A kind of preparation method of the poly-lactic acid material for 3D printing
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of 3D printed material, be specifically related to a kind of preparation method of the poly-lactic acid material for 3D printing.
Background technology
3D printing technique is also known as increasing material manufacturing technology, be actually a kind of emerging technology in rapid shaping field, it is a kind of based on digital model file, uses powdery metal or plastics etc. can jointing material, is carried out the technology of constructed object by the mode successively printed.Ultimate principle is layered manufacturing, successively increases the technology that material generates 3D solid.At present, 3D printing technique is divided into again individual 3D printing technique and industrial 3D printing technique, and individual 3D printing technique receives the high praise of each side personage and likes, prospect is very wide.
In individual 3D printing technique, conventional a kind of technical matters is melted extrusion modeling forming technique (FDM), principle utilizes thermoplastic, polymeric materials in the molten state, squeeze out from shower nozzle, solidify and form the thin layer of outline shape, then superpose from level to level and finally form product.Therefore the macromolecular material that individual 3D prints needs to have excellent processing characteristics, namely not only lower melt temperature to be had, good melt fluidity and fast cooling time, also must have very little cooling meat rate and homogeneous structure, so just can not occur when 3D printing shaping that interiors of products stress distribution is uneven different with cooling meat rate, cause the underproof problem of the product printed.
Individual 3D conventional in the market prints macromolecular material mainly poly(lactic acid), ABS resin (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer), nylon etc., and have nontoxic due to poly(lactic acid), without pungent smell, higher tensile strength, modulus of compression, melt temperature is lower, excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, cooling meat rate is little, and the plurality of advantages such as transparent easy dyeing are more subject to liking of people and pay close attention to; But the matter that poly(lactic acid) has is hard, toughness is poor, shortage is flexible and elasticity, its application on the individual 3D printing technique of very easily diastrophic drawbacks limit.
Also little as the modification technology documents and materials of individual 3D printed material for poly(lactic acid) at present.Due to the backwardness of technological method and equipment, the traditional material modified and method of many uses is carried out the poly-lactic acid material of modification and is not suitable for individual 3D printing technique.In traditional method of modifying, the material modified of filling blend does not spread out completely in poly(lactic acid) system, thus cause the interiors of products stress distribution when 3D printing shaping uneven different with cooling meat rate, processing characteristics obviously reduces, thus, can correct modification method for preparing be selected to meet and be suitable for the requirement of 3D printing technique to material to modified poly-lactic acid material be very crucial.
China Patent Publication No. CN103146164A discloses a kind of poly-lactic acid material nano material toughened for rapid shaping and preparation method thereof, the method utilizes twin screw extruder to carry out blending extrusion modification to polyacrylic acid ester microsphere and poly(lactic acid), improve the defect of poly(lactic acid) poor toughness, but polyacrylic acid ester microsphere add the heterogeneity causing poly(lactic acid) system structure, processing characteristics obviously reduces, and has had a strong impact on the printing shaping of product.
China Patent Publication No. CN103087489A discloses a kind of modified polylactic acid material and preparation method thereof, the method polyether polyamide elastomer and polynite are as properties-correcting agent, modified device is done with twin screw extruder, enhance tensile strength and the toughness of poly(lactic acid), but directly by polyether polyamide elastomer in the method, polynite and the blended instrument blending extrusion of poly(lactic acid) twin screw, equipment is single, the blended time is short, cause the polyether polyamide elastomer of filling blend and polynite not to spread out completely in poly(lactic acid) system and form homogeneous structure, during printing shaping, interiors of products stress dispersion is uneven different with cooling meat rate, poor processability, thus the toughening modified polylactic acid material that prepared by this preparation method is not suitable for 3D printing technique.
China Patent Publication No. CN102134381A discloses a kind of modified polylactic acid material and preparation method thereof, in the method, toughness reinforcing heat-resistant elastomer properties-correcting agent and polylactic acid blend are extruded modification, namely the defect of the poor toughness of poly(lactic acid) is improved, also improve the heat resisting temperature of poly(lactic acid), but be also the method for modifying adopting direct blending extrusion in the method, reduce the processing characteristics of poly(lactic acid), be not also suitable for 3D printing technique.
Above-mentioned is all adopt co-blending elastic body to improve toughness, and owing to have employed elastomerics, preparation method is single backwardness also, and modified poly(lactic acid) processing characteristics obviously reduces, and is not suitable for 3D and prints.Poly-lactic acid material is wanted to be widely used in individual 3D printing technique, the material modified selection of polydactyl acid and preparation method are very important, and can be affects modified polylactic acid material meet and be suitable for the important factor of 3D printing technique to the requirement of material.
Summary of the invention
There is equipment for current poly-lactic acid material modification method for preparing single, the defect that technological method falls behind, the present invention proposes a kind of preparation method of the poly-lactic acid material for 3D printing.For achieving the above object, the present invention first utilizes ultrasonication technology that nano inorganic toughner coupling agent is carried out organic modification of surface, again the nano inorganic toughner through modification carried out with poly(lactic acid), softening agent, dispersion agent grinding, disperse, mix, eventually pass extruding pelletization, drawing process, the obtained toughening modified polylactic acid material being applicable to 3D and printing.
The concrete preparation method of a kind of poly(lactic acid) for 3D printing of the present invention is as follows:
1) coupling agent of the nano inorganic toughner of 10-25 weight part, 0.5-2 weight part, appropriate solvent are added people in reactor, under the stirring velocity of the temperature of 60 DEG C, 100-300r/min, with ultrasonication reaction 1-3h discharging, dry, grind the nano inorganic toughner obtaining organic modification of surface process;
2) poly(lactic acid) of the nano inorganic toughner of the organic modification of surface process obtained in step 1) and 60-85 weight part, the softening agent of 1-3 weight part, the dispersion agent of 1-5 weight part joined in planetary ball mill, carry out grinding under the speed of 300-450r/min, disperse, combination treatment 1-2h discharging obtains mixture;
3) by step 2) the mixture twin screw extruder mixing extruding pelletization that obtains, the time that material stops in an extruder is 5-8 minute.Double-screw extruder screw diameter is 75mm, and length-to-diameter ratio is 52:1, and extruder temperature is set as successively: 120-125 DEG C, 125-135 DEG C, 135-145 DEG C, 130-140 DEG C, 135-140 DEG C, die head temperature 145-155 DEG C;
4) by step 3) in institute granulation drying baker extrude with single screw extrusion machine after dry 2-3 hour at the temperature of 50 DEG C and be processed into the filament that diameter is 1.75mm, 3mm, diameter error is within 5%.Single screw extrusion machine screw diameter is 75mm, and length-to-diameter ratio is 20:1, and extruder temperature is set as successively: 125-135 DEG C, 130-140 DEG C, 135-145 DEG C, 140-150 DEG C, 145-155 DEG C, die head temperature 145-155 DEG C.
In a kind of preparation method of the poly(lactic acid) printed for 3D, wherein said planetary ball mill utilizes abrasive material and test portion to roll at a high speed in grinding pot, material is produced to strong shear, impacts, rolls the object equipment reaching pulverizing, grinding, dispersion, emulsifying material, primarily of feed portion, discharging portion, rotating part, driving section (step-down gear, small transmission gear, motor, automatically controlled) composition.
In a kind of preparation method of the poly-lactic acid material printed for 3D, wherein said nano inorganic toughner is length-to-diameter ratio >=20:1, the sea of granularity≤10nm is embraced in mineral wool, brucite fiber, calcium carbonate crystal whisker, polygorskite fiber one or more; Described dispersion agent is one or more in triethyl hexyl phosphoric acid, sodium lauryl sulphate, methyl amyl alcohol, guar gum.
The present invention adopts ultrasonic wave and coupling agent to carry out organic modification of surface process to nano inorganic toughner, makes nano inorganic toughner in poly(lactic acid), have excellent stability and consistency; And adopt the technical matters of grinding, disperseing, mixing, extrude, nano inorganic toughner better can be spread out in poly(lactic acid) system, the poly(lactic acid) of the method modification is used not only to have high excellent toughness and tensile strength, also do not affect the processing stability of poly(lactic acid) when 3D printing shaping, can be widely used in 3D printing technique.
The feature that the present invention gives prominence to is:
1, the present invention adopts ultrasonic wave and coupling agent to carry out organic modification of surface process to nano inorganic toughner, makes nano inorganic toughner in poly(lactic acid), have excellent stability and consistency.
2, the present invention's technical matters of adopting grinding, disperseing, mix, extrude, nano inorganic toughner better can be spread out in poly(lactic acid) system and form homogeneous structure, during modified poly-lactic acid material printing shaping, interiors of products stress distribution evenly, cooling meat rate is identical, there is excellent forming stability, and toughness and tensile strength more excellent.
3, production process of the present invention is simple, easy to operate, is easy to suitability for industrialized production.
Embodiment
Below by way of embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but this should be interpreted as scope of the present invention is only limitted to following example.When not departing from aforesaid method thought of the present invention, the various replacement made according to ordinary skill knowledge and customary means or change, all should be within the scope of the present invention.
embodiment 1
1) titanate coupling agent of the nanometer sepiolite fibre of 10 weight parts, 0.5 weight part, appropriate deionized water are added people in reactor, under the stirring velocity of the temperature of 60 DEG C, 300r/min, with ultrasonication reaction 1h discharging, dry, grind the nano inorganic toughner obtaining organic modification of surface process;
2) poly(lactic acid) of the nano inorganic toughner of the organic modification of surface process obtained in step 1) and 85 weight parts, the fatty group dibasic acid of 3 weight parts, the triethyl hexyl phosphoric acid of 3 weight parts joined in planetary ball mill, carry out grinding under the speed of 300r/min, disperse, combination treatment 1h discharging obtains mixture;
3) by step 2) in the compound twin screw extruder mixing extruding pelletization that obtains, the time that material stops in an extruder is 5 minutes.Double-screw extruder screw diameter is 75mm, and length-to-diameter ratio is 52:1, and extruder temperature is set as successively: 120 DEG C, 125 DEG C, 135 DEG C, 140 DEG C, 145 DEG C, die head temperature 155 DEG C;
4) by step 3) in institute granulation extrude with single screw extrusion machine after dry 2 hours at the temperature of 50 DEG C and be processed into the filament that diameter is 1.75mm, single screw extrusion machine screw diameter is 75mm, length-to-diameter ratio is 20:1, extruder temperature is set as successively: 125 DEG C, 130 DEG C, 135 DEG C, 140 DEG C, 145 DEG C, die head temperature 155 DEG C.
The PLA mixed and modified through single twin-screw extrusion is carried out detection with the salient features of the PLA after present method modification contrast, its comparison and detection result is as follows:
Test item
|
Tradition modification PLA
|
Present method modification PLA
|
Pure PLA
|
Tensile strength (MPa) |
66 |
85 |
54 |
Elongation at break (%) |
53 |
83 |
6 |
Melt flow index (g/min) |
4.2 |
4.9 |
5.6 |
embodiment 2
1) the organic complex compound coupling agent of the nanometer brucite fiber of 25 weight parts, 2 weight parts, appropriate deionized water are added people in reactor, under the stirring velocity of the temperature of 60 DEG C, 200r/min, with ultrasonication reaction 2h discharging, dry, grind the nano inorganic toughner obtaining organic modification of surface process;
2) poly(lactic acid) of the nano inorganic toughner of the organic modification of surface process obtained in step 1) and 60 weight parts, the benzoic ether of 3 weight parts, the sodium lauryl sulphate of 5 weight parts joined in planetary ball mill, carry out grinding under the speed of 400r/min, disperse, combination treatment 2h discharging obtains mixture;
3) by step 2) in the compound twin screw extruder mixing extruding pelletization that obtains, the time that material stops in an extruder is 6 minutes.Double-screw extruder screw diameter is 75mm, and length-to-diameter ratio is 20:1, and extruder temperature is set as successively: 120 DEG C, 125 DEG C, 135 DEG C, 140 DEG C, 140 DEG C, die head temperature 145 DEG C;
4) by step 3) in institute granulation extrude with single screw extrusion machine after dry 2.5 hours at the temperature of 50 DEG C and be processed into the filament that diameter is 1.75mm, single screw extrusion machine screw diameter is 75mm, length-to-diameter ratio is 20:1, extruder temperature is set as successively: 125 DEG C, 130 DEG C, 135 DEG C, 140 DEG C, 145 DEG C, die head temperature 145 DEG C.
Contrast carrying out detection through the salient features of the mixed and modified PLA of single twin-screw extrusion and the PLA after present method modification and pure PLA, its comparison and detection result is as follows:
Test item
|
Tradition modification PLA
|
Present method modification PLA
|
Pure PLA
|
Tensile strength (MPa) |
69 |
83 |
54 |
Elongation at break (%) |
51 |
85 |
6 |
Melt flow index (g/min) |
4.1 |
4.7 |
5.6 |
embodiment 3
1) the nano-calcium carbonate calcium pyroborate of 15 weight parts, the aluminated compound coupling agent of 1 weight part, appropriate deionized water are added people in reactor, under the stirring velocity of the temperature of 60 DEG C, 150r/min, with ultrasonication reaction 1h discharging, dry, grind the nano inorganic toughner obtaining organic modification of surface process;
2) poly(lactic acid) of the nano inorganic toughner of the organic modification of surface process obtained in step 1) and 70 weight parts, the citrate of 2 weight parts, the methyl amyl alcohol of 2 weight parts joined in planetary ball mill, carry out grinding under the speed of 350r/min, disperse, combination treatment 1h discharging obtains mixture;
3) by step 2) in the compound twin screw extruder mixing extruding pelletization that obtains, the time that material stops in an extruder is 8 minutes.Double-screw extruder screw diameter is 75mm, and length-to-diameter ratio is 20:1, and extruder temperature is set as successively: 120 DEG C, 125 DEG C, 130 DEG C, 140 DEG C, 145 DEG C, die head temperature 150 DEG C;
4) by step 3) in institute granulation extrude with single screw extrusion machine after dry 3 hours at the temperature of 50 DEG C and be processed into the filament that diameter is 3mm, single screw extrusion machine screw diameter is 75mm, length-to-diameter ratio is 20:1, extruder temperature is set as successively: 125 DEG C, 130 DEG C, 135 DEG C, 140 DEG C, 140 DEG C, die head temperature 150 DEG C.
Contrast carrying out detection through the salient features of the mixed and modified PLA of single twin-screw extrusion and the PLA after present method modification and pure PLA, its comparison and detection result is as follows:
Test item
|
Tradition modification PLA
|
Present method modification PLA
|
Pure PLA
|
Tensile strength (MPa) |
67 |
81 |
54 |
Elongation at break (%) |
54 |
90 |
6 |
Melt flow index (g/min) |
4.2 |
5.0 |
5.6 |