CN103667491A - 一种核酸测序方法 - Google Patents

一种核酸测序方法 Download PDF

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CN103667491A
CN103667491A CN201310681260.5A CN201310681260A CN103667491A CN 103667491 A CN103667491 A CN 103667491A CN 201310681260 A CN201310681260 A CN 201310681260A CN 103667491 A CN103667491 A CN 103667491A
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nucleic acid
enzyme
exonuclease
sequencing
digested product
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韩坤
白鹏利
缪鹏
程文播
刘涛
钱俊
唐玉国
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Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology of CAS
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种将核酸酶切反应用于核酸测序的方法。该方法包括以下步骤:1)用酶对核酸靶序列酶切、降解,生成酶切产物;2)对酶切产物进行检测,最终得到核酸序列信息。本案提供的利用核酸切酶进行靶序列切割、对未知序列进行测定的方法是利用核酸切酶的生物降解性,通过对降解生成的酶切产物进行测序实现对核酸序列的测定。

Description

一种核酸测序方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于基因测序的方法,特别涉及一种利用核酸外切酶进行靶序列切割对未知序列进行测定的方法。
背景技术
二十世纪七十年代,英国生物化学家Sanger与美国生物化学家Gilbert分别建立了DNA末端终止法和化学降解法两种基于不同原理的核酸测序技术,开创了现代核酸测序技术的发展的先河。Sanger和Gilbert都因此获得了诺贝尔化学奖。
化学降解法的基本原理是化学试剂处理末段DNA片段,造成碱基的特异性切割,产生一组具有各种不同长度的DNA链的反应混合物,经凝胶电泳分离,最后通过数据分析实现测序。化学降解法因为涉及使用大量有机溶剂,一直停步不前。
末端中止法是当代基因测序的主要方法。末端终止法的基本原理是通过在核酸合成过程中,引入带有不同信号标记的ddNTP,使核酸序列在合成过程中随机终止,之后通过电泳或者信号识别技术,对不同信号进行读取,实现测序。该方法虽然十分可靠,但因其每一信号最多只能提供有关一个碱基的信息,测序速度受到限制,更为重要的是,这一方法要求一段已知的基因序列作为测序的基础,这种对已知序列的依赖性,极大地减慢了这一方法在未知序列测序时的速度。此外,这一方法放大效率有限,常常需要对待测基因先进行放大。这一方法既费时,实际上还是一种间接的测序方法。
另外,目前所有与测序有关的酶法包括经典的末端终止法和最近发展的单碱基延伸法,其标记途径均通过双脱氧三磷酸核苷酸,由于双脱氧三磷酸核苷酸不能脱水而具有终止延伸的作用,其反应为单向引物延伸过程,由于双脱氧三磷酸核苷酸在单向引物延伸中的应用,而使引物延伸的放大效率仅与反应循环次数成正比。在没有双脱氧三磷酸核苷酸的双向引物延伸反应中,效率是与反应循环次数的二次方成正比的。焦磷酸测序技术则需要将四种不同dNTP的试剂分别轮流加入反应体系,以检测反应中掉落的焦磷酸,然后进行冲洗。步骤繁琐,试剂消耗量较大。
核酸外切酶能从DNA或RNA链的一端逐个水解生成单核苷酸,利用核酸外切酶的这一特性进行基因测序可避免上述问题。
基于以上所述,一种用于基因测序的新型酶法的开发很有必要性。
发明内容
针对上述技术中存在的不足之处,本发明提供了一种利用核酸外切酶进行靶序列切割对未知序列进行测定的方法,该方法包括以下步骤,1)用核酸切酶对靶序列进行切割、降解,生成酶切产物;2)对酶切产物的检测,以得到序列分析。
优选地是,所述的利用核酸外切酶进行靶序列切割对未知序列进行测定的方法,其中所述核酸切酶为核酸外切酶。
本发明提供的利用核酸外切酶进行靶序列切割对未知序列进行测定的方法特点是:直接、简单。使用本发明测定基因序列既不要求一段已知的序列作为测序的基础,也不要求对待测模板预先进行放大。
本发明有益效果:避免了大量有机溶剂的使用:和传统的化学降解法相比,本方法无需大量使用有机溶剂;减少或避免因大量扩增引入的错误信息:本方法无需大量的核酸扩增,针对靶分子本身或者少数几次的扩增产物进行测序,有效避免了因为PCR扩增所引入的突变和错误;减少或避免因对靶分子的改造引入的错误信息:本方法保持靶分子和降解过程的天然状态,避免了非自然分子参与核酸降解的过程,从而最大程度的保证了测序的准确性;有效的减少了操作步骤和试剂的使用:和现有技术相比,本方法无需带有不同种信号分子的碱基(A、T、C、G)重复加入、洗脱的步骤。在核酸降解的原始体系之外,从时间上或者空间上实现对不同碱基的区分和识别。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述的核酸测序方法中外切酶剪切靶序列示意图。
具体实施方式:
实施例1:利用大肠杆菌核酸外切酶III(exo III)降解双链DNA分子中的磷酸二酯键。催化双链DNA按3′→5′的方向从3′-OH末端释放5′-单核苷酸,之后通过检测释放的单核苷酸逐一检测,实现测序。
实施例2:利用λ噬菌体核酸外切酶(λexo)催化降解双链DNA分子从5′-P末端进行逐步的水解释放出5′-单核苷酸,之后通过检测释放的单核苷酸逐一检测,实现测序。
实施例3:利用大肠杆菌核酸外切酶I(exo I)降解单链DNA分子,对切割产物进行识别和测序,从而实现对全序列的测序。
实施例4:利用大肠杆菌核酸外切酶Ⅶ(exoVII)降解单链DNA分子,对切割产物进行识别和测序,从而实现对全序列的测序。
实施例5:利用大肠杆菌核酸外切酶III(exo III)、λ噬菌体核酸外切酶(λexo)、大肠杆菌核酸外切酶I(exo I)、大肠杆菌核酸外切酶Ⅶ(exoⅦ)等各种核酸酶中两种或多种组合,对靶序列进行切割、降解,对酶切产物进行检测识别,从而实现对靶分子的测序。
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上,但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用,它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域,对于熟悉本领域的人员而言,可容易地实现另外的修改,因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下,本发明并不限于特定的细节和这里示出与描述的图例。

Claims (2)

1.一种核酸测序方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤,
1)用核酸酶对靶序列进行切割、降解,生成酶切产物;
2)对酶切产物进行检测,以得到核酸序列信息。
2.一种核酸测序方法,其特征在于,所述核酸切酶为核酸外切酶。
CN201310681260.5A 2013-12-13 2013-12-13 一种核酸测序方法 Pending CN103667491A (zh)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104297221B (zh) * 2014-09-28 2017-01-25 南京诺唯赞生物科技有限公司 一种λ核酸外切酶活性测定方法
CN106575322A (zh) * 2014-06-26 2017-04-19 10X基因组学有限公司 核酸序列装配的方法和系统

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1894421A (zh) * 2003-09-12 2007-01-10 英特尔公司 通过拉曼散射增强核苷酸信号的方法
CN1977053A (zh) * 2004-04-09 2007-06-06 波士顿大学信托人 从头检测核酸中的序列的方法:通过片段化进行的导向测序

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1894421A (zh) * 2003-09-12 2007-01-10 英特尔公司 通过拉曼散射增强核苷酸信号的方法
CN1977053A (zh) * 2004-04-09 2007-06-06 波士顿大学信托人 从头检测核酸中的序列的方法:通过片段化进行的导向测序

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106575322A (zh) * 2014-06-26 2017-04-19 10X基因组学有限公司 核酸序列装配的方法和系统
CN106575322B (zh) * 2014-06-26 2019-06-18 10X基因组学有限公司 核酸序列装配的方法和系统
AU2015279546B2 (en) * 2014-06-26 2021-04-08 10X Genomics, Inc. Processes and systems for nucleic acid sequence assembly
CN104297221B (zh) * 2014-09-28 2017-01-25 南京诺唯赞生物科技有限公司 一种λ核酸外切酶活性测定方法

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