CN103638805B - 一种双还原剂的cfb锅炉sncr烟气脱硝方法 - Google Patents
一种双还原剂的cfb锅炉sncr烟气脱硝方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103638805B CN103638805B CN201310685703.8A CN201310685703A CN103638805B CN 103638805 B CN103638805 B CN 103638805B CN 201310685703 A CN201310685703 A CN 201310685703A CN 103638805 B CN103638805 B CN 103638805B
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000003638 reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
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- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea Chemical compound 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NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种双还原剂的CFB锅炉SNCR烟气脱硝方法，属于锅炉烟气脱硝领域，包括：当旋风分离器入口烟道烟气温度850℃以上，或者，CFB锅炉负荷在70％BMCR以上时，选择从旋风分离器入口烟道喷入常规氨还原剂；当旋风分离器入口烟道烟气温度低于850℃（650-850℃），或者，CFB锅炉负荷低于70％BMCR时，选择从炉膛上部、旋风分离器入口烟道和分离器出口烟道中的一处或多处喷入以能产生活性氨组分的还原剂。本发明实现在CFB锅炉全负荷工况下的高效SNCR脱硝，以保证CFB锅炉NOx排放浓度控制在100mg/Nm3以下（GB13223-2011）以及更低。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于锅炉烟气脱硝领域，尤其涉及CFB锅炉SNCR烟气脱硝。
背景技术
[0002] 选择性非催化还原(SNCR)烟气脱硝是一种发展成熟的NOx控制技术。SNCR主要原理是在没有催化剂作用下，向850-1170°C高温烟气中注射还原剂，还原剂与烟气中NOx反应生成水和N2。与选择性催化还原(SCR)脱硝工艺相比，SNCR具有工艺简单、投资和运行成本低的特点，特别适合于炉膛出口 NOx浓度相对较低的循环流化床(CFB)锅炉。
[0003] 现有的CFB-SNCR技术主要是在CFB锅炉旋风分离器入口水平烟道处喷入还原剂(氨水/尿素/氨气)，还原剂在旋风分离器内与烟气混合并与烟气中NOx发生反应。旋风分离器内烟气与还原剂混合剧烈，有利于NOx的还原，使得CFB-SNCR技术的脱硝效率在较高负荷工况下(70-100%BMCR，此时分离器入口烟气温度通常为850-950°C)能达到50%以上，最高能达到70%的脱硝效率。
[0004] 但是，当CFB锅炉低负荷运行，如30-70%锅炉负荷工况，此时炉膛温度低于800-850°C，已经低于以氨水/尿素/氨气为还原剂的SNCR最佳反应温度，SNCR脱硝效率很低或无效果，不能满足此工况下CFB锅炉的脱硝要求。因此，必须进一步提升CFB-SNCR技术，提高CFB-SNCR技术对锅炉负荷的适应性，同时进一步提高SNCR脱硝技术的脱硝效率，以保证CFB锅炉在全负荷工况下满足NOx排放达标，保持CFB锅炉在污染物控制方面的优势。
发明内容
[0005] 本发明的目的在于:针对现有CFB-SNCR脱硝技术存在的缺陷和不足，本发明提供一种双还原剂系统，根据CFB锅炉不同负荷下的温度窗口，选取不同脱硝还原剂在锅炉不同喷射区域实施脱硝还原剂的喷射组合，实现在CFB锅炉全负荷工况下的高效SNCR脱硝，以保证CFB锅炉NOx排放浓度控制在100mg/Nm3以下(GB13223-2011)以及更低。
[0006] 本发明目的通过下述技术方案来实现:
[0007] —种双还原剂的CFB锅炉SNCR烟气脱硝方法，包括:
[0008] I)、当旋风分离器入口烟道烟气温度850°C以上，或者，CFB锅炉负荷在70% BMCR以上时，选择从旋风分离器入口烟道喷入以氨水、尿素或氨气常规氨还原剂；且当脱硝效率低于50%或不能满足脱硝要求时，选择从炉膛上部、旋风分离器入口烟道和分离器出口烟道同时喷入前述常规氨还原剂；
[0009] 2)、当旋风分离器入口烟道烟气温度为650-850°C，或者，CFB锅炉负荷低于70%BMCR时，选择从炉膛上部、旋风分离器入口烟道和分离器出口烟道中的一处或多处喷入以能产生活性氨组分的还原剂；或者，从旋风分离器入口烟道喷入前述以能产生活性氨组分的还原剂，同时从炉膛上部喷入前述常规氨还原剂。
[0010] 作为选择，所述常规氨还原剂为氨水、尿素或氨气。
[0011] 作为选择，所述能产生活性氨的还原剂为酰胺、甲胺或联胺等。
[0012] 本发明的技术方案主要由两部分组成，一是在CFB锅炉炉膛内针对不同的情况增加不同还原剂喷射点以提高常规还原剂(氨水/尿素/氨气)喷射时SNCR脱硝效率，取得成本与效率的最佳平衡；二是另设置一套能产生活性氨还原剂(如酰胺/甲胺/联胺等)的供应系统，在CFB锅炉旋风分离器入口温度低于850°C (650-850°C)时喷射能产生活性氨的还原剂。通过这两种联合方式满足尽可能低成本条件下、CFB锅炉全负荷工况脱硝并进一步提尚脱硝效率。
[0013] 本发明专利技术路线如下:
[0014] 1、保留CFB-SNCR脱硝还原剂常规注射点位置，即在常规还原剂能满足要求时，CFB锅炉旋风分离器入口水平烟道设置常规还原剂喷枪/喷管，将常规还原剂送入烟气发生脱硝反应，此时系统最为简单；
[0015] 2、当仅从分离器入口水平烟道喷射常规还原剂成本、效率不能满足NOx排放要求时，在CFB锅炉炉膛中上部、分离器出口烟道增加还原剂注射点，提高常规还原剂条件下的SNCR脱硝效率；
[0016] 3、当CFB锅炉负荷降低，烟气温度低于850°C(650-850°C )，常规还原剂(氨水/尿素/氨气)的SNCR脱硝成本、效率不能满足NOx排放要求时，另设置一套能产生活性氨还原剂(如酰胺/甲胺/联胺等)的供应系统。活性氨还原剂供应系统投入使用，以提高此温度范围内SNCR脱硝效率，满足NOx排放标准；或者，常规还原剂(氨水/尿素/氨气)供应系统和能产生活性氨还原剂(酰胺/甲胺/联胺等)供应系统同时投入使用。
[0017] 本发明的有益效果:本发明能够根据CFB锅炉不同负荷下的炉膛温度窗口及SNCR脱硝效率，为CFB锅炉提供不同的SNCR脱硝还原剂及其投运策略，保证在CFB锅炉全负荷运行工况下，尽可能低的成本下、CFB锅炉的NOx排放浓度均能满足国家排放标准。本发明使得在CFB锅炉NOx生成浓度达到400mg/Nm3的水平时，仍然能够以尽可能低的成本、仅采用SNCR脱硝技术便能满足NOx排放浓度限值〈100 mg/Nm3的要求(GB13223-2011 )，乃至更低达到50 mg/Nm3以下。
附图说明
[0018] 图1是本发明实施例的装置流程示意图。
具体实施方式
[0019] 下列非限制性实施例用于说明本发明。
[0020] 如图1所示，在某300MWCFB锅炉上采用双还原剂CFB-SNCR烟气脱硝技术降低NOx排放，根据流程示意图，描述如下:
[0021] CFB锅炉SNCR烟气脱硝还原剂供应系统设置两套:分别为以氨水/尿素/氨气为还原剂的常规还原剂供应系统21和以能产生活性氨组分还原剂的还原剂供应系统22，两套还原剂出口管线上分别设置阀门211和221 ;
[0022] 在锅炉100旋风分离器103的入口烟道102设置烟气温度测点26 ；
[0023] 在锅炉100旋风分尚器103的入口烟道102和炉膛上部101分别设置喷枪/喷管25，还可在分离器出口烟道104设置喷枪/喷管，喷枪/喷管25与还原剂供应管道24、还原剂输送装置23相连，还原剂输送装置23上游还原剂管线与两套还原剂管线的阀门211和221相连接；
[0024] 以温度测点26信号反馈控制两套还原剂出口管线上的阀门211和221，以切换或调节还原剂的喷入量；
[0025] 当旋风分离器103入口烟道102烟气温度测点26测量的温度850°C以上，或CFB锅炉负荷在70% BMCR以上时，优先选择从旋风分离器103入口烟道102喷入以氨水/尿素/氨气为还原剂的常规还原剂，如脱硝效率低于50%或不能满足脱硝效率，从炉膛上部101喷射点、旋风分离器103入口烟道102和分离器出口烟道104同时喷入还原剂；当旋风分离器103入口烟道102烟气温度测点26测量的烟气温度低于850°C (650_850°C )，或者锅炉负荷低于70% BMCR时，以能产生活性氨组分的还原剂供应系统22投入使用，从炉膛上部101喷射点、旋风分离器103入口烟道102和分离器出口烟道104中的一处或多处喷入活性氨还原剂；或者，两套还原剂系统21和22组合同时投入使用，例如21系统用于炉膛上部101喷射、22系统用于旋风分离器103入口烟道102喷射；
[0026] 还原剂喷枪/喷管25须插入旋风分离器水平烟道和炉墙内0.05-0.5m注射，以避免对旋风分离器内耐火材料和炉膛水冷壁管子造成腐蚀或破坏。
[0027] 实施例1:
[0028] 旋风分离器103入口烟道102烟气温度测点26测量的温度880_900°C，在旋风分离器入口喷射点喷射常规还原剂，脱硝效率为76.4%。
[0029] 实施例2:
[0030] 旋风分离器103入口烟道102烟气温度测点26测量的温度880_900°C，在旋风分离器入口和炉墙喷射点喷射常规还原剂，脱硝效率为91.8%。
[0031] 实施例3:
[0032] 旋风分离器103入口烟道102烟气温度测点26测量的温度810_830°C，在旋风分离器入口和炉墙喷射点喷射活性氨还原剂与常规还原剂，比例为1:3，脱硝效率为92.5%。
[0033] 实施例4:
[0034] 旋风分离器103入口烟道102烟气温度测点26测量的温度760_780°C，在旋风分离器入口和炉墙喷射点喷射活性氨还原剂与常规还原剂，比例为1:1，脱硝效率为90.3%。
[0035] 实施例5:
[0036] 旋风分离器103入口烟道102烟气温度测点26测量的温度710_730°C，在旋风分离器入口和炉墙喷射点喷射活性氨还原剂与常规还原剂，比例为3:1，脱硝效率为85.6%。
[0037] 实施例6:
[0038] 旋风分离器103入口烟道102烟气温度测点26测量的温度670-690°C，在旋风分离器入口和炉墙喷射点喷射活性氨还原剂，脱硝效率为81.7%。
[0039] 对比例1:
[0040] 旋风分离器103入口烟道102烟气温度测点26测量的温度810_830°C，在旋风分离器入口喷射常规还原剂，脱硝效率为52.37%。
[0041] 对比例2:
[0042] 旋风分离器103入口烟道102烟气温度测点26测量的温度760_780°C，在旋风分离器入口喷射常规还原剂，脱硝效率为20.0%。
[0043] 对比例3:
[0044] 旋风分离器103入口烟道102烟气温度测点26测量的温度710_730°C，在旋风分离器入口喷射常规还原剂，脱硝效率为10.5%。
[0045] 对比例4:
[0046] 旋风分离器103入口烟道102烟气温度测点26测量的温度670_690°C，在旋风分离器入口喷射常规还原剂，无脱硝效果。
[0047] 以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种双还原剂的CFB锅炉SNCR烟气脱硝方法，其特征在于包括: 1)、当旋风分离器入口烟道烟气温度850°C以上，或者，CFB锅炉负荷在70% BMCR以上时，选择从旋风分离器入口烟道喷入常规氨还原剂；且当脱硝效率低于50%或不能满足脱硝要求时，选择从炉膛上部、旋风分离器入口烟道和分离器出口烟道同时喷入前述常规氨还原剂； 2)、当旋风分离器入口烟道烟气温度为650-850°C，或者，CFB锅炉负荷低于70% BMCR时，选择从炉膛上部、旋风分离器入口烟道和分离器出口烟道中的一处或多处喷入活性氨还原剂，该还原剂能产生活性氨组分；或者，从旋风分离器入口烟道喷入前述活性氨还原剂，同时从炉膛上部喷入前述常规氨还原剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的双还原剂的CFB锅炉SNCR烟气脱硝方法，其特征在于:所述常规氨还原剂为氨水、尿素或氨气。
3.如权利要求1所述的双还原剂的CFB锅炉SNCR烟气脱硝方法，其特征在于:所述活性氨还原剂为酰胺、甲胺或联胺。
4.如权利要求1、2或3所述的双还原剂的CFB锅炉SNCR烟气脱硝方法，其特征在于:当旋风分离器入口温度低于850°C，高于800°C时，喷入活性氨还原剂与常规氨还原剂的比例为1:3。
5.如权利要求1、2或3所述的双还原剂的CFB锅炉SNCR烟气脱硝方法，其特征在于:当旋风分离器入口温度低于800°C，高于750°C时，喷入活性氨还原剂与常规氨还原剂的比例为1:1。
6.如权利要求1、2或3所述的双还原剂的CFB锅炉SNCR烟气脱硝方法，其特征在于:当旋风分离器入口温度低于750°C，高于700°C时，喷入活性氨还原剂与常规氨还原剂的比例为3:1。
7.如权利要求1、2或3所述的双还原剂的CFB锅炉SNCR烟气脱硝方法，其特征在于:当旋风分离器入口温度低于70(TC，高于650°C时，仅喷入活性氨还原剂。
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