互扩散,使得夹具与试样通过螺纹粘接在一起。这种粘接导致在试验后无法将夹具和试样分开,从而造成夹具的报废和测试成本的显著提高。Between conventional permanent and creep specimens and fixtures, threaded connections are usually used to evenly transfer the applied load to the working section of the specimen through the threads. However, there is a problem of high temperature bonding in this threaded connection. That is, when the test is loaded for a long time at a temperature above about 900°C, due to the interdiffusion of atoms on the surface of the fixture and the sample under high-temperature loading, the fixture and the sample are bonded together by threads. This bonding results in the inability to separate the grips from the specimen after testing, resulting in scrapping the grips and significantly increasing the cost of testing.

为了克服上述的夹具与试样粘接的问题,已公开了一种台肩式夹具连接方式。这种台肩式连接方式存在受力不均的问题。受力不均匀性导致加载同轴性失衡,从而导致引伸计的测量计数相差较大并偏离试样实际变形量。这种不均匀的受力使得夹具在一定时间的试验后发生不均匀的变形,并由此加剧试样在后续测试中的受力不均匀性。另外,这种夹具的变形导致的夹具更换也增加测试成本。In order to overcome the above-mentioned problem of bonding between the clamp and the sample, a shoulder-type clamp connection method has been disclosed. This shoulder type connection method has the problem of uneven stress. The inhomogeneity of the force leads to the imbalance of the loading coaxiality, which leads to a large difference in the measurement count of the extensometer and deviates from the actual deformation of the sample. This uneven stress causes uneven deformation of the fixture after a certain period of time in the test, and thus aggravates the stress unevenness of the sample in subsequent tests. In addition, the fixture replacement caused by the deformation of the fixture also increases the test cost.

发明内容Contents of the invention

针对现有技术的上述问题,本发明提出一种持久蠕变夹具,其目的是防止夹具与试样之间的粘接,实现均匀加载并且有利于降低测试成本。Aiming at the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the present invention proposes a permanent creep fixture, the purpose of which is to prevent the adhesion between the fixture and the sample, realize uniform loading and help reduce the test cost.

本发明的目的是通过以下技术措施来实现的:The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical measures:

该种持久蠕变夹具,其特征在于,该夹具包括:The permanent creep clamp is characterized in that the clamp includes:

一个用于与试验机连接并承载来自试验机的拉伸载荷的柱状夹具主体,该夹具主体在径向的两侧各有一个外侧面呈圆弧段的立柱(1),立柱(1)的内侧面为垂直于径向的平面,立柱(1)的上端与夹具主体的上盖(2)连接成一体,上盖(2)的上部是一个与试验机连接的实心圆柱(3),立柱(1)的下端与夹具主体底部的圆环体(4)连接成一体;A cylindrical fixture main body used to be connected with the testing machine and bear the tensile load from the testing machine, the main fixture main body has a column (1) whose outer surface is a circular arc segment on both sides of the radial direction, and the column (1) The inner surface is a plane perpendicular to the radial direction. The upper end of the column (1) is integrated with the upper cover (2) of the fixture body. The upper part of the upper cover (2) is a solid cylinder (3) connected with the testing machine. The column The lower end of (1) is connected into one body with the ring body (4) at the bottom of the fixture main body;

两个结构相同的圆弧段形状的座套,座套具有圆弧段半径较大的圆弧形上缘(5)、圆弧段半径较小的圆弧形下缘(6),圆弧形上缘(5)和圆弧形下缘(6)上、下错开,两者之间通过弧形筒体(7)连接,使得座套的纵向截面呈“之”字形状;Two seat covers in the shape of arc segments with the same structure, the seat covers have an arc-shaped upper edge (5) with a larger radius of the arc segment, and an arc-shaped lower edge (6) with a smaller radius of the arc segment. The shaped upper edge (5) and the arc-shaped lower edge (6) are staggered up and down, and the two are connected by an arc-shaped cylinder (7), so that the longitudinal section of the seat cover is in the shape of a "zigzag";

两个圆弧段形状的座套安装在夹具主体的立柱(1)之间的圆环体(4)上,圆弧形上缘(5)和圆弧形下缘(6)两端面分别与立柱(1)的内侧面贴合,弧形筒体(7)的外侧面与圆环体(4)的内侧面贴合,圆弧形上缘(5)与圆环体(4)之间通过销钉(8)固定连接。Two arc-shaped seat covers are installed on the torus (4) between the columns (1) of the fixture main body, and the two ends of the arc-shaped upper edge (5) and the arc-shaped lower edge (6) are respectively connected to the The inner surface of the column (1) is attached, the outer surface of the arc-shaped cylinder (7) is attached to the inner surface of the torus (4), and the gap between the arc-shaped upper edge (5) and the torus (4) Secure the connection with pins (8).

夹具主体、座套和销钉(8)均由高温合金制成。The fixture main body, seat cover and pin (8) are all made of superalloy.

在工作过程中,圆弧形上缘(5)和圆弧形下缘(6)两端面分别与立柱(1)的内侧面贴合,从而通过圆弧形上缘(5)底部传递由夹具主体施加的力,该力经由座套的弧形筒体(7)传递到圆弧形下缘(6),圆弧形下缘(6)与试样(9)台肩下表面接触。During the working process, the two ends of the arc-shaped upper edge (5) and the arc-shaped lower edge (6) are attached to the inner surface of the column (1) respectively, so that the clamp is passed through the bottom of the arc-shaped upper edge (5). The force exerted by the main body is transmitted to the arc-shaped lower edge (6) through the arc-shaped cylinder (7) of the seat cover, and the arc-shaped lower edge (6) is in contact with the lower surface of the shoulder of the sample (9).

本发明技术方案的优点是:本发明所述夹具可以使试样受载面承载均匀的负载,从而避免在试验过程中由于受力不均导致的试验数据失效。另外,与夹具主体相比,座套是相对较小、制造成本较低的构件。由于座套在试验过程中代替夹具主体成为夹具破坏的主要构件,因此,可以通过只更换座套避免夹具主体的更换,从而大大降低试验成本。并且,通过销钉的固定作用,可以始终保持面接触。The advantage of the technical solution of the present invention is that the fixture of the present invention can make the loaded surface of the sample carry a uniform load, thereby avoiding the failure of test data caused by uneven force during the test process. Additionally, the seat cover is a relatively small, inexpensive to manufacture component compared to the clamp body. Since the seat cover replaces the fixture body as the main component of the fixture damage during the test, the replacement of the fixture body can be avoided by only replacing the seat cover, thereby greatly reducing the test cost. And, through the fixing effect of the pin, the surface contact can be maintained all the time.

除了适用于持久和蠕变试验以外,本发明还适用于其它高温长时恒载连接构件的连接。In addition to being applicable to endurance and creep tests, the invention is also applicable to the connection of other high-temperature long-term constant-load connection components.

根据本发明的紧凑型持久蠕变夹具,能够实现测试结果更加精确、成本更低的持久蠕变测试。According to the compact durable creep fixture of the present invention, the durable creep test with more accurate test results and lower cost can be realized.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是本发明的处于与试样配合状态中的夹具的实施例的正视剖面图Fig. 1 is the front sectional view of the embodiment of the clamp in the state of being in cooperation with the sample of the present invention

图2是本沿图1中的线B-B线切取的剖视图Figure 2 is a sectional view taken along the line B-B line in Figure 1

图3是本发明的实施例的座套的正视剖面图Fig. 3 is the front sectional view of the seat cover of the embodiment of the present invention

图4是图3的顶视图Figure 4 is a top view of Figure 3

具体实施方式Detailed ways

以下参照附图和实施例对本发明技术方案作进一步地详述:The technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

如图1~4所示,该夹具包括:As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the fixture includes:

一个用于与试验机连接并承载来自试验机的拉伸载荷的柱状夹具主体,该夹具主体在径向的两侧各有一个外侧面呈圆弧段的立柱1,立柱1的内侧面为垂直于径向的平面,立柱1的上端与夹具主体的上盖2连接成一体,上盖2的上部是一个与试验机连接的实心圆柱3,立柱1的下端与夹具主体底部的圆环体4连接成一体,圆环体4的内缘面与立柱1的内侧面相切;A cylindrical jig body used to connect with the testing machine and bear the tensile load from the testing machine. The jig body has a column 1 whose outer surface is a circular arc segment on both sides of the radial direction, and the inner surface of the column 1 is vertical. In the radial plane, the upper end of the column 1 is integrated with the upper cover 2 of the fixture body. The upper part of the upper cover 2 is a solid cylinder 3 connected to the testing machine, and the lower end of the column 1 is connected to the ring body 4 at the bottom of the fixture body. Connected into one body, the inner edge surface of the torus 4 is tangent to the inner surface of the column 1;

两个结构相同的圆弧段形状的座套,座套具有圆弧段半径较大的圆弧形上缘5、圆弧段半径较小的圆弧形下缘6,圆弧形上缘5和圆弧形下缘6上、下错开,两者之间通过弧形筒体7连接,使得座套的纵向截面呈“之”字形状;Two arc-shaped seat covers with the same structure, the seat cover has an arc-shaped upper edge 5 with a larger radius of the arc segment, an arc-shaped lower edge 6 with a smaller radius of the arc segment, and an arc-shaped upper edge 5 It is staggered up and down with the arc-shaped lower edge 6, and the two are connected by an arc-shaped cylinder 7, so that the longitudinal section of the seat cover is in the shape of a "zigzag";

两个圆弧段形状的座套安装在夹具主体的立柱1之间的圆环体4上,圆弧形上缘5和圆弧形下缘6两端面分别与立柱1的内侧面贴合,弧形筒体7的外侧面与圆环体4的内侧面贴合,圆弧形上缘5与圆环体4之间通过销钉8固定连接。Two arc-shaped seat covers are installed on the ring body 4 between the columns 1 of the fixture main body, and the two ends of the arc-shaped upper edge 5 and the arc-shaped lower edge 6 are respectively attached to the inner surface of the column 1, The outer surface of the arc-shaped cylinder 7 is attached to the inner surface of the torus 4 , and the arc-shaped upper edge 5 and the torus 4 are fixedly connected by pins 8 .

试验时,由上述两组夹具分上、下位置分别夹住试样9的两端,施加载荷,夹具所承受的载荷在夹具主体上均匀分布,销钉8可使圆弧形上缘5与圆环体4之间的接触面的受力状态始终保持均匀分布。During the test, the two ends of the sample 9 are respectively clamped by the above two sets of clamps at the upper and lower positions, and a load is applied. The load borne by the clamps is evenly distributed on the main body of the clamp, and the pin 8 can make the arc-shaped upper edge 5 and the circular arc The stress state of the contact surfaces between the ring bodies 4 is always kept evenly distributed.

夹具主体、座套和销钉8采用等轴晶高温合金、定向结晶高温合金和单晶高温合金制成,可耐受1000℃以上的温度。The clamp body, seat cover and pin 8 are made of equiaxed crystal superalloy, directional crystal superalloy and single crystal superalloy, which can withstand the temperature above 1000°C.

本发明技术方案与现有技术相比,夹具的各组成部分在长时的试验过程中始终保持大致相近且明显低于试样工作段所受应力的应力分布状态。从而,明显延长夹具的部件更换周期并提高材料的性能测试精度,并且,克服螺纹连接夹具的高温粘接的问题。Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the present invention maintains a stress distribution state that is substantially similar to and obviously lower than the stress on the working section of the sample during the long-term test process for each component part of the fixture. Therefore, the component replacement cycle of the fixture is obviously extended, the performance test accuracy of the material is improved, and the problem of high-temperature bonding of the threaded connection fixture is overcome.

Claims (2)

1.一种持久蠕变夹具,其特征在于:该夹具包括:1. A permanent creep clamp, characterized in that: the clamp comprises: 一个用于与试验机连接并承载来自试验机的拉伸载荷的柱状夹具主体,该夹具主体在径向的两侧各有一个外侧面呈圆弧段的立柱(1),立柱(1)的内侧面为垂直于径向的平面,立柱(1)的上端与夹具主体的上盖(2)连接成一体,上盖(2)的上部是一个与试验机连接的实心圆柱(3),立柱(1)的下端与夹具主体底部的圆环体(4)连接成一体;A cylindrical fixture main body used to be connected with the testing machine and bear the tensile load from the testing machine, the main fixture main body has a column (1) whose outer surface is a circular arc segment on both sides of the radial direction, and the column (1) The inner surface is a plane perpendicular to the radial direction. The upper end of the column (1) is integrated with the upper cover (2) of the fixture body. The upper part of the upper cover (2) is a solid cylinder (3) connected with the testing machine. The column The lower end of (1) is connected into one body with the ring body (4) at the bottom of the fixture main body; 两个结构相同的圆弧段形状的座套,座套具有圆弧段半径较大的圆弧形上缘(5)、圆弧段半径较小的圆弧形下缘(6),圆弧形上缘(5)和圆弧形下缘(6)上、下错开,两者之间通过弧形筒体(7)连接,使得座套的纵向截面呈“之”字形状;Two seat covers in the shape of arc segments with the same structure, the seat covers have an arc-shaped upper edge (5) with a larger radius of the arc segment, and an arc-shaped lower edge (6) with a smaller radius of the arc segment. The shaped upper edge (5) and the arc-shaped lower edge (6) are staggered up and down, and the two are connected by an arc-shaped cylinder (7), so that the longitudinal section of the seat cover is in the shape of a "zigzag"; 两个圆弧段形状的座套安装在夹具主体的立柱(1)之间的圆环体(4)上,圆弧形上缘(5)和圆弧形下缘(6)两端面分别与立柱(1)的内侧面贴合,弧形筒体(7)的外侧面与圆环体(4)的内侧面贴合,圆弧形上缘(5)与圆环体(4)之间通过销钉(8)固定连接。Two arc-shaped seat covers are installed on the torus (4) between the columns (1) of the fixture main body, and the two ends of the arc-shaped upper edge (5) and the arc-shaped lower edge (6) are respectively connected to the The inner surface of the column (1) is attached, the outer surface of the arc-shaped cylinder (7) is attached to the inner surface of the torus (4), and the gap between the arc-shaped upper edge (5) and the torus (4) Secure the connection with pins (8). 2.根据权利要求1的持久蠕变夹具,其特征在于:夹具主体、座套和销钉(8)均由高温合金制成。2. The permanent creep clamp according to claim 1, characterized in that: the clamp body, the seat cover and the pin (8) are all made of superalloy.
CN201310659618.4A 2013-12-09 2013-12-09 Long-time creep fixture Pending CN103674694A (en)

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Cited By (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103926141A (en) * 2014-04-21 2014-07-16 中南大学 Fixture system for creep test
CN109030196A (en) * 2018-08-18 2018-12-18 深圳阿尔泰克轻合金技术有限公司 A kind of metal material single shaft creep resistant test sample, fixture and method
CN110044720A (en) * 2019-03-11 2019-07-23 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 A kind of multi-functional clamp suitable for nonstandard small sample creep performance test

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CN102564850A (en) * 2011-12-31 2012-07-11 广东步步高电子工业有限公司 Double-sided adhesive tape mechanical properties multi-directional test fixture

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JPS5531974A (en) * 1978-08-30 1980-03-06 Hitachi Metals Ltd Test method for creep
CN101368893A (en) * 2008-09-27 2009-02-18 北京六建集团公司 Special fixture for curtain wall door and window metal heat insulation section bar tensile test
CN101718653A (en) * 2009-12-21 2010-06-02 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 Combined high-temperature and durable creeping clamp
CN102564850A (en) * 2011-12-31 2012-07-11 广东步步高电子工业有限公司 Double-sided adhesive tape mechanical properties multi-directional test fixture

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103926141A (en) * 2014-04-21 2014-07-16 中南大学 Fixture system for creep test
CN103926141B (en) * 2014-04-21 2016-02-24 中南大学 A kind of chucking appliance system for creep test
CN109030196A (en) * 2018-08-18 2018-12-18 深圳阿尔泰克轻合金技术有限公司 A kind of metal material single shaft creep resistant test sample, fixture and method
CN110044720A (en) * 2019-03-11 2019-07-23 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 A kind of multi-functional clamp suitable for nonstandard small sample creep performance test

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Application publication date: 20140326