CN103616299A - Test piece and method for testing fracture toughness of hybrid mode of double-material interface - Google Patents
Test piece and method for testing fracture toughness of hybrid mode of double-material interface Download PDFInfo
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- CN103616299A CN103616299A CN201310673475.2A CN201310673475A CN103616299A CN 103616299 A CN103616299 A CN 103616299A CN 201310673475 A CN201310673475 A CN 201310673475A CN 103616299 A CN103616299 A CN 103616299A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test piece for testing the fracture toughness of a double-material interface in a hybrid mode. The test piece comprises a cuboid, wherein the cuboid consists of two first material blocks and a second material block which are combined closely in common; the two first material blocks are respectively and closely arranged at the two sides of the second material block, the closely-combined surface between one first material block and the second material block is vertical to the horizontal surface, and an included angle is formed between the closely-combined surface of the other first material block and the second material block and the horizontal surface; the combined surface forming the included angle with the horizontal surface is provided with prefabricated cracks. The invention also discloses a manufacturing method of the test piece and a test method simultaneously. The test piece and the manufacturing and testing methods disclosed by the invention have the advantages that the three-point bending test piece with a double-material inclined notch is used for testing the fracture toughness of the hybrid-mode interface, the geometrical shape of the test piece is simple, and a fracture toughness value in the range of 0-90 degrees can be obtained by adopting a three-point bending method on a common material testing machine, so that the test piece is especially suitable for fragile materials.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of test test specimen and method of testing, especially a kind of test specimen and method of testing for the test of double-material interface hybrid mode fracture toughness.
Background technology
Along with the commercial Application of the advanced materials such as types of functionality material, compound substance, bond material increases gradually, the interface mechanics behavior being comprised of different materials is more and more subject to people's attention.The joint portion of various types of materials and structure, as combination interface of metal/ceramic combination interface, dissimilar metal combination interface, function element and bearing carrier etc. has very important impact to the mechanical behavior of material or structural entity.Because near interface easily exists defect or produces stress, concentrate, bond material easily junction or near first destroy.Therefore, the intensity of bond material and life-span are depended on intensity and the life characteristic at interface to a great extent.
Similar with homogeneous material crackle, the cracking of Interface Crack is also divided into three types, i.e. opening mode (I type), slide type (II type) and tearing mode (III type).The deformation state of crackle is obtained by these three kinds of citation form stacks.The fracture critical stress intensity factors corresponding with crackle form be called as respectively I type (
k 1), II type (
k 2) and III type (
k 3) fracture toughness.The normally I-II type hybrid mode fracture of interfacial fracture in Practical Project, the mixability of mode is used phasing degree
ψrepresent,
ψ=
arctan (
k 2 / K 1).Therefore quantitative evaluation interface bond strength must intactly be measured fracture toughness under I type, II type and I-II type hybrid mode exactly.
The test specimen type that has at present multiple measurement interfacial fracture toughness, the most frequently used have asymmetric three point bending specimen, monolateral otch four-point bending test specimen, asymmetric four-point bending test specimen, Brazilian disc test specimen, limit crackle bar shaped test specimen etc., but these test specimens all cut both ways.Asymmetric three point bending specimen and monolateral otch four-point bending test specimen geometric shape are simple, but can only measure the fracture toughness under hybrid mode among a small circle; The making of asymmetric four-point bending test specimen is also comparatively simple, but need to make special-purpose charger; The application of Brazilian disc test specimen is very extensive, but comparison is difficult for some hard brittle material; Limit crackle bar shaped test specimen is not suitable for the hard brittle material that some fracture toughnesses are lower.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for overcoming above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of test specimen and method of testing for the test of double-material interface hybrid mode fracture toughness is provided.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
A kind of test specimen for the test of double-material interface hybrid mode fracture toughness, comprise by two the first material blocks and the second material block and combine closely and jointly form a rectangular parallelepiped, two the first material blocks are closely arranged at respectively the both sides of the second material block, and wherein the first material block and the second material block are combined closely face perpendicular to surface level, another piece the first material block and the second material block are combined closely and are had angle between face and surface level, and between surface level, have on the faying face of angle and be provided with precrack.
The bottom of described two the first material blocks is respectively provided with a support rollers being parallel to each other.
The top of described the second material block is provided with one and loads roller.
Described loading rod and surface level between have the faying face of angle and test specimen bottom surface intersection directly over.
Described two support rollers are symmetrical about loading rod on test specimen length direction.
Test specimen for the test of double-material interface hybrid mode fracture toughness is made and a method of testing, comprising:
1), according to the character tentative calculation of measured material, obtain suitable test specimen parameter;
2) according to the test specimen parameter calculating, make test specimen;
3) carry out three-point bending loading;
4) stress intensity factor and the energy release rate of crack tip while calculating fracture.
Step 1) detailed process is: 1. determine span, height of specimen, crack length, specimen width and the bi-material lengthwise dimension that three-point bending loads; 2. determine the tilt angle varied scope of the angle of inclination faying face; 3. with finite element method, calculate phasing degree, set up the corresponding relation at pitch angle and crack tip phasing degree, calculate the scope that can make the faying face pitch angle that phasing degree changes between 0 ~ 90 °; Within the scope of this, select 5 ~ 9 pitch angle to produce 5 ~ 9 phasing degree, corresponding each pitch angle makes 5 ~ 10 test specimens.The Finite Element at phasing degree adopts displacement extrapolation techniques, stress extrapolation method or mutual integral method.
The span that described three-point bending loads is selected 20mm or 30mm according to the difference of three-point bending GB regulation and material for test.
Step 2) detailed process is: the angle at corresponding each pitch angle is made 5 ~ 10 test specimens, prefabricated initial crack on the faying face tilting.
Step 3) detailed process is: in Material Testing Machine, each test specimen carried out respectively to three point bending test, with the speed of setting, loads, until test specimen fracture, and record load-displacement curves.
Step 4) detailed process is: stress intensity factor and the energy release rate of crack tip while calculating fracture with finite element method; The crushing load of each test specimen is added respectively in the finite element model of above-mentioned foundation, by step 1) described in displacement extrapolation techniques, stress extrapolation method or mutual integral method calculating stress strength factor
k 1,
k 2, with virtual crack closure methods or J integral method calculating energy release rate
g.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, two material angular cut three point bending specimens in the present invention are for test mixing mode interfacial fracture toughness, test specimen geometric configuration is simple, in common Material Testing Machine, by three-point bending method, load and can obtain the Fracture Toughness within the scope of 0 ~ 90 °, be particularly suitable for hard brittle material.Test sample in employing the present invention can obtain the hybrid mode Fracture Toughness of double-material interface easily, for interface quality evaluation and interface or whole mechanical behavior research provide a kind of effective way, for the optimal design of material or performance design and exploitation, structure, there is very important meaning.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 tests the geometric configuration of test specimen and the location drawing of three-point bending fixture in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is
a=0.5
w,
l/
wwhile getting different numerical value,
ψwith
θthe change curve of value.
Fig. 3 is
l=w,
a/
wwhile getting different numerical value,
ψwith
θthe change curve of value.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.
The present invention proposes a kind of pair of material angular cut three point bending specimen for test mixing mode interfacial fracture toughness.The geometric configuration of test specimen as shown in Figure 1.The rectangular parallelepiped that test specimen is comprised of material 1 and material 2, the right faying face of bi-material is vertical plane, left faying face horizontal by
θangle, crackle is positioned on material 1 and the left faying face of material 2.Rectangular parallelepiped top arranges loading roller, and below arranges two support rollers, load rod and be positioned at directly over left side faying face and rectangular parallelepiped bottom intersection, two support rollers on test specimen length direction about loading rod symmetry.Distance between two support rollers is
l, the length of right side material 1 in Fig. 1, rectangular parallelepiped left end is with the centre distance example that loads roller
l 1.
l 2for the distance between two faying faces in rectangular parallelepiped bottom.
Concrete specimen Design and testing procedure are as follows:
1) according to the character of measured material, carry out tentative calculation, obtain suitable test specimen parameter.
1. determine the span that three-point bending loads, generally according to the difference of three-point bending GB regulation and material for test, select 20mm or 30mm.
2. set up test specimen finite element model, by displacement extrapolation techniques, stress extrapolation method or mutual integral method etc., calculate phasing degree
ψ, obtain
l/
w,
a/
wdifferent values to phasing degree
ψimpact, and determine height of specimen in conjunction with actual conditions
w, crack length
a.By a large amount of tentative calculations, recommend
l/
w=0.8 ~ 1.2, crack length
a/
w=0.4 ~ 0.6.Recommend
l 1with
l 2span be
l 1/
w=1 ~ 1.5,
l 2be 1 ~ 4mm.Recommend specimen width
bspan be 4 ~ 10mm.
The displacement extrapolation techniques of take calculates phasing degree process as example to above-mentioned finite element method and is described in detail.Set up the finite element model identical with test specimen geometric shape, load Arbitrary Loads value, carry out Finite Element Static Analysis, obtain the numerical solution of 5 ~ 10 pairs of nodal displacements after crack tip, and substitution following formula calculates the stress intensity factor of each node:
(1)
Wherein,
μ i for the modulus of shearing of material (
i=1,2 represent respectively material 1 and material 2, lower same),
μ i =
e i / 2 (1+
ν i );
κ i for the parameter relevant to material character,
κ i =3-4
ν i ;
εfor blocking factor,
ε=(1/2
π) ln[(1-
β)/(1+
β)], in formula
β=[
μ 1(
κ 2-1)-
μ 2(
κ 1-1)]/[
μ 1(
κ 2+ 1)+
μ 2(
κ 1+ 1)];
e i with
ν i be respectively elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio of material;
d x with
d y represent respectively material on interface 1 and material 2 respective point
x,
ydirection displacement poor;
rfor the distance of institute's computing node to crack tip.
Adopt least square method to carry out the stress intensity factor solution that linear extrapolation can calculate crack tip
k 1,
k 2.Obtain crack tip
k 1,
k 2just can obtain phasing degree according to following formula afterwards
ψ:
(4)
3. use above-mentioned finite element model calculation testing piece
θangle and phasing degree
ψrelation, draw and can make phasing degree
ψthe interface level angle changing between 0 ~ 90 °
θscope.Within the scope of this, according to test, need to select 5 ~ 9
θvalue.
2) according to the test specimen parameter calculating, make test specimen.
To each
θangle makes 5 ~ 10 test specimens.Before material 1,2 combinations, in Fig. 1, cracks placement does not form initial crack with the thin slice (suggest thickness is below 0.05mm) that bi-material reacts, or with diamond saw blade, makes precrack after bi-material combination.
3) carry out three-point bending loading.
In Material Testing Machine, each test specimen is carried out respectively to three point bending test, with the speed loading of 0.05mm/min, until test specimen fracture, and record load-displacement curves.
4) stress intensity factor and the energy release rate of crack tip while calculating fracture.
Stress intensity factor and the energy release rate of crack tip while calculating fracture with finite element method or additive method.The crushing load of each test specimen is added respectively in the finite element model of above-mentioned foundation, by step 1) described in the calculating stress strength factor such as displacement extrapolation techniques, stress extrapolation method or mutual integral method
k 1,
k 2, with virtual crack closure methods or J integral method calculating energy release rate
g.Because virtual crack closure methods, J integral method are the ripe method that solves energy release rate, therefore repeat no more.
Embodiment
Material 1 and material 2 are two kinds of different stupaliths, with the mode combination of sintering.The Young modulus of material 1 is 210GPa, and Poisson ratio is 0.31, and the Young modulus of material 2 is 70GPa, and Poisson ratio is 0.27.
1) with reference to GB and test specimen character, choose span
l=20mm,
l 2=2mm.Then by displacement extrapolation techniques, carry out tentative calculation,
l/
wwhile getting different numerical value,
ψwith
θthe variation of value is as shown in Figure 2, visible,
l/
wnumerical value larger, reach 90 ° of minimums that phasing degree is required
θbe worth less;
a/
wwhile getting different numerical value,
ψwith
θvalue variation as shown in Figure 3,
a/
wnumerical value larger, reach 90 ° of minimums that phasing degree is required
θbe worth larger.Due to
θbe worth large test specimen and more easily process, so pass through alternative
l/
w=1,
a/
w=0.5,
w=20mm,
a=10mm, and select
l 1/
w=1,
l 1=20mm.Last calculation testing piece
θthe relation at angle and phasing degree, by calculating,
θwhile getting 49 °, 53 °, 58 °, 63 °, 70 °, 78 °, 86 °, correspond respectively to following phasing degree value: 90 °, 74 °, 58 °, 44 °, 29 °, 14 °, 0 °.
2) according to 7
θvalue is divided into 7 groups by test specimen, makes 5 test specimens for every group.With reference to Fig. 1, first produce the material 1 of both sides, then, at cracks spraying boron nitride coating, last just material 2 is with mode and material 1 combination of sintering.
3) in Material Testing Machine, each test specimen is carried out to three-point bending loading until fracture obtains maximum breaking load.
4) by crushing load substitution finite element model, can obtain stress intensity factor
k 1,
k 2and energy release rate
g.
Although above-mentioned, by reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described; but be not limiting the scope of the invention; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various modifications that creative work can make or distortion still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the test specimen for double-material interface hybrid mode fracture toughness test, it is characterized in that, comprise by two the first material blocks and the second material block and combine closely and jointly form a rectangular parallelepiped, two the first material blocks are closely arranged at respectively the both sides of the second material block, and wherein the first material block and the second material block are combined closely face perpendicular to surface level, another piece the first material block and the second material block are combined closely and are had angle between face and surface level, and between surface level, have on the faying face of angle and be provided with precrack.
2. test specimen according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the bottom of described two the first material blocks is respectively provided with a support rollers being parallel to each other.
3. test specimen according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the top of described the second material block is provided with one and loads roller.
4. test specimen according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described loading rod and surface level between have the faying face of angle and test specimen bottom surface intersection directly over, described two support rollers are symmetrical about loading rod on test specimen length direction.
5. for the test specimen of double-material interface hybrid mode fracture toughness test, make and a method of testing, it is characterized in that, comprising:
1), according to the character tentative calculation of measured material, obtain suitable test specimen parameter;
2) according to the test specimen parameter calculating, make test specimen;
3) carry out three-point bending loading;
4) stress intensity factor and the energy release rate of crack tip while calculating fracture.
6. method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that step 1) detailed process be: 1. determine span, height of specimen, crack length, specimen width and bi-material lengthwise dimension that three-point bending loads; 2. determine the tilt angle varied scope of the angle of inclination faying face; 3. with finite element method, calculate phasing degree, set up the corresponding relation at pitch angle and crack tip phasing degree, calculate the scope that can make the faying face pitch angle that phasing degree changes between 0 ~ 90 °; Within the scope of this, select 5 ~ 9 pitch angle to produce 5 ~ 9 phasing degree, corresponding each pitch angle makes 5 ~ 10 test specimens; The Finite Element at phasing degree adopts displacement extrapolation techniques, stress extrapolation method or mutual integral method.
7. method as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, the span that described three-point bending loads is selected 20mm or 30mm according to the difference of three-point bending GB regulation and material for test.
8. method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that step 2) detailed process be: the angle at corresponding each pitch angle is made 5 ~ 10 test specimens, prefabricated initial crack on the faying face tilting.
9. method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that step 3) detailed process be: in Material Testing Machine, each test specimen is carried out respectively to three point bending test, with the speed set, loads, until test specimen fracture, and record load-displacement curves.
10. method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that step 4) detailed process be: stress intensity factor and the energy release rate of crack tip while calculating fracture with finite element method; The crushing load of each test specimen is added respectively in the finite element model of above-mentioned foundation, by step 1) described in displacement extrapolation techniques, stress extrapolation method or mutual integral method calculating stress strength factor
k 1,
k 2, with virtual crack closure methods or J integral method calculating energy release rate
g.
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| CN104406863A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-03-11 | 清华大学苏州汽车研究院（相城） | Three-point bending test device and test method for high-speed tensile test machine |
| CN104568605A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-29 | 国际竹藤中心 | Method for testing fracture toughness of rattan canes based on three-point bending mode |
| CN105043849A (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2015-11-11 | 四川大学 | Deep beam test piece for rock I-II composite fracture toughness test and composite fracture toughness test method |
| CN105181480A (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2015-12-23 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞机设计研究所 | Method for multi-point bending measurement of composite material out-of-plane stiffness |
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| CN111488703A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2020-08-04 | 西南石油大学 | Method for simulating fracture toughness of layered rock based on expanded finite element |
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| CN105043849A (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2015-11-11 | 四川大学 | Deep beam test piece for rock I-II composite fracture toughness test and composite fracture toughness test method |
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| CN108519276A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-09-11 | 河南工业大学 | Bridge deck pavement is bubbled the measurement method of interfacial fracture toughness |
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| CN109269890B (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2023-08-04 | 北京金隅砂浆有限公司 | Method for testing crack resistance of plastering layer of external heat insulation system |
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| CN109781548B (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2021-04-20 | 四川大学 | Method for testing rock composite fracture toughness based on NDB (NDB) sample by asymmetric three-point bending loading |
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| CN117347187B (en) * | 2023-12-05 | 2024-03-19 | 广东众志检测仪器有限公司 | Photovoltaic cell panel bending strength detection device and detection method |
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