CN103646491B - The method and apparatus of fire detection in a kind of tunnel - Google Patents
The method and apparatus of fire detection in a kind of tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN103646491B CN103646491B CN201310704192.XA CN201310704192A CN103646491B CN 103646491 B CN103646491 B CN 103646491B CN 201310704192 A CN201310704192 A CN 201310704192A CN 103646491 B CN103646491 B CN 103646491B
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Abstract
The invention discloses the method and apparatus of fire detection in a kind of tunnel, described method is for to install at least one group of laser beam emitting device and laser receiver at tunnel top, laser beam emitting device sends at least two bundle laser, laser receiver is by the luminous point distance signal input background computer receiving, compare with default decision content, send alarm of fire. By method design apparatus, at tunnel top, laser instrument transmitting visible laser is installed, make laser beam along on tunnel directive screen, on screen, will produce luminous point; In the time having fire to occur, the air variable density of being heated, refractive index changes and the laser beam direction of propagation is changed, and the luminous point that finally causes projecting on screen produces shake and skew by a relatively large margin; Utilize camera to read the skew of luminous point, thereby judge whether fire occurs.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fire prevention field, related to a kind of method and apparatus of fire detection, particularly related to onePlant the fire detection method and the device that are applied in the long and narrow space such as tunnel, subway.
Background technology
In freeway tunnel, after breaking out of fire, very easily produce a large amount of smog, toxic gas, causes anoxic in hole, visibilityReduction, indicator of trapped personnel and vehicle are difficult to escape, and therefore, the fire detection in long tunnel is expressway traffic safety monitoring systemOne of design and establishing and emphasis, in highway long tunnel, fire detection system and the complete situation of fire fighting device thereof often becomeThe prerequisite that can road be opened safely.
In the prior art, in freeway tunnel, breaking out of fire detection has following several method conventionally:
(1) linear air hose differential temperature fire detector
Linear air hose differential temperature fire detector operation principle is to utilize the sealing copper pipe tunnel fire that is laid in tunnel topThe thermal current impact that calamity produces causes that copper pipe inner air pressure increases, and forms the pressure between gas in the seal box that communicates with itPoor, once pressure differential reaches after setting value, touch electronic switch, produce fire alarm signal.
(2) linear temperature sensing cable fire-alarm
Linear temperature sensing cable fire-alarm is to utilize the special temperature sensing cable being laid in tunnel length range in differenceUnder environment temperature, the physical parameter of temperature sensing cable shows the principle of different parameter values and comes in real-time detection streamer length rangeAmbient temperature and temperature rise rate, the location to fire detection position and subregion be mainly by temperature sensing cable by subregion needWanting segmentation that different detection zones are independently set realizes.
(3) linear optical fiber distributed temperature detector
Optical fiber distributed temperature detection system operation principle is fiber optic temperature Radar Technology, and LASER Light Source injects along optical fiberLight pulse, pulse major part can pass to optical fiber connector and disappear, and only has small part Raman diffused light to return along fiber reflection,And the physical value of the Raman diffused light that this part reflects can change along with the variation of fiber optic temperature, by reflectingRaman diffused light carry out analyzing and processing, judge the Temperature Distribution situation of whole piece optical fiber direction.
(4) dual wavelength flame detector
Dual wavelength fire detector taking day company of instinct U.S. product as representative. It is to utilize the distinctive flame wavelength of detection of firesDetect tunnel fire hazard, its operation principle is to utilize the flame wavelength detection equipment that is installed on tunnel-side, and detection of fires occursThe wavelength of Shi Huoyan, and the specific frequency of flame flicking, the by analysis change frequency of fire burning and the spatial distribution spy of fireA situation arises after property, to judge fire. This detection technique detects that flame just produces and reports to the police, and this point and temperature-sensitive judge fireCompletely different, do not need the judgement of temperature and fire, also obstructed excess temperature trend changes and judges and therefore can not produce wrong report by fireSituation.
These prior aries respectively have feature above, also have limitation separately. Linear air hose differential temperature fire detector, lineSexy warm cable fire alarm, three kinds of schemes of linear optical fiber distributed temperature detector are all that temperature-sensitive judges fire, air hoseOr cable has been heated and could have reported to the police, response speed is slow, easily affects Fire Fighting Time adversely. And dual wavelength flame detector is scarcePoint is can produce wrong report to the sunshine of direct projection, therefore requires tunnel portal place that shading tent is installed, to block direct sunlight shadowThe loud detector nearest from hole. And its must direct detection to burning things which may cause a fire disaster, if hidden by tall and big objects such as the oversize vehicles in tunnelGear cannot judge in time.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the method for fire detection in a kind of more reliable tunnel.
Another goal of the invention is to provide the device of fire detection in a kind of corresponding tunnel.
For realizing first goal of the invention, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A method for fire detection in tunnel, is characterized in that: at tunnel top, at least one group of Laser emission dress is installedPut and laser receiver, laser beam emitting device sends at least two bundle laser, and laser receiver is by the luminous point spacing receivingSignal input background computer, compares with default decision content, if luminous point distance signal exceedes default decision content scope,Send alarm of fire.
Further, two groups of laser beam emitting devices and laser receiver are installed in interval.
For realizing second goal of the invention, the technical scheme adopting is such:
A device for fire detection in tunnel, is characterized in that: comprise that at least one group of laser beam emitting device and laser connectReceiving apparatus laser beam emitting device at least can send two bundle laser, and its luminous bundle is received by laser receiver; After also comprising onePlatform computer, the luminous point situation of movement that laser receiver is received is processed, and reads luminous point distance signal, and with defaultDecision content is compared, if luminous point distance signal exceedes default decision content scope, sends alarm of fire.
Further, described laser receiver is screen and the camera that reads screen image.
Further, comprise two groups of laser beam emitting devices and laser receiver, interval arranges.
Mechanism of the present invention is such: at tunnel top, laser instrument transmitting visible laser is installed, is made laser beam along tunnelOn directive screen, on screen, will produce luminous point; In the time having fire to occur, the air variable density of being heated, refractive index change andThe laser beam direction of propagation is changed, and the luminous point that finally causes projecting on screen produces shake and skew by a relatively large margin; ProfitRead the skew of luminous point with camera, thereby judge whether fire occurs.
In the time having vehicle to cross, can cause certain vibrations, thereby luminous point on screen is moved, therefore the present invention adoptsTwo bundle parallel lasers, can be the independent two bundle laser that produce, and can be also that a laser instrument produces beam of laser, then use gratingBe separated into two bundle parallel lasers Deng device. Like this, the deflection of optical point that non-cause of fire is caused, on screen, two luminous points are synchronousSkew; And when breaking out of fire, local air refractive index changes, the variation of this air refraction in subrange alsoNot uniformly, and constantly change, make original two parallel bundle laser become no longer parallel, final two of obtaining on screenLuminous point moves to different directions. If using one of them luminous point as reference, investigate another luminous point with respect to reference to luminous point whetherMobile, can judge whether breaking out of fire.
Under normal circumstances, the tail gas that vehicle produces, the fan that some vehicle roof is installed, also can change sharp by a small marginLight path, but this change is very little; Therefore background computer can be set a threshold value, for example the normal pitch of two luminous points is20cm, calculates and sets luminous point possible range by following embodiment, exceedes this scope for unusual, sends alarm signal.
Screen of the present invention only needs diffuse reflection, can show laser spot, less demanding, also can directly use in tunnel existingSome traffic mark boards, billboard etc. LASER Light Source, camera lens need to keep clean, in order to avoid dust, flue dust etc. in tunnelPollute optics working face. Equipment can be arranged in protective cover, filter screen is installed at protective cover rear portion, and that by fan, process is filtered is clearClean air blows out from protective cover front portion, makes under the optics working face protection in clean air all the time of protective cover front portion.
The present invention can use one group of Laser emission-receiving system, also can use many groups, overlapping laying in tunnel,Can better provide monitoring quality.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 the present invention screen schematic diagram under normal circumstances.
Screen schematic diagram under Fig. 3 fire condition of the present invention.
The optics working face protection schematic diagram of Fig. 4 embodiment of the present invention.
The overlapping schematic diagram that lays of Fig. 5 embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Referring to each accompanying drawing, the present embodiment comprises LASER Light Source A, and it can launch two bundles laser beam parallel to each other. (for justIn statement, be called G light, R light), project with LASER Light Source on the screen B of L, make two luminous points of the upper demonstration of B. These twoLuminous point can be absorbed by the video camera C before screen.
Video camera obtains the dot pattern picture as Fig. 2. G point, R point be respectively equipment debugging complete after, two bundle laser G light, R light produceRaw original hot spot. If because lasercom transmitter equipment vibrations on mounting bracket cause that luminous point moves, move to G ' point, R ' point. ?In this case, G point is consistent with R point to the displacement of R ' point to the displacement between G ' point, and both displacement difference are zero.
If LASER Light Source A and the somewhere breaking out of fire of screen between B in tunnel, the air of the fire nidus rising of being heated,Also can there is turbulent flow while rising in heated air, its density has irregular change, thereby it is irregular, uneven that air refraction is occurredEven change. Air in these laser optical paths in fire nidus top, there is irregular, inhomogeneous changing in its refractive indexBecome, make original two parallel bundle laser change respectively propagation path at this place, deflect. Because air is inhomogeneous herein, two-beam deflection obtains and is inconsistent, and they are no longer parallel. Like this, luminous point the G ' ' point on screen, R ' ' point and original hot spot G point,The displacement that R is ordered is also inconsistent. As Fig. 3.
G ' ' point, R ' ' point are taken by video camera. Were it not for fire, the R ' that R light should drop on Fig. 3 locates. But actual Fig. 3 that drops onR ' ' locate. So, side-play amountBe exactly using G light as benchmark, the relative displacement that R light produces because of fire. ?
Wherein vectorThe offset vector of G being ordered for original luminous point R point. This value is fixing constant, is stored in backstage meterIn calculation machine. And the video camera deflection of optical point that directly shooting obtains is. Background computer is according to this side-play amount and storageCalculateIf the variation (shake) of this vector exceedes threshold value, is judged as fire.
For the optics working face of protection LASER Light Source and video camera is not subject to the pollution of dust, flue dust etc., the embodiment of the present inventionAdopt the scheme of clean air protection. As shown in Figure 4, LASER Light Source or video camera are placed on the protective cover of filter screen and fanIn, the air outside protective cover sucks protective cover through filter screen under the effect of fan, then discharges from protective cover is anterior, makes laser lightUnder the protection in clean air all the time of source or video camera. Meanwhile, continue mobile air-flow and also played the effect of dispelling the heat.
If when fire ignition point is closer apart from screen, two bundle parallel lasers project on screen after ignition point deflection,For judging side-play amount size S that whether fire occur little. In order to improve sensitivity, can be by overlapping apparatus of the present invention clothPut. As shown in Figure 5, ignition point F is closer apart from the screen B1 of first set device, lays, so at the second covering device because overlappingScreen B2 on also can detect, and ignition point F is enough far away apart from B2, sensitivity can be guaranteed. Lay for avoiding overlappingCheckout gear block mutually light path, apparatus of the present invention can suitably stagger left and right at tunnel top.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the protection domain of this patent is not limited in above-mentioned enforcement sideFormula. Every technical scheme that belongs to the principle of the invention all belongs to the protection domain of this patent. For those skilled in the art andSpeech, some improvements and modifications of carrying out under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as this speciallyThe protection domain of profit.
Claims (5)
1. a method for fire detection in tunnel, is characterized in that: at tunnel top, at least one group of laser beam emitting device is installedAnd laser receiver, laser beam emitting device sends at least two bundle laser, and laser receiver is by the luminous point spacing letter receivingNumber input background computer, compares with default decision content, if luminous point distance signal exceedes default decision content scope, sends outGo out alarm of fire.
2. according to the method for fire detection in a kind of tunnel claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: two groups of laser are installed at intervalEmitter and laser receiver.
3. a device for fire detection in tunnel, is characterized in that: comprise at least one group of laser beam emitting device and laser pick-offDevice laser beam emitting device at least can send two bundle laser, and its luminous bundle is received by laser receiver; Also comprise a backstageComputer, the luminous point situation of movement that laser receiver is received is processed, and reads luminous point distance signal, and with default sentencingDefinite value is compared, if luminous point distance signal exceedes default decision content scope, sends alarm of fire.
4. according to the device of fire detection in a kind of tunnel claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: described laser pick-off dressBe set to screen and read the camera of screen image.
5. according to the device of fire detection in a kind of tunnel claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: comprise two groups of Laser emissionDevice and laser receiver, interval arranges.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310704192.XA CN103646491B (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2013-12-20 | The method and apparatus of fire detection in a kind of tunnel |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310704192.XA CN103646491B (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2013-12-20 | The method and apparatus of fire detection in a kind of tunnel |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN103646491A CN103646491A (en) | 2014-03-19 |
| CN103646491B true CN103646491B (en) | 2016-05-11 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201310704192.XA Expired - Fee Related CN103646491B (en) | 2013-12-20 | 2013-12-20 | The method and apparatus of fire detection in a kind of tunnel |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107607614A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2018-01-19 | 重庆交通大学 | A kind of steel construction defect detecting device and method based on eddy heating for heating deflection spectrum |
| CN113643503A (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-11-12 | 上海嘉筠通信技术有限公司 | Adopt 77G radar module to realize smoke alarm of amortization function |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US5576697A (en) * | 1993-04-30 | 1996-11-19 | Hochiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Fire alarm system |
| CN201421646Y (en) * | 2009-05-22 | 2010-03-10 | 宝钢发展有限公司 | Fireproof anti-theft early warning device |
| CN102622848B (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2014-05-21 | 武汉发博科技有限公司 | Radiating point-type optical fiber smoke-sensitive fire detector |
| CN203038420U (en) * | 2012-11-29 | 2013-07-03 | 西安博康中瑞船舶设备有限公司 | Control circuit of laser smoke alarm |
| CN203192158U (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2013-09-11 | 长安大学 | Tunnel fire alarm device |
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Granted publication date: 20160511 Termination date: 20161220 |