CN103629614A - LED car high beam - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an LED car high beam. The LED car high beam comprises a plurality of LED light sources, a plurality of free-form surface optical lenses, a lens support and a base plate. The lens support and the LED light sources are fixed to the base plate, and a plurality of holes for emergent light of the LED light sources to pass through are correspondingly formed in the lens support. One free-form surface optical lens is arranged at each hole in the lens support, and the distance between light-emitting faces of the LED light sources and incident planes of the free-form surface optical lenses is fixed according to the height of the lens support. The LED car high beam is simple in structure, high in light energy utilization efficiency, simple and stable in structure, convenient to assemble, low in cost, long in service life, good in light distribution performance and capable of meeting GB25991-2010 light distribution requirements. According to the LED car high beam, exit planes of the lenses are free-form surfaces, so that the appearance of the whole car high beam can be more flexible and meet requirements for beautification and streamline of modern car high beam design.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of LED automobile lamp illumination, in particular to a free-form surface optical lens for an LED automobile high beam.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous progress and popularization of Light Emitting Diode (LED) technology, the use of LEDs in automotive lighting is becoming more and more common. The light source of the traditional automobile headlamp has the defects of low efficiency, short service life, environmental pollution and the like, the LED light source has the advantages of energy conservation, high efficiency, environmental protection and the like, and the LED light source is a development trend of the automobile headlamp by replacing the traditional light source. In recent years, with the continuous progress and popularization of LED technology, the application of LEDs to lighting for vehicles is becoming more and more popular. However, applying LEDs to automotive headlamps also entails complex optical designs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an LED high beam for an automobile, which has the advantages of high energy utilization rate, low glare effect and convenience in manufacturing and installation, and can meet the light distribution requirements of the national standard 25991-.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
LED car high beam, it includes a plurality of LED light sources, a plurality of free-form surface optical lens, lens support and bottom plate, and lens support and a plurality of LED light sources are fixed on the bottom plate, and the corresponding opening on the lens support has a plurality of holes that supply LED light source emergent light to pass through, and every hole department on the lens support all installs a free-form surface optical lens, and the distance between LED light source light emitting area and the free-form surface optical lens incident surface is fixed through the height of lens support.
Furthermore, the number of the LED light sources and the number of the free-form surface optical lenses are 4.
Furthermore, a reflector which reflects light emitted by the LED light source and which cannot directly enter the incident surface of the free-form surface optical lens and then enters the incident surface is arranged in each hole on the lens support.
The free-form surface optical lens sequentially comprises a circular incident plane, a cylindrical side surface and an emergent plane which are in smooth transition with each other, the emergent plane is a free-form surface, and the free-form surface optical lens is used for distributing light emitted by the LED light source, so that the LED automobile high beam lamp can meet the light distribution requirement of the national standard 25991-2010. The design principle of the 4 free-form optical lenses in the invention is the same, and the following description takes 1 free-form optical lens corresponding to 1 LED light source as an example.
The free-form optical lens is made of a transparent material, and the transparent material can be PC or PMMA or optical glass. The circular plane at the bottom of the lens is an incident plane, the free-form surface at the top of the lens is an emergent plane lens, and the side surface of the lens is a cylindrical surface for connecting the lens and the lens support. The position relationship between the LED light source and the free-form surface optical lens is as follows: the incident surface of the lens is positioned in front of the light emitting surface of the LED light source, the incident surface of the lens is parallel to the light emitting surface of the LED light source, and a connecting line of the center of the light emitting surface of the LED light source and the circle center of the circular plane at the bottom of the lens is perpendicular to the circular plane at the bottom of the lens. When light emitted by the LED light source passes through the lens, the light is respectively refracted on the circular plane incident surface at the bottom of the lens and the free-form surface emergent surface at the top of the lens and finally emitted to the illumination surface.
The shape of the free-form optical lens is determined as follows:
establishing a rectangular coordinate system by taking the central point of the light emitting surface of the LED light source as a coordinate origin O, wherein the plane of the light emitting surface of the LED is an XOY plane, an axis which passes through the origin and is vertical to the XOY plane is a Z axis, the XOZ plane is a horizontal plane, the intersection point of the XOZ plane and the Z axis is O, the plane parallel to the XOY plane is an illumination plane XOY plane, and the point O is the central point of the illumination plane; the light energy distribution on the illumination surface is realized by the superposition of the light emission of a plurality of LED light sources, and because the distance between the LED light sources is very small relative to the distance from the light sources to the illumination surface, the light energy distribution can be calculated by one LED light source, and the total light energy distribution is directly obtained by adopting a multiple relation; firstly, according to the illumination distribution characteristics of the automobile high beam on an illumination surface, setting the illumination area on the illumination surface as an elliptical area with the central point of the illumination surface as the center, then carrying out meshing on the elliptical area, then dividing a light source solid angle by using an energy conservation law, and finally obtaining a free-form surface of the lens by numerical calculation by using a refraction law, wherein the shape of the free-form surface is specifically determined as follows.
Firstly, the distance d between the target illumination surface and the LED is 25m, the total luminous flux of the LED light source is Q, and the central light intensity is I0Q/pi. Wherein
Is the included angle between the emergent ray and the positive direction of the Z axis, theta is the included angle between the projection of the emergent ray on the XOY plane and the X axis, and alpha is the included angle between the connecting line of any point and the point o on the XOY plane of the illumination surface and the X axis.
For a high beam, the target illumination area is set to be an ellipse, the major semi-axis of the ellipse is a, and the minor semi-axis is b. Discretizing the coordinate of the lighting surface, namely, respectively and equally dividing a major semi-axis a and a minor semi-axis b of an ellipse into n parts, aiAnd biRespectively representing the ith part of the long half shaft a and the ith part of the short half shaft b after being equally divided, wherein i is more than 0 and less than or equal to n; then using the central point of the lighting surface as the center, respectively using aiIs a long half shaft, biDrawing an ellipse for the semi-minor axis, the illumination area is divided into n parts of elliptical ring belt areas. Then equally dividing the angle alpha (alpha is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 360 degrees) into m parts, alphajDenotes the jth part of α after aliquoting. On the illumination surface, the point o is taken as an end point, and the included angle between the point o and the x axis is alphajThe beam subdivides each oval ring zone into m parts. Thus, the target illumination area is divided into m × n small lattices, and the energy in each small lattice is:
in the formula, E.kiRepresenting illumination value, according to the requirements of national standard GB25991-2010, setting constant E as preset illumination value, combining variable kiUsed for controlling the illumination value of a designated area on the illumination surface to form a predetermined illumination distribution, wherein k is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to (i) and less than or equal to 1. k is a radical ofiThe value of (a) is set according to the illumination requirement on the illumination surface, such as for the brightest region kiFor the edge region k, the value of (A) is in the range of 0.9 to 1iThe value range of (A) is 0-0.1.
Discretizing the solid angle of the light source involved in the reflection (angle in this case) corresponding to the zone division of the target illumination areaAnd theta is set to
Theta is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 360 degrees, namely the handle angle
The mixture is divided into n parts by weight,
to representThe first part of (a) to (b),
and aiAnd biCorresponding; dividing the angle theta into m parts, thetajDenotes the jth part of theta, thetajAnd alphajAnd (7) corresponding. In thatBefore reflection, the luminous flux of the light source in each angle is as follows:
then, irrespective of the energy loss of light as it passes through the lens and during propagation, there are, according to the conservation of energy:
EQ＝Et
by combining the above formulas, the correspondingAnd thetaj。
The normal vector of the point on the curved surface is obtained by the law of refraction, the tangent is obtained by the normal vector, the coordinate of the point on the curve is obtained by obtaining the intersection point of the tangent and the incident ray, and the vector form of the law of refraction can be expressed as:
wherein,
is the unit vector of the incident light ray,
is a unit vector of the outgoing light,
is the unit normal vector, and n is the lens refractive index. In the calculation, what needs to be determined first is the initial point of calculation of the lens, which is determined as follows: setting the initial point first
The value is 0 degrees, then the distance between the circular plane at the bottom of the lens and the light emitting surface of the LED light source is set, namely the position of the incident surface of the lens is determined, and then the proper thickness of the lens is selected according to the distance. By fixing the value of angle theta (e.g. angle theta is 0 deg.), by varying the angle
Value (angle) of
The angle is increased from 0 degree to 60 degrees), and a free curve on the emergent surface of the free curved surface can be obtained by calculation according to the determined initial value; by fixing different values of the angle theta (theta is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 360 degrees) respectively and changing the angle
Value (angle) of
The free-form surface can be obtained by respectively calculating from 0 degree to 60 degreesA series of free curves on the incident surface. And finally, the free curves form a free-form surface emergent surface of the lens.
And importing the obtained discrete point coordinates into mechanical modeling software, and obtaining the free-form surface of the lens emergent surface through lofting fitting. On the basis of the free-form surface emergent surface, a circular plane incident surface at the bottom of the lens and a cylindrical surface on the side surface of the lens are added, and proper treatment and corresponding connection are carried out at the joint of the surfaces, so that all the surfaces are combined into a closed entity, namely the closed entity can be processed into an entity model of the lens, and finally the free-form surface optical lens of the LED automobile high beam is obtained.
The free-form surface optical lens is fixed on the opening of the lens support in a bonding mode. Due to the distance between the lens and the LED light source, some light is lost without exiting through the lens. In order to reduce the loss of light energy, a reflector is arranged in each hole of the lens support, so that the part of light is reflected to the lens incidence surface through the reflector and then is emitted out through the lens, and the utilization rate of energy is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and technical effects: the LED lamp has the advantages of high light energy utilization rate, simple and stable structure, convenience in assembly, low cost, long service life and good light distribution performance, and meets the light distribution requirements of GB 25991-2010. The invention distributes the energy of the LED light source by using the grid method, establishes the corresponding relation between the angle of the emergent light of the LED light source and the coordinate on the illumination plane, and the lens obtained by using the method has high optical precision, can obtain an elliptical illumination area and is more suitable for the high beam illumination of the automobile lamp. The emergent surface of the high beam lens is a free curved surface, so that the appearance of the whole automobile lamp is more flexible, and the requirements of beauty and streamline of modern automobile lamp design are met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic view of an LED high beam of an automobile in an embodiment
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an LED high beam of an automobile in an embodiment
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the meshing of the target area on the illumination surface in the embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a coordinate system of an LED automotive high beam lighting system in an embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a light distribution principle of an LED high beam of an automobile in an embodiment.
Fig. 6 is a two-dimensional schematic diagram of a free-form optical lens in an embodiment.
Fig. 7 is a three-dimensional perspective view of a free-form optical lens according to an embodiment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the LED high beam provided by the present invention is composed of an LED light source 400, a free-form optical lens 100, a lens holder 200 and a base plate 300, wherein the LED light source and the lens holder are fixed on the base plate, the free-form optical lens is mounted on the lens holder, and the distance between the light emitting surface of the LED light source and the incident surface of the free-form optical lens is fixed by the height of the lens holder. The LED automobile high beam is provided with 4 LED light sources 400 and 4 free-form surface optical lenses 100, each free-form surface optical lens corresponds to each LED light source, the 4 LED light sources are fixed on a bottom plate 300 according to a certain position, and 4 circular holes are formed in a lens support 200 and used for installing the 4 free-form surface optical lenses. In order to reduce the loss of light energy, a reflector 200A is arranged in each hole of the lens support 200, so that the part of light which does not irradiate the free-form surface optical lens 100 is firstly reflected to the incident surface of the free-form surface optical lens by the reflector and then is emitted out by the free-form surface optical lens, and the utilization rate of energy is improved.
For the LED automobile high beam, the national standard 25991-2010 requires that the illuminance value of a specified area on the illumination surface 25m away from the front of the automobile lamp reaches the standard, and the illuminance value is approximately gradually reduced from the middle to two sides. The illumination area on the illumination surface is set to an elliptical area centered on the center point of the illumination surface according to the light type and illuminance distribution required for national standard light distribution, and then is gridded, as shown in fig. 3. The light energy distribution of the area is realized by the superposition of the light emission of the 4 LED light sources, and because the distance between the 4 LED light sources is very small relative to the distance from the light source to the illumination surface, in order to simplify the calculation, the light energy distribution can be calculated by one LED light source, and the total light energy distribution is directly obtained by adopting the multiple relation of 4 times.
The solid angles of the light source are then divided by applying the law of conservation of energy, the energy in each solid angle corresponding to the energy in each cell on the illumination surface. As shown in fig. 4, which is a schematic diagram of a coordinate system of an automotive lamp illumination system, a coordinate system is established with a central point of a light emitting surface of an LED light source 400 as a coordinate origin O, and a solid angle of light emission of the LED light source is divided according to a spherical coordinate diagram. Wherein theta is the included angle between the projection of the emergent ray on the XOY plane and the X axis,is the included angle between the emergent ray and the positive direction of the Z axis, and alpha is the included angle between the connecting line of any point on the xoy plane of the illumination surface and the point o and the x axis.
The schematic diagram of the light distribution principle of the LED high beam of the automobile is shown in fig. 5, light emitted from an LED light source 400 directly irradiates the free-form surface optical lens 100 or is reflected to the free-form surface optical lens by a reflector 200A, and when the light passes through the free-form surface optical lens, the light is respectively refracted on a circular plane incident surface at the bottom of the lens and a free-form surface emergent surface at the top of the lens, and finally emitted to an illumination surface.
According to the set initial conditions, the grid division of the target illumination area and the corresponding light source solid angle divided through the energy conservation law, the normal vector of the incident light on the emergent surface of the free-form surface optical lens 100 is calculated through the refraction law, the tangent is calculated through the normal vector, and the coordinates of the points on the curve are obtained through the intersection point of the tangent and the incident light. From this series of calculated points the free-form surface of the fitted lens can be laid out.
The free-form surface shape is specifically determined as follows.
Firstly, the distance d between the target illumination surface and the LED is 25m, the total luminous flux of the LED light source is Q, and the central light intensity is I0Q/pi. Wherein
Is the included angle between the emergent ray and the positive direction of the Z axis, theta is the included angle between the projection of the emergent ray on the XOY plane and the X axis, and alpha is the included angle between the connecting line of any point and the point o on the XOY plane of the illumination surface and the X axis.
For a high beam, the target illumination area is set to be an ellipse, the major semi-axis of the ellipse is a, and the minor semi-axis is b. Discretizing the coordinate of the lighting surface, namely, respectively and equally dividing a major semi-axis a and a minor semi-axis b of an ellipse into n parts, aiAnd biRespectively representing the ith part of the long half shaft a and the ith part of the short half shaft b after being equally divided, wherein i is more than 0 and less than or equal to n; then using the central point of the lighting surface as the center, respectively using aiIs a long half shaft, biDrawing an ellipse for the semi-minor axis, the illumination area is divided into n parts of elliptical ring belt areas. Then equally dividing the angle alpha (alpha is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 360 degrees) into m parts, alphajDenotes the jth part of α after aliquoting. On the illumination surface, the point o is taken as an end point, and the included angle between the point o and the x axis is alphajThe beam subdivides each oval ring zone into m parts. Thus, the target illumination area is divided into m × n small lattices, and the energy in each small lattice is:
in the formula, E.kiRepresenting illumination value, according to the requirements of national standard GB25991-2010, setting constant E as preset illumination value, combining variable kiUsed for controlling the illumination value of a designated area on the illumination surface to form a predetermined illumination distribution, wherein k is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to (i) and less than or equal to 1. k is a radical ofiThe value of (a) is set according to the illumination requirement on the illumination surface, such as for the brightest region kiFor the edge region k, the value of (A) is in the range of 0.9 to 1iThe value range of (A) is 0-0.1.
Discretizing the solid angle of the light source involved in the reflection (angle in this case) corresponding to the zone division of the target illumination area
And theta is set to
Theta is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 360 degrees, namely the handle angle
The mixture is divided into n parts by weight,
to represent
The first part of (a) to (b),
and aiAnd biCorresponding; dividing the angle theta into m parts, thetajDenotes the jth part of theta, thetajAnd alphajAnd (7) corresponding. The luminous flux of the light source before reflection in each angle is:
then, irrespective of the energy loss of light as it passes through the lens and during propagation, there are, according to the conservation of energy:
EQ＝Et
by combining the above formulas, the corresponding
And thetaj。
The normal vector of the point on the curved surface is obtained by the law of refraction, the tangent is obtained by the normal vector, the coordinate of the point on the curve is obtained by obtaining the intersection point of the tangent and the incident ray, and the vector form of the law of refraction can be expressed as:
wherein,
is the unit vector of the incident light ray,
is a unit vector of the outgoing light,
is the unit normal vector, and n is the lens refractive index. In the calculation, what needs to be determined first is the initial point of calculation of the lens, which is determined as follows: setting the initial point first
The value is 0 degrees, then the distance between the circular plane at the bottom of the lens and the light emitting surface of the LED light source is set, namely the position of the incident surface of the lens is determined, and then the proper thickness of the lens is selected according to the distance. By fixing the value of angle theta (e.g. angle theta is 0 deg.), by varying the angle
Value (angle) of
From 0 ° to 60 °), calculation from the initial values determined above yields a free-form surfaceA free curve on the ejection face; by fixing different values of the angle theta (theta is more than or equal to 0 degree and less than or equal to 360 degrees) respectively and changing the angle
Value (angle) ofFrom 0 to 60), a series of free curves on the free-form surface emergent surface can be obtained through calculation. And finally, the free curves form a free-form surface emergent surface of the lens.
And importing the obtained discrete point coordinates into mechanical modeling software, and obtaining the free-form surface of the lens emergent surface through lofting fitting. On the basis of the free-form surface emergent surface, a circular plane incident surface at the bottom of the lens and a cylindrical surface on the side surface of the lens are added, and proper treatment and corresponding connection are carried out at the joint of the surfaces, so that all the surfaces are combined into a closed entity, namely the closed entity can be processed into an entity model of the lens, and finally the free-form surface optical lens of the LED automobile high beam is obtained.
Finally, on the basis of the free-form surface, a circular plane incident surface at the bottom of the lens and a cylindrical surface on the side surface of the lens are added, and proper treatment is carried out at the joint of the surfaces, so that all the surfaces are combined into a closed entity, namely, the closed entity can be processed into an entity model of the lens, and finally, the free-form surface optical lens of the LED automobile high beam is obtained, as shown in fig. 6. Fig. 7 is a three-dimensional perspective view of a free-form optical lens.
The LED automobile high beam provided by the invention is described in detail above, and the LED automobile high beam has the advantages of high light energy utilization rate, simple and stable structure, convenience in assembly, low cost, long service life and good light distribution performance, and meets the light distribution requirements of GB 25991-2010. The present invention is described in terms of exemplary embodiments using various model diagrams, which are only preferred and practical examples of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the invention can be modified in the specific embodiments and applications according to the spirit of the invention. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (4)
- The LED automobile high beam is characterized by comprising a plurality of LED light sources, a plurality of free-form surface optical lenses, a lens support and a bottom plate, wherein the lens support and the plurality of LED light sources are fixed on the bottom plate, a plurality of holes for the emergent light of the LED light sources to pass through are correspondingly formed in the lens support, a free-form surface optical lens is installed at each hole on the lens support, and the distance between the light emitting surface of each LED light source and the incident surface of each free-form surface optical lens is fixed through the height of the lens support.
- 2. The LED automobile high beam lamp of claim 1, wherein the number of the LED light sources and the number of the free-form optical lenses are 4.
- 3. The LED automotive high beam lamp of claim 1, wherein each of the openings of the lens holder has a reflector for reflecting light emitted from the LED light source and not directly entering the entrance surface of the free-form optical lens, and then entering the entrance surface.
- 4. The LED automotive high beam of claim 1, wherein the free-form optical lens comprises, in order, a circular entrance plane, a cylindrical side surface, and an exit surface that are in smooth transition with each other, the exit surface being a free-form surface, the shape of the free-form surface being determined as follows:establishing a rectangular coordinate system by taking the central point of the light emitting surface of the LED light source as a coordinate origin O, wherein the plane of the light emitting surface of the LED is an XOY plane, an axis which passes through the origin and is vertical to the XOY plane is a Z axis, the XOZ plane is a horizontal plane, the intersection point of the XOZ plane and the Z axis is O, the plane parallel to the XOY plane is an illumination plane XOY plane, and the point O is the central point of the illumination plane; the light energy distribution on the illumination surface is realized by the superposition of the light emission of a plurality of LED light sources, and because the distance between the LED light sources is very small relative to the distance from the light sources to the illumination surface, the light energy distribution can be calculated by one LED light source, and the total light energy distribution is directly obtained by adopting a multiple relation; firstly, according to the illumination distribution characteristics of a high beam lamp of an automobile on an illumination surface, setting the illumination area on the illumination surface as an elliptical area with the central point of the illumination surface as the center, then carrying out meshing on the elliptical area, then dividing a light source solid angle by using an energy conservation law, and finally obtaining a free-form surface of a lens by numerical calculation by using a refraction law, wherein the shape of the free-form surface is specifically determined as follows:firstly, the distance between a target illumination surface and an LED is d, the total luminous flux of an LED light source is Q, and the central light intensity is I0Q/pi; whereinIs the included angle between the emergent ray and the positive direction of the Z axis, theta is the included angle between the projection of the emergent ray on the XOY plane and the X axis, and alpha is the included angle between the connecting line of any point on the illumination surface and the point o and the X axis;
for a high beam, setting a target illumination area to be an ellipse, wherein the major semi-axis of the ellipse is a, and the minor semi-axis of the ellipse is b; discretizing the coordinate of the lighting surface, namely, respectively and equally dividing a major semi-axis a and a minor semi-axis b of an ellipse into n parts, aiAnd biRespectively representing the ith part of the long half shaft a and the ith part of the short half shaft b after being equally divided, wherein i is more than 0 and less than or equal to n; then using the central point of the lighting surface as the center, respectively using aiIs a long half shaft, biDrawing an ellipse for the short half axis, and dividing the illumination area into n parts of elliptical ring belt areas; then equally dividing the angle alpha into m parts, wherein alpha is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 360 degrees, and alpha isjJ-th part representing α after aliquoting; on the illumination surface, the point o is taken as an end point, and the included angle between the point o and the X axis is alphajEach oval ring belt area is subdivided into m parts by the ray bundles; thus, the target illumination area is divided into m × n small lattices, and the energy in each small lattice is:<math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>E</mi> <mi>Q</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>E</mi> <mo>·</mo> <msub> <mi>k</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>·</mo> <msubsup> <mo>∫</mo> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>α</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> </msubsup> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>·</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>·</mo> <msup> <msub> <mi>b</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <msup> <mi>cos</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mi>α</mi> <mo>·</mo> <msup> <msub> <mi>b</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>sin</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mi>α</mi> <mo>·</mo> <msup> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>-</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>·</mo> <msup> <msub> <mi>b</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> <mrow> <msup> <mi>cos</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mi>α</mi> <mo>·</mo> <msup> <msub> <mi>b</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>sin</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mi>α</mi> <mo>·</mo> <msup> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mi>dα</mi> </mrow> </math> in the formula, E.kiRepresenting an illumination value, setting a constant E as a preset illumination value according to the requirements of national standard GB25991-2010, and combining a variable kiUsed for controlling the illumination value of a designated area on the illumination surface to form a predetermined illumination distribution, wherein k is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1 (i); k is a radical ofiThe value of (a) is set according to the illumination requirement on the illumination surface, such as for the brightest region kiFor the edge region k, the value of (A) is in the range of 0.9 to 1iThe value range of (A) is 0-0.1;discretizing the solid angle of the light source involved in reflection, i.e. angles, corresponding to the zone division of the target illumination areaThe mixture is divided into n parts by weight,to represent
The first part of (a) to (b),
and aiAnd biCorresponding; dividing the angle theta into m parts, thetajDenotes the jth part of theta, thetajAnd alphajCorresponding; the luminous flux of the light source before reflection in each angle is:
according to the conservation of energy:EQ＝Etcombining the above formulas to obtain the correspondingAnd thetaj；
The normal vector of the point on the curved surface is obtained by the law of refraction, the tangent is obtained by the normal vector, the coordinate of the point on the curve is obtained by obtaining the intersection point of the tangent and the incident ray, and the vector form of the law of refraction can be expressed as:<math> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>n</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>·</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mover> <mi>Out</mi> <mo>→</mo> </mover> <mo>·</mo> <mover> <mi>In</mi> <mo>→</mo> </mover> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> </msup> <mo>·</mo> <mover> <mi>N</mi> <mo>→</mo> </mover> <mo>=</mo> <mover> <mi>Out</mi> <mo>→</mo> </mover> <mo>-</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>·</mo> <mover> <mi>In</mi> <mo>→</mo> </mover> </mrow> </math> wherein,is the unit vector of the incident light ray,is a unit vector of the outgoing light,is a unit normal vector, and n is the refractive index of the lens; in the above calculation, what needs to be determined first is the initial point of calculation of the lens, which is determined as follows: setting the initial point first
Setting the value to be 0 degrees, then setting the distance between the circular plane at the bottom of the lens and the light emitting surface of the LED light source, namely determining the position of the incident surface of the lens, and then selecting the proper thickness of the lens according to the distance; fixing the value of angle theta by varying the angleThe value of (2) is calculated by the determined initial value to obtain a free curve on the free-form surface emergent surface; by fixing different values of the angle theta and varying the angle
Obtaining a series of free curves on the free curved surface emergent surface; and finally, the free curves form a free-form surface emergent surface of the lens.
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