CN103615808B - Solar water heater with heat collection tubes having different tube pitches - Google Patents
Solar water heater with heat collection tubes having different tube pitches Download PDFInfo
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- CN103615808B CN103615808B CN201310650273.6A CN201310650273A CN103615808B CN 103615808 B CN103615808 B CN 103615808B CN 201310650273 A CN201310650273 A CN 201310650273A CN 103615808 B CN103615808 B CN 103615808B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
Abstract
The invention provides a solar water heater which comprises a heat collector and a water tank connected with the heat collector, wherein the heat collector comprises a first reflective surface, a second reflective surface and heat collection tubes which are positioned between the first reflective surface and the second reflective surface in multiple rows, the tube pitches of a first row of heat collection tubes close to the first reflective surface are large, and the farther away from the first reflective surface is, the smaller the tube pitches of the same rows of heat collection tubes is. By arranging the heat collection tubes having different tube pitches, the solar energy can be utilized fully.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of solar energy, relate in particular to a kind of thermal-collecting tube pipe apart from different solar water heaters.
Background technology
Solar energy is as a kind of regenerative resource of cleaning, has the unrivaled non-environmental-pollution of other energy, without advantages such as potential safety hazards.Along with the growing tension of electricity consumption in all parts of the country, use gas, solar water heater is more and more subject to people's favor.Traditional solar water heater is arranged on thermal-collecting tube and water tank on the roof of building, and the heat that thermal-collecting tube absorbs the sun raises water temperature, and hot water is laid in water tank, and in the time of needs, hot water is introduced indoor, for people to use by outdoor hot-water line.In summer, because light application time is long, intensity is high, cause water temperature over-high in water tank, hot water can not directly be used, and needs to rely on hot-water line to be connected with running water pipe, is regulated the height of water temperature by mixing valve, leaving water temperature fluctuation is large like this, usually need in use repeatedly to regulate, not only bother, and greatly reduce the comfortableness of bathing.In the winter time, especially in the north, because light application time is short, intensity is little, hot water in water tank does not often reach the temperature that people need, and the now heater work in water tank is first arrived required temperature by hot water heating, it is very inconvenient when people use in the winter time thus, easily catch a cold, not only the comfortableness of bathing is poor, but also has caused the waste of water resource.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of solar water heater temperature control system that can constant-temperature effluent.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a kind of Based Intelligent Control solar water heater with auxiliary heating function, comprise central controller, heat collector and the water tank being connected with heat collector, the water inlet of heat collector is communicated with external water source by pipeline, and described heat collector comprises: temperature sensor, optical sensor, flowmeter, flow controller; Described temperature sensor is two, is separately positioned on water inlet and the delivery port of heat collector, for measuring the temperature of the water inlet of heat collector and the water of delivery port; Optical sensor is arranged on the endothermic section of heat collector, for detection of sun light intensity; Flowmeter is arranged in the connecting pipe of water inlet and external water source, for measuring the flow of the water that enters heat collector; Flow controller is arranged in the connecting pipe of water inlet and external water source, for controlling the flow of the water that enters heat collector; Between described temperature sensor, optical sensor, flowmeter, flow controller and described central controller, communication is connected; Described central controller comprises the first regulon, described the first regulon is according to the measured value of temperature sensor, optical sensor and flowmeter, produce the conditioning signal of controlling described flow controller, to change the flow of the water that flows into described heat collector, the fluid temperature (F.T.) in described heat collector is remained unchanged;
Described water tank comprises: inner water tank, electric heater, water inlet pipe, hot water outlet pipe, temperature sensor, water level controller, flow controller, flow sensor; Described inner bag includes four-layer structure, every adjacent two-layer fitting tightly, and ground floor is from the inside to the outside interior dope layer, and the second layer is alloy-layer, and the 3rd layer is stainless steel layer, and the 4th layer is rustproof lacquer layer; From inside to outside, the thermal expansion coefficient of every layer raises described inner water tank gradually; One end of hot water outlet pipe and water inlet pipe is connected with inner water tank, the other end of water inlet pipe is connected with the delivery port of heat collector, between described temperature sensor, water level controller, flow controller, flow sensor, electric heater and described central controller, communication is connected, described inner bag comprises four sidewalls and a diapire, on diapire and each sidewall, be respectively arranged with four electric heaters, be respectively the first electric heater, the second electric heater, the 3rd electric heater and the 4th electric heater, for the water to water heater, heat; When starting to heat, the first described electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts heating, and the second electric heater, the 3rd electric heater and the 4th electric heater do not start heating; When the temperature of water reaches the first temperature, the second described electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts to start heating, diapire heats together with the first described electric heater on each sidewall, the second electric heater, and the 3rd electric heater and the 4th electric heater on diapire and each sidewall do not start heating; When temperature reaches the second temperature, the 3rd described electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts to start, diapire heats water together with the first described electric heater on each sidewall, the second electric heater, the 3rd electric heater, and the 4th electric heater on diapire and each sidewall does not start heating; When temperature reaches the 4th temperature, the 4th described electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts to start, and diapire heats water with together with described all electric heaters on each sidewall; Described temperature sensor is arranged in inner bag, and for measuring the temperature of water, described flow sensor and flow controller are arranged on water heater inlet tube, and described flow sensor is for measuring the flow of the water that flows into inner water tank; Described flow controller is used for controlling the flow velocity of the water on water inlet pipe, described water level controller is for measuring the water level of inner water tank, described central controller comprises the second regulon, described the second regulon, according to the temperature of the water of described temperature sensor measurement, produces the conditioning signal of controlling described electric heater; In order to guarantee that the water level of inner bag keeps certain height, the flow velocity that central controller is controlled flow controller according to the water level of measuring and flow; In order to guarantee that the temperature of the water of inner bag reaches predetermined temperature, central controller can be according to the flow velocity of the flow-control second amount controller of the water temperature of inner bag water temperature, heat collector delivery port and inflow inner bag;
Heat collector comprises the first reflecting surface, the second reflecting surface and thermal-collecting tube.The second reflecting surface and the setting in opposition to each other of the first reflecting surface, thermal-collecting tube is between two reflectings surface, wherein the first reflecting surface is towards the sun, direct irradiation of sunlight is on the first reflecting surface, then reflex in thermal-collecting tube, the energy that does not reflex to thermal-collecting tube can reflex in thermal-collecting tube by the second reflecting surface again.
Thermal-collecting tube is many, is divided into many rows and arranges, and the pipe way of the first row thermal-collecting tube of close the first reflecting surface is apart from maximum, and along with distance the first reflecting surface is far away, the spacing between same array of pipes is also more and more less.
On thermal-collecting tube outer surface, absorption film is set, along with distance the first reflecting surface is far away, the coated area of pipe absorption film is also increasing.
Described thermal-collecting tube body comprises three-decker, and from inside to outside the thermal coefficient of expansion of every layer reduces gradually.
In described thermal-collecting tube, only each row in outermost thermal-collecting tube outer setting fin.
Thermal-collecting tube outer setting fin, the area of fin will increase and increase along with distance the first reflecting surface.
Described water tank further comprises heat-insulation layer, and heat-insulation layer has three layers, and from inside to outside the thermal coefficient of expansion of every layer of heat-insulation layer raises gradually.
Temperature sensor in described water tank is a plurality of, wherein at least one temperature sensor is arranged on the hot water outlet position of inner bag, be used for measuring the temperature of outlet hot water, at least one temperature sensor is arranged on the water inlet position of inner bag, be used for measuring the water temperature of inlet water, wherein at least one temperature sensor is arranged on other positions of inner water tank, be used for measuring the temperature of water in inner water tank, described regulon produces by the mean value of the temperature of a plurality of temperature sensor measurements the conditioning signal of controlling described water tank.
Each sidewall of described water tank and/or the power of the 4th electric heater on diapire are greater than the power of the 3rd electric heater, and the power of the 3rd electric heater is greater than the power of the second electric heater, and the power of the second electric heater is greater than the power of the first electric heater.
Electric heater on each sidewall of described water tank distributes along the short transverse of inner water tank, from inner water tank bottom, is up wherein the 4th electric heater, the second electric heater, the first electric heater, the 3rd electric heater successively; Each described sidewall and/or the electric heater on diapire distribute along the height stagger arrangement of inner water tank.
Electric heater on each sidewall of described water tank linearly distributes along the height of inner water tank, in short transverse, the second electric heater and the first electric heater are the first electric heater and the 3rd electric heater distance 0.8-0.9 times, and the distance of the 4th electric heater and the second electric heater is the second electric heater and the first electric heater distance 0.7-0.75 times.
The second layer of water tank is aluminium alloy layer, and the mass percent of the component of the aluminium alloy of described aluminium alloy layer is as follows: 6.0% Cu, 0.9% Mg, 0.6% Ag, 0.8% Mn, 0.13% Zr, 0.1% Ce, 0.10% Ti, 0.15% Si, all the other are Al.
Electric heater is comprised of electrothermal alloy, the following Ni 34% of mass percent of described electrothermal alloy; Cr 18%; Al 5%; C 0.05%; B 0.006%; Co 2%; W 4%; Mo 4%; Ti 2%; Nb 0.1%; La 0.2%; Ce 0.2%; Fe surplus.
The formula of flow value of unit interval that enters the water of heat collector is: Δ V=(R * A * η)/(ρ * CL * (T3-T)), wherein Δ V is the flow value of pipeline inner fluid unit interval, R is solar radiation value, A is the effective endotherm area of heat collector, η is heat loss factor, span is between 0.95-0.98, ρ is the density of water in pipeline, T3 is the water temperature that heat collector need to reach, the average water temperature of T heat collector, be T=(T1+T2)/2, T1, T2 is respectively the temperature of heat collector outlet and heat collector entrance, CL is the specific heat of water mean temperature in pipeline.
In described heat collector, electric heater unit is set; Described heat collector comprises three-decker, and every layer of thermal coefficient of expansion from inside to outside reduces gradually.
Described water heater also comprises solar tracking system.
Electric heater on each described sidewall linearly distributes along the height of water heater liner, and the angle of the center line of described straight line and sidewall is 30-45 °.
In heat collector, adjust flow according to the time period, comprise setting-up time section, record average solar irradiation value of time period described in each; Record the outlet temperature T1 of average heat collector of time period described in each; Record the average described heat collector outlet temperature T2 of time period described in each; According to the flow of the water of the numerical computations heat collector of setting heat collector terminal temperature T3 and measurement.
Compared with prior art, solar water appliance of the present invention has following advantage:
1) by the auxiliary heating of water tank, realize the temperature constant of water outlet, for example, when the water temperature of heat collector is on the low side, by starting the electric calorifie installation of water tank, heat.
2) can, by measuring temperature and intensity of illumination, by controlling flow, realize the constant of water heater temperature;
3) by electric heater unit is set, can realizes the in the situation that of bad weather water heater is independently added to thermal control, also can synthermal sensor, optical sensor, flowmeter realize the co-controlling to water heater temperature together with central controller.
4) can to water heater temperature, control according to the time period.
5) by a plurality of electric heaters are set, when water heater has just started heating, only start one of them electric heater, thus the temperature of lifting water slowly, thus avoided the temperature of water to improve fast, avoided the quick heat expansion of inner water tank; After reaching certain water temperature, water heater inwall now heat slowly increases to a certain degree, is therefore now strengthening heating power, can't produce the speed that the heat of the water heater at heating initial stage rises, the service life of therefore having improved water heater.
6), by electric heater being all set at four sidewalls and diapire, can guarantee the even water temperature of heating;
7) electric heater is arranged in the short transverse of inner water tank, and the electric heater that will be first starts heating is placed on the centre of three electric heaters, thereby reduces the electric heater that first starts to the heat of the inner bag diapire phenomenon that rises.
8), by water level controller, flow controller, flow sensor, realize entering the control of the flow velocity of water heater.
9) by a plurality of temperature sensors are set, with the water temperature that guarantees to measure accurately.
10), by the setting of electric heater spacing and heating power, realize the homogeneous heating to water.
11), by the reasonable distribution to the mass percent of the component of the aluminium alloy of aluminium alloy layer, improve high-fire resistance and the Testing Tensile Strength at Elevated Temperature of the alloy-layer of inner bag.
12) by the setting to the component of electrothermal alloy, make electrothermal alloy there is high non-oxidizability and resistance to corrosion.
13) by the distribution of thermal-collecting tube, avoid segment set heat pipe overheated, guarantee to be heated evenly between thermal-collecting tube.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the work schematic diagram of solar thermal collector of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of inner water tank
Fig. 3 is the overall appearance figure of inner water tank
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of inner water tank work of the present invention
Fig. 5 is wherein a kind of distribution map of electric heater on inner water tank sidewall
Fig. 6 is wherein another kind of distribution map of electric heater on inner water tank sidewall
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of solar thermal collector
Reference numeral is as follows:
1 central controller
The Reference numeral of water tank is as follows:
The first electric heater of 2 the first side walls, the second electric heater of 3 the first side walls, the 3rd electric heater of 4 the first side walls, the 4th electric heater of 5 the first side walls, 6 water inlet pipes, 7 hot water outlet pipes, 8 temperature sensors, 9 temperature sensors, 10 temperature sensors, 11 flow sensors, 12 flow controllers, 13 inner water tanks, the 3rd electric heater of 14 diapires, the first electric heater of 15 diapires, the second electric heater of 16 diapires, the 4th electric heater of 17 diapires, the first electric heater of 18 second sidewalls, the second electric heater of 19 second sidewalls, the 3rd electric heater of 20 second sidewalls, the 4th electric heater of 21 second sidewalls, the ground floor of 22 inner bags, the second layer of 23 inner bags, the 3rd layer of 24 inner bags, the 4th layer of 25 inner bags, the shell of 26 inner bags,
The Reference numeral of the part of heat collector is as follows:
27 heat collectors, the position of the temperature sensor of 28 heat collector outlets, the position of the temperature sensor of 29 heat collector entrances, the position of 30 flowmeters, 31 electric heater units, the position of 32 flow controllers, 33 first reflectings surface, 34 second reflectings surface, 35 thermal-collecting tubes, 36 fins.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
First introduce the associated components of solar energy system below.
First, please refer to Fig. 1, a kind of solar water heater, comprises heat collector 27, and the water inlet of heat collector 27 is communicated with external water source by pipeline, and water heater also comprises temperature sensor, optical sensor, flowmeter, flow controller and central controller; Described temperature sensor is two, is separately positioned on the position 29 and delivery port position 28 of water inlet of heat collector, for measuring the temperature of the water inlet of heat collector and the water of delivery port; Optical sensor is arranged on the endothermic section (Fig. 1 does not illustrate) of heat collector, for detection of sun light intensity; Flowmeter is arranged in the connecting pipe of water inlet and external water source, and the position of Reference numeral 30 as shown in Figure 1, for measuring the flow of the water that enters heat collector; Flow controller is arranged in the connecting pipe of water inlet and external water source, and the position of Reference numeral 32 as shown in Figure 1, for controlling the flow of the water that enters heat collector; Between described temperature sensor, optical sensor, flowmeter, flow controller and described central controller 1, communication is connected; Described central controller comprises the first regulon, described the first regulon is according to temperature sensor and optical sensor measured value, produce the conditioning signal of controlling described flowmeter, to change the flow of the water that flows into corresponding described heat collector, the fluid temperature (F.T.) in described heat collector is remained unchanged.
The delivery port of heat collector 27 is connected with the water inlet of water tank.
The formula that described solar radiation value is calculated the flow value of the unit interval of water in pipeline is: Δ V=(R * A * η)/(ρ * CL * (T3-T)), wherein Δ V is the flow value of pipeline inner fluid unit interval, R is solar radiation value, A is the effective endotherm area of heat collector, η is heat loss factor, span is between 0.95-0.98, ρ is the density of water in pipeline, CL is the avergae specific heat of pipeline Nei Shui place temperature range, T3 is the water temperature that heat collector need to reach, the average water temperature of T heat collector, be T=(T1+T2)/2, T1, T2 is respectively the temperature of heat collector outlet and heat collector entrance.
Certainly, the mean temperature of heat collector also has many other metering systems, for example, at a plurality of positions of heat collector set temperature sensor, measures the water temperature of heat collector by calculating the mean temperature of the water of a plurality of positions.If take this kind of mode, need to not import and export set temperature sensor at heat collector, and need to be at the inner set temperature sensor of heat collector.
Central controller 1 also comprises data storage cell, logic controller, data storage cell is for storing temperature sensor, optical sensor, the numerical value of flowmeter survey and the formula of flow value, described logic controller, according to the flow value of the formula unit of account time of the numerical value of described measurement and flow value, remains unchanged the fluid temperature (F.T.) in described pipeline.
Electric heater unit 31 is set in described heat collector, described electric heater unit can not have sunlight (for example evening or cloudy day) in the situation that to work alone, also can be in the situation that sunlight cannot meet normal hot water use, under the control of central controller, coordinate temperature sensor, optical sensor, flowmeter to realize the co-controlling to water heater temperature together with central controller.
In addition, central controller 1 can independently be controlled electric heater unit 3 and realize the water temperature that heat collector need to reach, for example at least one temperature sensor can be set in heat collector cases, according to the water temperature of temperature sensor measurement, control electric heater unit 31 and heat.Also can control electric heater unit 31 according to the mean value of the water temperature of heat collector water inlet and delivery port measurement heats.
Described heat collector also comprises solar tracking system, by solar tracking system, can make the real-time tracking sun of heat collector, has reached the maximum solar energy that utilizes.
The temperature of heat collector 27 is controlled and can be controlled in real time, also can control according to the time period.According to the time period control in situation, need setting-up time section, record average solar irradiation value of time period described in each; Record the outlet temperature T1 of average heat collector of time period described in each; Record the average described heat collector outlet temperature T2 of time period described in each; According to the flow of the water of the numerical computations heat collector of setting heat collector terminal temperature T3 and measurement.
Regulon changes the flow of the water that flows into corresponding described heat collector 27 by adjusting the aperture size of valve.Certainly the size of adjusting flow also has additive method, such as by control pump etc.
The structure of the water tank being connected with heat collector is as follows:
First, please refer to Fig. 2, described water tank comprises inner water tank 13 and shell 26, water heater bottom arranges water inlet pipe 6, one side on top is provided with hot water outlet pipe 7, the water of the heating of heat collector enters inner water tank 13 by water inlet pipe 6, then in inner water tank 13, heats, and then by hot water outlet pipe 7, flows out.
Certainly, water inlet pipe can also connect outside cold water simultaneously, in the time of bad weather, can close the water inlet being connected with heat collector, opens the connection of outside cold water, thereby realizes the independent heating of water tank.Certainly, also can heat collector the hot water of heating be connected with outside cold water simultaneously, reached water and the outside cold water mix of heat collector, reach the demand that realizes rapidly suitable water temperature.
Fig. 3 has shown the schematic diagram of inner water tank 13.Inner water tank 13 is divided into four layers; every adjacent two-layer fitting tightly; respectively from inside to outside interior dope layer 22, alloy-layer 23, stainless steel layer 24 and rustproof lacquer layer 25; inner water tank 13 is owing to having adopted said structure; ground floor is interior dope layer; can avoid occurring corrosion; the second layer is aluminium alloy layer; the evenly culinary art that makes to conduct heat is effective; the 3rd layer is stainless steel layer, makes the outer surface of inner bag not only attractive in appearance, can also make the heat transfer of inner bag faster; the 4th layer is rustproof lacquer layer, can protect copper layer to avoid producing corrosion.
Preferably, described alloy-layer is aluminium alloy layer.
Sidewall and the diapire of the inner bag 13 that Fig. 3 shows are the obtuse angle that is greater than 90 °, certainly, the sidewall of inner bag and diapire are not limited to the form of accompanying drawing, and inner bag and sidewall can be the angle of 90 °, inner bag can be cube shaped, four mutually perpendicular sidewalls and diapire, consists of.
For the material in inner bag 13, be not limited to the material of foregoing description, those skilled in the art can reasonably select, but the selection for the material of the four-layer structure of inner bag, requirement is that the thermal coefficient of expansion of four-layer structure from inside to outside increases gradually, that is to say, the thermal coefficient of expansion of innermost layer is minimum, and the second layer secondly, the 3rd layer is greater than the second layer but is less than the 4th layer, the 4th layer of maximum.Why such setting, because in the process of heating, ground floor is first heated, first expand, therefore be then the second layer, the 3rd layer, the 4th layer expanded by heating successively, four layers of coefficient of expansion increase successively and can guarantee that expansion rate is consistent substantially, guarantee compactness and the stability of each layer of connection.
Described water tank comprises heat-insulation layer, and heat-insulation layer has three layers, and from inside to outside the thermal coefficient of expansion of every layer of heat-insulation layer raises gradually.More preferably, from inside to outside, from inner bag to heat-insulation layer, the thermal coefficient of expansion of every layer raises water tank gradually.Thereby realize, guarantee that expansion rate is consistent substantially, guarantee compactness and the stability of each layer of connection
As shown in Figure 4, described water tank comprises electric heater, temperature sensor, wherein hot water outlet pipe 7 is connected with inner water tank 13 with water inlet pipe 6, described temperature sensor 8-10, electric heater 2-5,14-17, between 18-21 and described central controller 1, communication is connected, and described inner bag 13 comprises four sidewalls (only having shown two sidewalls in Fig. 3) and a diapire, on diapire and each sidewall, is respectively arranged with four electric heaters.As shown in Figure 3, on the first side wall of the inner water tank of Fig. 3, be respectively the first electric heater 2, the second electric heater 3, the 3rd electric heater 4 and the 4th electric heater 5, on the second sidewall of the inner water tank of Fig. 3, be in like manner respectively the first electric heater 18, the second electric heater 19, the 3rd electric heater 20 and the 4th electric heater 21, the setting of the electric heater of two of inner water tank outer two sidewalls is simultaneously identical with arranging of the first side wall and the second sidewall, is respectively arranged with four electric heaters; Diapire at inner bag 13 is provided with four electric heaters, is respectively the 3rd electric heater 14, the first electric heater 15, the second electric heater 16 and the 4th electric heater 17, and the electric heater of above-mentioned setting is used for the water of water heater to heat; When starting to heat, described the first electric heater 2,18,15(on diapire and each sidewall comprise the first electric heater on unshowned two sidewalls) start heating, the second electric heater, the 3rd electric heater and the 4th electric heater do not start heating; When the temperature of water reaches the first temperature, the second described electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts to start heating, diapire heats together with the first described electric heater on each sidewall, the second electric heater, and the 3rd electric heater and the 4th electric heater on diapire and each sidewall do not start heating; When temperature reaches the second temperature, the 3rd described electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts to start, diapire heats water together with the first described electric heater on each sidewall, the second electric heater, the 3rd electric heater, and the 4th electric heater on diapire and each sidewall does not start heating; When temperature reaches the 3rd temperature, the 4th described electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts to start, and diapire heats water with together with described all electric heaters on each sidewall; Described central controller 1 comprises the second regulon, and described the second regulon, according to the temperature of the water of described temperature sensor measurement, produces the conditioning signal of controlling described water tank.
In the process of reality heating, as long as the temperature of water is lower than the first temperature, only start the first electric heater of diapire and four sidewalls, if the temperature of water is between the first temperature and the second temperature time, start the first electric heater and second electric heater of diapire and four sidewalls simultaneously, if the temperature of water is between the second temperature and the 3rd temperature time, start the first electric heater of diapire and four sidewalls simultaneously, the second electric heater and the 3rd electric heater, when the temperature of water reaches or surpasses the 3rd temperature, all electric heaters start and heat simultaneously.
Certainly, those skilled in the art can set the maximum temperature that needs heating as required, and for example set temperature input control plate is controlled the temperature of heating.If need to be heated to the second temperature, the 3rd heater and the 4th heater do not need to start, only need to be according to temperature actuated the first electric heater and the second electric heater.
By the electric heater in water tank is set, can realize the independent heating of water tank, also can realize water tank auxiliary heating.On the low side when the water temperature of heat collector input, water tank electric heater starts heating, has reached required water temperature.
Described temperature sensor is a plurality of, is all arranged in inner bag 5.As shown in Figure 3, one of them temperature sensor 8 is arranged on the hot water outlet position of inner bag, be used for measuring the hot water temperature of outlet hot water, one of them temperature sensor 9 is arranged on the cold water inlet position of inner bag, be used for measuring the water temperature of entrance cold water, wherein at least one temperature sensor 10 is arranged on other positions of inner water tank, is used for measuring the temperature of inner water tank 10 interior water, for example the bottom that is arranged on inner bag 5 as shown in Figure 3.Described regulon produces by the mean value of the temperature of a plurality of temperature sensor measurements the conditioning signal of controlling described electric heater.
Although the quantity of the temperature sensor in Fig. 4 is 3, in fact, the quantity of temperature sensor is not limited to 3, and for example the quantity of the sensor of water heater hot-water exit position, cold water inlet position and other positions can be more than two.By being set, a plurality of temperature sensors can increase the measurement accuracy of water temperature.
Certainly, those skilled in the art also can select temperature sensor to be arranged on hot water inlet pipe and/or cooling water outlet pipe as required, with the come together mean value of computation and measurement temperature of the temperature sensor that is arranged on inner bag.
In order to guarantee that the temperature of the water of inner bag reaches predetermined temperature, central controller can be according to the flow velocity of the flow-control second amount controller of the water temperature of inner bag water temperature, heat collector delivery port and inflow inner bag.For example, the water temperature water temperature on the low side and heat collector in inner bag is higher, and the outlet hot water that can improve heat collector flows into the speed of inner bag, otherwise, can suitably reduce the flow that flows into the water of inner bag from heat collector.Because the entrance of water tank can also connect external water source (as running water water source), if heat collector water temperature is higher, can also reduce the water temperature in water tank by strengthening the inflow velocity of external water source.
If heat collector water temperature is also on the low side, can start the electric heating system in heat collector and/or water tank, by electric heating system auxiliary heating, improve water temperature, if heater water temperature is higher, can reduce temperature by strengthening the flow velocity of the water inlet of heater, also can reduce by strengthening the flow velocity of outside cold water source the water temperature of water tank, or can take the flow velocity of heat collector and water tank while entrance cold water to reduce the water temperature in water tank and heat collector.
In addition, in order to control the flow velocity of outside cold water source, externally on the pipeline of cold water source, flow controller, flow sensor are set, for detection of the flow velocity on the pipeline of outside cold water source and control flow, to control the flow of the external water source that enters inner bag.
As shown in Figure 4, the electric heater of described the first side wall distributes along the short transverse of inner water tank, from inner water tank bottom, is up wherein the 4th electric heater 5, the second electric heater 3, the first electric heater 2, the 3rd electric heater 4 successively.The setting of the electric heater of other sidewalls is identical with arranging of the first side wall.
Electric heater on each described sidewall linearly distributes along the height of inner water tank, in short transverse, the second electric heater 3 and the first electric heater 2 are the first electric heater 2 and the 3rd electric heater 4 distances 0.8-0.9 times, and the distance of the 4th electric heater 5 and the second electric heater 3 is the second electric heater 3 and the first electric heater 2 distances 0.7-0.75 times.The setting of the electric heater of other sidewalls is identical with arranging of the first side wall.
The power of the 4th electric heater 5 is greater than the power of the 3rd electric heater 4, and the power of the 3rd electric heater 4 is greater than the power of the second electric heater 3, and the power of the second electric heater 3 is greater than the power of the first electric heater 2.The setting of the electric heater of other sidewalls is identical with arranging of the first side wall.
Described cold water inlet 6 is arranged near the position that the diapire on diapire is connected with sidewall, and the electric heater of diapire is apart from water inlet pipe 6 distances being distributed as from the close-by examples to those far off: the 4th electric heater 17, the second electric heater 16, the first electric heater 15 and the 3rd electric heater 14.
Diapire is upper, and the power of the 4th electric heater 17 is greater than the power of the 3rd electric heater 14, and the power of the 3rd electric heater 14 is greater than the power of the second electric heater 16, and the power of the second electric heater 16 is greater than the power of the first electric heater 15.
By above-mentioned position and the setting of power, can improve the harmony of the heating of water, guarantee the uniformity that each wall surface temperature promotes.
Described water tank also comprises water level controller (Fig. 3 is not shown), flow controller 12, flow sensor 11, water level controller, flow controller 12, flow sensor 11 are connected with central controller 1 communication, flow sensor 11 and flow controller 12 are arranged on water heater inlet tube 6, and described flow sensor 11 is for measuring the flow of the water that flows into inner water tank 5; Described flow controller 12 is used for controlling the flow velocity of the water on water heater inlet tube 6, described water level controller is for measuring the water level of inner water tank, and measurement result is passed to central controller 1, the flow velocity that central controller 1 is controlled flow controller 12 according to the water level of measuring and flow, central controller 1 can also be according to the flow velocity of water temperature and flow-control flow controller 12.For example, if the water temperature in water tank has surpassed user's demand, by arranging, increase the flow of water in reduction water temperature, in like manner, if the water temperature in water tank, lower than user's demand, can guarantee by reducing the flow of water the Fast Heating of water.User's demand can arrange by user interface (not shown).If water level declines, by control, increase the flow that flow velocity increases the water that enters inner bag, if water level is too high, by reducing or stop the discharge that the flow velocity of water reduces or avoid entering interior road.
As Fig. 5 has shown that the electric heater of the first side wall is along the height stagger arrangement distribution of inner water tank.Certainly the electric heater on each sidewall and diapire can adopt stagger arrangement as shown in Figure 4 to distribute,
Electric heater on each described sidewall linearly distributes along the height of inner water tank, and as shown in Figure 5, the angle of the center line of described straight line and sidewall is 30-45 ° (two dotted line angulations shown in Fig. 5).Certainly the electric heater on diapire can adopt stagger arrangement as shown in Figure 5 to distribute.
By above-mentioned electric heater position, arrange, can improve the harmony of the heating of water, guarantee the uniformity that each wall surface temperature promotes.
In actual applications, can also arrange and prevent dryouting device, with the electric heater that guarantees to heat, all be immersed in water.If electric heater is not immersed in water, electric heater stops heating automatically, prevents dry combustion method.While flooding electric heater Deng water level rising, heat again.
The mass percent of the component of the aluminium alloy of aluminium alloy layer is as follows: 6.0% Cu, and 0.9% Mg, 0.6% Ag, 0.8% Mn, 0.13% Zr, 0.1% Ce, 0.10% Ti, 0.15% Si, all the other are Al.
The manufacture method of aluminium alloy is: adopt vacuum metallurgy melting, argon for protecting pouring becomes circle base, through 600 ℃ of homogenising, processes, and at 400 ℃, adopts and is hot extruded into bar, and then after 580 ℃ of solution hardening, at 200 ℃, carry out artificial aging processing.The tensile strength sigma b of alloy: room temperature >=550MPa, 200 ℃ >=440MPa, 300 ℃ >=-230MPa.
Electric heater is comprised of electrothermal alloy, the following Ni 34% of mass percent of described electrothermal alloy; Cr 18%; Al 5%; C 0.05%; B 0.006%; Co 2%; W 4%; Mo 4%; Ti 2%; Nb 0.1%; La 0.2%; Ce0.2%; Fe surplus.
The manufacture method of electrothermal alloy is: by the composition smelting and pouring according to electrothermal alloy in vaccum sensitive stove, become ingot, then at 1200 ℃-900 ℃, alloy pig forge hot is become to bar, at 1200 ℃-900 ℃, be rolled into dish material, then in room temperature cold-drawn, become the silk material of different size.
In order to replace widely used NiCr, be Cr20Ni80 alloy, and manufactured electrothermal alloy cheaply, the non-oxidizability of alloy and Cr20Ni80 contrast are as follows:
Present 7 concrete structures of having a look solar thermal collector by reference to the accompanying drawings.
Accompanying drawing 7 has been shown a specific embodiment of heat collector.Heat collector comprises the first reflecting surface 33, the second reflecting surface 34 and thermal-collecting tube 35.The second reflecting surface and the setting in opposition to each other of the first reflecting surface, thermal-collecting tube is between two reflectings surface, wherein the first reflecting surface is towards the sun, direct irradiation of sunlight is on the first reflecting surface 33, then reflex in thermal-collecting tube 35, the energy that does not reflex to thermal-collecting tube 35 can reflex in thermal-collecting tube 35 by the second reflecting surface again, thus the water in heating thermal-collecting tube.
The first reflecting surface 33 extends axially along thermal-collecting tube 35, and parallel with thermal-collecting tube 35, and the first reflecting surface 33 cross sections that Fig. 7 shows are two arc structures, and two circular arcs connect, and form the first reflecting surface.Certainly, be not limited to the structure in Fig. 7, in reality, can adopt single arc structure, also can adopt single parabola, hyperbolic configuration, also can adopt cross section is that two parabolas connect or two structures that hyperbola connects.Also can adopt cross section is the above parabola syndetons of three or three, or cross section is three or three above circular arc syndetons etc.
Heat collector also comprises the connection header at thermal-collecting tube two ends, and the header at two ends arranges respectively inlet tube and outlet, and inlet tube is connected with needing the water of heating, and outlet is connected with water tank.
Thermal-collecting tube is many, is divided into many rows and arranges, as shown in Figure 7 between two reflectings surface.Although Fig. 7 has shown two rows, in reality, can arrange and be not limited to two rows.As shown in the figure, the pipe way of the first row thermal-collecting tube of close the first reflecting surface is apart from maximum, and along with distance the first reflecting surface 33 is far away, the spacing between same array of pipes is also more and more less.Like this energy is absorbed by more thermal-collecting tube, it is overheated to prevent near the thermal-collecting tube of the first reflecting surface 33, damages.On thermal-collecting tube outer surface, absorption film is set, for absorbing solar energy, wherein the thickness of absorption film is 80nm-120nm.Along with distance the first reflecting surface 33 is far away, the coated area of pipe absorption film is also increasing, so also can prevent that thermal-collecting tube heat absorption near the first reflecting surface 33 from too much causing overheated, damage.
Described thermal-collecting tube comprises sandwich construction, and from inside to outside the thermal coefficient of expansion of every layer reduces gradually.This is because in the process of thermal-arrest, the outside of heat collector is first heated, first expands, and be inwardly then the second layer, the 3rd layer of expanded by heating successively, therefore from inside to outside three layers of expansion number of times reduce successively and can guarantee that expansion rate is consistent substantially, guarantee compactness and the stability of each layer of connection.In specific embodiment, thermal-collecting tube body can comprise three-decker, metal composite structure layers such as copper layer, aluminium lamination, steel layer or other, but need to guarantee that from inside to outside the thermal coefficient of expansion of every layer reduces gradually.
Thermal-collecting tube outside can arrange fin 36, especially respectively the outermost thermal-collecting tube 36 in arranging, such object is not traditional increase heat exchange, but in order to absorb enlarged-area, prevent the outermost reflected energy loss of speculum, by fin, absorb outermost reflected energy.Therefore fin 36 can only be arranged on outermost one deck.
Certainly, fin 36 also can be arranged in all thermal-collecting tubes, and it is therefore overheated in order to prevent that the thermal-collecting tube heat absorption of close the first reflecting surface 33 from too much causing still will to note, so the area of fin will and increase along with distance the first reflecting surface increase.
Fin can be plate fin, but is not limited to plate fin.
Although the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment, the present invention is not defined in this.Any those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, all can make various changes or modifications, so protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with claim limited range.
Claims (2)
1. a solar water heater, comprises that central controller, heat collector and the water tank being connected with heat collector, the water inlet of heat collector are communicated with external water source by pipeline, it is characterized in that,
Described heat collector comprises: temperature sensor, optical sensor, flowmeter, first flow controller; Described temperature sensor is two, is separately positioned on water inlet and the delivery port of heat collector, for measuring the temperature of the water inlet of heat collector and the water of delivery port; Optical sensor is arranged on the endothermic section of heat collector, for detection of sun light intensity; Flowmeter is arranged in the connecting pipe of water inlet and external water source, for measuring the flow of the water that enters heat collector; First flow controller is arranged in the connecting pipe of water inlet and external water source, for controlling the flow of the water that enters heat collector; Between described temperature sensor, optical sensor, flowmeter, first flow controller and described central controller, communication is connected; Described central controller comprises the first regulon, described the first regulon is according to the measured value of temperature sensor, optical sensor and flowmeter, produce the conditioning signal of controlling described first flow controller, to change the flow of the water that flows into described heat collector, the fluid temperature (F.T.) in described heat collector is remained unchanged;
Described water tank comprises: inner water tank, electric heater, water inlet pipe, hot water outlet pipe, temperature sensor, water level controller, second amount controller, flow sensor, described inner bag includes four-layer structure, every adjacent two-layer fitting tightly, and ground floor is from the inside to the outside interior dope layer, and the second layer is alloy-layer, and the 3rd layer is stainless steel layer, and the 4th layer is rustproof lacquer layer, from inside to outside, the thermal coefficient of expansion of every layer raises described inner water tank gradually, one end of hot water outlet pipe and water inlet pipe is connected with inner water tank, the other end of water inlet pipe is connected with the delivery port of heat collector, described temperature sensor, water level controller, second amount controller, flow sensor, between electric heater and described central controller, communication is connected, described inner bag comprises four sidewalls and a diapire, in each of diapire and four sidewalls, be provided with respectively four electric heaters, it is respectively the first electric heater, the second electric heater, the 3rd electric heater and the 4th electric heater, for the water of water heater is heated, when starting to heat, the first described electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts heating, and the second electric heater, the 3rd electric heater and the 4th electric heater do not start heating, when the temperature of water reaches the first temperature, the second described electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts to start heating, diapire heats together with the first described electric heater on each sidewall, the second electric heater, and the 3rd electric heater and the 4th electric heater on diapire and each sidewall do not start heating, when temperature reaches the second temperature, the 3rd described electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts to start, diapire heats water together with the first described electric heater on each sidewall, the second electric heater, the 3rd electric heater, and the 4th electric heater on diapire and each sidewall does not start heating, when temperature reaches the 4th temperature, the 4th described electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts to start, and diapire heats water with together with described all electric heaters on each sidewall, described temperature sensor is arranged in inner bag, and for measuring the temperature of water, described flow sensor and second amount controller are arranged on water heater inlet tube, and described flow sensor is for measuring the flow of the water that flows into inner water tank, described second amount controller is used for controlling the flow velocity of the water on water inlet pipe, described water level controller is for measuring the water level of inner water tank, described central controller comprises the second regulon, described the second regulon, according to the temperature of the water of described temperature sensor measurement, produces the conditioning signal of controlling described electric heater, in order to guarantee that the water level of inner bag keeps certain height, the flow velocity that central controller is controlled second amount controller according to the inner bag water level of measuring and flow, in order to guarantee that the temperature of the water of inner bag reaches predetermined temperature, central controller can be according to the flow velocity of the flow-control second amount controller of the water temperature of inner bag water temperature, heat collector delivery port and inflow inner bag,
Described heat collector comprises the first reflecting surface, the second reflecting surface and thermal-collecting tube, described the second reflecting surface and the setting in opposition to each other of described the first reflecting surface, described thermal-collecting tube is between two reflectings surface, wherein said the first reflecting surface is towards the sun, direct irradiation of sunlight is on described the first reflecting surface, then reflex in described thermal-collecting tube, the energy that does not reflex to described thermal-collecting tube can reflex in described thermal-collecting tube by described the second reflecting surface again; Described thermal-collecting tube is many, is divided into many rows and arranges between two reflectings surface, and the pipe way of the first row thermal-collecting tube of close the first reflecting surface is apart from maximum, and along with distance the first reflecting surface is far away, the spacing between same array of pipes is also more and more less.
2. solar water heater according to claim 1, arranges absorption film on thermal-collecting tube outer surface, and along with distance the first reflecting surface is far away, the coated area of thermal-collecting tube absorption film is also increasing.
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| CN201310229307.4A Division CN103307761B (en) | 2013-06-09 | 2013-06-09 | Solar water heater |
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| CN201583008U (en) * | 2009-03-23 | 2010-09-15 | 杨树立 | Solar water heater collecting heat by adopting hybrid vacuum glass heat collecting tubes |
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| GB1022189A (en) * | 1964-01-23 | 1966-03-09 | Santon Ltd | Improvements relating to electric storage water heaters |
| WO1990012988A1 (en) * | 1989-04-19 | 1990-11-01 | M.T. Associates Proprietary Ltd. | Hot water heaters |
| CN2687566Y (en) * | 2004-03-08 | 2005-03-23 | 李凯峰 | Boiling-hot water device for stepped heating |
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