The manufacture method of nuclear power evaporator transition cone forge piece
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of manufacture method of large forgings, be specifically related to a kind of manufacture method of nuclear power evaporator transition cone forge piece.
Background technology
Nuclear power evaporator transition cone forge piece is the forging typically with " cylinder-circular cone-cylinder barrel shaped " feature, as shown in Figure 1, this forging feature is made up of cylinder, circular cone, cylinder three part, when circular cone outside diameter comparatively large (diameter is not less than 3000mm), wall thickness thicker (wall thickness is not less than 100mm), forging forming difficulty is very large.
This nuclear power evaporator transition cone forge piece has three kinds of forging methods at present:
1, be first swaged into straight tube blank, then rely on oxygen blast and reaming to be swaged into conical shell part, as shown in Figure 2.The critical process of this forging method is that oxygen blast forms taper.Make in this way, stock utilization is low, and the production cycle is long.
2, be directly swaged into conical shell forging, as shown in Figure 3, straight for band wall transition-cone be directly swaged into without straight wall cone cylinder, then obtain post-cone-post cylinder part by machining.Because this Forging Technology adds many remaining blocks, thus stock utilization is still very low.
3, " post-cone-post " saddle is adopted to be shaped; The general principle of this method is that manufacture one has the saddle 1 of " post-cone-post " feature and a set of upper anvil 2 with individual features, saddle 1 is set up on saddle support 3, as shown in Figure 4, be then enclosed within by blank 10 on " post-cone-post " saddle 1, upper anvil 2 is with certain drafts dabbing base 10, make blank 10 local reduction, pressed an anvil, " post-cone-post " saddle 1 drives blank 10 to rotate certain angle, then depresses an anvil, dabbing base 10 so repeatedly, until reach the dimensional requirement of forging.
When adopting the method to be shaped, there is very large axial force, to press apparatus, there is comparatively major injury, easily cause the overturning of saddle support 3 simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of manufacture method of nuclear power evaporator transition cone forge piece, and it can avoid axial force to the injury of press apparatus.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution of the manufacture method of nuclear power evaporator transition cone forge piece of the present invention is:
For the manufacture of having " cylinder-circular cone-cylinder barrel shaped " feature, minimum diameter is not less than the forging of 3000mm, comprises the following steps:
The first step, base; Steel ingot is pressed into cylindrical blank; Then cylindrical blank is made the cylindrical blank that cylindrical has 3 ~ 4 steps;
The weight of each step section of described step cylindrical blank is 1 ~ 1.3 times of the corresponding section weight of finished product forging.
Second step, pre-expansion taper; Adopt pre-expansion conical device, straight saddle is penetrated step cylindrical blank, then adopt upper flat anvil to carry out saddle forging, make step cylindrical blank become conical shell;
The method of described saddle forging is: from holding greatly, multiple steps of rank cylindrical blank of presenting a theatrical performance as the last item on a programme successively.
Described pre-expansion conical device comprises straight saddle, upper flat anvil, saddle support, and straight saddle is set up on saddle support; Upper flat anvil is positioned at the top of straight saddle; Step cylindrical blank is sheathed on straight saddle.
3rd step, be shaped two cylindrical sections; Adopt post cone post building mortion, be placed on cone-cone-tapered sleeve cylinder by conical shell workpiece, carry out reaming to conical shell, the large end cone section of conical shell is closed up becomes large newel post section, the small end cone section enlarging of conical shell becomes small end shell of column, forms " post-cone-tubular forging " blank;
Described post cone post building mortion comprises be shaped straight saddle, cone-cone-cone patrix, cone-cone-tapered sleeve cylinder, and the straight saddle that is shaped is set up on saddle support; Be shaped on straight saddle and be arranged with cone-cone-tapered sleeve cylinder; Cone-cone-cone patrix is positioned at the top of the straight saddle that is shaped; Match with the bus of cone-cone-tapered sleeve cylinder in the bottom surface of cone-cone-cone patrix.
The bottom surface of described cone-cone-cone patrix comprises three inclined-planes be connected to each other, and the first inclined-plane and the 3rd inclined-plane are parallel to each other.
The angle [alpha] on described first inclined-plane
1determined by following formula:
Wherein: l
1for the bus bar sizes of the large end cylindrical section of forging to be formed, unit mm;
L
2for the bus bar sizes of forging conical section to be formed, unit mm;
L
3for the bus bar sizes of forging small end cylindrical section to be formed, unit mm;
β is the angle between the bus of the large end cylindrical section of forging to be formed and the bus of conical section;
The angle [alpha] on described second inclined-plane
2determined by following formula:
α
2=180°-α
1-β。
Axial force suffered by described first inclined-plane and the 3rd inclined-plane and with the equal and opposite in direction of axial force suffered by the second inclined-plane and direction is contrary.
4th step, expanding scale; Repeatedly repeat the 3rd step, make the cone section of " post-cone-tubular forging " blank and straight section size meet forging ' s block dimension requirement, final formation has the forging of " cylinder-circular cone-cylinder barrel shaped " feature.
The technique effect that the present invention can reach is:
The present invention can produce the forging with " post-cone-tubular " feature, without axial force in manufacture process, to press apparatus fanout free region, saddle support is inclined to without overturning, " post-cone-tubular " forging of producing, its size, profile, inside and outside quality and good mechanical property.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is further detailed explanation:
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of nuclear power evaporator transition cone forge piece;
Fig. 2 to Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of three kinds of forging methods of prior art nuclear power evaporator transition cone forge piece;
Fig. 5 a is the schematic diagram of the cylindrical blank with 3 steps;
Fig. 5 b is the schematic diagram of the cylindrical blank with 4 steps;
Fig. 6 a to 6c is the schematic diagram in the manufacture method of nuclear power evaporator transition cone forge piece of the present invention, step cylindrical blank being become conical shell;
Fig. 6 d is the schematic diagram of the conical shell blank formed after pre-expansion taper;
Fig. 7 is that the present invention is shaped the schematic diagram of two cylindrical portion;
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of cone-cone-cone patrix of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of cone-cone-tapered sleeve cylinder of the present invention;
Figure 10 is stressed schematic diagram of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals in figure:
1 is saddle, and 2 is upper anvil,
3 is saddle support, and 4 is straight saddle,
5 is upper flat anvil, and 6 is the straight saddle that is shaped,
7 is cone-cone-cone patrix, and 8 is cone-cone-tapered sleeve cylinder,
10 is workpiece, and 20 is step cylindrical blank,
30 is conical shell workpiece, and 71 is the first inclined-plane,
72 is the second inclined-plane, and 73 is the 3rd inclined-plane,
81 is the first cone section, and 82 is the second cone section,
83 is third hand tap section.
Detailed description of the invention
The manufacture method of nuclear power evaporator transition cone forge piece of the present invention, for the manufacture of having " cylinder-circular cone-cylinder barrel shaped " feature, minimum diameter is not less than the forging of 3000mm, adopts straight saddle, based on " cone-cone-cone " sleeve designed without axial force and corresponding patrix, comprises the following steps:
The first step, base: steel ingot is pressed into the cylindrical blank that ratio of height to diameter is about 2 by chamfered edge, pulling, oxygen-acetylene cutting; And then by cylindrical blank, the cylindrical made as shown in Fig. 5 a, 5b has the cylindrical blank of 3 ~ 4 steps by jumping-up, punching, core bar drawing;
The weight of each step section of the step cylindrical blank obtained is 1 ~ 1.3 times of the corresponding section weight of finished product forging;
Step cylindrical blank made in the process of finished product forging, the axial dimension of blank is constant, controls the weight of each step section, can ensure the dimensional accuracy of finished product forging;
Second step, pre-expansion taper: adopt pre-expansion conical device, the straight saddle 4 be set up on saddle support 3 is penetrated the step cylindrical blank 20 (step cylindrical blank 20 temperature after heating is not less than 850 DEG C) heated, then upper flat anvil 5 is adopted to carry out saddle forging, during reaming from holding greatly, multiple steps of cylindrical blank 20 are pressed (namely first to press first step successively, press second step again, as Fig. 6 a, 6b, 6c), step cylindrical blank is finally made to become conical shell, as shown in fig 6d;
As shown in Figure 6 a, pre-expansion conical device comprises straight saddle 4, upper flat anvil 5, saddle support 3, and straight saddle 4 is set up on saddle support 3; Upper flat anvil 5 is positioned at the top of straight saddle 4; Step cylindrical blank 20 is sheathed on straight saddle 4;
3rd step, be shaped two cylindrical sections: adopt post cone post building mortion, conical shell workpiece 30 is placed on cone-cone tapered sleeve cylinder 8, reaming is carried out to conical shell, the large end cone section of conical shell is closed up and becomes large newel post section, the small end cone section enlarging of conical shell becomes small end shell of column, forms " post-cone-tubular forging " blank;
As shown in Figure 7, post cone post building mortion comprises the straight saddle 6 that is shaped, cone-cone-cone patrix 7, cone-cone-tapered sleeve cylinder 8, and the straight saddle 6 that is shaped is set up on saddle support 3; Be shaped on straight saddle 6 and be arranged with cone-cone-tapered sleeve cylinder 8; Cone-cone-cone patrix 7 is positioned at the top of the straight saddle 6 that is shaped; Match with the bus of cone-cone-tapered sleeve cylinder 8 in the bottom surface of cone-cone-cone patrix 7 (namely bore-bore-angle on each inclined-plane of bus of tapered sleeve cylinder 8 is equal with the angle on each inclined-plane, bottom surface of cone-cone-cone patrix 7);
As shown in Figure 8, the bottom surface of cone-bore-cone patrix 7 comprises inclined-plane 71, three inclined-planes be connected to each other 71,72,73, first and the 3rd inclined-plane 73 is parallel to each other; Axial force suffered by first inclined-plane 71 and the 3rd inclined-plane 73 and with the equal and opposite in direction of axial force suffered by the second inclined-plane 72 and direction is contrary;
As shown in Figure 9, cone-cone-tapered sleeve cylinder 8 comprises the bus that three cone sections be connected to each other 81,82,83, first bore section 81 and third hand tap section 83 and is parallel to each other; Axial force suffered by first cone section 81 and third hand tap section 83 and bore the equal and opposite in direction of axial force suffered by section 82 with second and direction is contrary;
As shown in Figure 10, the angle [alpha] on the first inclined-plane 71, the 3rd inclined-plane 73
1(the first inclined-plane 71 is equal with the angle on the 3rd inclined-plane 73) is determined by following formula:
Wherein: l
1for the bus bar sizes of the large end cylindrical section of forging to be formed, unit mm;
L
2for the bus bar sizes of forging conical section to be formed, unit mm;
L
3for the bus bar sizes of forging small end cylindrical section to be formed, unit mm;
β is the angle (this angle equals the angle between the bus of small end cylindrical section and the bus of conical section) between the bus of the large end cylindrical section of forging to be formed and the bus of conical section;
α
1it is formed angle between the first inclined-plane 71 (or the 3rd inclined-plane 73) and horizontal line;
After the size of forging to be formed is determined, parameter l
1, l
2, l
3, namely β determine;
The angle [alpha] on the second inclined-plane 72
2determined by following formula:
α
2=180°-α
1-β
α
2it is formed angle between the second inclined-plane 72 and horizontal line;
As shown in Figure 9, well-distributed pressure p equals the flow stress of material, and at arbitrary temperature, pressure p is constant value, can obtain:
-pl
1cosα
1+pl
2cosα
2-pl
3cosα
1=0
Shown by above formula, in forming process, the axial force of blank 30 pairs of moulds 7 gets final product homeostasis at mould inside, and namely press can not be subject to responsive to axial force;
4th step, expanding scale: repeatedly repeat the 3rd step, make the cone section of " post-cone-tubular forging " blank and straight section size meet forging ' s block dimension requirement, the final forging with " cylinder-circular cone-cylinder barrel shaped " feature formed as shown in Figure 1.
The present invention adopts cone-cone-cone patrix 7 and cone-cone-tapered sleeve cylinder 8 with matching, in forming process, axial force suffered by cone-cone-cone the first inclined-plane 71 of patrix 7 and the 3rd inclined-plane 73 and with the equal and opposite in direction of axial force suffered by the second inclined-plane 72 and direction is contrary, thus axial force is compensated, avoid the injury of axial force to equipment.
The present invention is particularly useful for the forging producing CPR nuclear power transition-cone forging, AP1000 nuclear power transition-cone forging, CAP1400 nuclear power transition-cone forging equal diameter larger-size " post-cone-tubular " feature.