CN103671654B - For manufacturing the method and friction facing of friction facing - Google Patents

For manufacturing the method and friction facing of friction facing Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103671654B
CN103671654B CN201310412397.0A CN201310412397A CN103671654B CN 103671654 B CN103671654 B CN 103671654B CN 201310412397 A CN201310412397 A CN 201310412397A CN 103671654 B CN103671654 B CN 103671654B
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
friction facing
friction
cure step
intermediate materials
liner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN201310412397.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN103671654A (en
Inventor
扬-马克·米歇尔
斯特凡·努塞尔
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hoerbiger Antriebstechnik Holding GmbH
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Hoerbiger Antriebstechnik Holding GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of CN103671654A publication Critical patent/CN103671654A/en
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Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/0266Local curing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C59/00Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C59/16Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by wave energy or particle radiation, e.g. infrared heating
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D69/02Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D69/02Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
    • F16D69/025Compositions based on an organic binder
    • F16D69/026Compositions based on an organic binder containing fibres
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/04Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould using liquids, gas or steam
    • B29C35/045Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould using liquids, gas or steam using gas or flames
    • B29C2035/046Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould using liquids, gas or steam using gas or flames dried air
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0822Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using IR radiation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2250/00Manufacturing; Assembly
    • F16D2250/0038Surface treatment
    • F16D2250/0053Hardening

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of for using following step manufacture particularly for the method for the secondary friction facing (14) of the friction of wet operation: providing the liner raw material (14 of the resin comprising that can harden first1).Then, the first cure step is carried out, in first cure step, liner raw material are by partially hardened, so that obtaining intermediate materials (142).Then, the second cure step, in second cure step, intermediate materials (14 are carried out2) further hardened, wherein the second cure step is unevenly implemented on the face of friction facing.The present invention also relates to a kind of friction facings secondary particularly for the friction of wet operation, the friction facing made of sole material (14) that the friction facing has supporting body (40) and is positioned on, it is characterized in that, the surface roughness of friction facing is non-uniform.

Description

For manufacturing the method and friction facing of friction facing
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of for manufacturing particularly for the method for the secondary friction facing of the friction of wet operation and this Friction facing.
Background technique
The friction of wet operation is secondary be particularly present in the synchronization ring of the speed changer for motor vehicle and clutch in, wherein from Clutch disk is run in oil groove.Usually using friction facing in this friction pair, the friction facing has included that friction is made Component (such as carbon fiber), the component of described rubbing action are embedded into matrix resin.Resin can be hard in two-stage Change, wherein resin is in so-called B state, and in the second cure step by partially hardened in the first cure step Further hardening.First cure step can pass through heating furnace by liner raw material to carry out.Second cure step can be It is carried out in hot pressing, in the hot pressing, the liner material of partially hardened is brought to desired end-state, such as by It is pressed into preset thickness.
This friction facing must meet different requirements in operation, and these requirements are partly contradictory.In order to institute The different rotating speeds of the secondary component of the friction of observation are rapidly mutually adapted, and the secondary surface as smooth as possible that rubs is advantageous, Because smooth surface facilitates a large amount of contact point in liner face and friction fit face and then facilitates higher coefficient of friction It is horizontal.On the contrary, if it is considered that cold switching characteristic especially in synchronous ring, in terms of quick coefficient of friction setting, compared with High surface roughness is advantageous;Coarse surface has multiple liner tips, and the liner tip is easier to wear out presence Oil film between rubbing surface and facilitate the oil extraction well from friction gap.These self-contradictory requirements are also in Fig. 1 Shown in observe in chart, curve 1 indicates the coefficient of friction in cold test relevant to surface roughness Ra herein Variation.Curve 2 shows the average friction in friction facing operation and in multiple periods with raised surface pressing step by step Coefficient.
It is observed from chart, for good cold switching characteristic, high surface roughness is advantageous, and for For high coefficient of friction under normal running (operation) conditions, it is expected that small surface roughness.So far, when using unification, continuous When friction material, it is necessary to be adjusted to surface roughness, so that realizing sum rubbing in cold switching characteristic in normal operation Wipe the matched well between coefficient.Additionally, usually by introduce macroscopic view geometric dimension slot image attempted, make oil extraction or Characteristic optimization is changed in the cold cut of liner.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to propose a kind of method for manufacturing friction facing and a kind of friction facing, wherein Not only in terms of coefficient of friction in normal operation, but also improved performance is obtained in terms of cold switching characteristic.
In order to realize the purpose, a kind of secondary rub of rubbing for manufacturing particularly for wet operation is proposed according to the present invention The method of pad, wherein using following step: providing the liner raw material of the resin comprising that can harden.Carry out the first hardening step Suddenly, in first cure step, liner raw material hardening, so that obtaining intermediate materials.Then, the second hardening step is carried out Suddenly, in second cure step, intermediate materials are further hardened, wherein the second cure step on the face of friction facing not Equably implement.Friction facing is obtained in this way, and the friction facing is integrated with different hardening states." different is hard Change " it indicates, in the friction facing of observation, the section with the first hardening state is adjacent to the portion with the second hardening state Section, wherein different sections is a part of continuous friction facing.Inhomogeneities in terms of hardening state can for example be abided by Follow preset pattern.
The present invention is based on following knowledge: hardening of resin degree impacts the roughness on surface.Lesser hardening journey Degree causes the surface of relative smooth, and the surface of the relative smooth leads to high coefficient of friction.High hardenability causes coarse Surface texture, the coarse surface texture leads to extraordinary cold performance of handoffs.According to the present invention, the knowledge is used In: it is differently hardened by friction facing, different roughness is abreast realized in same friction facing.With the side Formula obtains with high roughness and then is facilitated on friction facing the surface section of good cold performance of handoffs and has low Surface roughness so that ensure the surface section of higher coefficient of friction level.By the second cure step only for intermediate wood The a part on the surface of material carries out, and can be realized the non-uniform hardening state of friction facing.Therefore in this case, friction lining A part of piece is maintained in the hardening state (B state) generated after the first cure step, and only second part is further Hardening.As an alternative, it is also possible to, the second cure step for intermediate materials surface different sections with varying strength into Row.So, this is especially suitable for when the hardening state of resin for example generated after the first cure step is insufficient, with Just desired liner characteristic is generated.
Second cure step in particular, in that, energy is conveyed to intermediate materials, wherein the energy for acting on intermediate materials is close Degree is non-uniform.Energy can for example convey in the form of electromagnetic radiation, especially in the form of infra-red radiation.May also It is that intermediate materials are loaded by hot-air.In principle, also it can be considered that using electron beam.In this case, the peace usually improved Full measure is required, because abiding by, the protection of special ray is provided and shielding is necessary.
A preferred form of implementation according to the present invention, using template (Schablone), so as in the second cure step Middle generation inhomogeneities.It, can be with a part of extremely small consuming shielding intermediate materials, so that the energy of conveying by template Only remaining section is had an impact.
One according to the present invention preferred form of implementation is equipped with, and liner material is hot pressed into unified lining thickness.This is really It protects, although hardening state is different, friction facing has unified, continuous constant altitude.
Liner material can harden completely (but anisotropically), cut and be subsequently applied on supporting body.At this In the case of, liner material strip or be zonally made.Friction facing is cut from liner material item and is then for example pasted In synchronous ring supporting body.The advantages of the method, is that it is possible to be added by continuous manufacturing process for liner material Thus work generates low manufacturing cost.
As an alternative, it can propose, by intermediate materials cutting, be applied on supporting body and then in the second cure step Harden into friction facing.It can ensure in the manufacturing method, in each individual product, such as in each synchronous ring In, the section of the friction facing with different hardenabilities is at identical position and also with mutual same percentage In the presence of.
According to the present invention, it was also proposed that a kind of friction facing secondary particularly for the friction of wet operation, the friction facing tool The friction facing made of homogenous material for having supporting body and being positioned on, wherein the surface roughness of friction facing is uneven Even.The advantages of about obtaining, referring to above-mentioned elaboration.
Detailed description of the invention
Hereinafter, the present invention is described according to the different forms of implementation being shown in the accompanying drawings.It is shown in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 shows the chart of influence of the different surface roughnesses to the different characteristics of friction facing;
Fig. 2 schematically illustrates the method for manufacturing friction facing according to the present invention;
Fig. 3 schematically illustrates the design scheme of the alternative of the method and step of the method for Fig. 2;And
Fig. 4 shows another design scheme of method.
Specific embodiment
Bottom plate is shown by appended drawing reference 10 in Fig. 2, it can be by means of coating equipment 12 by liner raw material 141Apply On the bottom plate.The liner raw material have included the component of rubbing action, such as carbon fiber, and the tree that can be hardened Rouge.
Liner raw material 14 pass through heating furnace 16 on bottom plate 10, and in the heating furnace, resin is in so-called B shape State, that is, partly harden.Relatively with raw material, the raw material need not be applied on bottom plate, but can be with other Mode provide and then partially hardened.
After passing through heating furnace 16, there are intermediate materials 14 on bottom plate 102, the intermediate materials 142It is then subjected to Two cure steps.In this regard, the energy in the form of infra-red radiation is delivered to intermediate materials 142.For this purpose, in intermediate materials 142On be equipped with the source of infrared radiation 18, the source of infrared radiation can generate infra-red radiation, and the infra-red radiation acts on centre Material 142On.In the source of infrared radiation 18 and intermediate materials 142Between be equipped with template or partition 20, the template or partition are here In the embodiment shown by side by side, the shielding band 22 that is parallel to each other orientation forms.Shielding band 22 is parallel to the movement of bottom plate 10 Direction extends, and the infra-red radiation exported by the source of infrared radiation 18 is enabled zonally only to be applied to intermediate materials 142Do not have In the section covered by shielding band 22.
There are liner materials 14 after the second cure step terminates3, wherein band-like abreast have different hardening shapes State.Liner material 143Seeing Fig. 2 c in the section irradiated by infra-red radiation, such as in band A() in borrow with infra-red radiation wherein Help shield to compare in the covered band-like section of band 22 and more strongly harden.Therefore it due to different hardenabilities, also obtains Liner material 143Different surface roughnesses.The section lower hardened has lesser surface roughness, while strongly The section of hardening surface roughness with higher.
The alternative of the source of infrared radiation 18 shown in figure 2 is shown in FIG. 3, carries out the by the alternative Two cure steps.Hot-air H is applied in the design scheme according to Fig. 3, and energy is conveyed to centre by means of the hot-air Material 142, so as to segmental continue to harden the resin from B state.Hot-air H is conveyed to distributor 30 herein, it is described Hot-air is escaped from the distributor by nozzle 32 that is band-like, being spaced apart from each other setting.In this way, true in geometry More energy are conveyed to intermediate materials 14 compared in section aside in fixed section2, so that resin is at that into one Step hardening.
In the manufacturing method shown in figs 2 and 3, liner material 143It is manufactured in continuous process.So, friction facing It can be cut from obtain in this way, strip or band-like liner material with desired shape and be applied to supporting body On, such as be applied on synchronous ring.When desired, additionally it is possible to hot pressing liner material, to establish specific lining thickness.This energy It is enough to be carried out before or after dividing liner material and also after liner material is applied on supporting body.
In the manufacturing method shown in figure 2 and figure 3, due to carrying out the station of the second cure step in bottom plate 10 and wherein Relative movement between point, obtains the inhomogeneities of the belt like shape in terms of surface roughness and hardening state.In other words, exist Side transverse to the moving direction of bottom plate 10 looks up, hardening state be it is non-uniform, because of hardening state with higher Section replace with the section of lower hardening state.But when expending slightly higher, even if in use in longitudinal side In the case where the bottom plate 10 moved up, the complicated pattern about different hardening states also can be realized.For example, can make With cylindrical barricade, the source of infrared radiation and the barricade are set within the barricade so that its superficial velocity It is rotated with the consistent speed of movement speed of supporting body 10.Thereby, it is possible to generate during continuous present in the pattern Different hardenabilities, the pattern are default by the portion of leaving a blank being arranged in pattern in cylindrical partition.
The manufacturing method of alternative is schematically illustrated in Fig. 4.In the manufacturing method, using liner material as intermediate wood Material 142It is applied on supporting body 40, and by intermediate materials 142The second cure step is carried out after being placed on supporting body 40. For this purpose, the radiation of the radiation source is according to preset pattern (referring to example herein using the radiation source 50 schematically shown Pattern 52,54,56) act on liner material.Partition is also able to use to this.In this way, real for each friction facing Now arrange the section with different hardenabilities in the same manner always.
As long as it is expected that even if hot pressing can be carried out after the second cure step terminates in the manufacturing method according to Fig. 4 Step.

Claims (17)

1. a kind of friction facing, the friction facing is made of unique composite material, and the composite material includes the resin of hardening, It is characterized in that, the friction facing (14) has non-uniform hardening state, limited wherein the friction facing (14) has The first section and restriction the second section, first section have the first hardening state and first surface roughness, institute The second section is stated with the second hardening state and second surface roughness.
2. friction facing according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the inhomogeneities of the hardening state follows preset Pattern.
3. friction facing according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that there are the face region of restriction, surface roughness exists It is bigger compared in adjacent face region in the face region of the restriction.
4. friction facing according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the friction facing is used for the friction of wet operation It is secondary.
5. a kind of for using following step manufacture according to claim 1 to the method for friction facing described in one of 4 (14):
The liner raw material (14 of resin comprising that can harden are provided1),
The first cure step is carried out, in first cure step, the liner raw material are by partially hardened, so that obtaining Intermediate materials (142),
Carry out the second cure step, in second cure step, the intermediate materials (142) continue to harden, so that obtaining Obtain liner material (143), wherein second cure step is unevenly implemented on the face of the friction facing.
6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, second cure step is only for the intermediate materials (142) surface a part carry out.
7. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, second cure step is directed to the intermediate materials (142) The different sections on surface carried out with varying strength.
8. the method according to one of claim 5 to 7, which is characterized in that inhomogeneities follows pattern.
9. the method according to one of claim 5 to 7, which is characterized in that second cure step is energy is defeated Give the intermediate materials (142), wherein acting on the intermediate materials (142) energy density be non-uniform.
10. according to the method described in claim 9, it is characterized in that, the intermediate materials (142) irradiated by electromagnetic radiation.
11. according to the method described in claim 9, it is characterized in that, the intermediate materials (142) loaded by hot-air.
12. the method according to one of claim 5 to 7, which is characterized in that use template (20), so as to described second Inhomogeneities is generated in cure step.
13. the method according to one of claim 5 to 7, which is characterized in that the liner material (143) it is hot pressed into unification Lining thickness.
14. the method according to one of claim 5 to 7, which is characterized in that the liner material (143) by fully hard Change, cuts and be subsequently applied on supporting body (40).
15. the method according to one of claim 5 to 7, which is characterized in that the intermediate materials (142) cut, apply On to supporting body (40) and then friction facing is hardened into the second cure step.
16. the method according to one of claim 5 to 7, which is characterized in that the friction facing is used for the friction of wet operation It is secondary.
17. according to the method described in claim 10, it is characterized in that, the intermediate materials (142) radiated and irradiated by IR.
CN201310412397.0A 2012-09-11 2013-09-11 For manufacturing the method and friction facing of friction facing Expired - Fee Related CN103671654B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012017874.3 2012-09-11
DE201210017874 DE102012017874A1 (en) 2012-09-11 2012-09-11 Method for producing a friction lining and friction lining

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CN103671654A CN103671654A (en) 2014-03-26
CN103671654B true CN103671654B (en) 2019-06-28

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FR2995377A1 (en) 2014-03-14
FR2995377B1 (en) 2017-11-24
CN103671654A (en) 2014-03-26
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