CN103615995A - Method for lossless evaluation of thickness of thin cladding layer based on ultrasonic surface waves - Google Patents
Method for lossless evaluation of thickness of thin cladding layer based on ultrasonic surface waves Download PDFInfo
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- CN103615995A CN103615995A CN201310573756.0A CN201310573756A CN103615995A CN 103615995 A CN103615995 A CN 103615995A CN 201310573756 A CN201310573756 A CN 201310573756A CN 103615995 A CN103615995 A CN 103615995A
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- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
一种基于超声表面波的薄熔覆层厚度无损评价方法，是根据超声表面波在介质中的衰减规律建立超声表面波在激光熔覆层试样中传播距离与接收信号特征参量间关系，选择最佳传播距离作为发射探头和接收探头的间距，制备双超声表面波探头，通过保持超声表面波始波信号在时间轴上的节点固定不变，计算各厚度下激光熔覆层试样超声表面波接收信号间时间差，建立该时间差与激光熔覆层厚度间关系，拟合得到用于激光熔覆层厚度的评价公式，通过采集并计算激光熔覆层试样超声表面波信号间时间差，代入标定公式即可实现激光熔覆层厚度的无损评价，操作简单、方便和检测快速快。A non-destructive evaluation method for the thickness of thin cladding layers based on ultrasonic surface waves, which is based on the attenuation law of ultrasonic surface waves in the medium to establish the relationship between the propagation distance of ultrasonic surface waves in the laser cladding layer sample and the characteristic parameters of the received signal. The optimal propagation distance is taken as the distance between the transmitting probe and the receiving probe, and double ultrasonic surface wave probes are prepared. By keeping the nodes of the initial wave signal of the ultrasonic surface wave on the time axis fixed, the ultrasonic surface of the laser cladding layer sample under each thickness is calculated. The time difference between the wave receiving signals, the relationship between the time difference and the thickness of the laser cladding layer is established, and the evaluation formula for the thickness of the laser cladding layer is obtained by fitting. By collecting and calculating the time difference between the ultrasonic surface wave signals of the laser cladding layer sample, substitute into The calibration formula can realize the non-destructive evaluation of the thickness of the laser cladding layer, and the operation is simple, convenient and fast.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of non-destructive measuring method of thin cladding layer thickness, relates in particular to a kind of thin cladding layer thickness Nondestructive Evaluation method based on ultrasonic surface wave.
Background technology
At present, China has a large amount of wastes of iron and steel parts to carry out the recovery of material level and cause the waste of resource, the energy and the pollution of environment as scrap iron and steel every year.From resource, environment and Sustainable Socioeconomic Development, wastes of iron and steel parts are reclaimed and manufacture and process again, the coordinated development of energy-saving material-saving, environmental protection and promotion social economy and environment is significant.
The coating of preparing desired properties at waste and old surface of the work is to improve surface of the work performance and the effective ways in reenlist life-span.Laser melting and coating technique has that cladding efficiency is high, heat-affected zone is little, forms the advantages such as metallurgical binding with matrix, thereby obtains extensive concern and application in manufacture field again.Laser melting coating layer thickness is to affect laser melting coating one of the key factor of capability and performance that manufactures a product again, especially for sealing or cooperation parts, therefore, laser melting coating layer thickness is evaluated to the quality that assurance laser melting coating is manufactured a product again very important with regard to what show.At present, method for measuring thickness is mainly metallographic method, ultrasonic longitudinal wave method and electromagnetic method etc., although said method can, in the evaluation that to a certain degree realizes laser melting coating layer thickness, all exist certain problem, as metallographic method need destroy the whole usability of sample, and it is sampling Detection; Ultrasonic longitudinal wave method exists and detects blind area at specimen surface, can not realize the evaluation of thin laser cladding layer (thickness≤3.0mm) thickness; Electromagnetic method is only applicable to conduction/magnetic material, and limitation is larger.But for the parts of sealing or precision-fit, laser melting coating layer thickness is generally less, if thereby can set up the Nondestructive Evaluation method of a set of effective thin laser melting coating layer thickness, very great to improving the meaning of reliability that laser melting coating manufactures a product again and security.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiency in existing thin cladding layer Thickness Evaluation technology, a kind of Nondestructive Evaluation method based on ultrasonic surface wave is proposed, this not only can realize, and thin cladding layer thickness is quick, convenient, Nondestructive Evaluation, the security-hidden trouble of avoiding sampling Detection to bring, improve thin cladding layer Thickness Evaluation result precision, also at length provided on this basis the technical method of realizing thin cladding layer thickness Nondestructive Evaluation, the reliability and the security that for raising cladding, manufacture a product provide technical support again.
The ultrasonic surface wave evaluation of thin cladding layer thickness realizes in ultrasonic surface wave velocity of propagation Fundamentals of Measurement in laser cladding layer sample, by setting up relation between cladding layer thickness and ultrasonic surface wave velocity of propagation, realizes the Nondestructive Evaluation of cladding layer thickness.In view of the difficulty of accurate measurement ultrasonic surface wave velocity of propagation in cladding layer sample larger, thereby, the present invention turns to and calculates the change that ultrasonic surface wave characterizes velocity of propagation by the same distance mistiming used in cladding layer sample and measure, set up ultrasonic surface wave in different-thickness cladding layer sample by relation between same distance mistiming used and thickness.
This corresponding relation can obtain by following steps:
A＝a·L
b （1）
In formula (1): A: ultrasonic surface wave receives signal amplitude;
L: the propagation distance of ultrasonic surface wave in laser cladding layer sample;
A, b: the constant relevant to laser cladding layer sample character;
Obtain characterizing the relational expression of ultrasonic surface wave decay, calculate propagation distance corresponding when receiving signal amplitude and reducing to maximal value 60% as the spacing of transmitting probe and receiving transducer, the two ultrasonic surface waves probes of preparation (one one receipts).
Step 4, adopts ultrasonic surface wave detection system to detect different-thickness cladding layer standard sample, records detection signal.Define a certain ultrasonic surface wave signal and be reference signal (as: the ultrasonic surface wave signal that the thickness of usining is 0mm standard sample as with reference to signal), calculate the mistiming between each thickness cladding layer standard sample ultrasonic surface wave signal and reference signal, and as the characteristic parameter of evaluating cladding layer thickness.
Step 5, sets up relation between cladding layer thickness and characteristic parameter, adopts Polynomial curve-fit to obtain cladding layer Thickness Evaluation formula, completes the demarcation of cladding layer thickness.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is ultrasonic surface wave detection system of the present invention; Wherein, 1: ultrasonic pulse transmitting receiving instrument; 2: data acquisition equipment; 3: oscillograph; 4: analytic system; 5: two ultrasonic surface wave probes; 6: ultrasonic surface wave probe fixing device; 7: data connecting line;
Fig. 2 is the ultrasonic surface wave signal of different-thickness Fe314 laser cladding layer sample of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is mistiming and laser cladding layer thickness relationship curve between Fe314 laser cladding layer sample ultrasonic surface wave signal of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below embodiments of the invention are elaborated: the present embodiment is implemented take technical solution of the present invention under prerequisite, provided detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Selecting Fe314 laser cladding layer is that example is evaluated thin cladding layer thickness, and the process that this corresponding relation obtains is as follows:
1, adopt laser melting and coating technique and multilayer to pile up multi-track overlapping mode at 45 steel surface preparation Fe134 laser cladding layers, based on machine-tooled method, prepare thickness and (note: Fe314 laser melting coating layer thickness) be respectively 0.2,0.25,0.35,0.45,0.55 and the Fe314 laser cladding layer sample of 0.65mm.
2, the Fe314 laser cladding layer sample of each thickness is carried out to stress relief annealing, as standard sample, Fe314 laser melting coating layer thickness is demarcated.
3, change ultrasonic surface wave propagation distance, Fe314 laser cladding layer sample ultrasonic surface wave signal while gathering different propagation distance, based on signal analysis, extract and receive signal maximum amplitude, according to formula (1), obtain relation between signal amplitude and propagation distance, see formula (2), corresponding propagation distance when calculating signal amplitude and being reduced to maximal value 60%, as transmitting probe and receiving transducer spacing, preparation transmitting and the two ultrasonic surface wave probes that receive one.
A＝10159·L
-1.5124 （2）
4, the node of fixed standard sample ultrasonic surface wave beginning ripple signal on time shaft is constant, adopts ultrasonic surface wave detection system (see figure 1) to detect the standard Fe314 laser cladding layer sample of each thickness, records detection signal.Fe314 laser cladding layer sample (matrix) the ultrasonic surface wave signal that definition thickness is 0mm is reference signal, calculate mistiming Δ t between each thickness F e314 laser cladding layer sample ultrasonic surface wave signal and reference signal, and as the characteristic parameter of evaluating Fe314 laser melting coating layer thickness.
5, set up relation between Fe314 laser melting coating layer thickness and characteristic parameter (mistiming Δ t between signal), adopt Polynomial curve-fit to obtain Fe314 laser cladding layer Thickness Evaluation formula, see formula (3), complete the demarcation of thin Fe314 laser melting coating layer thickness.
Δt=-4.437×10
3h
4+6.1492×10
3h
3-2.6142×10
3h
2+0.505×10
3h-0.0002 （3）
Wherein, Δ t: mistiming between signal (ns), h:Fe314 laser melting coating layer thickness (mm).
6, adopt ultrasonic surface wave detection system (see figure 1) to gather Fe314 laser cladding layer sample ultrasonic surface wave signal, as detection signal, calculate mistiming Δ t between this detection signal and reference signal, substitution formula (3) calculates Fe314 laser melting coating layer thickness, realizes the Nondestructive Evaluation of thin Fe314 laser melting coating layer thickness.
Claims (3)
1. the thin cladding layer thickness Nondestructive Evaluation method based on ultrasonic surface wave, is characterized in that:
(1) based on laser cladding layer ultrasonic surface wave signal characteristic; select the ultrasonic surface wave of suitable centre frequency; change the propagation distance of ultrasonic surface wave in laser cladding layer sample; gather and extract the maximum amplitude that receives signal; employing formula (1) function is analyzed result, determines that best propagation distance is as the spacing of transmitting probe and receiving transducer;
A＝a·L
b （1）
In formula (1): A: ultrasonic surface wave receives signal amplitude;
L: the propagation distance of ultrasonic surface wave in laser cladding layer sample;
A, b: the constant relevant to laser cladding layer sample character;
(2) fixed transmission probe is constant with receiving transducer spacing; preparation transmitting and the two ultrasonic surface wave probes that receive one; adjusting the node of ultrasonic surface wave beginning ripple signal on time shaft immobilizes; the mistiming of usining between reception signal is as the characteristic parameter that characterizes ultrasonic surface wave velocity of propagation change amount; adopt polynomial function to carry out matching to mistiming and thickness results between laser cladding layer ultrasonic surface wave signal, obtain laser melting coating layer thickness calibration formula;
(3) measurement result is the mean value of ultrasonic surface wave spread scope inner laser cladding layer thickness.
2. a kind of thin cladding layer thickness Nondestructive Evaluation method based on ultrasonic surface wave as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that in step (1), usings when receiving signal amplitude and reducing to maximal value 60% corresponding ultrasonic surface wave propagation distance as best propagation distance.
3. a kind of thin cladding layer thickness Nondestructive Evaluation method based on ultrasonic surface wave as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that in step (2), the procurement process of the mistiming of described reception signal is as follows: each thickness laser cladding layer sample is carried out to stress relief annealing processing, and carry out rating test as standard sample, the ultrasonic surface wave signal that the thickness of usining is 0mm standard sample is as with reference to signal, using the ultrasonic surface wave signal of each thickness calibration sample as calculating signal, obtain calculating mistiming between signal and reference signal can obtain receiving mistiming of signal.
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| CN108489434A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-09-04 | 燕山大学 | It is a kind of that compound plate thickness can be achieved than the device and method that detects automatically |
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| CN113587866A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-11-02 | 西安交通大学 | Method for nondestructive measurement of thickness of thin film coating based on grating laser ultrasonic acoustic spectrum |
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| CN111473898B (en) * | 2020-04-08 | 2021-07-13 | 江苏科技大学 | A correction method for the influence of cladding layer thickness on ultrasonic evaluation of cladding layer stress |
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