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A kind of construction process of staged subsurface flow constructed wetland system
Description
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Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of construction process of artificial swamp, especially a kind of construction process of staged subsurface flow constructed wetland system.
Background technology
Along with urbanization and regional economy fast development, there is eutrophication in the city appearance water bodies such as many residential quarters water body, park water and river course.Body eutrophication is caused to have many factors or by many factors comprehensive action, from city appearance water body present situation, mainly comprise contaminating endogenous material in water body and bed mud, do not enter to receive the exogenous pollutions such as the part sanitary wastewater of dirty pipeline, rainfall runoff and the unprocessed waste water containing hazardous and noxious substances.For the situation of landscape water eutrophication, except carrying out corresponding physics, chemistry and engineering measure, cleanup form such as employing hydrophyte restoration and reconstruction, artificial wet land system or bio-oxidation pond etc. is the both economy under domestic and international the present art, the treatment process of environmental protection again.
Artificial swamp is on the purification function basis of natural bioremediation, by manually by media such as gravel, sand, soil according to a certain percentage, and the Sewage treatment systems that planting aquatic plants is formed.It is generally made up of five parts: (a) has the matrix of water-permeable; B () is good supports the microorganism with anaerobism; (c) waterplant; D () is without vertebra or vertebrates; (e) water body.Artificial swamp is matrix, plant, the coefficient result of microorganism to dirty water purification, and wherein, waterplant is integral part important in artificial wet land treating system.Plant provides microorganism growth environment (particularly nitrobacteria) in wet land treating system, but too increases the residence time of water diffusion, produces and transports oxygen.Plant by absorbing, assimilate, change self component into, directly absorbed nitrogen, phosphorus etc. from sewage, be considered to one of the important channel of artificial swamp removal nitrogen, phosphorus.
Dispose of sewage about artificial wet land system, the first place in the world of being considered to building Britain Yorkshire Earby for 1903 in runs to 1992 for the treatment of the artificial swamp of sewage always continuously.In nineteen fifty-three, Seidel and Kichuth of Germany finds that reed can remove organic and inorganics in a large number, further research shows that some bacteriums are by also disappearing after reed planting, 1977, after Seidel and Kichuth proposes root district method (TheRoot-zone Method) theory, artificial swamp is made to become a kind of sewage disposal technology of uniqueness, start to walk out laboratory, extend to large-scale practical application.The research of China's artificial swamp starts from the enforcement period of the seventh five-year plan, the first adopt the research work of Wastewater Treatment by Constructed Wetlands to start from surface current artificial wetland that 1989 ~ nineteen ninety carries out at Changping County, Beijing, take up an area 2ha, treatment capacity is sanitary sewage and the trade effluent of 500t/d; After nineteen ninety, in succession build up various types of artificial swamps such as Treating Municipal Sewage, agricultural run-off sewage, trade effluent on Shenzhen white clay hole, Tianjin, Shandong, Shanghai, Wuhan and other places.
How in the plane the shortcoming of current Common Artificial wetland constructing system construction process is, and is main purpose with purifying contaminated, less consideration landscape factors.
Summary of the invention
For above deficiency, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of construction process of staged subsurface flow constructed wetland system, according to pollution load and Site characteristic, determine the sum of series planting bed size of ladder drowned flow artificial wet land planting bed, and it is combined with surrounding landscape.
A construction process for staged subsurface flow constructed wetland system, comprising:
(1) coastal belt choosing band slope is as wetland pond or excavate landfill and go out wetland pond with slope;
(2) classification filling substrate: according to the slope discrepancy in elevation and pollution load, design progression, every one-level wetland is filling substrate respectively;
(3) water vent, posticum and prosopyle are set: arrange prosopyle at the influent side of first step wetland, between every grade of wetland, water vent is set, in the end the water outlet side of one-level wetland sets out water hole, wherein, by influent side to water outlet side, be followed successively by first step wetland, second stage wetland, third stage wetland ... to last step wetland, the level height of first step wetland is the highest;
(4) serike: difference serike on every one-level wetland.
Preferably, before filling substrate, can arrange slope, arrange between slope and every one-level wetland, make the matrix of filling parallel with the water surface.
Preferably, to choose or the gradient on above-mentioned slope excavated is 10 °-45 °.
Preferably, the influent side of above-mentioned first step wetland is provided with collection device, and above-mentioned prosopyle is between collection device and first step wetland.
Generally according to the discrepancy in elevation and the maximum assembling area area on slope, the situations such as the pollution flooding quantity of calculating and pollution load, design corresponding scale and progression.Preferably, above-mentioned progression is for being generally 3-7 level.
Wherein, maximum assembling area area refers to will naturally enter these areas such as the rainwater that builds staged subsurface flow constructed wetland system or miscellaneous water.
Preferably, the aperture of prosopyle is 50mm-100mm, the aperture of water vent is 50mm-100mm, the aperture of posticum is 50mm-100mm.
The general draining hole count determining every grade of wetland according to flooding velocity, water vent is the posticum of upper level, is also the prosopyle of next stage, by that analogy.Draining hole count between above-mentioned adjacent wetland is for being more than or equal to 1; Above-mentioned prosopyle hole count is for being more than or equal to 1; Above-mentioned water outlet hole count is for being more than or equal to 1.For preventing filling substrate from blocking posticum, layer of steel wire filter screen can be set at the feed-water end in water hole (comprising water vent, prosopyle, posticum), and adjust the Inlet and outlet water situation between staged current wetland at different levels.
Preferably, the particle diameter of above-mentioned matrix is 10mm-50mm.Preferably fill according to size layering, the placement lower floor that particle diameter is little, upper strata filling substrate is micro-lower than pool wall height.The general brick mix structure of pool wall, also can make with other long life materials.
Above-mentioned stromal thickness is 250mm-350mm, and above-mentioned wetland pool wall height is 300mm-400mm.
Preferably, above-mentioned every grade of wetland plants a kind of plant, plants not kindred plant between above-mentioned adjacent wetland, and above-mentioned plant is aquatic or hygrophyte.According to pollutant type and concentration, select matrix and aquatic hygrophyte kind.Aquatic hygrophyte should choose that high adsorption capacity, fibrous root are many, plant-growth amount large, should maintenance, the good kind of landscape effect (plant in such as table 1).In the superior and the subordinate's pond planting plants kind collocation, the kind that detergent power is strong is planted in upper strata, and considers plant habit, attractive in appearance and coordination.
Table 1 is applicable to the aquatic hygrophyte main species list of staged subsurface flow constructed wetland system
Preferably, the wetland pond on above-mentioned band slope is coastal belt, and above-mentioned coastal belt is nature slight slope or hardened cement slope.
Preferably, the posticum of last step wetland exceeds the ordinary water level 50mm-150mm receiving water body.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) system that the present invention builds does not impact landscape water body coastal belt structure.
(2) system that the present invention builds has good cleaning action to the glassware for drinking water entering river course and landscape water pollution, and particularly to pollutant purification successfuls such as SS, oils and COD, heavy metal, TN and TP also have better removal effect.
(3) purification function is incorporated coastal belt greening by the system that the present invention builds, and has enriched coastal belt landscape diversity, has promoted its overall landscape effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Examples of the present invention will be described by way of reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the artificial wet land system that the method for the present embodiment 1 builds.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the wetlands at different levels of the present embodiment 1.
Mark in figure: 1 is slope; 2 is wetland at different levels; 3 is prosopyle; 4 is water vent; 5 is posticum; 6 is the water surface; 7 for filling finishing part; 8 is plant; 9 is matrix, and 10 is collection device.
Embodiment
All features disclosed in this specification sheets, or the step in disclosed all methods or process, except mutually exclusive feature and/or step, all can combine by any way.
Arbitrary feature disclosed in this specification sheets (comprising any accessory claim, summary and accompanying drawing), unless specifically stated otherwise, all can be replaced by other equivalences or the alternative features with similar object.That is, unless specifically stated otherwise, each feature is an example in a series of equivalence or similar characteristics.
The staged subsurface flow constructed wetland system that the construction process being illustrated in figure 1 the present embodiment builds, this system is for certain black smelly river regulation.River course is positioned at old town, and both sides, river course have the sloping bank of the gradient about 30 degree, two sides and river bed all hardenings, about 1 meter of depth of water, the bad V class of water quality, and black smelly.Pollute main source be the reclaimed water of littoral resident and part sanitary wastewater in line enter river course, river does not flow, water body self-purification ability difference etc.
For this project characteristic, the applicant constructs staged subsurface flow constructed wetland system and administers, Relatively centralized is adopted to collect (8-10 family or in flakes resident) to littoral resident living miscellaneous water etc., be provided with the staged subsurface flow constructed wetland system that multiple 3-7 level do not wait and carry out purifying treatment, and to beautify in conjunction with two sides hard soil lanscape.
Concrete construction process is:
(1) coastal belt on band slope is chosen as wetland pond;
(2) classification filling substrate: according to the slope discrepancy in elevation and pollution load, design 3 grades of wetlands, every one-level wetland is filling substrate respectively, before filling substrate, need to arrange slope, arrange between slope and every one-level wetland, make the matrix of filling parallel with the water surface;
(3) water vent, posticum and prosopyle are set: by influent side to water outlet side, be followed successively by first step wetland, second stage wetland, third stage wetland, at the influent side of first step wetland, water collecting device is set, between collection device and first step wetland, prosopyle is set, in the first step and the second stage, between the second stage and the wetland of the third stage, water vent is set, sets out water hole at the water outlet side of third stage wetland;
(4) serike: difference serike on every one-level wetland, the floristics of plantation between at different levels is different.
The staged subsurface flow constructed wetland system that structure obtains as shown in Figure 1, 3 grades of staged subsurface flow constructed wetland systems in this project, comprise the wetland pond 1 on band slope, the 3 grades of wetlands 2 be disposed adjacent in wetland pond, influent side is to water outlet side, be followed successively by first step wetland, second stage wetland, third stage wetland, water vent 4 is provided with between adjacent wetland, the influent side of first step wetland is provided with prosopyle 3, the influent side of first step wetland is also provided with collection device 10, prosopyle 3 is between collection device 10 and first step wetland, the water outlet side of last step wetland (i.e. third stage wetland) is provided with posticum 5, first step wetland, water vent 4 is provided with between second stage wetland and third stage wetland, water vent is also the prosopyle of next stage wetland while of being the posticum of upper level wetland.The posticum of last step wetland exceeds the ordinary water level 50mm receiving the water body water surface 6.The aperture of prosopyle is 50mm, the aperture of water vent is 50mm, the aperture of posticum is 50mm.Between prosopyle, two-stage wetland, the number of point other water vent, posticum is 7.For preventing filling substrate from blocking posticum, the feed-water end of water vent, prosopyle, posticum is provided with layer of steel wire filter screen.
Every grade of wetland from top to bottom, is plant 8 and matrix 9 respectively, the particle diameter of matrix 9 be 10mm-50mm all can, fill according to size layering, the placement lower floor that particle diameter is little, upper strata filling substrate is micro-lower than pool wall height.Stromal thickness is 250mm, and wetland pool wall height is 300mm, and pool wall is brick mix structure.First step wetland has planted aquatic Canna generalis Bailey, and second stage wetland has planted Spiked Loosestrife, and third stage wetland has planted calamus.
Before every grade of wetland is set, first wetland pond, slope is arranged, arrange between slope and every one-level wetland and fill finishing part 7, on this basis, filling substrate is parallel with the water surface, has certain angle with slope, every grade of wetland be part inlay on the slope, the part being embedded in slope is generally not more than 2/3rds of wetland, and considers landscape effect.
After planting plants restoration ecosystem, enter staged drowned flow artificial wet land reclaimed water and sanitary wastewater obtains better purification, repeated detection annual decontamination effect improving sees attached list 2.
The year decontamination effect improving of the staged subsurface flow constructed wetland system that table 2 the present embodiment builds
The present invention is not limited to aforesaid embodiment.The present invention expands to any new feature of disclosing in this manual or any combination newly, and the step of the arbitrary new method disclosed or process or any combination newly.
Claims (1)
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Claims (1)
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1. a construction process for staged subsurface flow constructed wetland system, is characterized in that, comprising:
(1) coastal belt on band slope is chosen as wetland pond;
(2) classification filling substrate: according to the slope discrepancy in elevation and pollution load, design 3 grades of wetlands, every one-level wetland is filling substrate respectively, before filling substrate, need to arrange slope, arrange between slope and every one-level wetland, make the matrix of filling parallel with the water surface;
(3) water vent, posticum and prosopyle are set: by influent side to water outlet side, be followed successively by first step wetland, second stage wetland, third stage wetland, at the influent side of first step wetland, water collecting device is set, between collection device and first step wetland, prosopyle is set, in the first step and the second stage, between the second stage and the wetland of the third stage, water vent is set, sets out water hole at the water outlet side of third stage wetland;
(4) serike: difference serike on every one-level wetland, the floristics of plantation between at different levels is different;
Building the staged subsurface flow constructed wetland system obtained is 3 grades of staged subsurface flow constructed wetland systems, comprise the wetland pond (1) on band slope, the 3 grades of wetlands (2) be disposed adjacent in wetland pond, influent side is to water outlet side, be followed successively by first step wetland, second stage wetland, third stage wetland, water vent (4) is provided with between adjacent wetland, the influent side of first step wetland is provided with prosopyle (3), the influent side of first step wetland is also provided with collection device (10), prosopyle 3 is between collection device (10) and first step wetland, the water outlet side of last step wetland is provided with posticum (5), first step wetland, water vent (4) is provided with between second stage wetland and third stage wetland, water vent is also the prosopyle of next stage wetland while of being the posticum of upper level wetland, the posticum of last step wetland exceeds the ordinary water level 50mm receiving the water body water surface (6), the aperture of prosopyle is 50mm, the aperture of water vent is 50mm, the aperture of posticum is 50mm, between prosopyle, two-stage wetland, the number of point other water vent, posticum is 7, for preventing filling substrate from blocking posticum, the feed-water end of water vent, prosopyle, posticum is provided with layer of steel wire filter screen,
Every grade of wetland from top to bottom, plant (8) and matrix (9) respectively, the particle diameter of matrix (9) be 10mm-50mm all can, fill according to size layering, the placement lower floor that particle diameter is little, upper strata filling substrate is micro-lower than pool wall height; Stromal thickness is 250mm, and wetland pool wall height is 300mm, and pool wall is brick mix structure; First step wetland has planted aquatic Canna generalis Bailey, and second stage wetland has planted Spiked Loosestrife, and third stage wetland has planted calamus;
Before every grade of wetland is set, first wetland pond, slope is arranged, arrange between slope and every one-level wetland and fill finishing part (7), on this basis, filling substrate is parallel with the water surface, has certain angle with slope, every grade of wetland be part inlay on the slope, the part being embedded in slope is generally not more than 2/3rds of wetland, and considers landscape effect;
After planting plants restoration ecosystem, enter staged drowned flow artificial wet land reclaimed water and sanitary wastewater obtains better purification, repeated detection annual decontamination effect improving sees attached list 2;
The year decontamination effect improving of the staged subsurface flow constructed wetland system that table 2 the present embodiment builds