CN103646961B - 含高阻寄生导电层的硅基iii族氮化物薄膜及生长方法 - Google Patents
含高阻寄生导电层的硅基iii族氮化物薄膜及生长方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明是硅基III族氮化物薄膜高阻寄生导电层及生长方法,其结构包含硅衬底和硅基III族氮化物薄膜,其中硅基III族氮化物薄膜包含氮化铝成核层、过渡层和氮化镓层,其中氮化铝成核层位于硅衬底和过渡层之间。生长方法:1)采用111面单晶硅为衬底;2)在氢气气氛下采用低的温度对硅衬底进行10分钟的退火处理;3)采用低的温度生长氮化铝成核层;4)在氮化铝成核层上生长过渡层和氮化镓层。优点:可降低III族金属原子的扩散系数,减小扩散进入硅衬底的III族金属原子的剂量,寄生导电层具有差的导电性。由此研制的微波功率器件,漏电和微波能量损失小,可获得良好的击穿性能、功率输出性能、信号增益和工作效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种含高阻寄生导电层的硅基III族氮化物薄膜及生长方法。属于半导体技术领域。
背景技术
III族氮化物半导体材料包括氮化镓(GaN)、氮化铝(AlN)、氮化铟(InN)及它们之间形成的三、四元合金(也就是AlGaN、InAlN、InGaN和AlInGaN)。以氮化镓材料为主的III族氮化物半导体材料具有相对宽的直接带隙、高的击穿电场强度、高的饱和电子漂移速度,以及可以形成高浓度高电子迁移率的二维电子气结构等优势,已经广泛地用于制备紫外、蓝、绿光发光二极管(LED)、激光器和微波功率晶体管。目前,氮化镓LED被视为新一代的高效高亮节能固态发光光源,其市场份额不断扩大,逐步替代传统照明和显示灯。基于氮化镓的大功率微波放大器和微波单片集成电路产品已经投入市场,与砷化镓和硅微波功率器件相比,氮化镓基器件具有更高输出功率密度和效率,能够大幅降低系统的尺寸、重量和散热要求,为移动通信基站和雷达系统的设计和使用提供了更多选择。
目前,氮化镓薄膜主要是通过异质外延的方法在蓝宝石和碳化硅衬底上生长的,其中基于氮化镓的大功率微波器件基本都是在碳化硅衬底上外延生长的。然而,碳化硅衬底价格高昂,尽管基于碳化硅衬底的氮化镓晶体管性能优良,但是其应用范围还是严重地受到成本的制约。蓝宝石衬底具有较大成本优势,其价格仅有不到碳化硅衬底的十分之一,但它也有一些性能缺陷,如导电性和导热性差,尺寸不大等。硅作为衬底材料,不仅具有质量高、导热性能好、切割容易等优点,而且其成本优势比蓝宝石衬底还要大。
硅与III族氮化物外延材料存在着非常严重的晶格失配和热失配,如(0001)面氮化镓与(111)面硅之间的热失配为54%,晶格失配为17%,在硅衬底上生长的III族氮化物外延薄膜因为应力大,很容易产生裂纹。因此,硅基III族氮化物薄膜材料的异质外延生长通常包含氮化铝成核层和过渡层。氮化铝成核层的主要作用是:在异质衬底表面形成成核点,有利于III族氮化物源材料在衬底上凝结生长,改善III族氮化物薄膜材料的生长质量。过渡层的主要作用是:有效缓解硅衬底与氮化镓层之间的晶格失配和热失配,防止氮化镓层发生张应变弛豫,产生裂纹。为了更好地抑制硅基III族氮化物外延薄膜出现裂纹,提高其晶体质量,人们通常采用尽可能高的生长温度去生长高质量单晶氮化铝成核层和过渡层。
硅基III族氮化物外延薄膜的一个特点是,在硅衬底上外延生长III族氮化物薄膜的过程中,III族金属Ga原子就会扩散进入硅衬底中,形成一个导电类型为p型的寄生导电层,这一寄生导电层通常仅有数微米厚度,然而它是一个潜在的漏电通道,对III族氮化物微波功率器件的击穿性能、电流输出性能和工作效率都有显著的影响。为了消除或削弱这种影响,许多研究机构采取了相应的措施。美国Nitronex公司通过其专利“III-nitride material
structures including silicon substrates”(Pub. No.:US 2006/0118819 A1)阐释了一种SiN阻挡层的方法,生长III族氮化物薄膜之前,在硅衬底上首先生长一个薄的SiN层,来防止或限制掺杂剂在硅衬底表面的积累,减少了掺杂剂扩散进入硅衬底的数量,从而降低了寄生导电层的导电性,削弱了其对器件性能的影响。比利时IMEC发表论文称通过某些外延生长工艺步骤的优化,Ga污染程度得到控制,参见CMOS Process-Compatible
High-Power Low-Leakage AlGaN/GaN MISHEMT on Silicon,
IEEE Electron Device Letters, p.667-p.669, 2012。在现有工艺技术方法中,采用尽可能高的温度生长氮化铝成核层却不利于降低硅基III族氮化物薄膜中寄生导电层的导电性。
发明内容
本发明提出的是一种含高阻寄生导电层的硅基III族氮化物薄膜及生长方法,其目的是针对硅基III族氮化物薄膜中容易形成高导电性的寄生导电层的问题,通过对硅衬底进行退火处理和硅衬底上生长氮化铝成核层时采用低的温度,降低了III族金属原子的扩散系数,从而减小了扩散进入硅衬底的III族金属原子的剂量,生长出含高阻寄生导电层的硅基III族氮化物薄膜材料。
本发明的技术解决方案:含高阻寄生导电层的硅基III族氮化物薄膜,其结构包含硅衬底和硅基III族氮化物薄膜。其中硅基III族氮化物薄膜包含氮化铝成核层、过渡层和氮化镓层,其中氮化铝成核层位于硅衬底和过渡层之间,
含高阻寄生导电层的硅基III族氮化物薄膜的生长方法,包括如下步骤:
1)采用111面单晶硅为衬底,将它置于金属有机物化学气相淀积MOCVD设备的反应室中;
2)在氢气气氛下对硅衬底进行10分钟的退火处理,处理温度限制在900-1000℃之间;
3)生长氮化铝成核层,生长温度为低温650-950℃;
4)在氮化铝成核层上生长过渡层和氮化镓层,完成III族氮化物薄膜的生长。
本发明的优点:避免了生长工艺复杂、可控性差的SiN层作为阻挡层。可降低III族金属原子的扩散系数,减小扩散进入硅衬底的III族金属原子的剂量,生长的硅基III族氮化物薄膜中寄生导电层具有差的导电性。由此硅基III族氮化物薄膜材料研制的微波功率器件,由于寄生导电层引起的漏电和微波能量损失小,从而可以获得良好的击穿性能、功率输出性能、信号增益和工作效率。
附图说明
图1是含高阻寄生导电层的硅基III族氮化物薄膜层结构示意图。
图2是由二次离子质谱技术(Secondary Ion Mass
Spectrometry,SIMS)测得根据现有技术生长的硅基III族氮化物薄膜中寄生导电层的Ga原子浓度示意图 。
图3是由SIMS测得本发明生长的硅基III族氮化物薄膜中寄生导电层的Ga原子浓度示意图。
图中的1是硅衬底、2是III族氮化物薄膜、3是寄生导电层、4是氮化铝成核层、5是过渡层、6是氮化镓层。
具体实施方式
如图1所示,III族氮化物薄膜2生长在硅衬底1之上,在硅衬底1的上表面会形成寄生导电层3。其中III族氮化物薄膜2的结构包含氮化铝成核层4、过渡层5和氮化镓层6。其中氮化铝成核层4位于硅衬底1和过渡层5之间,过渡层5位于氮化铝成核层4和氮化镓层6之间。
氮化铝成核层的作用是给异质外延层的生长提供成核中心,促进III族氮化物源材料在硅衬底上凝结生长,改善其质量;过渡层位于氮化铝成核层和氮化镓层之间,过渡层的作用是:(一)有效缓解硅衬底与氮化镓层之间的晶格失配和热失配,防止氮化镓层发生张应变弛豫,产生裂纹。过渡层材料可以是铝组分阶变或渐变的铝镓氮层,也可以是III族氮化物超晶格层,或几者的组合。过渡层可以是一层材料,也可以由多层材料组成。(二)消灭一定比例的位错,提高其上氮化镓层的晶体质量。在硅衬底的上表面会形成一个寄生导电层,它属于硅衬底的一部分。
含高阻寄生导电层的硅基III族氮化物薄膜的生长方法,包括如下工艺步骤,以金属有机物化学气相淀积MOCVD方法为例,
1)采用111面单晶硅为衬底,将它置于金属有机物化学气相淀积MOCVD设备的反应室中;
2)在氢气气氛下对硅衬底进行10分钟的退火处理,处理温度限制在900-1000℃之间;
3)生长氮化铝成核层,生长温度为低温650-950℃;
4)在氮化铝成核层上生长过渡层和氮化镓层,完成III族氮化物薄膜的生长。
本发明的实施方式可参照图1给出以下两种实施例:
实施例
1
参照图1,含高阻寄生导电层的硅基III族氮化物薄膜的生长方法,以金属有机物化学气相淀积(MOCVD)方法为例,
1)采用111面单晶硅为衬底,将它置于金属有机物化学气相淀积MOCVD设备的反应室中;
2)在氢气气氛下对硅衬底进行10分钟的退火处理,处理温度为1000℃;
3)生长氮化铝成核层,生长温度为低温650℃;
4)在氮化铝成核层上生长过渡层和氮化镓层,完成III族氮化物薄膜的生长。
实施例
2
参照图1,含高阻寄生导电层的硅基III族氮化物薄膜的生长方法,以金属有机物化学气相淀积(MOCVD)方法为例,
1)采用111面单晶硅为衬底,将它置于金属有机物化学气相淀积MOCVD设备的反应室中;
2)在氢气气氛下对硅衬底进行10分钟的退火处理,处理温度为900℃;
3)生长氮化铝成核层,生长温度为低温900℃;
4)在氮化铝成核层上生长过渡层和氮化镓层,完成III族氮化物薄膜的生长。
为了体现本发明的效果,使用SIMS测量比较了本发明实施例和根据现有技术生长的硅基III族氮化物薄膜中寄生导电层的Ga原子浓度。参考图2和图3,根据现有技术生长的硅基III族氮化物薄膜中寄生导电层的Ga原子在硅表面接近1×1018cm-3,离硅表面1μm处,仍有高达1×1016cm-3的含量水平(图2),而根据本发明实施例1生长的硅基III族氮化物薄膜中寄生导电层的Ga原子在硅表面只有1×1017cm-3左右,离硅表面1μm处,Ga原子浓度已经下降到1×1015cm-3以下(图3)。因此,与现有技术相比,根据本发明的实施例生长的硅基III族氮化物薄膜中寄生导电层的Ga原子浓度得到显著降低。
降低硅基III族氮化物薄膜中寄生导电层的Ga原子浓度,对III族氮化物微波功率器件的积极作用已经得到多位学者的研究和阐释,本发明不再赘述。
对于本领域的专业人员来说,在了解了本发明内容和原理后,能够在不背离本发明的原理和范围的情况下,根据本发明的方法进行形式和细节上的各种修正和改变,但是这些基于本发明的修正和改变仍在本发明的权利要求保护范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.含高阻寄生导电层的硅基III族氮化物薄膜,其结构包含硅衬底和硅基III族氮化物薄膜,其中硅基III族氮化物薄膜包含氮化铝成核层、过渡层和氮化镓层,其中氮化铝成核层位于硅衬底和过渡层之间;
在硅衬底的上表面会形成寄生导电层;
含高阻寄生导电层的硅基III族氮化物薄膜的生长方法,包括如下步骤:
1)采用111面单晶硅为衬底,将它置于金属有机物化学气相淀积MOCVD设备的反应室中;
2)在氢气气氛下对硅衬底进行10分钟的退火处理,处理温度为1000℃;
3)生长氮化铝成核层,生长温度为低温650℃;
4)在氮化铝成核层上生长过渡层和氮化镓层,完成III族氮化物薄膜的生长;
使得寄生导电层的Ga原子在硅表面只有1×1017cm-3左右,离硅表面1μm处,Ga原子浓度已经下降到1×1015cm-3以下。
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