CN103616295A - Testing device and testing method for mechanical parameters of non-standard rock test piece - Google Patents
Testing device and testing method for mechanical parameters of non-standard rock test piece Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种非标准岩石试件力学参数测试装置及测试方法，它包括用于加荷的液压式压力试验机和与压力试验机配套使用的试件夹持装置以及上、下加荷锥；试件夹持装置结构是：在液压式压力试验机的液压油缸柱头的中心轴上设有高度能调的垫柱，垫柱上设有垫板；垫板两端对称设有能上下调节的左、右纵向杆；在左、右纵向杆上的对称位置分别设有能水平推拉的横向杆，两根横向杆的内端头分别设有弧形的弹性夹持垫，要求两个夹持垫的弧形对应。本发明利用压力试验机和具有径向夹持功能的夹持装置可以在室内对现场采取的试样直接进行岩石力学性质试验，显著提高了试验结果的准确性，也不会发生伤人事故，达到安全测试的目的。
The invention discloses a non-standard rock test piece mechanical parameter testing device and testing method, which includes a hydraulic pressure testing machine for loading, a test piece clamping device used in conjunction with the pressure testing machine, and upper and lower loading Cone; the structure of the specimen clamping device is: a height-adjustable pad column is provided on the central axis of the hydraulic cylinder head of the hydraulic pressure testing machine, and a backing plate is provided on the pad column; Adjustable left and right longitudinal rods; the symmetrical positions on the left and right longitudinal rods are respectively equipped with transverse rods that can be pushed and pulled horizontally, and the inner ends of the two transverse rods are respectively equipped with arc-shaped elastic clamping pads, requiring two The arc of the clamping pad corresponds. The present invention utilizes a pressure testing machine and a clamping device with a radial clamping function to directly perform rock mechanical property tests on samples taken at the site indoors, which significantly improves the accuracy of test results and does not cause injury accidents. To achieve the purpose of security testing.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种岩石试件力学参数的测试装置及测试方法，尤其是非标准岩石试件力学参数的测试装置及测试方法。The invention relates to a test device and a test method for the mechanical parameters of a rock test piece, in particular to a test device and a test method for the mechanical parameters of a non-standard rock test piece.
背景技术Background technique
在地质、矿山、水电、土木和交通等工程建设中，往往需要对现场的岩体进行取样，在实验室内对岩样进行试验测试，获取岩石的基本物理力学参数，从而为岩体工程稳定性分析及支护设计提供可靠的基础数据。In engineering construction such as geology, mining, hydropower, civil engineering and transportation, it is often necessary to sample the rock mass on site, conduct experiments on the rock samples in the laboratory, and obtain the basic physical and mechanical parameters of the rock, so as to stabilize the rock mass engineering. Provide reliable basic data for performance analysis and support design.
目前在室内广泛开展的是标准形状的岩石试件力学试验，按着中华人民共和国《工程岩体试验方法标准》（GB/T50266-99）的要求，标准试件是指规则的圆柱体或长方体，其直径或边长为48mm～52mm，高度为直径的2倍。为了满足试验机承压板与岩石试件的面接触条件，对岩石试件的两个端面加工精度要求极高，不平整度不得大于0.05mm。At present, the mechanical tests of rock specimens with standard shapes are widely carried out indoors. According to the requirements of the "Engineering Rock Mass Test Method Standard" (GB/T50266-99) of the People's Republic of China, standard specimens refer to regular cylinders or cuboids. , its diameter or side length is 48 mm to 52 mm, and its height is twice the diameter. In order to meet the surface contact conditions between the pressure plate of the testing machine and the rock specimen, the machining accuracy of the two end faces of the rock specimen is extremely high, and the unevenness shall not be greater than 0.05mm.
近年来，随着机械及电子行业的进步，岩石力学试验设备性能越来越优良，可以完成岩石的多种物理力学性能指标测试，并能够达到较高的测试精准度。但作为试验对象的岩石标准试件制备一直存在着诸多困难，其中有岩样加工设备及取样方法方面的不足，但更多的是岩石本身存在节理裂隙或岩质软弱等情况，使得现场钻取的岩心较短、孔径较粗，无法满足实验室内二次加工成标准试件的尺寸。此外，如易风化、怕扰动、弱胶结类的泥岩等，在室内对岩样进行二次加工制备过程中，由于钻、切、磨等加工环节的扰动，难免对试件造成不同程度的损伤破坏，室内加工成型的标准试件尽管在形状尺寸上满足了要求，但却与岩石的天然状态差别较大，其测试结果难以反映出真实的岩石力学性能。In recent years, with the advancement of the mechanical and electronic industries, the performance of rock mechanics test equipment has become more and more excellent, which can complete various physical and mechanical performance indicators of rocks and achieve high test accuracy. However, there have always been many difficulties in the preparation of rock standard specimens as the test object. Among them, there are insufficient rock sample processing equipment and sampling methods. The cores are shorter and the pore diameter is thicker, which cannot meet the size of the standard specimen after secondary processing in the laboratory. In addition, such as mudstone that is easy to weather, afraid of disturbance, and weakly cemented, etc., during the secondary processing and preparation of rock samples indoors, due to the disturbance of drilling, cutting, grinding and other processing links, it is inevitable to cause different degrees of damage to the specimen Although the shape and size of the standard specimens processed and formed in the laboratory meet the requirements, they are quite different from the natural state of the rock, and the test results cannot reflect the real rock mechanical properties.
综合考虑目前室内岩石力学试验状况及标准试件制备的问题，开发一种对现场取样的岩石直接进行测试的试验装置及试验方法，获取岩石的基本力学参数，以解决工程取样中的短岩心、大直径或者难于二次加工等情况下的非标准岩石试件的试验测试问题。Considering the current state of laboratory rock mechanics tests and the preparation of standard specimens, a test device and test method for direct testing of rocks sampled in the field were developed to obtain the basic mechanical parameters of rocks, so as to solve the problem of short cores, Experimental testing of non-standard rock specimens with large diameters or difficult secondary processing.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了满足在实验室测试岩石力学参数的需求，本发明提供一种操作简单、使用安全的非标准岩石试件力学参数测试装置，这种测试装置降低了对试件形状尺寸的限制程度，同时通过与电液伺服压力试验机平台连接，可实现对非标准岩石试件进行多种方案的加载控制，并可采用计算机自动记录试验曲线与数据。In order to meet the needs of testing rock mechanical parameters in the laboratory, the present invention provides a non-standard rock test piece mechanical parameter test device that is simple to operate and safe to use. This test device reduces the restriction on the shape and size of the test piece and simultaneously Connected with the electro-hydraulic servo pressure testing machine platform, it can realize the loading control of various schemes for non-standard rock specimens, and can use the computer to automatically record the test curve and data.
本发明同时提供这种测试装置的测试方法。The invention also provides a testing method for the testing device.
本发明采取的技术方案是：The technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
一种非标准岩石试件力学参数测试装置，它包括用于加荷的液压式压力试验机，所述的液压式压力试验机它是由机架主体、液压油缸、传力柱、设在传力柱上的压力传感器、伺服加载系统和计算机组成，其特征在于，在液压式压力试验机的加载面设有上、下加荷锥，此外还包括一个试件夹持装置。A testing device for mechanical parameters of a non-standard rock test piece, which includes a hydraulic pressure testing machine for loading. The hydraulic pressure testing machine is composed of a frame main body, a hydraulic cylinder, a force transmission column, and a It consists of a pressure sensor on the force column, a servo loading system and a computer. It is characterized in that upper and lower loading cones are arranged on the loading surface of the hydraulic pressure testing machine, and a specimen clamping device is also included.
所述的试件夹持装置结构是：在液压式压力试验机的液压油缸柱头的中心轴上设有高度可调的垫柱，垫柱上设有垫板；垫板两端对称设有可上下调节的左、右纵向杆；在左、右纵向杆上的对称位置分别设有可水平推拉的横向杆，两根横向杆的内端头分别设有单面为弧形凹陷的弹性夹持垫，要求两个夹持垫的弧形凹陷方向相同。The structure of the specimen clamping device is as follows: a height-adjustable backing column is arranged on the central axis of the hydraulic oil cylinder head of the hydraulic pressure testing machine, and a backing plate is arranged on the backing post; The left and right longitudinal rods can be adjusted up and down; the symmetrical positions on the left and right longitudinal rods are respectively equipped with transverse rods that can be pushed and pulled horizontally, and the inner ends of the two transverse rods are respectively equipped with elastic clamps with a single arc-shaped depression Pads, it is required that the arc-shaped depressions of the two clamping pads have the same direction.
所述的垫柱整体由多个柱形块体组成，便于通过加减柱形块体来调节下加荷锥的高度，能够满足不同尺寸试件试验的需要，柱形块体之间使用螺纹杆连接；整个垫柱的上端面和下端面的中心位置都设有螺纹孔，上端面的螺纹孔可以使用相应的螺纹杆配合与垫板连接，下端面的螺纹孔，可以使用螺纹杆将垫柱与油缸柱头连接；The pad column as a whole is composed of a plurality of cylindrical blocks, which is convenient to adjust the height of the lower loading cone by adding and subtracting the cylindrical blocks, and can meet the needs of different size test pieces. Threads are used between the cylindrical blocks. Rod connection; threaded holes are provided at the center of the upper and lower end faces of the entire backing column, and the threaded holes on the upper end face can be connected with the backing plate using corresponding threaded rods, and the threaded holes on the lower end face can be used to connect the pads The column is connected with the column head of the oil cylinder;
所述的垫板为具有一定厚度的狭长钢板，垫板中心位置设有一个螺纹孔，可以使用螺纹杆把垫板和下加荷锥连接；垫板两端有两个对称的竖直方向圆形通孔，可以配合纵向杆的插入和上下调节，要求垫板上两端圆形通孔的间距大于垫柱的直径，便于纵向杆的上下调节；垫板两侧面各有一个水平方向螺纹孔，可以安装水平方向固定螺母，通过旋紧水平方向固定螺母起到固定纵向杆的作用。The backing plate is a long and narrow steel plate with a certain thickness. There is a threaded hole in the center of the backing plate, and the backing plate and the lower loading cone can be connected by threaded rods; there are two symmetrical vertical circles at both ends of the backing plate. Shaped through holes, which can cooperate with the insertion and up and down adjustment of the longitudinal rod. It is required that the distance between the circular through holes at both ends of the backing plate is greater than the diameter of the backing post, so as to facilitate the up and down adjustment of the longitudinal rod; there is a horizontal threaded hole on each side of the backing plate , the horizontal direction fixing nut can be installed, and the effect of fixing the longitudinal rod can be achieved by tightening the horizontal direction fixing nut.
所述的左、右纵向杆断面均为圆柱形，用于配合插入垫板两端的圆形通孔中，纵向杆上部有一个水平方向矩形通孔，用于配合横向杆的插入与调节；在纵向杆上端面有竖直方向固定螺母，通过调节竖直方向固定螺母来固定横向杆；纵向杆上标有刻度，调节纵向杆时便于标定试件支撑高度。The sections of the left and right longitudinal rods are both cylindrical, and are used to be inserted into the circular through holes at both ends of the backing plate. There is a horizontal rectangular through hole on the upper part of the longitudinal rod, which is used to cooperate with the insertion and adjustment of the horizontal rod; There is a vertical fixing nut on the upper end of the longitudinal rod, and the horizontal rod is fixed by adjusting the vertical fixing nut; the scale is marked on the longitudinal rod, which is convenient for calibrating the support height of the test piece when adjusting the longitudinal rod.
所述的横杆断面为矩形断面，一端固定并支撑夹持垫；另一端插入纵向杆上端的矩形通孔中，横杆可在矩形通孔中实现水平推拉，以达到调节两夹持垫间距的目的；横向杆上标有刻度，可以根据试件水平方向大小，调节横向杆，达到试验要求位置，并确保夹持固定住试件。The section of the cross bar is a rectangular section, one end is fixed and supports the clamping pad; the other end is inserted into the rectangular through hole at the upper end of the longitudinal bar, and the cross bar can be pushed and pulled horizontally in the rectangular through hole to adjust the distance between the two clamping pads The purpose; the horizontal bar is marked with a scale, and the horizontal bar can be adjusted according to the horizontal size of the test piece to achieve the required position of the test, and to ensure that the test piece is clamped and fixed.
所述的夹持垫为一个单面呈弧形凹陷的块体橡胶垫，主要作用为配合夹持固定试件，并且利用橡胶材料良好的弹性，在试件崩裂过程中起到抗震防冲作用，防止试件碎片伤人或损坏仪器。The clamping pad is a block rubber pad with an arc-shaped depression on one side, the main function is to cooperate with clamping and fixing the test piece, and use the good elasticity of the rubber material to play the role of shock resistance and shock resistance during the cracking process of the test piece , to prevent the fragments of the test piece from hurting people or damaging the instrument.
所述的上加荷锥安装在液压式压力试验机的传力柱上；所述的下加荷锥设在试件夹持装置的垫板上；并使上、下加荷锥位于液压式压力试验机加载轴向上。The upper loading cone is installed on the force transmission column of the hydraulic pressure testing machine; the lower loading cone is arranged on the backing plate of the specimen holding device; and the upper and lower loading cones are located on the hydraulic pressure testing machine. The loading axis of the pressure testing machine is upward.
本发明测试装置的测试步骤如下：The testing procedure of testing device of the present invention is as follows:
第一步：组装测试装置Step 1: Assemble the test setup
依次将垫柱和垫板放到液压式压力试验机的试验台上，把垫柱固定在液压式压力试验机油缸柱头的中心位置，并将垫柱和垫板固定连接；再将上加荷锥连接到试验机的传力柱上，下加荷锥连接到垫板上，确保垫板和垫柱的中轴线与液压式压力试验机传力柱中轴线一致；将夹持装置的纵向杆插入垫板两端的圆形孔中；把带有弹性夹持垫的横向调节杆插入纵向调节杆上部的矩形通孔中；Put the backing column and the backing plate on the test bench of the hydraulic pressure testing machine in turn, fix the backing column at the center of the cylinder head of the hydraulic pressure testing machine, and connect the backing column and the backing plate; The cone is connected to the force transmission column of the testing machine, and the lower loading cone is connected to the backing plate to ensure that the central axis of the backing plate and the backing column is consistent with the central axis of the force transmission column of the hydraulic pressure testing machine; the longitudinal rod of the clamping device Insert into the circular holes at both ends of the backing plate; insert the horizontal adjustment rod with elastic clamping pad into the rectangular through hole on the upper part of the longitudinal adjustment rod;
第二步：试件的夹持The second step: clamping of the test piece
把试件放到上、下加荷锥之间，启动液压式压力试验机，使油缸柱头移动，使两加荷锥距离稍大于试件加荷点间的距离，调节纵向杆和横向杆，并配合旋紧水平方向固定螺母和垂直方向固定螺母，确保能够按照不同加载方式的要求将试件固定于两加荷锥之间。Put the test piece between the upper and lower loading cones, start the hydraulic pressure testing machine, move the head of the oil cylinder, make the distance between the two loading cones slightly larger than the distance between the loading points of the test piece, adjust the longitudinal rod and the horizontal rod, In addition, tighten the fixing nuts in the horizontal direction and the fixing nuts in the vertical direction to ensure that the specimen can be fixed between the two loading cones according to the requirements of different loading methods.
第三步；试件力学参数的测试The third step: test the mechanical parameters of the specimen
启动液压式压力试验机使油缸向上行程对试件实施压力，通过伺服加载系统控制加载速率和时间，压力传感器输出试件所受压力的信号送至计算机，上述信号经计算机处理得到试件破坏过程线，从曲线中可以得到点荷载试验的破坏荷载，经换算便可以得到岩石试件的实际强度和变形参数。Start the hydraulic pressure testing machine so that the oil cylinder moves upward to exert pressure on the test piece, and the loading rate and time are controlled by the servo loading system. The pressure sensor outputs the signal of the pressure on the test piece and sends it to the computer. The above signal is processed by the computer to obtain the destruction process of the test piece. The failure load of the point load test can be obtained from the curve, and the actual strength and deformation parameters of the rock specimen can be obtained after conversion.
本发明的优点是：The advantages of the present invention are:
一是：本发明在压力试验机的试验台和传力柱上分别设置加荷锥，可以在室内对现场采取的试样直接进行岩石力学性质试验，不用对试样进行二次加工，不但操作简单，而且显著提高了试验结果的准确性。One is: the present invention sets loading cones on the test bench and the force transmission column of the pressure testing machine respectively, and can directly carry out the rock mechanical property test on the sample taken on the spot indoors, without secondary processing of the sample, not only the operation It is simple and significantly improves the accuracy of test results.
二是：由于采用具有径向夹持功能的夹持装置，夹持试件时，试件紧紧包裹在夹持装置的弹性夹持垫中，在测试过程中，即便试件崩裂，也不会发生伤人事故，达到安全测试的目的。The second is: due to the use of a clamping device with a radial clamping function, when the specimen is clamped, the specimen is tightly wrapped in the elastic clamping pad of the clamping device. During the test, even if the specimen breaks, it will not Injury accidents will occur and the purpose of safety testing will be achieved.
三是，本发明采用压力试验机对事件进行加荷，不但避免了人工操作带来的误差，而且还可以方便控制加载速率和加载时间，从而进一步提高测试结果的准确性。Third, the present invention uses a pressure testing machine to load events, which not only avoids errors caused by manual operations, but also facilitates control of the loading rate and loading time, thereby further improving the accuracy of test results.
四是：本发明可以直接在计算机上得到试验曲线与数据，提高了测试的便利性和直观性，为试件力学性能的进一步研究提供了可靠的基础。Fourth, the present invention can directly obtain test curves and data on the computer, which improves the convenience and intuition of the test, and provides a reliable basis for further research on the mechanical properties of the test piece.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明测试装置的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the structural representation of testing device of the present invention;
图2为测试装置中加荷锥的断面示意图；Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional schematic view of loading cone in the test device;
图3为测试装置中垫板的断面示意图；Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional schematic view of the backing plate in the test device;
图4为测试装置中垫柱的断面示意图；Fig. 4 is the cross-sectional schematic diagram of pad column in the test device;
图5为测试装置中夹持装置部分构件示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of some components of the clamping device in the testing device.
图中：1（a）—上加荷锥、1（b）—下加荷锥、2—垫板、3—垫柱、4—纵向杆、5—横向杆、6—弹性夹持垫、7（a）—垂直方向固定螺母、7（b）—水平方向固定螺母、8—传力柱、9—油缸柱头、10—液压式压力试验机、11—压力传感器、12—液压油缸、13—伺服加载系统、14—计算机。In the figure: 1(a)—upper loading cone, 1(b)—lower loading cone, 2—backing plate, 3—cushion column, 4—longitudinal rod, 5—transverse rod, 6—elastic clamping pad, 7(a)—Vertical fixed nut, 7(b)—Horizontal fixed nut, 8—Force transmission column, 9—Cylinder head, 10—Hydraulic pressure testing machine, 11—Pressure sensor, 12—Hydraulic cylinder, 13 - servo loading system, 14 - computer.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图进一步说明本发明的技术方案。The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，本发明非标准岩石试件力学参数测试装置，包括用于加荷的液压式压力试验机10、试件夹持装置、上加荷锥1（a）和下加荷锥1（b），所述的液压式压力试验机10是由机架主体、液压油缸12、传力柱8、设在传力柱8上的压力传感器11、伺服加载系统13和计算机14组成，As shown in Figure 1, the non-standard rock specimen mechanical parameter testing device of the present invention includes a hydraulic pressure testing machine 10 for loading, a specimen clamping device, an upper loading cone 1 (a) and a lower loading cone 1(b), the hydraulic pressure testing machine 10 is composed of a frame main body, a hydraulic cylinder 12, a force transmission column 8, a pressure sensor 11 arranged on the force transmission column 8, a servo loading system 13 and a computer 14,
所述的试件夹持装置结构如图5所示：在压力试验机液压油缸柱头9的中心轴上设有高度可调的垫柱3，垫柱3上设有垫板2；垫板2两端对称设有可上下调节的左、右纵向杆4；在左、右纵向杆4上部的对称位置分别设有可水平推拉的横向杆5，两根横向杆5的内端头分别设有弧形的弹性夹持垫6，要求两个弹性夹持垫6的弧形对应。The structure of the specimen clamping device is shown in Figure 5: a height-adjustable backing post 3 is provided on the central axis of the hydraulic cylinder head 9 of the pressure testing machine, and a backing plate 2 is provided on the backing post 3; Both ends are symmetrically provided with left and right longitudinal rods 4 that can be adjusted up and down;
所述的垫柱3（见图4）整体由多个柱形块体组成，便于通过加减柱形块体来调节下加荷锥1（b）的高度，能够满足不同尺寸试件试验的需要，柱形块体之间使用螺纹杆连接；整个垫柱3的上端面和下端面的中心位置都设有螺纹孔，上端面的螺纹孔使用相应的螺纹杆配合与垫板连接，下端面的螺纹孔使用螺纹杆将垫柱与油缸柱头9连接；The pad column 3 (see Fig. 4) is composed of a plurality of cylindrical blocks as a whole, which is convenient for adjusting the height of the lower loading cone 1 (b) by adding or subtracting the cylindrical blocks, and can meet the requirements of test specimens of different sizes. If necessary, threaded rods are used to connect the cylindrical blocks; threaded holes are provided at the center of the upper and lower end faces of the entire backing column 3, and the threaded holes on the upper end face are connected with the backing plate using corresponding threaded rods, and the lower end face The threaded hole of the threaded rod is used to connect the pad column with the cylinder column head 9;
所述的垫板2（见图3）为具有厚度的狭长钢板，垫板2中心位置设有一个螺纹孔，使用螺纹杆把垫板2和下加荷锥1（b）连接；垫板2两端有两个对称的竖直方向圆形通孔，用于配合纵向杆4的插入和上下调节，要求垫板2上两端圆形通孔的间距大于垫柱3的直径，便于纵向杆4的上下调节；垫板2两侧面各有一个水平方向螺纹孔，用于安装水平方向固定螺母7（b），通过旋紧水平方向固定螺母7（b）起到固定纵向杆4的作用。The backing plate 2 (see Figure 3) is a long and narrow steel plate with a thickness. There is a threaded hole in the center of the backing plate 2, and a threaded rod is used to connect the backing plate 2 and the lower loading cone 1 (b); the backing plate 2 There are two symmetrical vertical circular through holes at both ends, which are used to cooperate with the insertion and up and down adjustment of the longitudinal rod 4. It is required that the distance between the circular through holes at both ends of the backing plate 2 is greater than the diameter of the backing column 3, so that the longitudinal rod Up and down adjustment of 4; there is a horizontal threaded hole on both sides of the backing plate 2, which is used to install the horizontal fixing nut 7 (b), and the vertical rod 4 can be fixed by tightening the horizontal fixing nut 7 (b).
所述的左、右纵向杆4断面为圆柱形，用于配合插入垫板2两端的圆形通孔中，纵向杆4上部有一个水平方向矩形通孔，用于配合横向杆的插入与调节；在纵向杆4上端面有竖直方向固定螺母7（a），通过旋紧竖直方向固定螺母7（a）来固定横向杆；纵向杆4上标有刻度，用于调节纵向杆4时便于标定试件支撑高度。The sections of the left and right longitudinal rods 4 are cylindrical, and are used to fit into the circular through holes at both ends of the backing plate 2. There is a horizontal rectangular through hole on the upper part of the longitudinal rod 4, which is used to cooperate with the insertion and adjustment of the horizontal rods. There is a vertical fixing nut 7 (a) on the upper end of the longitudinal rod 4, and the horizontal rod is fixed by tightening the vertical fixing nut 7 (a); the longitudinal rod 4 is marked with a scale for adjusting the vertical rod 4 It is convenient to calibrate the support height of the specimen.
所述的横向杆5断面为矩形断面，横向杆5一端固定并支撑夹持垫6；横杆5另一端插入纵向杆4上的矩形通孔中，横向杆5在矩形通孔中实现水平推拉，以达到调节两夹持垫6间距的目的；横向杆5上标有刻度，根据试件水平方向大小，调节横向杆5，达到试验要求位置，并确保夹持固定住试件。The section of the
所述的夹持垫6为一个单面呈弧形凹陷的块体橡胶垫，主要作用为配合夹持固定试件，并且利用橡胶材料良好的弹性，在试件崩裂过程中起到抗震防冲作用，防止试件碎片伤人或损坏仪器。The clamping pad 6 is a block rubber pad with an arc-shaped depression on one side, and its main function is to cooperate with clamping and fixing the test piece, and use the good elasticity of the rubber material to play a role in shock resistance and shock resistance during the cracking process of the test piece. Function to prevent the fragments of the test piece from hurting people or damaging the instrument.
所述的上加荷锥1（a）（见图2）安装在试验机的传力柱8上；所述的下加荷锥1（b）设在试件夹持装置的垫板2上；并使上、下加荷锥位于试验机加载轴向上。The upper loading cone 1 (a) (see Figure 2) is installed on the force transmission column 8 of the testing machine; the lower loading cone 1 (b) is installed on the backing plate 2 of the specimen clamping device ; And make the upper and lower loading cones located on the loading axis of the testing machine.
本发明测试装置的测试步骤如下：The testing procedure of testing device of the present invention is as follows:
第一步：组装测试装置Step 1: Assemble the test setup
依次将垫柱3和垫板2放到液压式压力试验机10的实验台上，把垫柱3固定在液压式压力试验机油缸柱头9的中心位置，并将垫柱3和垫板2固定连接；再将上加荷锥1（a）连接到试验机的传力柱上、下加荷锥1（b）连接到垫板2上，确保垫板2和垫柱3的中轴线与试验机传力柱8中轴线一致；将夹持装置的左、右纵向杆4分别插入垫板2两端的圆形孔中；把带有弹性夹持垫6的横向调节杆5插入纵向调节杆4上部的矩形通孔中；Put the backing column 3 and the backing plate 2 on the test bench of the hydraulic pressure testing machine 10 in turn, fix the backing column 3 at the center of the cylinder head 9 of the hydraulic pressure testing machine, and fix the backing column 3 and the backing plate 2 Connection; then connect the upper loading cone 1 (a) to the force transmission column of the testing machine, and the lower loading cone 1 (b) to the backing plate 2 to ensure that the central axis of the backing plate 2 and the backing column 3 is consistent with the test The central axis of the machine force transmission column 8 is consistent; insert the left and right longitudinal rods 4 of the clamping device into the circular holes at both ends of the backing plate 2; insert the
第二步：试件的夹持The second step: clamping of the test piece
把试件放到上加荷锥1（a）和下加荷锥1（b）之间，启动液压式压力试验机10，使油缸柱头9移动，使两加荷锥距离稍大于试件加荷点间的距离，调节纵向杆4和横向杆5，并配合旋紧水平方向固定螺母7（b）和垂直方向固定螺母7（a），确保能够按照不同加载方式的要求将试件固定于两加荷锥之间；Put the test piece between the upper loading cone 1 (a) and the lower loading cone 1 (b), start the hydraulic pressure testing machine 10, and move the cylinder head 9 so that the distance between the two loading cones is slightly larger than that of the test piece. To adjust the distance between the loading points, adjust the longitudinal bar 4 and the
第三步；试件力学参数的测试The third step: test the mechanical parameters of the specimen
启动液压式压力试验机10，使油缸向上行程对试件实施压力，通过伺服加载系统13控制加载速率和时间，压力传感器11输出试件所受压力的信号送计算机，上述信号经计算机14处理得到试件破坏过程线，从曲线中可以得到点荷载试验的破坏荷载，经换算便可以得到岩石试件的实际强度和变形参数。Start the hydraulic pressure testing machine 10, make the oil cylinder move upward to exert pressure on the test piece, control the loading rate and time through the servo loading system 13, the pressure sensor 11 outputs the signal of the pressure on the test piece and send it to the computer, and the above signal is processed by the computer 14 to obtain From the failure process line of the specimen, the failure load of the point load test can be obtained from the curve, and the actual strength and deformation parameters of the rock specimen can be obtained after conversion.
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