CN103616689B - Based on the microwave three-D imaging method of leggy central observation constrained optimization - Google Patents

Based on the microwave three-D imaging method of leggy central observation constrained optimization Download PDF

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CN103616689B
CN103616689B CN201310699688.2A CN201310699688A CN103616689B CN 103616689 B CN103616689 B CN 103616689B CN 201310699688 A CN201310699688 A CN 201310699688A CN 103616689 B CN103616689 B CN 103616689B
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center
phase
observation area
leggy
antenna
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CN103616689A (en
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洪文
王彦平
谭维贤
彭学明
林赟
丁赤飚
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Jigang Defense Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Institute of Electronics of CAS
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
    • G01S13/90—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging using synthetic aperture techniques, e.g. synthetic aperture radar [SAR] techniques
    • G01S13/904—SAR modes

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  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of microwave three-D imaging method based on leggy central observation constrained optimization, comprising: steps A: by leggy center, imaging is carried out to target, and pre-service is carried out to the target echo signal received after imaging; Step B: range attenuation compensation factors and antenna radiation pattern correction process are carried out to pretreated echoed signal; Step C: adopt observational constraints optimization method to process described compensation and the echoed signal after correcting; Step D: extract observation area three-dimensional microwave dispersion image, observation area scene 3-dimensional digital surface model or observation area scene orthogonal projection microwave imagery from the result of step C.The method, under different sampling constraints and out of phase center number condition, is applicable to the microwave three-dimensional imaging that synthetic aperture unifies ball observation geometric description.

Description

Based on the microwave three-D imaging method of leggy central observation constrained optimization
Technical field
The present invention relates to antenna, radar imagery and signal processing technology field, particularly based on the microwave three-D imaging method of leggy central observation constrained optimization.
Background technology
Microwave three-dimensional imaging mode based on leggy center spatial and temporal distributions can obtain the wavenumber information in the whole solid space of observation scene.For the microwave three-dimensional imaging mode of leggy center spatial and temporal distributions, there is no clearly unified formation method at present.Inventor, when considering observational constraints condition, proposes leggy central three-dimensional formation method.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical matters that will solve
For solving above-mentioned one or more problems, the invention provides the three-D imaging method based on leggy central observation constrained optimization.
(2) technical scheme
The invention provides a kind of microwave three-D imaging method based on leggy central observation constrained optimization, comprising:
Steps A: imaging is carried out to target by leggy center, and pre-service is carried out to the target echo signal received after imaging;
Step B: range attenuation compensation factors and antenna radiation pattern correction process are carried out to pretreated echoed signal;
Step C: adopt observational constraints optimization method to process described compensation and the echoed signal after correcting;
Step D: extract observation area three-dimensional microwave dispersion image, observation area scene 3-dimensional digital surface model or observation area scene orthogonal projection microwave imagery from the result of step C.
Wherein, in described steps A, leggy center is the center, spatial polyphase position that formed by many physical antennas or is moved the time leggy center formed by certain hour by single or multiple antenna.
Wherein, for center, spatial polyphase position, described pre-service comprises and compensates range error between multiple physical antenna and phase error.
Wherein, for time leggy center, described pre-service comprises and compensates the Doppler shift error that between the position of antenna, attitude error and antenna, in transmitting-receiving process, Platform movement brings.
For sub-step A2: the leggy center formed by certain hour motion for single or multiple antenna, before imaging processing, need.
Wherein, in step B, range attenuation compensation factors is carried out to echoed signal and antenna radiation pattern correction process is shown below:
Wherein, for pretreated echoed signal, Y is the echoed signal after range attenuation compensation factors and antenna radiation pattern correct, for the range attenuation factor, A tfor the antenna radiation pattern (actual measurement obtains) at transmitter, phase center, A rfor the antenna radiation pattern (actual measurement obtains) at receiving phase center, H nfor the scattering coefficient of observation area scene objects, P (t) for transmitting, t dfor scene objects receive-after-transmit time delay, ζ is the error existed in echoed signal, and n is scene objects, and S is whole observation area three-dimensional scenic, and λ is the wavelength that transmits, and R is the distance of target in phase center to scene.
Wherein, the error ζ existed in echoed signal at center, spatial polyphase position interval scale amplitude phase error, the Doppler shift error that between time leggy center interval scale aerial position, attitude error and antenna, in transmitting-receiving process, Platform movement brings.
Wherein, step C specifically comprises:
Step C1: when described heterogeneous centrical phase center number is 2, using one of them phase center as reference phase center, to the echoed signal phase difference process compensated described in two phase centers and after correction, and solve observation area scene digital surface model;
Step C2: when arbitrary neighborhood phase center sampling interval meets wherein, λ is the wavelength that transmits, and θ is the beam angle of phase center along its distribution arrangement; And phase center number is when being more than or equal to 3, described compensation and the echoed signal after correcting is carried out three-dimensional coherent accumulation to leggy center and wave traveling sampling, observation area three-dimensional microwave image can be obtained; And
Step C3: when arbitrary neighborhood phase center sampling interval does not meet time, and when phase center number is more than or equal to 3, by observing matrix, the echoed signal after observation area three-dimensional scenic and described compensation and correction is expressed as ill-posedness equation solution.
Wherein, the scene digital surface model of observation area described in step C2 represents as follows:
Wherein, H is that antenna arrives scene surface elevation, and r is the oblique distance of fixed phase center to target, and α is aperture and the horizontal plane angle of two phase place center formation, and λ is the wavelength that transmits, for the phase differential after the process of two-phase centrical echoed signal phase difference, L is the sampling interval between two phase place center.
Wherein, in step C3, observation area three-dimensional microwave image obtains as follows:
H n = ∫ x ∫ y ∫ t Y d t d x d y
Wherein, for pretreated target echo signal, x, y, z is observation area rectangular coordinate system three coordinate directions.
Wherein, in step C3, solving equation is as follows:
Y=ΦH
Wherein, Y is the matrix form of the echoed signal Y in step B after compensating and correcting, Φ is the observing matrix determined by target and radar geometric relationship, and H divides the matrix form after 3D grid to observation area three-dimensional scenic, and grid cell size is suitable with dimensional resolution; Observing matrix is expressed as:
Φ = 1 R 2 · A T · A R · H n · P ( t - t d ) · exp { - j 4 πR λ }
Wherein, for the range attenuation factor, A tfor the antenna radiation pattern at transmitter, phase center, A rfor the antenna radiation pattern at receiving phase center, H nfor the scattering coefficient of observation area scene objects, P (t) for transmitting, t dfor scene objects receive-after-transmit time delay.
(3) beneficial effect
As can be seen from technique scheme, the microwave three-D imaging method that the present invention is based on leggy central observation constrained optimization has following beneficial effect:
(1) the method is applicable to the three-dimensional synthetic aperture radar of the distribution of leggy centre time and space distribution;
(2) the method is applicable to the situation that leggy center spatial and temporal distributions is strictly sampled, and is also applicable to the situation of leggy center spatial and temporal distributions non-critical sampling.(3) beneficial effect
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the microwave three-D imaging method flow process based on leggy central observation constrained optimization.
Embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly understand, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and with reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
It should be noted that, in accompanying drawing or instructions describe, similar or identical part all uses identical figure number.The implementation not illustrating in accompanying drawing or describe is form known to a person of ordinary skill in the art in art.In addition, although herein can providing package containing the demonstration of the parameter of particular value, should be appreciated that, parameter without the need to definitely equaling corresponding value, but can be similar to corresponding value in acceptable error margin or design constraint.In addition, the direction term mentioned in following examples, such as " on ", D score, "front", "rear", "left", "right" etc., be only the direction with reference to accompanying drawing.Therefore, the direction term of use is used to illustrate and is not used for limiting the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows in one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the microwave three-D imaging method of the leggy central observation constrained optimization provided.As shown in Figure 1, the method comprises:
Steps A: leggy center can be formed at (center, spatial polyphase position) by many physical antennas in space, also can form (time leggy center) by single or multiple antenna by motion within a certain period of time.The leggy center that these two kinds of modes are formed needs to do different pre-service before imaging processing.Be embodied in:
Sub-step A1: the leggy central distribution situation formed for the many physical antenna in space, before imaging processing, needs to compensate between multiple physical antenna due to range error A that technique, electronic devices and components performance difference etc. bring iand phase error wherein i is the numbering of different physical antenna.
Sub-step A2: the leggy center formed by certain hour motion for single or multiple antenna, before imaging processing, needs the Doppler shift error that between the position of compensation antenna, attitude error and antenna, in transmitting-receiving process, Platform movement brings.
Step B: range attenuation compensation factors and antenna radiation pattern correction are carried out to pretreated echoed signal.Transmitting, in pulse repetition rate and work schedule determination situation, echoed signal corresponding to heterogeneous centrical radar is adopted to be embodied in:
Wherein, for pretreated echoed signal, Y is the echoed signal after range attenuation compensation factors and antenna radiation pattern correct, for the range attenuation factor, A tfor the antenna radiation pattern (actual measurement obtains) at transmitter, phase center, A rfor the antenna radiation pattern (actual measurement obtains) at receiving phase center, H nfor the scattering coefficient of observation area scene objects, P (t) for transmitting, t dfor scene objects receive-after-transmit time delay, ζ is error (the spatial polyphase position central distribution interval scale amplitude phase error existed in echoed signal, the Doppler shift error that between time leggy center interval scale aerial position, attitude error and antenna, in transmitting-receiving process, Platform movement brings), n is scene objects, S is whole observation area three-dimensional scenic, λ is the wavelength that transmits, and R is the distance of target in phase center to scene.Range attenuation compensation factors and antenna radiation pattern correction was completed before imaging processing.
Step C: the microwave three-D imaging method under leggy center scenarios can be determined according to observational constraints optimization, is embodied in:
Sub-step C1: when phase center number is 2, first complete imaging pre-service by steps A, range attenuation compensation factors and antenna radiation pattern correction is completed again by step B, then using one of them phase center as with reference to phase center, by the echoed signal phase difference process to two phase centers, obtain observation area scene digital surface model (DSM, DigitalSurfaceModel), solving result is expressed as:
Wherein, H is that antenna arrives scene surface elevation, and r is the oblique distance of fixed phase center to target, and α is aperture and the horizontal plane angle of two phase place center formation, and λ is the wavelength that transmits, for the phase differential after the process of two-phase centrical echoed signal phase difference, L is the sampling interval between two phase place center.
Sub-step C2: when arbitrary neighborhood phase center sampling interval meets and phase center number is when being more than or equal to 3, first complete pre-service by steps A, complete range attenuation compensation factors and antenna radiation pattern correction by step B again, then echoed signal carried out three-dimensional coherent accumulation to leggy center and wave traveling sampling, be specifically expressed as:
H n = ∫ x ∫ y ∫ t Y d t d x d y
Wherein, x, y, z is observation area rectangular coordinate system three coordinate directions, after completing coherent accumulation, can obtain observation area three-dimensional microwave image H n.And
Sub-step C3: when arbitrary neighborhood phase center sampling interval does not meet time, wherein, θ is the beam angle of phase center along its distribution arrangement, and when phase center number is more than or equal to 3, by observing matrix, observation area three-dimensional scenic and echoed signal is expressed as ill-posedness equation solution, is specifically expressed as:
Y=ΦH
Wherein, Y is the matrix form of the echoed signal Y in step B after compensating and correcting, Φ is the observing matrix determined by target and radar geometric relationship, and H divides the matrix form after 3D grid to observation area three-dimensional scenic, and grid cell size is suitable with dimensional resolution.Observing matrix constructs according to echo acquirement mode, is specifically expressed as:
Φ = 1 R 2 · A T · A R · H n · P ( t - t d ) · exp { - j 4 πR λ }
Wherein, for the range attenuation factor, A tfor the antenna radiation pattern at transmitter, phase center, A rfor the antenna radiation pattern at receiving phase center, H nfor the scattering coefficient of observation area scene objects, P (t) for transmitting, t dfor scene objects receive-after-transmit time delay.
Step D: after completing steps C, directly can obtain observation area three-dimensional microwave dispersion image, also observation area scene 3-dimensional digital surface model (DSM can be extracted from three-dimensional microwave dispersion image, and observation area scene orthogonal projection microwave imagery DigitalSurfaceModel), wherein namely observation area scene 3-dimensional digital surface model is the three-dimensional coordinate of target in the three-dimensional microwave dispersion image of observation area, and scene orthogonal projection microwave imagery in observation area can be obtained do orthogonal projection along the horizontal plane by three-dimensional microwave dispersion image.So far, the present embodiment is introduced complete, and those of ordinary skill in the art can replace it with knowing simply.
Above-described specific embodiment; object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; be understood that; the foregoing is only specific embodiments of the invention; be not limited to the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment made, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1., based on a microwave three-D imaging method for leggy central observation constrained optimization, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Steps A: imaging is carried out to target by leggy center, and pre-service is carried out to the target echo signal received after imaging;
Step B: range attenuation compensation factors and antenna radiation pattern correction process are carried out to pretreated echoed signal;
Step C: adopt observational constraints optimization method to process described compensation and the echoed signal after correcting;
Step D: extract observation area three-dimensional microwave dispersion image, observation area scene 3-dimensional digital surface model or observation area scene orthogonal projection microwave imagery from the result of step C;
Wherein, step C specifically comprises:
Step C1: when described heterogeneous centrical phase center number is 2, using one of them phase center as reference phase center, to the echoed signal phase difference process compensated described in two phase centers and after correction, and solve observation area scene digital surface model;
Step C2: when arbitrary neighborhood phase center sampling interval meets wherein, λ is the wavelength that transmits, and θ is the beam angle of phase center along its distribution arrangement; And phase center number is when being more than or equal to 3, described compensation and the echoed signal after correcting is carried out three-dimensional coherent accumulation to leggy center and wave traveling sampling, observation area three-dimensional microwave image can be obtained; And
Step C3: when arbitrary neighborhood phase center sampling interval does not meet time, and when phase center number is more than or equal to 3, by observing matrix, the echoed signal after observation area three-dimensional scenic and described compensation and correction is expressed as ill-posedness equation.
2. the method for claim 1, wherein leggy center is the center, spatial polyphase position that formed by many physical antennas or is moved the time leggy center formed by certain hour by single or multiple antenna in described steps A.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, wherein, for center, spatial polyphase position, described pre-service comprises and compensates range error between multiple physical antenna and phase error.
4. method as claimed in claim 2, wherein, for time leggy center, described pre-service comprises the position compensating antenna, the Doppler shift error that between attitude error and antenna, in transmitting-receiving process, Platform movement brings;
For the leggy center that single or multiple antenna is formed by certain hour motion, before imaging processing, need the Doppler shift error that between the position of compensation antenna, attitude error and antenna, in transmitting-receiving process, Platform movement brings.
5. the method for claim 1, wherein range attenuation compensation factors is carried out to echoed signal in step B and antenna radiation pattern correction process is shown below:
Wherein, for pretreated echoed signal, Y is the echoed signal after range attenuation compensation factors and antenna radiation pattern correct, for the range attenuation factor, A tfor the antenna radiation pattern at transmitter, phase center, A rfor the antenna radiation pattern at receiving phase center, H nfor the scattering coefficient of observation area scene objects, P (t) for transmitting, t dfor scene objects receive-after-transmit time delay, ζ is the error existed in echoed signal, and n is scene objects, and S is whole observation area three-dimensional scenic, and λ is the wavelength that transmits, and R is the distance of target in phase center to scene.
6. method as claimed in claim 5, wherein, the error ζ existed in echoed signal at center, spatial polyphase position interval scale amplitude phase error, the Doppler shift error that between time leggy center interval scale aerial position, attitude error and antenna, in transmitting-receiving process, Platform movement brings.
7. the method for claim 1, wherein the scene digital surface model of observation area described in step C2 represents as follows:
Wherein, H is that antenna arrives scene surface elevation, and r is the oblique distance of fixed phase center to target, and α is aperture and the horizontal plane angle of two phase place center formation, and λ is the wavelength that transmits, for the phase differential after the process of two-phase centrical echoed signal phase difference, L is the sampling interval between two phase place center.
8. the method for claim 1, wherein observation area three-dimensional microwave image obtains as follows in step C3:
H n＝∫ x∫ y∫ tYd td xd y
Wherein, Y is pretreated target echo signal, and x, y, z is observation area rectangular coordinate system three coordinate directions.
9. the method for claim 1, wherein solving equation is as follows in step C3:
Y＝ΦH
Wherein, Y is the matrix form of the echoed signal Y in step B after compensating and correcting, Φ is the observing matrix determined by target and radar geometric relationship, and H divides the matrix form after 3D grid to observation area three-dimensional scenic, and grid cell size is suitable with dimensional resolution; Observing matrix is expressed as:
Φ = 1 R 2 · A T · A R · H n · P ( t - t d ) · exp { - j 4 π R λ }
Wherein, for the range attenuation factor, A tfor the antenna radiation pattern at transmitter, phase center, A rfor the antenna radiation pattern at receiving phase center, H nfor the scattering coefficient of observation area scene objects, P (t) for transmitting, t dfor scene objects receive-after-transmit time delay.
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