CN103618322B - Dynamic reactive efficiency quantitative evaluation method oriented towards transient voltage stability - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamic reactive efficiency quantitative evaluation method oriented towards transient voltage stability, and relates to the field of reactive evaluation of transient voltage stability of a power system. The dynamic reactive efficiency quantitative evaluation method oriented towards transient voltage stability is used for a specific transient voltage instability scene, increase of the power system transient voltage recovery time is used as a voltage supporting efficiency index, quantitative evaluation is carried out on transient voltage supporting efficiency of a dynamic reactive source configured on a node to be evaluated, a unified evaluation standard is built so that efficiency of dynamic reactive sources configured on different nodes to system transient voltage supporting is determined, an efficiency quantitative evaluation curve of the dynamic reactive source is obtained, the reference is provided for reasonable configuration of the dynamic reactive source, and the problem that the transient voltage is unstable can be solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of reactive power evaluation of transient voltage stability of a power system, in particular to a dynamic reactive power efficiency quantitative evaluation method for transient voltage stability.
Background
The current power system develops to large units, large power grids and large-capacity long-distance power transmission, and along with the development of the power grids, the continuous application of new technology and new control means, the increasing tension of power transmission line corridors and the increasing heavy load of system operation, the voltage instability gradually becomes a common phenomenon of the power system instability, and large-scale power failure accidents happen.
When a power system is under heavy load, after large disturbance (such as system failure, loss of a generator or a line) occurs, transient voltage instability of the power system is easy to occur due to the existence of dynamic loads such as an induction motor and the like and due to influence factors such as loss increase caused by large-scale power flow transfer after disconnection, and in case of serious conditions, voltage breakdown of the power system can be caused, and a large-scale power failure phenomenon occurs. And the dynamic reactive power compensation device (static synchronous compensator STATCOM and the like) can relieve the voltage drop in the transient process to a certain extent. This is due to the fast controllability of the dynamic reactive power compensation device, which may provide fast and efficient reactive support in case of transient voltage instability. Therefore, the supporting capability of the dynamic reactive power compensation device is considered from the perspective of transient voltage stabilization, and the method has more practical significance.
In the voltage instability problem, insufficient reactive power is the root cause of voltage sag, and therefore, knowledge of the reactive power characteristics is required. Firstly, the reactive power is different from the active power: on one hand, reactive power needs to be compensated locally and cannot be transmitted in a long distance; on the other hand, the main role of reactive power is to ensure the safety and stability of the power system. Furthermore, reactive compensation configurations of the same capacity (e.g., 1 MVar) will have different effects on the voltage distribution of the power system at different locations in the power system, and it is important how to evaluate the performance of the various reactive power sources. In order to solve the problem, researchers in China and abroad provide various methods for evaluating the efficiency of the reactive power in consideration of economic factors, voltage stability factors and other aspects.
The method for evaluating the reactive power efficiency comprises the following steps: a voltage sensitivity method, a PV (power-voltage) curve, a backup power generation method, an equivalent reactive compensation (ERC-equivalent reactive compensation) method, and the like. The voltage sensitivity method can display the influence of the reactive power source output of unit capacity on the change of the loss of the power system, and mainly depends on the grid structure of the power system and the distribution condition of the reactive power source; the PV curve rule shows how much transmission capacity can be improved by reactive power output of unit capacity, and under the condition of heavy load of the power system, after the compensation capacity of a reactive power source reaches the limit, the power transmission capacity of the power system also reaches the limit, so that the reactive power source close to the load has higher importance to the power system; the standby generating capacity rule shows the reactive standby capacity of the generator and the reactive output efficiencies of different generators; in the methods, the equivalent reactive compensation rule can evaluate the importance of each reactive power source to the system, the equivalent reactive compensation rule has a unified standard, and the importance degree of the reactive power source, namely the corresponding economic value can be obtained by comparing the equivalent reactive compensation curves.
The ERC method can obtain the performance curves of the reactive power source, and the curves can indicate the importance of the dynamic reactive power source, and the basic idea of the method is as follows: when the output of the actual dynamic reactive power source is reduced, the voltage distribution and the transmission limit of the power system are changed, the virtual reactive power sources are arranged at all the load nodes to compensate the deficiency of the reactive power, so that the reactive power is restored to the previous balance state, and the sum of the output of all the virtual reactive power sources is used for representing the efficiency of the reactive power sources. The ERC method is effectively applied to the power market, reactive purchasing is carried out by quantifying the price of the output of the reactive power source, and advantages can be obtained in the competition of the power market. Meanwhile, the ERC method can also be used for reasonably arranging the output of the reactive power source, optimizing the reactive power configuration and improving the stability of the static voltage of the system. The ERC method improves the overall voltage level of the system by adding reactive power sources at all load nodes, belongs to a reactive power quantization method based on the problem of static voltage stability, cannot effectively evaluate the efficiency of the dynamic reactive power source facing the transient voltage stability, and cannot reasonably configure the dynamic reactive power source to alleviate the problem of transient voltage instability of the power system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a dynamic reactive power efficiency quantitative evaluation method for transient voltage stability, which realizes effective evaluation of dynamic reactive power source efficiency of transient voltage stability and is described in detail in the following:
a dynamic reactive power efficiency quantitative evaluation method for transient voltage stability comprises the following steps:
(1) determining the operation mode and the given fault of the power system, and setting a transient voltage instability scene;
(2) under a transient voltage instability scene, calculating voltage drop values delta Ui of n nodes of a receiving end system, and acquiring a reference node m;
(3) configuring a dynamic reactive power source through a node j to be evaluated, taking the capacity Qj (k) of the dynamic reactive power source as a variable, and taking the initial value as Qj (0);
(4) setting an iteration step length lambda, and simultaneously setting an iteration parameter k = 0;
(5) under the action of the dynamic reactive power source capacity Qj (k), calculating the transient voltage recovery time of the power system to be tj to obtain equivalent reactive compensation capacity;
(6) adding an iteration parameter k = k +1, wherein the dynamic reactive power source output of the node j isRepeating the step (5) to obtain the equivalent reactive compensation capacity Q of a group of dynamic reactive power sourcesERC(Qj(k))。
The step of acquiring the reference node m specifically comprises:
wherein, UNRepresents the ith node voltage rating; u shapeiRepresenting the actual value of the voltage 1 second after the i-th node failure,
finding the node m with the most severe voltage drop, i.e. Δ Um=max{ΔU1，ΔU2，…，ΔUmThe mth node is the reference node.
The step of obtaining the equivalent reactive compensation capacity specifically comprises the following steps:
dynamic reactive power source capacity Q of to-be-evaluated node jj(k)Setting zero and adjusting virtual reactive power source capacityObtaining the transient voltage recovery time t of the power system at the momentmSo that it satisfies:
1to obtain equivalent reactive compensation capacity, i.e. virtual reactive source capacity Q, for minimum errorERC(Qj(k))=Qm，Qj(k)And QmHas equivalent transient voltage supporting performance.
Obtaining the equivalent reactive compensation capacity Q of a group of dynamic reactive power sourcesERC(Qj(k)) The method comprises the following specific steps:
when:
time, i.e. equivalent reactive compensation capacity value QERC(Qj(k)) Equivalent capacity value Q obtained from previous stepERC(Qj(k)- λ) is smaller than the tolerance;2stopping calculation to obtain Q of the node to be evaluatedj(k)Equivalent reactive power efficiency curve Q ofERC(Qj(k))。
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that: aiming at a specific transient voltage instability scene, the transient voltage recovery time of the power system is improved to serve as a voltage support efficiency index, the transient voltage support efficiency of the dynamic reactive power source configured on the node to be evaluated is quantitatively evaluated, a uniform evaluation standard is established, the efficiency of the dynamic reactive power source configured on different nodes for supporting the transient voltage of the system is determined, further, an efficiency quantitative evaluation curve of the dynamic reactive power source is obtained, and reference is provided for reasonably configuring the dynamic reactive power source, so that the transient voltage instability problem is relieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for quantitative evaluation of dynamic reactive power efficiency;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a simple model for calculating active and reactive power transfer;
FIG. 3 is a STATCOM reactive response diagram;
FIG. 4 is a graph of node voltages after a STATCOM is configured;
FIG. 5 is a geographical wiring diagram of a planned power grid Henan commercial area;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a 220kV bus voltage sag condition;
fig. 7 is an equivalent quantitative evaluation graph of each evaluation node configuration STATCOM.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the invention provides a dynamic reactive power quantification assessment method (D-ERC) for the transient voltage stability problem, aiming at improving the transient voltage stability of a power system. Therefore, by drawing an equivalent reactive power quantization curve of each node to be evaluated configured with a dynamic reactive power source, comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the node to be evaluated to the transient voltage support of the power system, and providing reference to the reasonably configured dynamic reactive power source to alleviate the transient voltage instability problem of the system, see fig. 1 for details described below:
101: determining the operation mode and the given fault of the power system, and setting a transient voltage instability scene;
that is, the transient voltage instability scenario is determined by the operation mode of the power system and a given fault, which is well known to those skilled in the art, and the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.
102: under the transient voltage instability scene, calculating the voltage drop value delta U of n nodes of the receiving end systemiAnd obtaining a reference node m;
wherein, UNRepresents the ith node voltage rating; u shapeiRepresenting the actual voltage value 1 second after the i-th node failure.
Finding the node m with the most severe voltage drop, i.e. Δ Um＝max{ΔU1，ΔU2，…，ΔUmThe true mth node is a reference node, a virtual reactive power source is arranged at the node, and the capacity of the virtual reactive power source is expressed asAnd with virtual reactive source capacity and dynamicsAnd establishing an evaluation reference system for the reactive power source capacity.
103: configuring a dynamic reactive power source through a node j to be evaluated, and using the capacity Q of the dynamic reactive power sourcej(k)As a variable, the initial value is Qj(0)；
In practical application, the node j to be evaluated can be configured with dynamic reactive power sources with different capacities, and each dynamic reactive power source with different capacity uses Qj(k)And (4) showing.
104: setting an iteration step length lambda, and simultaneously setting an iteration parameter k = 0;
105: in dynamic reactive power source capacity Qj(k)Under the action of (1), calculating the transient voltage recovery time of the power system as tjObtaining equivalent reactive compensation capacity;
wherein the transient voltage recovery time is defined as: the time required for the power system voltage to recover to 0.75 per-unit value after the fault is cleared. Dynamic reactive power source capacity Q of to-be-evaluated node jj(k)Setting zero and adjusting virtual reactive power source capacityObtaining the transient voltage recovery time t of the power system at the momentmSo that it satisfies:
1in order to minimize the error, the error is reduced,1the value is set according to the requirement in practical application, and the equivalent reactive compensation capacity, namely the virtual reactive source capacity Q is obtained at the momentERC(Qj(k))=Qm，Qj(k)And QmHas equivalent transient voltage supporting performance.
106: adding an iteration parameter k = k +1, wherein the dynamic reactive power source output of the node j isRepeating the step 105 to obtain the equivalent reactive compensation capacity Q of a group of dynamic reactive power sourcesERC(Qj(k))。
When:
time, i.e. equivalent reactive compensation capacity value QERC(Qj(k)) Equivalent capacity value Q obtained from previous stepERC(Qj(k)Lambda) is smaller than the tolerance2And if the compensation is sufficient and excessive dynamic reactive power does not act on the transient voltage of the power system, stopping the calculation. Thus, the node to be evaluated can be obtained about Qj(k)Equivalent reactive power efficiency curve Q ofERC(Qj(k))。
In the same step, equivalent reactive power quantitative evaluation curves of all the dynamic reactive power sources of the nodes to be evaluated can be respectively calculated, the curves have a unified evaluation standard, the transient voltage support efficiency of each dynamic reactive power source under a specific transient voltage instability scene can be clearly compared, and the importance degree of the transient voltage support efficiency can be judged.
The invention provides a transient voltage stabilization-oriented dynamic reactive power efficiency quantitative evaluation method aiming at the transient voltage supporting efficiency of a dynamic reactive power source in the transient voltage instability process of a power system, and the method is used for carrying out standardized quantitative evaluation.
The dynamic reactive power efficiency quantitative evaluation method for transient voltage stabilization is based on the characteristic that a dynamic reactive power compensation device can support transient voltage under a transient voltage instability scene, and due to the transmission characteristic of reactive power, the reactive power compensation devices in different areas have different recovery effects on the transient voltage of a system. This feature is briefly described below:
first, taking a simple system for calculating the active and reactive power transmission characteristics as an example, as shown in fig. 2, the reactive power transmission characteristics of the system are described, and the expressions of the active power and the reactive power of the receiving end are respectively as follows:
pr and Qr are receiving end active power and reactive power respectively; es and Er are equivalent potentials of a sending end system and a receiving end system respectively; x is equivalent reactance of the transmission line; is the phase angle difference of the voltage of the transmitting and receiving end systems.
When the phase angle difference between two ends of the line is smallTherefore, the reactive power of the receiving end and the transmitting end has the following approximate expression:
according to the formula, the reactive power transmission is mainly determined by the amplitude of the voltage, and the transmission direction flows from the end with high voltage to the end with low voltage.
When the power system is under a heavy load condition, the transmission power and the power angle are large, and the power system does not have the physical characteristics. At this time, the reactive power of the receiving end system is a negative value, that is, the reactive power consumed by the line is the sum of the reactive power injected by the transmitting end and the receiving end. Therefore, the reactive power shortage under the heavy load condition is serious, and the voltage instability phenomenon is easy to occur. The active and reactive losses on the impedance of the transmission line are known as follows:
wherein, Ploss、QlossRespectively the active and reactive losses on the impedance of the transmission line; i is line current; r, X is line resistance and reactance; p, Q, U are transmitted active power, reactive power and voltage, respectively.
In order to minimize the transmission power loss of the line while ensuring that the active power transmitted by the line is constant, the reactive power transmitted by the line must be minimized, and a high voltage level should be maintained, so that the reactive power loss can be reduced, and the voltage stability of the system can be improved. Therefore, under heavy load, reactive power transmission is inefficient, and a reactive compensation source should be close to a load area. And the reasonable selection of the installation place of the reactive power source can improve the stability and the economy of the system.
The quick reactive response of the dynamic reactive power compensation device is obviously helpful for improving the transient voltage stability of the system. When the system is subjected to large disturbance, the reactive power demand is greatly increased, and the voltage is reduced, the dynamic reactive power source provides reactive power support, so that the reactive power load demand is reduced, the voltage recovery time is shortened, and the system is helped to achieve voltage stabilization again. As shown in fig. 3, the STATCOM generates a large amount of reactive power in the transient process, which helps to improve the transient voltage stability of the system. Fig. 4 is a simulation diagram after the STATCOM is installed, and it can be seen from the diagram that the addition of the dynamic reactive power source is beneficial to the transient voltage recovery of the system.
The feasibility of the process is demonstrated below in specific examples, described in detail below: take 2015 summer to plan the power grid in a large formula as an example. The geographical wiring diagram of the river south vendor (Kaifeng-Shang) area is shown in FIG. 5. Before the fault, the total active and reactive loads of the businessman area are 5269MW and 1716Mvar respectively, and the load power factor is about 0.95; because the local start-up is less, the voltage reactive power supporting capability is weaker, and the transient voltage instability problem is easy to occur. The commercial district load is composed of a pure impedance static load and 50% of an induction motor load. When a three-phase short circuit fault occurs in a 500kV one-circuit bus in Yu Xiang Yu Zhu week, and a double-circuit line is tripped by mistake, the transient voltage instability phenomenon occurs in the power system. The 220kV bus voltage drop condition of the power system is shown in FIG. 6. On the basis, the support efficiency of the dynamic reactive power source of the node to be evaluated of the receiving-end power grid is evaluated by adopting a D-ERC method.
The first step is as follows: the transient voltage instability scene is used for research.
The second step is that: calculate the voltage droop on each node (only a few are listed):
TABLE 1 transient Voltage sag conditions (p.u.) for each node
| Node name | Yu Yong city | Rhizoma paridis of Wei Yu | Health of the Yu | Yuzhuang week | Yuguangming medicine | Yuyouji (Yuyouji) | Yu Zhao gang |
| Voltage | 0.4760 | 0.4217 | 0.3816 | 0.3574 | 0.4576 | 0.3281 | 0.226 |
The voltage drop of the Yongcheng Yu node is the most serious, so that the Yongcheng node is selected as a reference node, a virtual reactive power source is arranged, and the capacity of the virtual reactive power source is QERCAnd is set to zero.
The third step: the nodes to be evaluated in the business-opening region comprise Yuwei storied building, Yu healthy, Yuzhuang week, Yuguang, Yuyou Ji, Yuzhao and other nodes. Taking the node to be evaluated healthy and additionally provided with the dynamic reactive power source STATCOM as an example, the voltage support efficiency of the node to be evaluated in the transient voltage instability process of the system is evaluated. Its dynamic reactive power source capacity is QHealth (k)Initial capacity of QHealth (0)=50MVar。
The fourth step: and setting an iteration step length lambda =50MVar and an iteration parameter k = 0.
The fifth step: the iteration parameter k =2 is taken as an example to illustrate, and the dynamic reactive source capacity of the healthy node is QHealth (2)=QHealth (0)+ k λ =50MVar +2 × 50MVar =150MVar when Q is equalHealth (2)When acting on the system alone, the transient voltage recovery time t of the systemHealth care=90 (cycle). Then setting the dynamic reactive power source to zero, adjusting the compensation capacity of the virtual reactive power source, and adjusting the compensation capacityTime of transient voltage recovery t of the systemYongcheng city=90 (cycle), the condition is satisfied:
therefore, it can be shown that the two have equivalent transient voltage supporting performance, and the equivalent reactive compensation capacity is
And a sixth step: changing the dynamic reactive power source capacity Q by making the iteration parameter k = k +1Health (k)=QHealth (0)And + k lambda, repeating the step five to obtain different equivalent reactive compensation capacity values, and when the capacity values satisfy the following conditions:
the calculation is stopped, and thus an equivalent reactive power quantitative evaluation curve of the dynamic reactive power source configuration efficiency of the healthy node can be obtained.
And sequentially carrying out quantitative evaluation on the dynamic reactive power sources configured to the nodes to be evaluated to obtain a cluster of evaluation curves, as shown in fig. 7. Table 2 shows the equivalent reactive capacity values of each node.
TABLE 2 equivalent reactive Capacity (MVar)
By taking the Yuyongheng as a reference node, an equivalent reactive power quantitative evaluation curve is established as shown in fig. 7, and as can be seen from fig. 7, the effect of configuring a dynamic reactive power source at the Guangming node aiming at the fault is obvious, the effects of the nodes such as Weilou, Zhuang week, health, Youji and the like are weakened in sequence, and the compensation effect of the Zhao gang node is poor. Therefore, it can be seen that when a three-phase short circuit and double-circuit fault of one circuit occurs in the Yuzhuan period, the dynamic reactive power source STATCOM is configured at the nodes of Guangming, Yongcheng, Weilou and the like, so that a good transient voltage supporting effect can be achieved.
In summary, the embodiment of the present invention provides a transient voltage stabilization-oriented dynamic reactive power efficiency quantitative evaluation method, which uses a specific transient voltage instability scene as a research object, uses a node with the most severe transient voltage sag as a reference node, sets a virtual reactive power source, establishes a reference system by using its compensation capacity, and configures dynamic reactive power sources for all nodes to be evaluated, and performs comparative analysis on their support efficiency on transient voltages, so as to effectively evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the dynamic reactive power sources configured for each node, and provide a reference for reasonably configuring the dynamic reactive power sources, so as to effectively alleviate the transient voltage instability problem.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the drawings are only schematic illustrations of preferred embodiments, and the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely provided for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (3)
1. A dynamic reactive power efficiency quantitative evaluation method for transient voltage stability is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) determining the operation mode and the given fault of the power system, and setting a transient voltage instability scene;
(2) under the transient voltage instability scene, calculating the voltage drop value delta U of n nodes of the receiving end systemiAnd obtaining a reference node m;
(3) configuring a dynamic reactive power source for the node j to be evaluated, and configuring the capacity Q of the dynamic reactive power sourcej(k)As a changeQuantity, initial value is Qj(0)；
(4) Setting an iteration step length lambda and simultaneously setting an iteration parameter k to be 0;
(5) in dynamic reactive power source capacity Qj(k)Under the action of (1), calculating the transient voltage recovery time of the power system as tjObtaining equivalent reactive compensation capacity;
(6) increasing the iteration parameter k to k +1, wherein the dynamic reactive power source output of the node j is Qj(k)＝Qj(0)And (5) repeating the step (5) to obtain the equivalent reactive compensation capacity Q of a group of dynamic reactive power sourcesERC(Qj(k))；
The step of acquiring the reference node m specifically comprises:
wherein, UNiIndicating the voltage rating of the ith node, UiRepresenting the actual voltage value of the ith node after 1 second of failure; finding the node m with the most severe voltage drop, i.e. Δ Um＝max{ΔU1,ΔU2,...,ΔUnAnd the mth node is a reference node, a virtual dynamic reactive power source is arranged at the point, and the capacity is QERC。
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining the equivalent reactive compensation capacity specifically comprises:
dynamic reactive power source capacity Q of to-be-evaluated node jj(k)Setting zero, adjusting the virtual reactive source capacity Q of the reference node mERC＝QmObtaining the transient voltage recovery time t of the power system at the momentm；tjAnd (3) configuring the transient voltage recovery time of the dynamic reactive power source at the position j of the node to be evaluated so as to meet the following conditions:
|tm-tj|＜1
wherein,1to allow error, obtaining equivalent reactive compensation capacity, i.e. virtual reactive source capacity QERC(Qj(k))＝Qm，Qj(k)And QmHas equivalent transient voltage supporting performance.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the equivalent reactive compensation capacity Q of a group of dynamic reactive power sources is performed by a dynamic reactive efficiency quantitative evaluation method for transient voltage stabilityERC(Qj(k)) The method comprises the following specific steps:
when in use
|QERC(Qj(k))-QERC(Qj(k)-λ)|＜2
Time, i.e. equivalent reactive compensation capacity value QERC(Qj(k)) Equivalent capacity value Q obtained from previous stepERC(Qj(k)Lambda) is smaller than the allowable error2Stopping calculation to obtain Q of the node to be evaluatedj(k)Equivalent reactive power efficiency curve Q ofERC(Qj(k))。
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