CN103624381A - Method for welding non-defective low-energy-consumption 2219 aluminum alloy - Google Patents

Method for welding non-defective low-energy-consumption 2219 aluminum alloy Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103624381A
CN103624381A CN201310566461.0A CN201310566461A CN103624381A CN 103624381 A CN103624381 A CN 103624381A CN 201310566461 A CN201310566461 A CN 201310566461A CN 103624381 A CN103624381 A CN 103624381A
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welding
content
aluminum alloy
lif
aluminium alloys
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Inventor
曲文卿
姚君山
牟国倩
张聃
尹玉环
郭立杰
庄鸿寿
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Beihang University
Shanghai Aerospace Equipments Manufacturer Co Ltd
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Beihang University
Shanghai Aerospace Equipments Manufacturer Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
    • B23K35/3601—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with inorganic compounds as principal constituents
    • B23K35/3603—Halide salts
    • B23K35/3605—Fluorides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/23—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for welding non-defective low-energy-consumption 2219 aluminum alloy. The method is characterized in that before welding, a to-be-welded part on the surface of 2219 aluminum alloy is sprayed with a layer of a surface film removing agent, and then the 2219 aluminum alloy is welded through a TIG welding processing method in a direct-current positive polarity mode. The surface film removing agent is composed of one or more kinds of fluoride in LiF, NaF, CaF2, KAlF4, K3AlF6 and the like. By means of the welding method, the 2219 aluminum alloy in the thickness range of 1mm-12mm can be formed through welding at a time without the need of grooving. The surface film removing agent has the functions of well removing oxidation films on the surface of the 2219 aluminum alloy and increasing the welding fusion depth, and welding currents are only 50% of currents in an alternating-current welding mode. Besides, no pore defects exist in welding seams of the welded 2219 aluminum alloy, and the tensile strength of a welding joint is 260-290MPa.

Description

A kind of welding method of zero defect low energy consumption 2219 aluminium alloys
Technical field
The invention belongs to welding field, relate to a kind of welding method.Specifically refer to a kind of welding method of zero defect low energy consumption 2219 aluminium alloys, its process is: before weldering, first at 2219 aluminum alloy surface spraying last layer in position to be welded surface stripper, then adopt the TIG welding technique of straight polarity mode to weld 2219 aluminium alloys.
Background technology
2219 aluminium alloys are one of structural materials important in aerospace field, in space industry is manufactured as carrier rocket, satellite, airship and guided missile etc. especially in occupation of epochmaking position.The weldability of aluminium alloy is relatively poor, be mainly due to: 1. oxidizable in air, generate fine and close aluminium oxide, cause welding slag inclusion; 2. in welding process, easily produce the defects such as pore; 3. thermal conductivity and thermal coefficient of expansion are large, and welding consumes more heat, easily produce larger welding deformation; 4. affect the overall performance of joint.
The current welding method that is usually used in 2219 aluminium alloys is AC-TIG WELDING weldering, and its reason is: the oxide-film of aluminum alloy surface densification is very difficult to remove in welding process, in TIG welding, can only adopt and exchange weldering, utilizes negative electrode atomizating phenomenon to remove oxide-film.AC-TIG WELDING weldering exists the problem of following several respects: welding penetration is little, welding process less stable, easily produce pore etc.
For improving these problems, square wave alternating-current TIG weldering, Variable Polarity TIG weldering and variable-polarity plasma welding technology etc. have been developed, these technology are not all broken away from stable problem and the back-welding shape problem that exchanges weldering process, as wanted in one side welding with back formation process for variable-polarity plasma welding technology, obtain good back side welding quality, must realize perforation effect, very harsh to technological requirement, and during welding thick aluminum alloy plate, although welding current is less than conventional AC-TIG WELDING weldering, electric current is still larger.
In recent years, development a kind ofly for titanium alloy and stainless active TIG soldering method, there is the welding penetration of increasing substantially and productivity ratio, reduce production costs; Can also greatly reduce welding deformation.
Domestic on this basis aluminium alloy has been carried out exchanging active weldering research, but the main direction of research is to improve the welding penetration of aluminium alloy, does not solve the unstability of AC arc welding and the problems such as defect of bringing thus.
Desirable solution should be to adopt direct current soldering method, utilize direct current welding arc stablility, and aluminium alloy caloric value when anodal is large, the tungsten electrode feature that caloric value is little while being negative pole, current capacity is large, not only can increase the welding penetration of aluminium alloy mother metal, but also can stabilized welding process, thereby reach good welding quality.But during electronic arc welding aluminium alloy, key issue is how to remove the oxide-film of aluminum alloy surface.
The present invention proposes a kind of welding method of novel zero defect low energy consumption 2219 aluminium alloys for this reason.Its feature is: 1, adopts straight polarity, improves the caloric value of aluminium alloy, thereby reach the object that increases welding penetration, and the aluminium alloy of welding same thickness, electric current only has 50% of AC welding mode; 2, adopt novel surface stripper, can effectively remove the oxide-film of aluminum alloy surface, activating agent has again the effect that increases welding penetration simultaneously, thereby further improves welding penetration and the welding productivity of aluminium alloy.3, the stability of direct-current arc is better than the stability of alternating current arc, can reduce the possibility that produces the defects such as pore in weld seam.The use of activating agent can further reduce weld seam and produce the defects such as pore.4,, with respect to the arc stabilizer that must use in AC welding equipment, adopt direct current welding manner to reduce complexity and the cost that exchanges soldering equipment.Therefore, compare with argon tungsten-arc welding, this welding method has the advantages such as welding penetration is large, productivity ratio is high, arc stability, reliable in quality; Compare with Laser Welding, electron beam welding, plasma weldering, the surfactant material low price that this welding method is used, and without expensive welding equipment, have with low cost, the advantage of good economy performance.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to provide a kind of zero defect low energy consumption high-efficiency welding method that is suitable for 2219 aluminium alloys.By spraying last layer surface stripper at 2219 aluminum alloy surface positions to be welded before welding, then adopt the TIG welding procedure of straight polarity mode to weld 2219 aluminium alloys.2219 aluminium alloys that can welding fabrication 1mm～12mm thickness range of square groove, welding current only has 50% of AC welding mode, and can obtain the welding point of flawless function admirable, in 2219 welded seam of aluminium alloys without any defects such as pore, slag inclusions, welding point hot strength can reach 260～290MPa.The present invention can realize the single face welding and double face shaping of 2219 aluminum alloy materials, and welding current reduces greatly with respect to exchanging Welding, has effectively improved welding productivity, has reduced energy resource consumption.
The surperficial stripper that the present invention proposes is by LiF, NaF, CaF 2, KAlF 4, K 3alF 6deng the combination of any and multiple compounds wherein, the granularity of fluoride is all less than 10 μ m.
Be to take LiF as a base, add NaF, CaF 2deng compound, wherein the content of LiF is 40～80%(percentage by weight), the content of NaF is 10～40%, CaF 2content be 10～40%.
Be to take LiF as a base, add KAlF 4, K 3alF 6, wherein the content of LiF is 40～80%(percentage by weight), KAlF 4content be 10～40%, K 3alF 6content be 10～40%.
Another kind is with KAlF 4for base, add LiF, NaF, CaF 2in fluoride, KAlF wherein 4content be 40～65%(percentage by weight), the content that the content of LiF is 10～25%, NaF is 10～25%, CaF 2content be 10～25%.
The advantage of the direct current active welding method of the present invention's 2219 aluminium alloys is: 1, adopts straight polarity, improves the caloric value of aluminium alloy, thereby reach the object that increases welding penetration, and the aluminium alloy of welding same thickness, electric current only has 50% of AC welding mode; 2, adopt novel surface stripper, can effectively remove the oxide-film of aluminum alloy surface, surperficial stripper has the effect that increases welding penetration simultaneously, thereby further improves welding penetration and the welding productivity of aluminium alloy.3, the stability of direct-current arc is better than the stability of alternating current arc, can reduce the possibility that produces the defects such as pore in weld seam.The use of surface stripper can further reduce again weld seam and produce the defects such as pore.4,, with respect to the arc stabilizer that must use in AC welding equipment, adopt direct current welding manner to reduce complexity and the cost that exchanges soldering equipment.Therefore, compare with argon tungsten-arc welding, this welding method has the advantages such as welding penetration is large, productivity ratio is high, arc stability, reliable in quality; Compare with Laser Welding, electron beam welding, plasma weldering, the surfactant material low price that this welding method is used, and without expensive welding equipment, have with low cost, the advantage of good economy performance.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
The present invention is a kind of zero defect low energy consumption direct current welding method of 2219 novel aluminium alloys, it is characterized in that: described welding method is first at 2219 aluminum alloy surface positions to be welded, to spray last layer surface stripper before weldering, then adopts the TIG welding technique of straight polarity mode to weld 2219 aluminium alloys.Described surperficial stripper is the combination of any or any multiple fluoride wherein such as lithium fluoride, calcirm-fluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoroaluminate.The granularity of fluoride is all less than 10 μ m.
The direct current active welding method implementation step of 2219 aluminium alloys of the present invention is as follows,
Step 1, by the even blending surface stripper of formulated component;
Step 2, is in harmonious proportion surperficial stripper with absolute ethyl alcohol;
Step 3, cleans 2219 aluminum alloy surface before welding;
Step 4, evenly applies layer of surface stripper with hairbrush or watering can at aluminum alloy surface position to be welded, to cover original aluminium alloy color, is advisable;
Step 5, adopts TIG weldering straight polarity mode to carry out the welding of 2219 aluminium alloys;
Step 6, postwelding is removed the surperficial stripper residue of face of weld.
Welding method of the present invention can welding fabrication 1mm～12mm thickness range of square groove 2219 aluminium alloys, the surperficial stripper the present invention relates to has the effect of removing well 2219 aluminum alloy surface oxide-films and increasing welding penetration, and welding current only has 50% of AC welding technique; And in 2219 welded seam of aluminium alloys of welding,, without any gas hole defect, welding point hot strength is 260～290MPa.
Embodiment 1: the direct current welding of 2219 aluminium alloys that thickness is 4mm
By proportioning weigh LiF, NaF, CaF 2, the granularity of each fluoride is all less than 10 μ m, mixes, and with absolute ethyl alcohol, is mixed into pasty state.Before welding, 2219 aluminum alloy surface are cleaned, then with hairbrush, brush equably the 2219 aluminium alloy docking welding surfaces of crossing in Chemical cleaning.Adopt TIG straight polarity welding manner to dock welding to 2219 thick aluminum alloy plate materials of 4mm, after welding finishes, carry out defects detection and Mechanics Performance Testing.
The average tensile strength of concrete formulated component, welding parameter and welding point sees the following form:
Figure BDA0000413757590000051
Test condition: the hot strength that adopts MTS-880 type universal material experimental machine to test above-mentioned 2219 welded joints in aluminium alloys.
Embodiment 2: the direct current welding of 2219 aluminium alloys that thickness is 8mm
By proportioning weigh LiF, KAlF 4, K 3alF 6, the granularity of each fluoride is all less than 10 μ m, mixes, and with absolute ethyl alcohol, is mixed into pasty state.Before welding, 2219 aluminum alloy surface are cleaned, then with hairbrush, brush equably the 2219 aluminium alloy docking welding surfaces of crossing in Chemical cleaning.Adopt TIG straight polarity welding manner to dock welding to 2219 thick aluminum alloy plate materials of 8mm, after welding finishes, carry out defects detection and Mechanics Performance Testing.
The average tensile strength of concrete formulated component, welding parameter and welding point sees the following form:
Figure BDA0000413757590000061
Test condition: the hot strength that adopts MTS-880 type universal material experimental machine to test above-mentioned 2219 welded joints in aluminium alloys.
Embodiment 3: the direct current welding of 2219 aluminium alloys that thickness is 12mm
By the proportioning KAlF that weighs 4, LiF, CaF 2, NaF, the granularity of each fluoride is all less than 10 μ m, mixes, and with absolute ethyl alcohol, reconciles into pasty state.Before welding, 2219 aluminum alloy surface are cleaned, then with hairbrush, brush equably the 2219 aluminium alloy docking welding surfaces of crossing in Chemical cleaning.Adopt TIG straight polarity welding manner to dock welding to 2219 thick aluminum alloy plate materials of 12mm, after welding finishes, carry out defects detection and Mechanics Performance Testing.
The average tensile strength of concrete formulated component, welding parameter and welding point sees the following form:
Test condition: the hot strength that adopts MTS-880 type universal material experimental machine to test above-mentioned 2219 welded joints in aluminium alloys.

Claims (7)

1. a welding method for zero defect low energy consumption 2219 aluminium alloys, is characterized in that: 1, adopt straight polarity welding procedure; 2, before weldering, at 2219 aluminum alloy surface positions to be welded, spray last layer surface stripper.
2. the zero defect low energy consumption direct current welding method of 2219 aluminium alloys according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described welding method is first at 2219 aluminum alloy surface spraying last layer in position to be welded surface stripper before weldering, then adopt the TIG welding technique of straight polarity mode to weld 2219 aluminium alloys, 2219 aluminium alloys that can welding fabrication 1mm～12mm thickness range of square groove, welding current only has 50% of AC welding mode.
3. the zero defect low energy consumption direct current welding method of 2219 aluminium alloys according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described surperficial stripper is by LiF, NaF, CaF 2, KAlF 4, K 3alF 6etc. multiple fluoride, form.
4. surperficial stripper according to claim 3, a kind of is to take LiF as base, adds NaF, CaF 2deng compound, wherein the content of LiF is 40～80%(percentage by weight), the content of NaF is 10～40%, CaF 2content be 10～40%.
5. surperficial stripper according to claim 3, a kind of is to take LiF as base, adds KAlF 4, K 3alF 6, wherein the content of LiF is 40～80%(percentage by weight), the content of KAlF4 is 10～40%, K 3alF 6content be 10～40%.
6. surperficial stripper according to claim 3, another kind is with KAlF 4for base, add LiF, NaF, CaF 2in fluoride, KAlF wherein 4content be 30～65%(percentage by weight), the content that the content of LiF is 10～25%, NaF is 10～25%, CaF 2content be 10～25%.
7. the zero defect low energy consumption direct current welding method of 2219 aluminium alloys according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in 2219 welded seam of aluminium alloys that described welding method is welded, without any gas hole defect, welding point hot strength is 260～290MPa.
CN201310566461.0A 2013-11-14 2013-11-14 Method for welding non-defective low-energy-consumption 2219 aluminum alloy Pending CN103624381A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN107460421A (en) * 2017-07-27 2017-12-12 中国航天科技集团公司长征机械厂 The lossless method for reducing of high strength alumin ium alloy large thin-wall tank welding residual stress
CN109014497A (en) * 2018-07-20 2018-12-18 沈阳鼓风机集团压力容器有限公司 It is a kind of suitable for compressor and its with the pipeline welding method for applying lubricating oil station

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107460421A (en) * 2017-07-27 2017-12-12 中国航天科技集团公司长征机械厂 The lossless method for reducing of high strength alumin ium alloy large thin-wall tank welding residual stress
CN109014497A (en) * 2018-07-20 2018-12-18 沈阳鼓风机集团压力容器有限公司 It is a kind of suitable for compressor and its with the pipeline welding method for applying lubricating oil station

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Application publication date: 20140312