Background technology
For current serious haze weather, the solution that technos both domestic and external proposes is now all long-term schemes, as: remove a large amount of use coal and do the factory of fuel and comprise steam power plant, steel mill, coking plant of coal-fired power plant, heating etc., use substitute gas coal to carry out warming and generating, advocate energetically planting trees and grass, advocate many-sided energy-saving and emission-reduction, these are all very correct undoubtedly, however this equal non-merit overnight.
The main energy sources of China be take coal as main, with substitute gas coal, look very beautiful, but it is a lot of by general calculating, to can't help query, as: the calorific value of 1 kilogram of mark coal is 7000 kilocalories, the calorific value of 1 cubic metre of natural gas is 8400 kilocalories, and the 1000 cubic metres of natural gases that convert are approximately equivalent to 1.2 tons of mark coals.Data according to the year before last, northern China only warming is exactly 400,000,000 tons of left and right by coal amount, so just need the natural gas of 3300 billion cubic meter left and right to substitute, so the natural gas of enormous quantity is only also the needs of heating this part, if most of coal-fired factory is carried out to the transformation that coal changes gas, so needed natural gas quantity is just larger, where remove to find the natural gas of so large quantity? can the natural gas of so large quantity guarantee stable supply for a long time? also has a maximum problem that is difficult to overcome, the time of realizing of this long-term project is oversize exactly, the most difficult is exactly that we do not have the time of 50 years to go British method and the experience of administering haze of study really, the method of this long-term improvement haze, to have used for reference " smog episode in london " that Britain occurred in the fifties, Englishman has used 50 years finally to administer, yet this method is also unrealistic concerning present China, the consumption time is oversize.
Thisly indiscriminately imitate foreign mode and administer the present serious haze of China, it is not a good scheme, should invent or innovate a kind of fast, low-cost technical scheme of administering haze, but consulted multinomial technical data both domestic and external all without technology and the experience of this respect.
Someone also proposes to use the way of rain making, haze is administered, yet, the chief predictor hippology money expert of the Central Meteorological Observatory points out " by rain making, eliminating haze; both uneconomical also unrealistic ", and this is because rain making must have certain condition,, must there is certain cumulonimbus layer, and be just in the overhead in haze area.If it is also impracticable adopting the mode of water spray, because there is no the water of these super flood tides can use, also spray on the top that can not cheaply the water of these super flood tides be taken to haze layer, make water eliminate haze, control bad meeting and make water become droplet, increase the weight of on the contrary haze, only on ground, to spray a large amount of water now, substantially be not have effectively, the too many road surface of Spraying Water in Winter also easily freezes, so use spraying to eliminate haze, is actually impracticable.
In addition, really the method that also has nothing better at home and abroad at present, can administer fast, cheaply haze, the situation of haze is more and more serious situation, this point is the common recognition of national all circles, must try every possible means it to administer fast, cheaply, otherwise Arrested Development not only, and under the shrouding of serious haze, it is nonsensical that the economic well-being of workers and staff of all becomes.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cost low, can eliminate fast the method for haze on a large scale.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
Elimination is a method for haze on a large scale, comprises the following steps:
Steps A, it is 600~2000 object nonmetallic mineral material powder that nonmetallic mineral material is pulverized;
Step B, on aircraft, arrange a kind of elimination on a large scale haze with making nonmetallic mineral material powder belt electrostatic equipment;
Step C, the go up to the air top of haze layer of aircraft;
Step D, a kind of elimination of nonmetallic mineral material powder by aircraft on a large scale haze with nonmetallic mineral material powder belt electrostatic equipment is sprayed, a powder spout sprays positively charged nonmetallic mineral material powder, and another powder spout sprays electronegative nonmetallic mineral material powder.
Nonmetallic mineral material described in steps A is attapulgite clay, kieselguhr, kaolin, montmorillonite, zeolite or loess.
Aircraft described in step B refers to carry constant weight and lift-off height can reach 4000 meters and the large-scale airfreighter moving freely, medium-sized or above unmanned aerial vehicle, medium-and-large-sized helicopter or dirigible.
A kind of elimination described in step B on a large scale haze with making nonmetallic mineral material powder belt electrostatic equipment, comprise aircraft, also comprise near the metal grate in powder spout outer end that is arranged on aircraft, metal grate is connected with the top of High-Voltage Insulation body support frame, the bottom of High-Voltage Insulation body support frame is fixedly connected on the outer bulkhead of aircraft, described metal grate is connected with HV generator by wire, and described HV generator is connected with battery; Nonmetallic mineral material powder is placed in powder warehouse, and the discharging opening of described powder warehouse is provided with blast fan with the pipeline that described powder spout is connected; Described powder warehouse, blast fan, HV generator and battery are fixedly connected on respectively on the floor, interior cabin of aircraft nacelle.
Described metal grate is consistent with the size and number of powder spout, for more than two.
Described metal grate is connected into comb formula by the steel bar welding of 8~10mm.
Described High-Voltage Insulation body support frame is High-Voltage Electrical Appliances porcelain vase, is more than two.
Described battery is the battery of 12V or 24V voltage.
Adopt the elimination provided by the invention method of haze on a large scale, utilize aircraft that nonmetallic mineral material powder is carried out to electrically charged sprinkling at the top of haze layer, the particle spraying is can automatically decline under the attraction force acts of the earth in weight, can be because entrained electric charge be positive polarity and negative polarity in the process declining, under the electric charge effect that there is a natural attraction between the sexes, particle and a part of pernicious gas in the absorption haze of meeting rapid, high volume, make the particle of aeroge state and the particle of sprinkling that in haze layer, suspend form larger granule rapid subsidence to ground, these condense after the agglomerate particle of rapid subsidence can be automatically separated with air, reach the effect of quick elimination haze fresh air.Adopt the elimination provided by the invention method of haze on a large scale, not only can eliminate fast haze, multiple poisonous and hazardous gas and particle in simultaneously can also absorbed air, make hazardous substances and air separation, makes atmosphere become cleaner.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment and accompanying drawing thereof, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
A kind of elimination provided by the invention is the method for haze on a large scale, comprises the following steps:
Steps A, it is 600~2000 object nonmetallic mineral material powder that nonmetallic mineral material is pulverized.This nonmetallic mineral material is the nonmetallic mineral material that attapulgite clay, kieselguhr, kaolin, montmorillonite, zeolite or loess etc. have micropore character.The attapulgite clay profile that major part presents when excavating is the soil of dust shape, as long as carry out twice screening by 600~2000 eye mesh screens, can obtain.Kieselguhr, kaolin, montmorillonite, zeolite or loess etc. have the nonmetallic mineral powder of micropore character, use the disintegrating apparatus such as ball mill to pulverize rear screening.The screening criteria of its particle is, different according to the density of different kinds, selects to determine the weight of smallest particles thing, and standard is that the weight that air holder does not live is as the criterion.
Step B, on aircraft, install a kind of elimination on a large scale haze with making nonmetallic mineral material powder belt electrostatic equipment.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of elimination on a large scale haze, with making nonmetallic mineral material powder belt electrostatic equipment, comprises aircraft, also comprises near two metal grate 5 of two powder spout 7 outer ends that are arranged on aircraft.Aircraft refers to carry constant weight and lift-off height can reach 4000 meters and the large-scale airfreighter moving freely, medium-sized or above unmanned aerial vehicle, medium-and-large-sized helicopter or dirigible.Aircraft comprises aircraft head 1 and aircraft nacelle 2.According to different aircraft, also can there be a plurality of powder spouts, metal grate 5 is consistent with the size and number of powder spout 7, at least more than two.Metal grate 5 is used the thick steel bar welding of diameter 8~10mm to be connected into comb formula, and spacing of reinforcement is 10~30mm.The below of metal grate 5 is by iron wire colligation on the top of High-Voltage Insulation body support frame 6, and the bottom of High-Voltage Insulation body support frame 6 is bonding or be riveted on the outer bulkhead 13 of aircraft.High-Voltage Insulation body support frame 6 is High-Voltage Electrical Appliances porcelain vase, uses High-Voltage Electrical Appliances porcelain vase to do support, can guarantee 3.5 ten thousand volts not breakdown.According to the difference size of metal grate 5, High-Voltage Insulation body support frame 6 is more than 2, and quantity so that install and use is advisable.Two metal grate 5 are connected with the both positive and negative polarity of HV generator 11 with cathode conductor 12 by positive wire 8 respectively.HV generator is battery-driven by 12~24V voltage, and the DC static voltage of HV generator is 2~30,000 volts, and electricity Liu≤0.00001 ampere is the HV generator of adjustable type.HV generator 11 is connected with battery 10, and battery 10 is the battery of 12V or 24V voltage, power supply is provided to HV generator 11.Nonmetallic mineral material powder is placed in powder warehouse 3, and the pipeline that the discharging opening of powder warehouse 3 is connected with powder spout 7 is provided with blast fan 4.Powder warehouse 3, blast fan 4, HV generator 11 and battery 10 are fixedly connected on respectively on the floor, interior cabin of aircraft nacelle 2.
Step C, the go up to the air top of haze layer of aircraft.The thickness of general haze layer is 1000~3000 meters of left and right, and a little more than this highly, this does not affect normal schedule flight to the flying height of aircraft, and the minimum flight altitude of normal airline carriers of passengers is 7000 meters.
Step D, at haze layer top, by nonmetallic mineral material powder, by powder spout and the device of nonmetallic mineral material powder belt static is sprayed, a spout sprays positively charged nonmetallic mineral material powder, and another spout sprays electronegative nonmetallic mineral material powder.
HV generator, by direct current oscillation boosting, is high voltage direct current through high-voltage rectifier rectification after boosting, and the positive pole of this high voltage direct current is positively charged, and negative pole is electronegative, although voltage is very high, electric current is minimum.The positive pole of this DC high-voltage is wired in the metal grate 5 of a powder spout, and the nonmetallic mineral material powder of this powder spout ejection, by being with and having gone up positive charge after this metal grate 5.The negative pole of this DC high-voltage is wired in the metal grate of another powder spout, and the nonmetallic mineral material powder of this powder spout ejection, by being with and having gone up negative electrical charge after this metal grate.Although the voltage of HV generator is very high, but because electric current minimum can regarding as, does not have electric current substantially, but any object proximity or can the sensed high-pressure electrostatic electric charge with upper positive polarity and negative polarity during by this high-pressure electrostatic district, as long as use this device to carry out insulating layer, two charge areas are kept apart.
Aircraft carries out electrically charged sprinkling by nonmetallic mineral material powder at the top of haze layer, these carry respectively after the nonmetallic mineral material powder ejection of positive charge and negative electrical charge, the particle spraying is can automatically decline under the attraction force acts of the earth in weight, in the process declining, first can be spread, rotate by the swirling eddy of blowing over to rear portion of the discharge that screw produces of aircraft, also can under the effect of the tip station generation rotating vortex of aircraft, further spread, rotate, mix.In the decline of diffusion, rotation, admixture, meeting absorption approaches or encounters on the way, particle all that comprise PM10, PM2.5, PM0.5 and more tiny granularity are suspended in airborne suspended particulate, the more little more easily absorption of fineness of particle.Simultaneously in the process of this decline, these adsorbing distances are minimum all more than 1000 meters, so can adsorb extremely many particles, this type of nonmetallic mineral powder is because have a large amount of microcellular structures, originally just there is the effect that character of part active carbon adsorb pernicious gas, on carrying, after electric charge, absorption property increases substantially, and therefore can adsorb a large amount of pernicious gases simultaneously.
The present invention is by spraying charged nonmetallic mineral material powder at haze layer top, utilization is with the effect of absorption mutually of charges of different polarity particle, break particle electric charge in haze and be equilibrium state, break after this haze particle charge balance, under multiple elemental effect, the thermodynamic cycle effect of sunshine, the mixing and absorption effect of circulating current, the diffusion of flowing material from high concentration to low concentration, the asynchronous gravitational motion effect of material proportion etc. comprehensive function, make the natural purifying ability of atmosphere itself fully be strengthened and improve, eliminate voluntarily rapidly haze, in eliminating haze, particle carries out separated with air simultaneously, thereby purified air.
Although the geographic coverage of spraying by aircraft is very little, but cause that the scope that haze layer changes is very greatly, also can say, we utilize this means, have broken the haze layer that is equilibrium state, strengthened the detergent power that atmosphere itself originally just had, this benign cycle effect is continued for a long time automatically, just can control large-scale haze, make it to eliminate and and air separation, after particle sedimentation, in air, impurity reduces, and air has just become clean like this.
Nonmetallic mineral material powder is to be cavernous material, itself just there is the effect of absorption multiple harmful substances and gas, airborne oxynitrides in the process declining, sulphate particle, nitrate granules, and the hydrogen sulfide that is gaseous state, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, hydrocarbon, the gas that ozone etc. are harmful all can be absorbed a sizable part, the order of severity of the haze of administering as required, throw in the nonmetallic mineral material powder of varying number, reach our needed regulation effect, the general nonmetallic mineral material powder of throwing in is more, the effect of adsorbing hazardous substances is better, under the stable state of local atmosphere, effect is more obvious.
Throw in the quantity of nonmetallic mineral material powder and according to the thickness of haze layer and the order of severity, carry out the control of supply volume, also can carry out corresponding adjustment according to local humidity, as larger in southern area humidity ratio, can select the sprinkling particle of 600~2000 order granularity bigger than normal, in northern humidity compared with I to select partially short grained sprinkling particle powder, in a word, this is to regulate and control according to concrete haze situation.When in locality, calm and haze is serious, effect can be better, and autocoagulation phenomenon at this moment can high efficiency carrying out, and when lighter haze, can throw in less quantity.
In a word, utilize nonmetallic mineral material powder, from haze layer top, spray, can eliminate fast haze, its effect shows following two main aspects:
1. by throwing in very little a part of nonmetallic mineral material powder, utilize the charges of different polarity can automatic absorbing to the electrochemistry flocculation, the coagulation that form together large particle, break the charge balance state in original haze, make the particle in haze condense into heavy, under the Action of Gravity Field of the earth, automatically drop to ground.
2. break after the charge balance of haze, the script self of atmosphere is strengthened with regard to the self-purification capacity having, under multiple elemental acting in conjunction, enter into the benign recurrent state of quick self-cleaning, now do not need to add again artificial investment and intervention, a kind of mode that art is good for strength, this phenomenon we can when bittern is order bean curd, to observe similar phenomenon as follows.The bittern that the soya-bean milk of one cauldron (100 kilograms of left and right) point is entered only only has several two, about one thousandth, two, the soya-bean milk that this cauldron is white in color (is exactly all with identical electric charge, and the tiny bean or pea suspended particulate substance that presents equilibrium state, when charge balance, just present milky liquid, can autocoagulation even if be heated to the state of boiling yet, separated) as long as still add the bittern of smaller part bowl, will condense into rapidly the Tofu pudding of solid and a large amount of clear water at once, this speed of condensing is exceedingly fast, the bittern of clicking and entering not is or comprehensive engagement whole with this soya-bean milk juice of more than 100 kilograms, yet the people who in person sees this process sees, substantially it is the time (times of more than 0.0 seconds) of " at a wink ", just condensed soon especially, namely Tofu pudding has carried out quick separated with water, original opaque soya-bean milk, become Tofu pudding and clear water, its principle is exactly by the electrochemical flocculation of electric charge, the quick segregation phenomenon that coagulation produces.
Embodiment:
Use one of fortune five type agricultural aircraft, load 1500 kilograms of attapulgite clay powder, the granularity of powder is 800~1200 orders (Central China's humidity is larger), and the weather of there and then is to belong to serious haze sky.Transport five type agricultural aircrafts, the device that sprays powder is installed.The technical data of transporting five type agricultural aircrafts is: 5250 kilograms of maximum take-off weights, 1500 kilograms of maximum loads, 256,000 ms/h of maximal raties, voyage 845 kms, actual load 1,500kg, cruising speed 160km/h, ceiling 4500m, climb rate 2m/s, take off distance 180m, landing distance 157m.
Weather forecast: calm in a short time, local weather degree of contamination is severe haze sky, visibility extreme difference, restrict driving in the flight grounding, expressway, running car need be opened Fog-proof light extremely slowly, the Atmospheric Survey instrument of PM2.5 is by " quick-fried table ", and pedestrian wears masks, and feels to choke very much people during breathing.
8 o'clock mornings, load taking off of attapulgite clay powder, after 15 minutes, reach 2500 meters of height, at the top of haze layer, be the blue sky that the sun is shining above, be the city that serious haze covers below.Aircraft with the cruising speed flight of 160 kilometers per hour, is the overhead, city of 2000 square kilometres at haze layer top at an area, with S shape course line, back and forth flies and sprays the attapulgite clay powder of two kinds of charge properties, and one hour been sprayed, makes a return voyage.After 1 hour there is the atmosphere that becomes the gradually transparent cavity of 10~20 kilometers of diameters in this overhead, city, and more and more transparent, sunshine can direct projection ground, under the heat effect and urban heat land effect of sunshine, after 1 hour, at this empty position, produced the ascending air of rotation, diffusion, this cavity has been increasing, after 2 hours, the haze in overhead, whole city gradually reduces, weather is more and more brighter, this effect can be automatic continuous 2~7 days, and haze is by fewer and feweri.
Elimination provided by the invention is the method for haze on a large scale, can also use the occasion at the pernicious gas of a large amount of soot dust granule things of processing of needs or a large amount of discharges, as: the places such as discharge place of the chimney place of coal-fired power plant, discharge place of coking plant, straw burning place, garbage burning factory, do not need to use aircraft in these local use the present invention.Only need to set up a pylon, from pylon, in need scope to be processed, spray, like this, these pollution sources produced pollution things can be comprised to gas, particle etc. process and eliminate in source, make its in the scope of 1~2 kilometer automatic sedimentation to ground, from source, administer, its meaning that reduces discharging, eliminates haze is larger.