CN103647328A - Ladder type gradual parameter attenuation battery equalization method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of battery systems and relates to a ladder type gradual parameter attenuation battery equalization method. According to the ladder type gradual parameter attenuation battery equalization method, the uniformity of batteries is firstly evaluated and batteries to be equalized are confirmed; then an equalization process is divided into three equalization working phases which comprise a rapid propulsion phase, a parameter attenuation approaching phase and a small parameter precise adjustment phase; a plurality of timing opening standing phases with different time length are inserted among the three equalization working phases to serve as disequilibrium working phases; the equalization parameters gradually attenuate in the equalization working phases; battery states which comprise opening voltage pressure inside are detected and equalization control parameters are adjusted in the disequilibrium working phases. The ladder type gradual parameter attenuation battery equalization method has the advantages of effectively improving inconformity degrees of the batteries, enabling battery states to be highly confirm, avoiding operations such as over-charging and over-discharging endangering battery safety and repetitive operations such as repeatedly charging and discharging, being safe and efficient, avoiding an integral group of batteries from reducing performance caused by inconformity of the battery group and being benefited to keep utilization performance of the batteries.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of equalization methods of battery.
Background technology
Battery pack is generally comprised of series-parallel mode many cells, the occasion of single battery is different from only using, the performance of whole Battery pack not only depends on the performance of each cell in battery pack, also depend on the consistency between all cells in battery pack, the performance of battery pack comprises that the leading indicators such as maximum charging and discharging currents, the highest energy storage upper limit, useful life, fail safe do not depend on the cell that performance state is best, but depends on the cell that performance state is the poorest.Therefore the performance of battery pack has " wooden barrel effect ", the poor cell of consistency is battery pack " short slab ", becomes the performance " bottleneck " of battery pack, and the cell that forms battery pack is more, the difficulty keeping consistency is larger, and the baneful influence of inconsistency is larger.
For the extensive battery applications occasion such as electric automobile, electrical network energy storage, battery pack substantially all by up to a hundred even a hundreds of cell connection in series-parallel form, the problem of inconsistency of battery has become one of key problem of its application and development of restriction.The poor battery of consistency is carried out to the balanced indispensable maintenance service of battery applications that become.
Conventional battery balanced method mainly comprises following several:
1. constant current charge method: the battery poor to consistency carries out constant current charge, and charging voltage reaches set point and stops equilibrium.The method is simple, easy to operate, but after charging termination, cell voltage can fall rapidly, and portfolio effect is poor, is only applicable to the equalized maintenance of extensive style;
2. constant voltage charge method: the battery poor to consistency carries out constant-potential charge, and in charging process, cell voltage remains unchanged, and charging current reduces gradually, stops equilibrium when charging current drops to set point.The charging current in the method charging early stage is larger, easily occurs the danger such as battery is overheated, explosive;
3. constant current voltage limiting method: first with constant current charge, transfer constant-potential charge to after reaching setting voltage in balancing procedure, stop again balanced after charging current is reduced to set point.The battery that the method has avoided simple use constant-voltage method to be prone to is dangerous, but due to electric current and voltage constant in balancing procedure, cannot guarantee that parameter arranges the applicable balanced battery that needs, therefore need to be according to the state of every battery, balance parameters is adjusted in manual intervention.Same after charging termination, cell voltage can fall rapidly, is difficult to guarantee portfolio effect;
4. conductive discharge method: utilize resistance to battery discharge, improve its consistency thereby make battery that electric weight is high emit portion of energy.After discharge voltage drops to set point, stop balanced.The method means are single, and originally inapplicable with regard to battery on the low side for electric weight, the scope of application is limited.After discharge off, cell voltage can raise rapidly, is difficult to guarantee portfolio effect simultaneously.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiency of prior art, propose a kind of battery balanced method.
First the battery balanced method of the progressive parameter decay of staged of the present invention is evaluated the consistency of battery, determines battery to be balanced, carries out equilibrium afterwards under control circuit is controlled.The present invention by the balancing procedure of battery by the sequencing of carrying out be divided into the quick propulsion phase, parameter decay approaches three " balanced operation echelons " such as stage, small parameter accurate adjustment stages, between balanced operation echelon, insert a plurality of timings that time span do not wait and open a way the standing stage, as " lack of balance work echelon ".In balanced operation echelon, balance parameters is constantly decayed, in lack of balance work echelon, detect and comprise the battery status of standing open circuit voltage and adjust the balanced parameter of controlling, different operating echelon and balance stage possess specific equalization function separately, implement different equalization operation, reach different setting portfolio effects, advance until reached equalization target by balanced cell step by step.
The concrete steps order of the battery balanced method of the present invention is as follows:
(1) in the quick propulsion phase, the charging current of battery to be balanced or discharging current are arranged to heavy current parameter, guaranteeing that battery to be balanced discharges and recharges under safe prerequisite, rapid adjustment battery to be balanced electric weight, the inconsistent state of battery to be balanced and the gap between equalization target set point are dwindled fast, in this stage, charging current or discharging current are constant current;
(2) charging voltage or the discharge voltage when battery to be balanced reaches after quick propulsion phase set point, controlling charging circuit or discharge circuit suspends, make battery to be balanced in open circuit static condition, entering first opens a way the standing stage, within this stage, detection comprises the battery to be balanced state of standing open circuit voltage, and determines the initial equalization parameter that proceeds to the parameter decling phase;
(3) after first standing stage of regularly opening a way finishes, control circuit accesses battery to be balanced charging circuit or discharge circuit again, controls balanced flow process simultaneously and proceeds to next balance stage, be i.e. the parameter decling phase.In this stage, control charging current or discharging current decay, a plurality of little stair-stepping current attenuation curve of formation from heavy current parameter to weak current parameter transition, after being reduced to parameter decling phase current setting value, charging current or discharging current suspend charging circuit or discharge circuit, make battery to be balanced in open circuit static condition, entering second timing opens a way the standing stage, before regularly finishing, control circuit detects the battery to be balanced state that comprises standing open circuit voltage, and determines the initial equalization parameter that proceeds to the small parameter accurate adjustment stage;
(4) second timing, open a way after the standing stage finishes, control circuit accesses battery to be balanced charging circuit or discharge circuit again, control balanced flow process simultaneously and proceed to next balance stage, it is the small parameter accurate adjustment stage, invariable in this stage control charging voltage or discharge voltage, charging current or discharging current are arranged to weak current parameter, realize constant voltage charge or control of discharge, when charging current or discharging current decay to set point, suspend equilibrium, insert the 3rd timing and open a way the standing stage; Before regularly finishing, control circuit detects the battery to be balanced state that comprises standing open circuit voltage, when standing open circuit voltage and absolute difference between equalization target open circuit voltage are less than set point, stop balancedly, otherwise repeat to access the battery to be balanced starting small parameter accurate adjustment stage.
As preferred implementation, the method for battery consistency evaluation is comprised the following steps:
1) gather the voltage of each cell;
2) find out maximum and the minimum value in all monomer battery voltage data;
3) according to mode principle, the data interval between maximum and minimum value is divided into minute data spaces such as N, N defines with real integer, and numerical values recited is relevant with the number of batteries in battery pack, generally gets 5～10.Calculate all monomer voltage data and drop on the number in each decile data space, the monomer voltage data in the maximum decile data space of number are referred to as mode, and these divided data intervals are called mode space;
4) with " inconsistent degree ", represent quantitatively the quality of battery consistency in mode space and non-mode space, span is defined as-1.0～+ 1.0, inconsistency degree defines respectively with real number, and the consistency of the corresponding battery of the larger expression of absolute value of real number numerical value is poorer.The inconsistent degree of battery in mode space is defined as " 0.0 ", is defined as high conformity, represents that the voltage differences of battery is little, consistency is high.Inconsistency degree is negative, represent that the monomer battery voltage data in corresponding non-mode space are less than the monomer battery voltage data of mode space corresponding, inconsistency degree is positive number, represents that the monomer battery voltage data in corresponding non-mode space are greater than the monomer battery voltage data of mode space corresponding.Take mode space as mid point, poorer apart from the consistency of the battery comprising in non-mode space far away between mode space;
5) mean value of the monomer battery voltage in mode space is as the equalization target value of battery to be balanced, the limit value of the inconsistent degree of the battery that needs are changed is defined as " replacing set point ", and the battery that inconsistency degree surpasses replacing set point is defined as changing object.The limit value of the inconsistent degree of the battery of needs equilibrium is defined as " balanced set point ", the battery that is still greater than balanced set point lower than replacing set point is defined as battery to be balanced.
Feature of the present invention is, adopt battery standing open circuit voltage to identify as major parameter, configure the progressive balance stage of a plurality of stageds, and discharge and recharge parameter in the automatic setting of each stage and attenuation equalization, make balanced battery approach gradually the coherency state of whole Battery pack, thereby reach highly consistent portfolio effect.
The battery balanced method of the progressive parameter decay of staged of the present invention, different as balanced end condition from battery balanced method employing charging voltage or the discharge voltage of routine, adopted the standing open circuit voltage of battery as the major parameter identification of computable general equilibrium, parameter adjustment and termination equilibrium.Because standing open circuit voltage can represent the electromotive force of battery comparatively exactly, so with respect to using charging voltage or discharge voltage, adopt the mode of standing open circuit voltage to make the portfolio effect of battery better.Mostly adopt single means different from conventional equalization methods simultaneously, in balancing procedure, take the multistage automatically to adjust the control strategy of balance parameters, the adjustment of parameter has adopted calculating and the control method of continuous decay, can not cause the phenomenons such as overcharging appears in battery in balancing procedure, overdischarge, there will not be the poor efficiency operation of equilibrium repeatedly of certain battery yet.Data analysis computational process is relied on high-performance central processor, control the constantly gradual equalization target that approaches of whole balanced flow process, can make battery reach the portfolio effect of high consistency, and process full automation, the dependence of conventional method to tester broken away from.
In preferred implementation, the present invention has adopted the battery consistency based on mode principle to evaluate, and determines battery to be balanced.By voltage sampling circuit matched data analytical calculation circuit, get final product simple realization simultaneously due to the data analysis and the computational methods that have adopted based on mode, battery consistency error of quality appraisement is little.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is battery equalizing circuit theory diagram;
Fig. 2 is the battery consistency evaluation method flow chart based on mode principle that the present invention adopts;
Fig. 3 is the battery balanced control algolithm flow chart of the progressive parameter decay of staged.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, further illustrate the present invention.
Fig. 1 is battery equalizing circuit theory diagram.As shown in Figure 1, the battery equalizing circuit of application the inventive method comprises battery switching circuit 2, charging circuit 3, discharge circuit 4 and control circuit 5.Battery 1 and battery switching circuit 2 are connected, and battery switching circuit 2 is connected with charging circuit 3, discharge circuit 4 and control circuit 5 respectively, and charging circuit 3 and discharge circuit 4 are connected with control circuit 5.
The battery consistency evaluation method based on mode principle that described control circuit 5 is integrated.First control circuit 5 calculates the consistency of battery pack, and determines and treat balanced battery object and set equalization target value according to consistency analysis result.As shown in Figure 2, control circuit 5 is added up the voltage of all batteries 1 and arrange, first calculate all monomer battery voltages, find out maximum and minimum value, then according to mode principle, the data interval between maximum and minimum value is divided into N decile, and calculated data drops on the number in each decile, the data in the maximum decile of number are referred to as mode, and the data interval of this decile representative is called mode space.The quality that represents quantitatively battery consistency in mode space and non-mode space with " inconsistent degree ", the span of " inconsistent degree " is defined as-1.0～+ 1.0, inconsistency degree defines respectively with real number, and the consistency of the corresponding battery of the larger expression of absolute value of real number numerical value is poorer.The inconsistent degree of battery in mode space is defined as " 0.0 ", is high conformity, represents that the voltage differences of battery is little, consistency is high." inconsistent degree " is negative, represents that the monomer battery voltage data in corresponding non-mode space are less than the monomer battery voltage data of mode space corresponding." inconsistent degree " is positive number, represents that the monomer battery voltage data in corresponding non-mode space are greater than the monomer battery voltage data of mode space corresponding.Take mode space as mid point, and the consistency of the battery comprising apart from non-mode space far away between mode space is poorer.Inconsistency degree is defined as respectively ± 0.1, ± 0.2 ... ± 0.9, ± 1.0 ..., the consistency of the corresponding battery of the larger expression of absolute value of this numerical value is poorer.
Cell voltage mean value in mode space is as by the equalization target value of balancing battery.The battery that inconsistent degree surpasses replacing set point is defined as changing object, and the battery that is still greater than balanced set point lower than replacing set point is defined as balanced object, by follow-up equilibrium treatment, improves its inconsistent degree.
Described control circuit 5 is controlled battery switching circuits 2, the battery of equilibrium to be charged is switched to and in charging circuit 3, carries out charge balancing, or the battery of equilibrium to be discharged is switched to and in discharge circuit 4, carries out equalization discharge.The main equalizing charge parameters such as the start-stop of control circuit 5 control charging circuits 3 and charging current, charging voltage, charging interval.The start-stop of control circuit 5 controlled discharge circuit 4 and discharging current, discharge voltage, discharge time etc. are balanced discharge parameter mainly.
In charging circuit 3 and discharge circuit 4, include circuit power switch device, the PWM of control circuit 5 control switch devices drives the duty ratio of signal, duty ratio is larger, charging current or discharging current are larger, duty ratio is less, charging current or discharging current are less, and duty ratio is that zero charging circuit or discharge circuit quit work.
Described control circuit 5 is arranged to the decay of quick propulsion phase, parameter by balancing procedure and is approached three " balanced operation echelons " such as stage, small parameter accurate adjustment stages, inserts a plurality of timings that time span do not wait therebetween and opens a way the standing stage as " lack of balance work echelon ".
When adopting charging to carry out equilibrium, as shown in Figure 3, in the quick propulsion phase, charging current is arranged to heavy current parameter, and the duty ratio of pwm control signal is larger, is guaranteeing that battery charges under safe prerequisite, rapid adjustment battery electric quantity, the inconsistent state of battery and the gap between equalization target set point are dwindled fast, and this stage is to reduce time for balance, improves the Main Stage of balanced efficiency.In this stage charging current, it is constant current.
When the charging voltage of battery reaches after quick propulsion phase set point, control circuit will be controlled charging circuit and suspend, and make battery in open circuit static condition, insert a standing stage of open circuit, be set the timing length in standing stage of open circuit by control circuit.Before regularly finishing, control circuit detects and comprises the battery status of standing open circuit voltage and determine the initial equalization parameter that proceeds to the parameter decling phase.
After the standing stage of regularly opening a way finishes, control circuit accesses charging circuit by balancing battery again, controls balanced flow process simultaneously and proceeds to next balance stage, be i.e. the parameter decling phase.In this stage, as long as charging voltage reaches capping value, control circuit just reduces the duty ratio of pwm control signal, thereby controls charging current decay, forms a plurality of little stair-stepping current attenuation curve from heavy current parameter to weak current parameter transition.After charging current is reduced to parameter decling phase current setting value, suspend charging circuit, make battery in open circuit static condition, insert a timing and open a way the standing stage.Before regularly finishing, control circuit detects and comprises the battery status of standing open circuit voltage and determine the initial equalization parameter that proceeds to the small parameter accurate adjustment stage.In this stage charging current, charging voltage, be changing value, wherein electric current has monotonic decay feature, and voltage has stagnant ring decay characteristics.This stage can guarantee that battery charges safe time, makes the inconsistent state of battery approach equalization target set point gradually, avoids repeatedly balanced, has improved balanced efficiency.
In a upper timing, open a way after the standing stage finishes, control circuit accesses charging circuit by balancing battery again, controls balanced flow process simultaneously and proceeds to next balance stage, and the duty of small parameter accurate adjustment stage pwm control signal is smaller.Invariable in this stage control charging voltage, and charging current reduces gradually, realizes constant voltage charge and controls.When charging current decays to set point, suspend equilibrium, insert a timing and open a way the standing stage.Before regularly finishing, control circuit detects the battery status that comprises standing open circuit voltage, when standing open circuit voltage and absolute difference between equalization target open circuit voltage are less than set point, stop balancedly, otherwise again access the accumulator drive small parameter accurate adjustment stage.In small parameter accurate adjustment stage charging current, be arranged to weak current parameter, simultaneously, in conjunction with regularly opening a way the standing stage, battery carried out to floating charge equilibrium, before equilibrium stops, by floating charge repeatedly, realize the accurate adjustment of battery consistency state.This stage is the critical stage that reaches cell height consistency effect.
When adopting electric discharge to carry out equilibrium, as shown in Figure 3, in the quick propulsion phase, discharging current is arranged to heavy current parameter, and the duty ratio of pwm control signal is larger, is guaranteeing under the safe prerequisite of battery discharge, rapid adjustment battery electric quantity, the inconsistent state of battery and the gap between equalization target set point are dwindled fast, and this stage is to reduce time for balance, improves the Main Stage of balanced efficiency.At this stage discharging current, it is constant current.
When the discharge voltage of battery reaches after quick propulsion phase set point, control circuit suspends controlled discharge circuit, makes battery in open circuit static condition, inserts a standing stage of open circuit, is set the timing length in standing stage of open circuit by control circuit.Before regularly finishing, control circuit detects and comprises the battery status of standing open circuit voltage and determine the initial equalization parameter that proceeds to the parameter decling phase.
After the standing stage of regularly opening a way finishes, control circuit accesses discharge circuit by balancing battery again, controls balanced flow process simultaneously and proceeds to next balance stage, be i.e. the parameter decling phase.In this stage, as long as discharge voltage reaches preset lower limit, control circuit just reduces the duty ratio of pwm control signal, thereby controlled discharge current attenuation forms a plurality of little stair-stepping current attenuation curve from heavy current parameter to weak current parameter transition.After discharging current is reduced to parameter decling phase current setting value, suspend discharge circuit, make battery in open circuit static condition, insert a timing and open a way the standing stage.Before regularly finishing, control circuit detects and comprises the battery status of standing open circuit voltage and determine the initial equalization parameter that proceeds to the small parameter accurate adjustment stage.At this stage discharging current, discharge voltage, be changing value, wherein electric current has monotonic decay feature, and voltage has stagnant ring decay characteristics.This stage, when can guarantee battery discharge safety, makes the inconsistent state of battery approach equalization target set point gradually, avoids repeatedly balanced, has improved balanced efficiency.
In a upper timing, open a way after the standing stage finishes, control circuit accesses discharge circuit by balancing battery again, controls balanced flow process simultaneously and proceeds to next balance stage, and the duty of small parameter accurate adjustment stage pwm control signal is smaller.Invariable at this stage control discharge voltage, and discharging current reduces gradually, realizes constant voltage discharge and controls.When discharging current decays to set point, suspend equilibrium, insert a timing and open a way the standing stage.Before regularly finishing, control circuit detects the battery status that comprises standing open circuit voltage, when standing open circuit voltage and absolute difference between equalization target open circuit voltage are less than set point, stop balancedly, otherwise again access the accumulator drive small parameter accurate adjustment stage.At small parameter accurate adjustment stage discharging current, be arranged to weak current parameter, simultaneously in conjunction with regularly opening a way the standing stage, to the battery equalization discharge that floats, before equilibrium stops, by unsteady electric discharge repeatedly, realize the accurate adjustment of battery consistency state.This stage is the critical stage that reaches cell height consistency effect.
The battery balanced method of the progressive parameter decay of described staged, in balanced operation echelon, balance parameters is constantly decayed, and detects and comprise the battery status of standing open circuit voltage and adjust the balanced parameter of controlling in lack of balance work echelon.Different operating echelon and balance stage possess specific equalization function separately, implement different equalization operation, reach different setting portfolio effects, advance until reached equalization target by balanced cell step by step.
Claims (3)
1. the battery balanced method of the progressive parameter decay of a staged, it is characterized in that, first described battery balanced method is evaluated battery consistency, determine battery to be balanced, afterwards the balancing procedure of battery is divided into the decay of quick propulsion phase, parameter and approaches stage, small parameter accurate adjustment stage three balanced operation echelons, " balanced operation echelon interleaves a plurality of timings that angle of incidence length do not wait and opens a way the standing stage as lack of balance work echelon; In balanced operation echelon, balance parameters is constantly decayed, in lack of balance work echelon, detect and comprise the battery status of standing open circuit voltage and adjust the balanced parameter of controlling, different operating echelon and balance stage possess specific equalization function separately, implement different equalization operation, reach different setting portfolio effects, advance until reached equalization target by balanced cell step by step.
2. the battery balanced method of the progressive parameter decay of staged according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described battery balanced method comprises the following steps: successively
(1) in the quick propulsion phase, for battery to be balanced, charging current or discharging current are arranged to heavy current parameter, guaranteeing that battery to be balanced discharges and recharges under safe prerequisite, rapid adjustment battery to be balanced electric weight, the inconsistent state of battery to be balanced and the gap between equalization target set point are dwindled fast, and in this stage, charging current or discharging current are constant current;
(2) charging voltage or the discharge voltage when battery to be balanced reaches after quick propulsion phase set point, controlling charging circuit or discharge circuit suspends, make battery to be balanced in open circuit static condition, insert a standing stage of open circuit, within this stage, detection comprises the battery to be balanced state of standing open circuit voltage, and determines the initial equalization parameter that proceeds to the parameter decling phase;
(3) after the standing stage of regularly opening a way finishes, control circuit accesses battery to be balanced charging circuit or discharge circuit again, controls balanced flow process simultaneously and proceeds to next balance stage, be i.e. the parameter decling phase; In parameter, in the decling phase, control charging current or discharging current decay, a plurality of little stair-stepping current attenuation curve of formation from heavy current parameter to weak current parameter transition, after being reduced to parameter decling phase current setting value, charging current or discharging current suspend charging circuit or discharge circuit, make battery to be balanced in open circuit static condition, inserting a timing opens a way the standing stage, before regularly finishing, control circuit detects and comprises the battery to be balanced state of standing open circuit voltage and determine the initial equalization parameter that proceeds to the small parameter accurate adjustment stage;
(4) in described timing, open a way after the standing stage finishes, control circuit accesses battery to be balanced charging circuit or discharge circuit again, control balanced flow process simultaneously and proceed to next balance stage, it is the small parameter accurate adjustment stage, invariable in small parameter accurate adjustment stage control charging voltage or discharge voltage, charging current or discharging current are arranged to weak current parameter, realizing constant voltage charge or constant voltage discharge controls, when charging current or discharging current decay to set point, suspend equilibrium, insert a timing and open a way the standing stage; Before regularly finishing, control circuit detects the battery to be balanced state that comprises standing open circuit voltage, when standing open circuit voltage and absolute difference between equalization target open circuit voltage are less than set point, stop balancedly, otherwise repeat to access the battery to be balanced starting small parameter accurate adjustment stage.
3. the battery balanced method of the progressive parameter decay of staged according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the method that battery consistency is evaluated, comprises the following steps:
1) gather the voltage of each cell;
2) find out maximum and the minimum value in all monomer battery voltage data;
3) according to mode principle, the data interval between maximum and minimum value is divided into minute data spaces such as N, calculate all monomer voltage data and drop on the number in each decile data space, monomer voltage data in the maximum decile data space of number are referred to as mode, and these divided data intervals are called mode space;
4) adopt " inconsistent degree " to represent quantitatively the quality of battery consistency in mode space and non-mode space, the span of " inconsistent degree " is defined as-1.0～+ 1.0, inconsistency degree defines respectively with real number, and the consistency of the corresponding battery of the larger expression of absolute value of real number numerical value is poorer; The inconsistent degree of battery in mode space is defined as " 0.0 ", is defined as high conformity, represents that the voltage differences of battery is little, consistency is high; " inconsistent degree " is negative, represent that the monomer battery voltage data in corresponding non-mode space are less than the monomer battery voltage data of mode space corresponding, " inconsistent degree " is positive number, represents that the monomer battery voltage data in corresponding non-mode space are greater than the monomer battery voltage data of mode space corresponding; Take mode space as mid point, poorer apart from the consistency of the battery comprising in non-mode space far away between mode space;
5) mean value of the monomer battery voltage in mode space is as by the equalization target value of balancing battery, the limit value of the inconsistent degree of the battery that needs are changed is defined as " replacing set point ", and the battery that inconsistency degree surpasses replacing set point is defined as changing object; The limit value of the inconsistent degree of the battery of needs equilibrium is defined as " balanced set point ", the battery that is still greater than balanced set point lower than replacing set point is defined as battery to be balanced.
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