CN1036351A - Dynamic chill wear resistant cast iron ball forming Processes and apparatus - Google Patents
Dynamic chill wear resistant cast iron ball forming Processes and apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN1036351A CN1036351A CN 88101825 CN88101825A CN1036351A CN 1036351 A CN1036351 A CN 1036351A CN 88101825 CN88101825 CN 88101825 CN 88101825 A CN88101825 A CN 88101825A CN 1036351 A CN1036351 A CN 1036351A
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Abstract
The present invention is a kind of new technology of producing wear resisting cast ball, and it has overcome as cast condition defective that is difficult to avoid when existing various casting method is produced wear resisting cast ball and the problems such as surface abrasion resistance that are difficult to obtain.Make the metal mold horizontal rotation by the vertical centrifugal ball casting machine, the molten metal that pours into high pressure under centrifugal action charges into die cavity, molten metal is full of and moulding with vertical parabolic shape, can obtain not have shrinkage cavity, no shrinkage porosite, pore-free, no slag inclusion, metal compaction, the Cast-iron Ball of hard interior tough chill characteristic outside having, the production line small investment of the compositions such as special-purpose centrifugal casting ball machine of cooperation the present invention design, area occupied is little, can be used to produce the various wear resistant cast iron balls that cost is low, efficient is high.
Description
The present invention is a kind of dynamic chill wear resistant cast iron ball forming Processes and apparatus.
The invention belongs to a kind of new technology of producing the wear resistant cast iron ball.
At present domestic and international cast-iron grinding ball is mainly with sand casting process production (comprising hand moulding and machine molding).For the abrading-ball solid, adopt sand casting moulding by casting under how much ram pressures of molten metal, easily produce as cast condition defectives such as shrinkage cavity, shrinkage porosite, pore, slag inclusion, make the abrading-ball metal structure not fine and close; In addition, because the sand mold thermal conductivity factor is low, make metal grain thick, as cast condition rear surface hardness is low, causes the fragmentation when using, and is not wear-resisting, reduces service life.Although some adopts the good manufacture of materials casting ball of rare costliness, wearability,, still can not obtain good serviceability because of the deficiency of its cast shaping process.
Applied metal type casting ball is produced special plane production casting ball, can only utilize the characteristics of metal mold thermal conductivity factor much larger than sand mold, make casting ball surface metal Quench crystal grain thinning and improve hardness, but its molten metal still pours into casting mold with how much ram pressures, and its shrinkage cavity, shrinkage porosite, dreg defect are still the same to be difficult to avoid.Therefore, result of use and life-span still can not prolong.
United States Patent (USP) 3537508 has been announced " centrifugal casting mould equipment and casting mold ", adopts horizontal centrifuge, makes the revolution of endless metal type, pours into strict quantitative molten metal and produces the casting ball.This technology such as does not damage at the aspect when mainly the metal mold thermal deformation causes the influence of casting ball dimensional accuracy and protection casting mold and open form pickup from prevent the centrifugal casting process, designed the equipment of corresponding construction.The moulding process of this patent be with the molten metal of accurate quantification in running channel injects " V " type annular groove of major diameter (6 Foot) casting mold of 30～50 rev/mins of gyrations, under the vertical direction centrifugal action, molten metal charges into die cavity through ingate, because outer water-cooled effect is solidified very soon.Contraction in molten metal cooling, the process of setting replenishes by the molten metal that charges in the groove of setting up in die cavity.Though this patent is to utilize the centrifugal force cast, but only 30～50 rev/mins of given casting mold rotating speeds, the centrifugal force that this rotating speed forms is very little, only can overcome the gravity effect, make molten metal that outside motion trend be arranged when revolution, can not obtain the fill type power bigger than common cast, the contraction when molten metal is solidified can not get forcing feeding.Thereby can not obtain the casting ball of dense structure, no shrinkage cavity.The strict quantitative molten metal of this patent pours into casting mold, promptly quantitative error can not surpass each casting ball ingate weight and.Otherwise when molten metal was excessive, excess metal liquid was stored in " V " shape annular groove, made after solidifying that surplus metal combines as a whole in casting ball and ingate " V " the shape annular groove, and after the casting mold open form, casting ball can't be by coming off in the designed structure of this patent; If molten metal can not be full of casting mold when being not enough to required amount, and the type inner metal liquid at first is full of the outside of ball because action of centrifugal force, then forms misrun in the inboard of ball and molten metal shrinks the depression that causes, and forms waste product.Because amount of metal that ingate holds is very little with respect to casting ball metal liquid measure,, all cannot say for sure therefore, to be difficult to the ideal effect of realizing that patent requires by card for high temperature fluent metal no matter quantitative in the actual production with volume or weight.This patent also proposes always to replenish the amount of metal of casting ball contraction along the negative side of gyration with excess metal liquid in the groove of being set up in the die cavity into guaranteeing casting ball compactness.Molten metal is under the centrifugal casting operating mode, because centrifugal action at first charges into the cavity side away from the radius of gyration, forms annular liquid level, reduces direction to radius successively and is full of casting mold; Meanwhile, because metal mold and outer water-cooled effect, very fast heat conduction is solidified the molten metal that charges into earlier very soon and is cooled off the molten metal that charges into successively then, and therefore, ingate place final set is shifted in the high-temperature region.And the interior molten metal in order to feeding of the described groove of patent, on the one hand not in the high-temperature region of overall process final set, the aspect is under centrifugal action in addition, even exist with liquid state, also difficult to the center feeding, the contraction of metal concentrates on the high temperature section of final set successively still more, i.e. the ingate place.Moreover, set up groove in the type, solidify the back and deposit a projection at sphere, still need grinding to remove, increased workload.
United States Patent (USP) 2740176 has designed simple novel structure to have a high foundry goods of the big plane of normal direction and quality requirement with its production proper for obtaining composite centrifugal power.Cast grinding ball does not possess above architectural feature, need not composite molding can obtain ideal effect yet.Otherwise, require for mould structure too high, complicated operation and influence production efficiency and improve.
Inevitable as cast condition defective when the objective of the invention is to solve existing various casting method and producing the wear resistant cast iron ball (comprise pore, shrinkage cavity, slag inclusion, organize not fine and close) and the problems such as surface abrasion resistance that are difficult to obtain, and a kind of new wear-resisting ball forming method is proposed.Do not have the as cast condition defective to produce, and can give full play to the dynamic chill wear resistant cast iron ball of high-quality of metal material mechanical performance.
Solution of the present invention is that the abrading-ball metal mold is installed on the vertical centrifugal ball casting machine spindle flange dish, after the startup molten metal poured into the metal mold sprue, make molten metal with the horizontal centrifugal force of metal mold revolution generation, the ingate of offering by circumferential array can obtain to charge into die cavity much larger than the molten metal of (tens of times) atmospheric pressure, becomes along circumferentially continuous cavity filling process.Because centrifugal action, the metal bath surface that charges into die cavity are that parabolic shape is by being full of die cavity gradually in outer the reaching.Metal mold and corresponding outside under the cooling process condition, form thermograde from inside to outside, the parabola that the back forms is in the high-temperature region all the time.Inject molten metal successively until being full of casting mold, ingate is shifted to successively to sprue in the high-temperature region.Molten metal is in constantly filling the continuous process of setting of type, and metal contracts is also undertaken by the priority successive of the molten metal that charges into, after the molten metal that charges into be in the high-temperature region all the time, and under the effect of centrifugal force high pressure, replenish the solidification shrinkage that charges into metal earlier.This process is after be full of die cavity, and the ingate inner metal liquid is still feeding continuously under centrifugal force continuation effect, up to all solidifying, thereby obtains not having shrinkage cavity, the casting ball of no shrinkage porosite, metal structure densification.
In this cavity filling process, in case sneak into slag in the molten iron, because of its density is little, fusing point is low than molten metal, is in parabolic surface all the time, after ingate drains into sprue.Moreover the die cavity of filling earlier away from ingate one side owing to the molten metal with centrifugal force forces the air discharge duct that the reverse warp of air is offered near the ingate side in the die cavity to be overflowed, and also can oppositely overflow along ingate and molten iron.Therefore, the present invention can obtain not have the casting ball of slag inclusion, pore-free defective again.
The used metal mold of the present invention is made up of upper and lower type.Mo(u)ld bottom half (2) is fixed on the vertical centrifugal ball casting machine spindle flange dish (3), mo(u)ld top half (1) is by boss centralized positioning and alignment pin (4) angle orientation, to guarantee that die cavity does not misplace, centrifuge principal axis (5) rotating speed calculates by theory and test is defined as 400～500 rev/mins, can guarantee that ideal fills type and handling safety.Mo(u)ld bottom half (2) is circumferentially with centrifugal weight (6), and with the revolution of casting mold, weight (6) generation centrifugal force turns round around self and got rid of, and utilizes lever principle, and the other end is pressed in mo(u)ld top half (1) locking, and molten metal floats mo(u)ld top half when having prevented cast; When ball casting machine stopped to turn round behind the casting solidification, centrifugal weight (6) reset to plumbness under the deadweight effect, got mo(u)ld top half or got removing cast box not influence to open.
Metal mold of the present invention adopts the heat-resisting cast iron material, wall thickness and reinforcement such as have, reduced the thermal stress that hot-spot produces, increased the rigidity of metal mold, usually adopt the top to establish the venting plug exhaust during horizontal parting metal type cast, the used metal mold of the present invention adopt the metal mold mo(u)ld bottom half near the ingate place offer with metal liquid stream to opposite air discharge duct (7).(as Fig. 2)
Strict in the centrifugal casting ball production process to processing performances such as metal mold temperature, molten steel pouring temperature and speed, water-cooled parameter, open form pickup times, could guarantee casting ball quality, metal mold life-span and working condition.For this reason, except that the technological operation rules are formulated in strictness, and designed special-purpose fan-shaped quantitative pouring truck, pneumatic open form taking mechanical hand and respective members and formed centrifugal casting ball machinery production line.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment casting ball forming technology of the present invention is further described.
Fig. 3 has launched to implement the mechanization production unit of casting ball forming technology of the present invention.It comprises centrifugal casting ball machine (a), special-purpose fan-shaped quantitative pouring truck (b), pneumatic open form taking mechanical hand process equipments such as (c) and corresponding member, transporting equipment etc.
With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 3 the casting ball metal mold (2) of required specification is installed on the main shaft (5) of centrifugal casting ball machine (a), gives heat with flame gun before producing and go up bottom die (1) (2), use the instrument of special-purpose brushing paint then, coat equably.Give mould assembly behind the thermometal type before the cast again.Start centrifugal casting ball machine (a), the metal mold (1,2) that is installed on the centrifugal casting ball machine spindle flange dish is promptly rotated with certain rotating speed (400～500 rev/mins), at this moment fan-shaped meter ladle car (b) is pushed into ball casting machine (a) and the molten iron running channel is aimed at the sprue of rotating metal mold (1), quantitatively pouring molten iron.Meanwhile, open cooling water (8,9) difference type spray up and down.The molten metal that pours into sprue is with the horizontal centrifugal force of metal mold revolution generation, and the ingate of offering by circumferential array charges into die cavity.Throwing is planar to be full of die cavity (referring to Fig. 4) outward gradually in reaching because centrifugal action, the metal bath surface that charges into die cavity are.Metal mold and corresponding outside under the cooling process condition, charge into that the molten metal △ V of die cavity is very fast to be scattered in △ S thickness parabolic layer along vertical section every △ t time, and under metal mold wall and elder generation's injection molten metal conduction of heat, form thermograde from inside to outside.The parabola that the back forms is in the high-temperature region all the time, injects molten metal successively until being full of casting mold, and ingate is shifted to successively to sprue in the high-temperature region.Constantly fill type at molten metal, constantly in the process of setting, metal contracts is also undertaken by the priority successive that charges into molten metal, after the molten metal that charges into be in the high-temperature region all the time, and under centrifugal high pressure effect, replenishing the solidification shrinkage that charges into metal earlier, air is discharged by the air discharge duct that the ingate place is provided with simultaneously in the type.This process is after be full of die cavity, and ingate and sprue inner metal liquid be feeding continuously under centrifugal force continuation effect, up to all solidifying, thereby obtains not having shrinkage cavity, the casting ball of no shrinkage porosite, metal structure densification.
Close sparge pipe and stop ball casting machine and rotate, centrifugal weight loosens the clamping of mo(u)ld top half is resetted, mobile Pneumatic manipulator, sling mo(u)ld top half and casting ball group, move to the pickup station then, mo(u)ld top half is supported on earlier on the pickup member, and the manipulator piston descends again, and the drift on the pickup member ejects casting ball group in the type.Casting ball group (referring to Fig. 5) after ejecting is delivered to fettling shop through dissepiment, the polishing ingate.After last metal mold is taken off part, sling and overturn, then respectively up and down metal mold brushing paint, mould assembly, prepare the cast of next circulation.
With reference to Fig. 6, the as cast condition defective of common casting ball (10) obviously and be difficult to avoid.The centrifugal casting ball that utilizes the present invention to manufacture and design is produced the machine pouring experiment, sample ball (11) section is carried out mechanical performance, metallographic structure and macro-test, the wear-resisting ball of φ 100 cast irons with the cast of plain cast iron material is an example, any shrinkage cavity, shrinkage porosite, pore, dreg defect are not found in macroscopic examination.Compare with the Cast-iron Ball of common sand mold production, obvious difference is arranged.
The present invention is as follows with the abrading-ball section hardness and the metallographic structure of plain cast iron material:
Test position hardness (HR
c) metallographic structure
Locate 52 ledeburites+a small amount of pearlite for 5 millimeters apart from the surface
Locate 40 ledeburites+pearlite+a small amount of tiny graphite for 15 millimeters apart from the surface
Locate 32 pearlite+ledeburite+graphite for 25 millimeters apart from the surface
Can be found out by cast ball section macroscopic view and above result, the cast ball that the present invention produces, the surface is subjected to metal mold and water-cooling process effect, and its crystal grain is tiny, the hardness height, metal structure and hardness are by in outer the reaching The heart interpenetrates gradually, have outer hard in tough chilled cast iron effect, apart from surperficial certain thickness place higher wearability is arranged, by the impact failure evidence have incrust and impulse-durability effect. Therefore, the cast ball that the present invention produces is because of its no as cast condition defective, and the mechanical performance of metal material has been given full play in the metal structure densification. Both made and adopted aforesaid plain cast iron material, also can approach the mechanical performance of the high alloy iron abrading-ball that reaches present application of expensive high-abrasive material production, be applicable to the requirement of ball mill grinding body fully, and can be country and save a large amount of rare materials, reduced cost.
The present invention is take 1.5T/h furnace cupola coupling as example, needs 8 groups of cast ball manufacturing machine unit of configuration (wherein 2 groups for subsequent use) take per tour cast 7 hours as example, but 8 tons of split run production Cast-iron Ball, and annual production can reach 2400 tons. If be equipped with the centrifugal casting ball production unit of varying number and the smelting equipment of respective volume, can obtain desired cast ball output.
Implement mechanical production line small investment of the present invention, the efficient height, area occupied is little, labour intensity is little, no matter and wear resisting cast ball inherent quality, surface quality and the mechanical performance each side of producing, the abrading-ball height of all producing than other ball casting technique of same material. The smithcraft yield rate of production cast ball of the present invention is far above other production method, and the present invention also is applicable to the as cast condition moulding of various alloy materials.
Description of drawings:
The dynamic chill wear resisting cast ball of Fig. 1 is produced machine
Fig. 2 casts the ball air discharge duct
Fig. 3 casts ball production mechanization unit
Fig. 4 centrifugal casting ball forming principle figure
Fig. 5 the present invention and conventional cast are produced the abrading-ball section
A-casting ball is produced machine; The fan-shaped quantitative pouring truck of b-; The c-Pneumatic manipulator;
D-dissepiment conveyer.
The 1-mo(u)ld top half; The 2-mo(u)ld bottom half; The 3-spindle flange; The 4-alignment pin;
The 5-main shaft; The 6-centrifugal weight; The 7-air discharge duct; The last cooling water of 8-;
Cooling water under the 9-; The 10-conventional cast is produced wear-resisting ball section;
11-is chill wear-resisting ball section dynamically.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of moulding process that utilizes centrifugal casting method to produce wear resisting cast ball.After it is characterized in that molten metal pours into the metal mold sprue, produce horizontal centrifugal force with the metal mold revolution, molten metal charges into die cavity by the ingate that circumferential array is offered under centrifugal action, become along circumferential parabolic shape cavity filling process: the metal bath surface that charges into die cavity is that parabolic shape is by being full of die cavity gradually in outer the reaching, metal mold and corresponding outside form from inside to outside thermograde under the cooling process condition, the parabola that the back forms is in high-temperature high-pressure all the time, inject molten metal successively until being full of casting mold, ingate is shifted to successively to sprue in the high-temperature region.Molten metal is in constantly filling the continuous process of setting of type, metal contracts is also undertaken by the priority successive of the molten metal that charges into, after the molten metal that charges into be in the high-temperature region all the time, and under the effect of centrifugal force high pressure, replenish the solidification shrinkage charge into metal earlier, this process is after be full of die cavity, ingate and sprue inner metal liquid be still feeding continuously under centrifugal force continuation effect, up to all solidifying, forms the casting ball.
2, according in the claim 1 described technology, the metal mold of forming by upper and lower type of design, it is characterized in that the metal mold mo(u)ld bottom half is circumferentially with centrifugal weight, can turn round with casting mold, weight (6) generation centrifugal force turns round around self and has got rid of, and utilizes lever principle that the other end is pressed in mo(u)ld top half, locking.
3, metal mold according to claim 2, it is characterized in that the metal mold mo(u)ld bottom half near the ingate place offer with metal liquid stream to opposite air discharge duct.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 88101825 CN1010839B (en) | 1988-03-27 | 1988-03-27 | Dynamic shaping technology of antiwear chilled cast iron ball and apparatus thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 88101825 CN1010839B (en) | 1988-03-27 | 1988-03-27 | Dynamic shaping technology of antiwear chilled cast iron ball and apparatus thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1036351A true CN1036351A (en) | 1989-10-18 |
| CN1010839B CN1010839B (en) | 1990-12-19 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 88101825 Expired CN1010839B (en) | 1988-03-27 | 1988-03-27 | Dynamic shaping technology of antiwear chilled cast iron ball and apparatus thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1010839B (en) |
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101767191A (en) * | 2010-02-10 | 2010-07-07 | 淄博大亚金属科技股份有限公司 | Centrifugal pan for steel shot molding and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN101890489A (en) * | 2010-06-24 | 2010-11-24 | 宁国市南洋铁球有限公司 | Novel process centrifugally casting wear-resistance microspheres and micro-forging |
| CN102248148A (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2011-11-23 | 张联合 | Centrifugal die for composite coating of wear-resistant ball |
| CN102601321A (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2012-07-25 | 安徽宁国市新高新钢球衬板有限公司 | Mold opening and closing machine |
| CN103223464A (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2013-07-31 | 安庆市江城冶金机械有限公司 | Mold for continuous casting production line |
| CN103240388A (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2013-08-14 | 安庆市江城冶金机械有限公司 | Casting mold |
| CN105328157A (en) * | 2015-10-08 | 2016-02-17 | 华中科技大学 | Vertical centrifugal casting system for physical simulation |
| CN105562663A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-05-11 | 安徽省凤形耐磨材料股份有限公司 | Cooling device used for cast grinding ball |
| CN105665648A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-06-15 | 安徽省凤形耐磨材料股份有限公司 | Heat preservation device for cast grinding balls |
| CN107855487A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-03-30 | 重庆麦纳昇科技有限公司 | A kind of centrifugal casting machine |
| CN107891136A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-04-10 | 重庆麦纳昇科技有限公司 | A kind of centrifugal casting machine automatic control system |
| WO2019114468A1 (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2019-06-20 | 李进敏 | Casting apparatus and casting method thereof |
| CN113182501A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-30 | 浙江省机电设计研究院有限公司 | Mold device for horizontal rotation centrifugal casting of grinding ball and grinding ball forming method |
-
1988
- 1988-03-27 CN CN 88101825 patent/CN1010839B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101767191A (en) * | 2010-02-10 | 2010-07-07 | 淄博大亚金属科技股份有限公司 | Centrifugal pan for steel shot molding and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN101890489A (en) * | 2010-06-24 | 2010-11-24 | 宁国市南洋铁球有限公司 | Novel process centrifugally casting wear-resistance microspheres and micro-forging |
| CN102248148A (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2011-11-23 | 张联合 | Centrifugal die for composite coating of wear-resistant ball |
| CN102601321B (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2016-03-30 | 安徽宁国市新高新钢球衬板有限公司 | A kind of Mould opening and closing machine |
| CN102601321A (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2012-07-25 | 安徽宁国市新高新钢球衬板有限公司 | Mold opening and closing machine |
| CN103223464A (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2013-07-31 | 安庆市江城冶金机械有限公司 | Mold for continuous casting production line |
| CN103240388A (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2013-08-14 | 安庆市江城冶金机械有限公司 | Casting mold |
| CN105328157A (en) * | 2015-10-08 | 2016-02-17 | 华中科技大学 | Vertical centrifugal casting system for physical simulation |
| CN105562663A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-05-11 | 安徽省凤形耐磨材料股份有限公司 | Cooling device used for cast grinding ball |
| CN105665648A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-06-15 | 安徽省凤形耐磨材料股份有限公司 | Heat preservation device for cast grinding balls |
| WO2019114468A1 (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2019-06-20 | 李进敏 | Casting apparatus and casting method thereof |
| CN107855487A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-03-30 | 重庆麦纳昇科技有限公司 | A kind of centrifugal casting machine |
| CN107891136A (en) * | 2017-12-21 | 2018-04-10 | 重庆麦纳昇科技有限公司 | A kind of centrifugal casting machine automatic control system |
| CN113182501A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-07-30 | 浙江省机电设计研究院有限公司 | Mold device for horizontal rotation centrifugal casting of grinding ball and grinding ball forming method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1010839B (en) | 1990-12-19 |
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