CN1036348A - Active compacting forging method - Google Patents
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- CN1036348A CN1036348A CN 88106963 CN88106963A CN1036348A CN 1036348 A CN1036348 A CN 1036348A CN 88106963 CN88106963 CN 88106963 CN 88106963 A CN88106963 A CN 88106963A CN 1036348 A CN1036348 A CN 1036348A
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Abstract
A kind of active compacting forging method that is used for flat-die forging.It can eliminate cavity property defective; Can improve defectives such as segregation and field trash; Help spreading and alleviate pernicious gas in the forging stock.It is characterized in that: when pulling was forged, the drafts of every time pulling was between 20～30%; Have that to satisfy the anvil width ratio value for 6 times be 0.51～0.9 pulling distortion at least; The temperature of forging stock heart portion should be greater than 1000 ℃ when pulling finished; Whenever pulled out again before one time, answer wrong anvil 1/3 anvil wide; Pulling finishes, and forging stock should be swaged into flat square section and go into the stove diffusion.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of active compacting forging method that is used for flat-die forging.
Steel ingot, particularly large-scale steel ingot, cavity property defectives such as in its casting and process of setting, that its core exists inevitably is loose, shrinkage cavity, bubble and micro-crack, and segregation, solid-state defective such as be mingled with.Increase along with the steel ingot sectional dimension, these defectives can be even more serious, if can not fully eliminate these defectives in forging process, then will cause forging to scrap, even can destroy owing to the part in addition that this forging is made and lead to serious accident, as power rotor destruction and pressure vessel blast or the like.Steel ingot is swaged into the forging process of forging, can be divided into the distortion and the two big work steps that are shaped, the distortion work step comprises jumping-up and pulling (forging that has can without jumping-up), and the effect of being out of shape work step is the change to steel ingot original structure structure, defective is eliminated, to reach dense structure and to improve the quality; The effect of shaping work step is the requirement of satisfying face shaping and size.
Existing forging method has:
1. JTS forging (JTS method.JTS names with the prefix of Japan and two author's names).Japan in June, 1966＜plasticity て processing introduced a kind of method that large-scale steel ingot forges that is used on 299～308 pages, be called " JTS " method, China is referred to as JTS forging.Its technical characterstic is: the forging mode of narrow anvil and lower platform (is seen Fig. 1 a) in the employing, to heated steel ingot at high temperature, the people is cooled to surface temperature to the state to 750～800 ℃, forge with above-mentioned instrument then, each drafts 7～8% forges four faces (seeing Fig. 1 b) by 0 → 180 ° → 90 ° → 270 ° orders.It is contemplated that substantially: the state (seeing Fig. 1 C) that forms similar die forging with the lower forging stock shell of temperature, causing the three-dimensional compressive stress state of interior void defective, and utilize the high slightly condition of internal temperature, easy deformation, eliminate defective, improve forging quality.Its weak point is: 1. required press tonnage is big; 2. complicated operation, need manually to steel ingot spraying or air blast cooling, and each drafts is little, 3. increase forging times about the twice of press action frequency for flat anvil up and down, after promptly being drawn into the four sides, also must going into stove and reheat, change down flat anvil again, finishing four sides seamed edge is proceeded the pulling distortion again; 4. Forging Technology does not have strict critical condition or optimizes parameter, and as anvil width ratio scope, drafts size, wrong anvil position and forging range, these several parameters lack the theory contact of system.
2.FM(free forging method from Mannesmann effect).Great the defending on the 8th the international Shi Nianhui of forging in 1977 in the middle island of Japan casting forged steel company proposes the FM forging method, be characterized in adopting flat anvil and lower platform forging mode to pull out forging stock and (see Fig. 2 a), its purpose is to eliminate the axial tension stress (Mannesmanneffect) of forging stock heart portion, make interior void two to pressurized, think to pressing internal flaw favourable (seeing Fig. 2 b), the actual result that uses, also not obvious to the effect of pressing interior void defective.Its weak point is: 1. when identical press tonnage, favourable not as adopting the bigger flat anvil up and down of anvil width ratio (W/H) that the steel ingot heart defect is closed in forging; 2. because the width difference of instrument up and down causes the forging stock internal modification asymmetric up and down, easily make the bending of forging stock (forging) axial line waviness, thereby, the poor heat stability of forging goods; 3. when identical anvil width ratio (W/H), flat anvil is big by 20～30% up and down for the pressure consumption rate; 4. each drafts little (about 10%), number of operations are about the twice of flat anvil up and down; 5. to guaranteeing that forging quality does not have the critical condition of science, technological parameter there is not specified in more detail, as anvil width ratio (W/H) scope of application, drafts scope, pulling minimum time number, wrong anvil position, forging range and minimum critical forging ratio etc.
3. flat-anvils stretching and WHF(Wide Heavy bolW Forging China are referred to as " wide anvil is suppressed ") method.Its characteristics are: anvil symmetry (see figure 3) 1., and forging stock internal modification symmetry, forging performance is even easily; 2. high temperature spreads for a long time, before the forging, steel ingot is incubated 1280～1310 ℃ of long-time heating; 3. wide anvil heavy reduction, anvil width ratio (W/H) says so 0.77, says so 0.8; Drafts is stipulated greater than 15%, target 20%.Its weak point is: 1. anvil width ratio (W/H) value is stipulated not science, do not have quantitatively with the pressing of internal flaw and get in touch, and no matter be 0.77, or 0.8, when forging beginning,, all do not reach for large-scale steel ingot; 2. drafts 15～20%, also do not have scientific definition, and do not have concrete time number requirement; 3. do not stipulate wrong anvil position, be difficult to guarantee the whole pressings of forging stock interior void defective, because have the small deformation district at the forging stock center of continuous two anvil intersections; 4. the final forging temperature that pulling is forged does not require; 5. the opportunity of High temperature diffusion is unreasonable, because, steel ingot is before without forging deformation, and inner porous void is more, and as-cast structure and crystal grain are thick, segregation, field trash are not broken, and the steel ingot sectional dimension is bigger, and the atom the evolving path is long, so, diffusion effect is poor, but also the service life that wastes energy and reduce high temperature furnace; 6. to when pulling forging stock broadening or the calculating of bulge rate, neither one general with the relevant formula of anvil width ratio (W/H); 7. neither one can guarantee the general critical forging process conditions of product quality, as minimum forging ratio.
The objective of the invention is to avoid above-mentioned weak point of the prior art, and a kind of effectively forging method of compacting is provided, it can eliminate cavity property defective to guarantee the forging dense internal organization; Can greatly improve solid type defectives such as segregation and field trash, make it through forging broken and High temperature diffusion disperseization; And to diffusion with to alleviate in the forging stock pernicious gas also favourable.
Purpose of the present invention can reach by following measure: the drafts that 1. pulls out for every time when forging stock is pulled out forging is between 20%～30%, best drafts is 20%～25%, can according to circumstances on face of forging stock, pull out 2～3 times continuously, again forging stock is overturn 90 °, but must keep forging stock cross section depth-width ratio value less than 2; 2. have that to satisfy anvil width ratio (W/H) for 6 times be 0.51～0.9 pulling distortion at least, W is the width of sending to of used flat anvil, and H is the height before forging stock is depressed; 3. when pulling finished, the temperature of forging stock heart portion should be greater than 1000 ℃, and the best is 〉=1050 ℃; 4. answer wrong anvil 1/3 anvil wide before whenever pulling out one time again, promptly every time first anvil should be by W
0-2/3W
0-W
0The sequential loop (see figure 10), W
0Width for used flat anvil.
Purpose of the present invention can also reach by following measure: 1. pulling finishes, and the stove diffusion is gone in the cross section that forging stock should be swaged into flat side, and flat side's minor axis dimension is 90～95% of a forging largest cross-sectional sized, and flat side's major axis dimension is 1.4～1.5 times of minor axis dimension; 2. forging stock is pulled out when forging, the forging stock broadening amount of every time pulling is calculated as follows: the forging stock cross sectional shape by rectangle to rectangle, △ B=△ H (0.6+1.4 * 10
-4(W
0-H)); The forging stock cross section by garden shape to rectangle the head twice, first time broadening amount △ B
1=0.473(W
0/ H) △ H, second time △ B
2=0.43(W
0/ H) △ H.△ B represents forging stock broadening amount, W in last three formulas
0Wide for used flat anvil, forging stock or steel ingot cross section height before H is whenever to depress, W are actual during for pulling, and to advance anvil wide, W ≈ (0.75～0.85) W
0, △ H represents drafts, the unit of above-mentioned symbol all is mm.
The present invention has following advantage compared to existing technology:
The present invention has made mechanism, inherent law and the external condition of eliminating forging stock interior void defective clear from theoretical and technology, derived the critical strain condition, which kind of and think: 1. no matter adopt forging method, as long as reach this critical condition, can both eliminate the cavity property defective of forging stock inside; When 2. the cavity is closed, three-dimensional compressive stress or two is not a necessary condition to compression, and guarantee to have one to be only necessary condition more greatly to compressive strain, if cavity one is to pressurized, another is to tension (seeing Fig. 4 a, 4b), closed favourable to the cavity on the contrary, this viewpoint, correct the incorrect notion of prior art (JTS forging and FM method), found out the rule of eliminating forging stock interior void defective; 3. in various forging methods, under certain anvil width ratio (W/H) condition, flat-anvils stretching can obtain forging stock heart portion symmetry, bigger distortion up and down, and required press tonnage is less, easy and simple to handle.
1. compare JTS forging, the 1. required press tonnage of the present invention is little, and 2. easy and simple to handle, 3. forging times is few.
2. compare the FM forging method, the 1. required press tonnage of the present invention is little, and is 2. easy and simple to handle, and when 3. distortion was forged, the forging stock axial line can the bending of emersion wave shape wave.
3. compare wide anvil and suppress (WHF) method, correction of the present invention the unreasonable technology of its long-time High temperature diffusion before forging, after pulling, forging stock is swaged into flat square section and goes into the stove High temperature diffusion and change into.
The present invention is according to " have one more greatly be the necessary condition of eliminating forging stock interior void defective to compressive strain ", derived and stipulated detailed concrete technological parameter, these parameters are that prior art is not available, so, work up these parameters and all have superiority compared to existing technology.
When forging stock was pulled out forging, 1. the drafts of every time pulling was between 20～30%, and best drafts is 20%～25%.Every can pull out once, twice or three times, overturn 90 ° again, but must guarantee that depth-width ratio after the forging stock upset is less than 2.This regulation and anvil width ratio (W/H) regulation is relevant, should guarantee enough time numbers, makes flexible operation mode again; 2. have that to satisfy anvil width ratio (W/H) for 6 times be 0.51～0.9 pulling distortion at least, this regulation is from the principle of institute of the present invention foundation, than prior art anvil width ratio 0.5～0.8 or 0.6～0.7 good is proposed generally, because, in the forging of reality is produced, the anvil width ratio that can not each time all reaches regulation, but in whole times numbers is as long as there are wherein 6 times.Do not reach even begin several times, surpassed for several times afterwards, all it doesn't matter; 3. when pulling finishes, the temperature of forging stock heart portion should be greater than 1000 ℃, the best is 〉=1050 ℃, and this is for after guaranteeing that forging stock interior void defective is by pressing, and can be at high temperature by the necessary condition of atom diffusion with rapid seam, otherwise, too low as temperature, property defective in cavity just has been crushed, but does not eliminate, one meets tension, can expand again again.This temperature conditions is that prior art did not propose; 4. whenever pulled out again before one time, answer wrong anvil 1/3 anvil wide, this is from critical forge principle of the present invention, can guarantee cavity whole pressings of property defective of forging stock heart portion and elimination, in the prior art, perhaps not give proposition, or it is wide to carry mistake anvil 1/2 anvil, and these are science not; 5. pulling finishes, forging stock should be swaged into flat square section and go into the stove diffusion, this rules and regulations periodical repair just " WHF " method forge before the unreasonable technology of long-time High temperature diffusion, reach and save the energy, prolong heating furnace service life and improve the effect of diffusion; 6. provided and calculated the general formula that forging stock forges back cross sectional material broadening value for every time, this is that prior art is unexistent, and this computing formula has been arranged, and can calculate total pulling time number exactly, and can differentiate and whether satisfy process criteria of the present invention.
The drawing of accompanying drawing is described as follows:
Fig. 1 a is that center compacting (JTS) method adopts the forging schematic diagram of going up narrow anvil and lower platform, and left side figure is a front view, and right figure is a side view; Fig. 1 b is for carrying out the forging stock sectional view after depress at the four sides to steel ingot; Fig. 1 c is the basic rendering of JTS forging.
Fig. 2 a adopts the pulling schematic diagram of going up flat anvil and lower platform for the FM method; Fig. 2 b eliminates the schematic diagram of forging stock heart portion axial tension stress for the FM method.
Fig. 3 is that flat anvil forges the pulling schematic diagram of mode up and down.
Fig. 4 a is a forging stock interior void one to pressurized and another schematic diagram to tension, and Fig. 4 b be the schematic diagram of cavity closure.
Fig. 5 is the steel ingot outline drawing of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is the forging outline drawing of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 is the forging stock jumping-up figure of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 8 pulls out the schematic diagram of operation for the embodiment of the invention adopts flat anvil up and down to forging stock, and left side figure is a front view, and right side figure is a side view;
It is the forging stock figure of 1140 * 840mm to the cross section that Fig. 9 walks flat side's pulling for the embodiment of the invention;
Wrong anvil position view when Figure 10 depresses first anvil for every time pulling given to this invention;
Figure 11 is that the bulge in forging stock cross section calculates schematic diagram, and last figure arrives rectangle for garden shape;
Figure 12 presses the operation chart of all directions, Ka Tai, finishing and shaping to forging stock for the embodiment of the invention.
The present invention will now be further detailed embodiment: embodiment is on 6000 tons of hydraulics press for free forging, 45 tons eight rib steel ingots are seen Fig. 5, the stepped forged shaft that is swaged into 23.4 tons is seen Fig. 6, the forging ' s block dimension interlude is φ 880 * 3210mm among Fig. 6, two ends are respectively φ 460 * 1950mm, φ 450 * 2250mm, the clean long 8990mm that is of forging.This forging divides three fire to be swaged into.
First fire.1220 ℃ ± 20 ℃ of tapping temperatures are carried out pressure handle, chamfered edge and are cut three steps of the end after coming out of the stove, technical process and require same as the prior art;
Second fire.Tapping temperature is 1270 ± 20 ℃, and the first jumping-up in back of coming out of the stove is seen Fig. 7 to φ 1950mm, pulls out with the wide flat anvil up and down of 900mm then and sees Fig. 8, walks flat side and pulls out to the cross section high 1140mm, and wide 840mm sees Fig. 9, fed to boiler.The program that pulling is depressed sees the following form.
Should wrong anvil 1/3 anvil widely before every time pulling see Figure 10.
When pulling finished, forging stock heart portion temperature should be 1000～1200 ℃ of scopes.
Forging stock cross section bulge situation is seen Figure 11, and bulge amount calculating formula is as follows: begin pulling from the circular section behind the jumping-up, head bulge rate twice is
α
1＝0.473（W/H）
α
2＝0.43（W/H）
Since the 3rd time, later on by changing from rectangle to square-section.
α＝0.6+1.4×10
-4（W-H）
Attention: as when pulling finishes, finding crackle or folding, should first oxygen blast scarfing, reenter stove after waiting to remove defective.
The 3rd fire.1200 ℃ ± 10 ℃ of tapping temperatures, the back of coming out of the stove press all directions, Ka Tai, smart Ka Tai shaping to see can use the wide flat anvil up and down of 600mm by Figure 12.
If this fire does not become, reentrant stove, heating-up temperature is 1050 ℃.
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Claims (4)
1, a kind of active compacting forging method is characterized in that, when pulling was forged, 1. 2. the drafts of every time pulling had that to satisfy anvil width ratio 6 times be 0.51～0.9 at least between 20～30%; When 3. pulling finished, 4. the temperature of forging stock heart portion should whenever pull out before one time again greater than 1000 ℃, answered wrong anvil 1/3 anvil wide.
2, active compacting forging method according to claim 1 is characterized in that and can according to circumstances pull out 2～3 times continuously on face of forging stock, overturns 90 ° again, but must keep forging stock cross section depth-width ratio value less than 2.
3, active compacting forging method according to claim 1 when it is characterized in that pulling finishes, is swaged into flat square section with forging stock and goes into the stove diffusion, and flat side's minor axis dimension is 90～95% of a forging largest cross-sectional sized, and flat side's major axis dimension is that minor axis is 1.4～1.5 times.
4, active compacting forging method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the forging stock broadening amount in every time when pulling is calculated as follows, the forging stock cross sectional shape by rectangle to rectangle, △ B=△ H (0.6+1.4 * 10
-4(W
0-H)), the forging stock cross sectional shape by garden shape to rectangle the head twice, first time broadening amount △ B
1=0.473(W
0/ H) second time broadening amount of △ H △ B
2=0.43(W
0/ H) △ H.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN88106963A CN1011865B (en) | 1988-10-07 | 1988-10-07 | Active compacting forging method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN88106963A CN1011865B (en) | 1988-10-07 | 1988-10-07 | Active compacting forging method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1036348A true CN1036348A (en) | 1989-10-18 |
| CN1011865B CN1011865B (en) | 1991-03-06 |
Family
ID=4834458
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN88106963A Expired CN1011865B (en) | 1988-10-07 | 1988-10-07 | Active compacting forging method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1011865B (en) |
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- 1988-10-07 CN CN88106963A patent/CN1011865B/en not_active Expired
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1011865B (en) | 1991-03-06 |
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