CN103615363A - Power generation device and power generation method adopting salinity gradient power - Google Patents
Power generation device and power generation method adopting salinity gradient power Download PDFInfo
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- CN103615363A CN103615363A CN201310600743.8A CN201310600743A CN103615363A CN 103615363 A CN103615363 A CN 103615363A CN 201310600743 A CN201310600743 A CN 201310600743A CN 103615363 A CN103615363 A CN 103615363A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient
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Abstract
The invention discloses a power generation device adopting salinity gradient power. The power generation device comprises a permeating device and water turbines. The permeating device comprises a permeating electrode formed by parallel connection of a plurality of permeable membrane elements and used for dividing strong salt water and seawater into a high-concentration side and a low-concentration side. The water turbines correspond to the high-concentration side of the permeating device and are connected with an engine through a coupler so as to drive a motor to operate. After the strong salt water and the seawater are fed into the high-concentration side and the low-concentration side of the permeating electrode, the permeating electrode can convert permeating pressure difference into hydrostatic pressure on the high-concentration side and exert back pressure in corresponding size by the aid of permeating electrode, and the water turbines can be driven to rotate to drive a generator to operate. The seawater is taken as a low-concentration water supply side and the seawater higher in concentration is used for permeating power generation, so that fresh water resources can be saved, pretreatment cost can be reduced, the permeating pressure difference can be increased, and power density can be increased; instability and difficult grid connection by the power generation mode are avoided due to the characteristics of easy storage of salt.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to salt error energy technical field, be specifically related to a kind of salt error energy electricity generating device.
Background technique
Salt error can refer to the poor energy of chemical potential between seawater and fresh water or between two kinds of different water of salt concentration, is mainly present in the mouth of the river and part inland saltwater lake, is the marine energy that a kind of reserves are huge.Infiltration is when utilizing semipermeable membrane that the solution of two kinds of variable concentrations is separated, and the solvent (as water) in the lower solution of concentration automatically sees through semipermeable membrane and flows to the solution that concentration is higher, until the phenomenon of chemical potential balance.Osmotic pressure is in process of osmosis, for reaching osmotic equilibrium at the extra pressure increasing of solution one side.The Driving force of infiltration comes from the difference in chemical potential of the solvent of film both sides solution.When osmotic equilibrium, the difference in chemical potential of solvent can show by the form of permeable pressure head.
Conventionally the chemical potential between seawater (3.5% salinity) and river is poor is equivalent to the height of water that 240m is high.According to statistics, the extra large run-off that enters that China coast rivers are annual is about 1.7 * 10
12～1.8 * 10
12m
3, wherein the year extra large run-off of main rivers is about 1.5 * 10
12～1.6 * 10
12m
3, coastal salt error energy resource reserves are about 3.9 * 10
18j, theoretical power (horse-power) is 1.25 * 10
11w.Wherein entrance of Changjiang River and on the south the coastal stock number in river mouth, great river account for 92.5% of national total amount, theoretical merit is estimated as 0.86 * 10
11kW.The flow 2.2 * 10 of Changjiang River into sea mouth particularly
4m
3/ s, can generate electricity 5.2 * 10
10w, is equivalent to every 1s burning 1.78tce.In addition, the ground such as China Qinghai Province also has many inland brine lakes to utilize.
The extraction of salt error energy has osmometry, vapor pressure method and anti-electroosmose process three classes, and wherein osmometry can be subdivided into again powerful osmotic pressure generating, hydraulic pressure tower osmotic pressure generates electricity and pressure retardation permeates three kinds.Vapor pressure method need to consume a large amount of fresh water, and the cost of electricity-generating of anti-electroosmose process is very high, and the powerful osmotic pressure generating in osmometry and the generating of hydraulic pressure tower osmotic pressure be because unit scale is large, investment is higher, so apply at present more, is that pressure retardation permeates.
In pressure retardation infiltration power generation system, before operation, pressure pump enters pressure chamber after the high solution of concentration is pressurized to a certain pressure, and the solution that during operation, concentration is low infiltrates the solution that concentration is high under the effect of osmotic pressure, and obtains the higher pressure of solution side that concentration is high.Mixed high pressure brackish water promotes turbo machine acting, and then can obtain electric power by generator.
At present, the salt error often addressing mouth of the river that can generate electricity, use seawater and fresh water to permeate, and the limited specific power that causes of concentration difference is lower between seawater and fresh water, and be not suitable for the area that freshwater resources lack, add China's stream pollution serious, increased pretreatment cost, make traditional salt error can generate electricity China and inapplicable.And, traditional single back pressure single-stage pressure retardation system, brine side only has a back pressure, can not adapt to osmotic pressure along Cheng Bianhua, the efficiency of whole power generation system is very low.
Summary of the invention
The present invention will solve is to provide a kind of salt error energy electricity generating device and method, and it adopts respectively brine and seawater as high concentration and low density side medium solution, realizes the efficiency power generation of suiting measures to local conditions.
According to one aspect of the present invention, a kind of salt error energy electricity generating device is provided, it adopts respectively brine and seawater as high concentration and low density side medium solution, realizes salt error and can generate electricity, and it is characterized in that, and this device comprises:
Penetrant unit, it comprises by a plurality of permeable membrane devices and being formed in parallel in order to described brine and seawater are divided into the infiltration stage of high concentration side and low density side;
Water turbine, it is corresponding with the high concentration side of described penetrant unit, is connected, in order to drive generator work by coupling with motor;
High concentration side and low density side in described infiltration stage pass into respectively after brine and seawater, described infiltration stage can be transformed into permeable pressure head high concentration side liquid static pressure, and utilize the back pressure of the corresponding size apply in this infiltration stage, can drive each water turbine to rotate and then drive generator work.
As improvement of the present invention, 1/2 left and right that the magnitude of back pressure that described infiltration stage applies is the average osmotic pressure of this grade two side liquid.
As improvement of the present invention, described pressure exchanger communicates with the high concentration side of infiltration stage, for reclaiming the pressure energy of the rear high concentration side solution of infiltration, to feed the new soln pressurization of surveying into infiltration stage high concentration.
As improvement of the present invention, also comprise a brine pump and a light salt brine pump, be respectively used to brine and seawater to pump into high pressure side and the low voltage side of described infiltration stage.
As improvement of the present invention, described device also comprises enrichment facility, and it is arranged on the high concentration side of infiltration stage, for reclaiming the high concentration side solution being diluted through infiltration, for recycling.
As improvement of the present invention, described enrichment facility adopts solar energy or wind energy as power source.
As improvement of the present invention, also comprise recycle pump, for the solution pump-in pressure exchanger that penetrant unit high concentration side is discharged.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of salt error energy classification electricity-generating method is provided, comprising:
Penetrant unit is set, and it comprises by a plurality of permeable membrane devices and being formed in parallel in order to the solution of variable concentrations is divided into the infiltration stage of high concentration side and low density side;
High concentration side and low density side in described infiltration stage pass into respectively after brine and seawater, and by described infiltration stage, permeable pressure head are transformed into high concentration side liquid static pressure,
In infiltration stage, apply the back pressure of corresponding size, according to above-mentioned back pressure, drive the water turbine corresponding with the high concentration side of penetrant unit to rotate, thereby drive generator work.
As improvement of the present invention, the described magnitude of back pressure applying in each infiltration stage for the average osmotic pressure of this grade two side liquid 1/2.
In the present invention, the height of the concentration difference of high and low concentration solution concentration directly affects the specific power of film, concentration difference is larger in theory, the specific power of film is larger, but according to the character of concrete film, can limit the Cmax that can use for a long time poor, and in the deterministic process of concentration difference, also will consider preparation and the processing cost of working medium.
In the present invention, determining of high and low concentration liquid inventory proportioning can be considered the cost of both sides solution simultaneously, and flowrate proportioning determines with the relation of extracting free energy.When brine and seawater permeate, recommending the flow of brine is 4 times of left and right of seawater, can suitably improve multiplying power.
In the present invention, determining of high and low concentration liquid inventory, can decide according to the design capacity of power station, the extractible energy density of the poor solution of certain concentration;
In the present invention, determining of permeable membrane device quantity, can consider station capacity, the poor lower average power density of certain concentration is determined the area of required semipermeable membrane, then according to concrete element model, determines the quantity of membrane component.
In general, salt error energy brine sea water generator of the present invention, compares with traditional salt error energy power generation system, has following advantage:
Salt error energy brine sea water generator, both can reduce the pretreatment cost of fresh water, can improve permeable pressure head again, and then improves system effectiveness; Promote significantly film specific power, permeable membrane has obtained utilizing more fully, thereby has improved the economic benefit of film, and then improves system effectiveness.Secondly, the turnover has been shortened in the raising of specific power, contributes to salt error can permeate the commercialization of generation technology.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is according to the structural representation of the salt error energy classification power generation system of the embodiment of the present invention.
In institute's drawings attached, same reference character represents identical technical characteristics, particularly:
1-high concentration side pump, 2-pressure exchanger, 3-low density side pump, 4,5,6-penetrant unit, wherein, 4-high concentration side 5-semipermeable membrane 6-low density side, 7-water turbine, 8-generator, 9-coupling, 10-recycle pump, 11-enrichment facility.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technological scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further elaborated.If only in order to explain the present invention, do not limit the present invention when explanation relates to instantiation herein.In addition involved technical characteristics in each mode of execution of the present invention who the following describes, just can not mutually combine as long as do not form each other conflict.
The salt error energy brine power generation with sea water system architecture schematic diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention as shown in Figure 1.Arrow in figure represents that working medium flows to, and wherein penetrant unit is schematic diagram, can not be interpreted as that a simple semipermeable membrane is divided into two chambers by container, and actual is to be formed in parallel by a plurality of permeable membrane devices.
The salt error energy brine power generation with sea water system of the present embodiment, comprises one-level penetrant unit, pressure exchanger 2, water turbine 7, generator 8, recycle pump 10, high concentration side pump 1, low density side pump 3, enrichment facility 11.
Wherein, penetrant unit all comprises the infiltration stage that the permeable membrane device by some is formed in parallel, and its solution by variable concentrations is divided into high concentration side and low density side, and permeable pressure head is transformed into high concentration side liquid static pressure.Particularly, in the present embodiment, first order penetrant unit comprises high concentration side 4, semipermeable membrane 5 and low density side 6,
Water turbine 7 is by coupling 9 coaxial linkages, and it is for being converted into the pressure energy of fluid the rotating mechanical energy of axle.
The input shaft of generator 8 is connected with the output shaft of water turbine by coupling 9, and it transmits the driving force of water turbine to generator 8, the mechanical energy of water turbine 7 is converted into electric energy.
The highly concentrated solution of infiltration stage inlet/outlet is flow through respectively in pressure exchanger 2 both sides, for reclaiming the pressure energy of the solution of the rear high concentration side 4 of infiltration, feeds the new soln pressurization into infiltration stage high concentration side.
Recycle pump 10 is for being connected the outlet of penetrant unit with pressure exchanger, the solution that is respectively used to penetrant unit high concentration side 4 to discharge pumps into corresponding pressure exchanger 2, and object is recovery section energy.
High concentration side pump 1 for by highly concentrated solution from enrichment facility 11 pump-in pressure exchangers 2, low density side pump 3 is communicated with low concentration solution with the low density side 6 of penetrant unit, for supplying with the required low concentration solution of whole system.
Enrichment facility 11, for reclaiming the high concentration side solution being diluted through infiltration, adopts solar energy or wind energy to achieve the goal well, can be according to condition choose reasonable.
In the present invention, the height of concentration is comparatively speaking, and concrete regulation, can not select according to actual conditions.
In the present embodiment, determining of high-concentration and low-concentration solution concentration, the height of its concentration difference directly affects the specific power of film, concentration difference is larger in theory, the specific power of film is larger, but according to the character of concrete film, can limit the Cmax that can use for a long time poor, and in the deterministic process of concentration difference, also will consider preparation and the processing cost of working medium.
In the present embodiment, determining of high-concentration and low-concentration liquid inventory proportioning can be considered the cost of both sides solution simultaneously, and flowrate proportioning determines with the relation of extracting free energy.When highly concentrated solution and low concentration solution permeate, in the present embodiment, preferably the flow of highly concentrated solution is 4 times of left and right of low concentration solution, but is not limited to this multiplying power, for example, also can suitably adjust multiplying power.High-concentration and low-concentration liquid inventory can specifically be determined according to the design capacity of power station, the extractible energy density of the poor solution of certain concentration.
In the present embodiment, permeable membrane device quantity can consider the area that station capacity, the poor lower average power density of certain concentration are determined required semipermeable membrane, then determines that according to concrete element model the quantity of membrane component determines.
In present case, back pressure is additional pressure, and it doesn't matter for the formation of back pressure and osmotic pressure, solution concentration.But choosing of optimum back pressure is but relevant with concentration and the flowrate proportioning of solution.The effect of back pressure is for infiltration provides a potential barrier, and namely because concentration difference is permeated that a part of fluid by semipermeable membrane, after entering high concentration side, its osmotic pressure is originally transformed into the back pressure for high concentration side.Back pressure is understood retardation process of osmosis, reduces the volume flowrate of infiltration, but the existence of back pressure makes the fluid of infiltration overcome pressure reduction acting, the just Conversion of Energy of the process implementation of this acting.Also just because of the existence of back pressure, therefore this technology is called the infiltration of pressure retardation.
In present case, its back pressure is all 1/2 left and right of the average osmotic pressure of this grade of film two side liquid.But owing to changing along stroke pressure, still need to carry out differential, calculate best back pressure.
In the present embodiment, pressure exchanger is not essential equipment, and other energy-conservation facilities also can be made improvement to system.
In the present embodiment, for the mode that adds back pressure, do not limit.
According to penetration theory, the specific power that postpones pressure permeation is:
W＝L
pA（Δπ-ΔP）ΔP
Wherein, L
pbe water permeability coefficient, A is infiltrating area, and △ π is permeable pressure head, and △ P is impressed pressure, i.e. back pressure.In process of osmosis, △ π and specific power are linear, increase △ π and can obviously increase specific power.
In the present invention, high-concentration and low-concentration solution's solute adopts respectively brine and seawater.When adopting seawater and brine, △ π can be increased, and then W can be increased.In addition, what traditional power generation system adopted conventionally is seawater and fresh water, due to the restriction of natural condition, generally can only go out to install at estuary and utilize, and has its geographical narrow limitation.And can not there is not this problem in brine power generation with sea water system of the present invention, for example, as long as just can in seashore place.Simultaneously, because seawater is widely distributed, resource acquisition is quite convenient, and brine can be processed seawater by solar wind-energy and makes, and makes brine can utilize in this power generation system, further utilize solar wind-energy can make salt, mode with salt stores solar wind-energy, has solved better solar wind-energy unstable, is difficult for the feature storing, add seawater can make denseer brine salt, can utilize in this power generation system and generate electricity again.
Obtaining of brine is very convenient simple, i.e. seawater and brine resource acquisition is convenient, and method simply just, can solve traditional salt error and can utilize resource acquisition difficulty and the relatively high problem of cost relatively.Power generation system of the present invention has huge advantage for the reason of promoting salt error energy, and particularly to the island separated with inland, the generating of this mode can solve the predicament of its generating.
Those skilled in the art will readily understand; the foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention; not in order to limit the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a salt error energy electricity generating device, it adopts respectively brine and seawater as high concentration and low density side medium solution, realizes salt error and can generate electricity, and it is characterized in that, and this device comprises:
Penetrant unit, it comprises by a plurality of permeable membrane devices and being formed in parallel in order to described brine and seawater are divided into the infiltration stage of high concentration side and low density side;
Water turbine, it is corresponding with the high concentration side of described penetrant unit, is connected, in order to drive generator work by coupling with motor;
High concentration side and low density side in described infiltration stage pass into respectively after brine and seawater, described infiltration stage can be transformed into permeable pressure head high concentration side liquid static pressure, and utilize the back pressure of the corresponding size apply in this infiltration stage, can drive each water turbine to rotate and then drive generator work.
2. a kind of salt error energy electricity generating device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described pressure exchanger communicates with the high concentration side of infiltration stage, for reclaiming the pressure energy of the rear high concentration side solution of infiltration, to feed the new soln pressurization of surveying into infiltration stage high concentration.
3. a kind of salt error energy electricity generating device according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described device also comprises a brine pump and a light salt brine pump, is respectively used to brine and seawater to pump into high pressure side and the low voltage side of described infiltration stage.
4. according to a kind of salt error energy electricity generating device described in any one in claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, described device also comprises enrichment facility, and it is arranged on the high concentration side of infiltration stage, for reclaiming the high concentration side solution being diluted through infiltration, for recycling.
5. according to a kind of salt error energy electricity generating device described in any one in claim 1-4, it is characterized in that, described enrichment facility adopts solar energy or wind energy to carry out concentration.
6. according to a kind of salt error energy electricity generating device described in any one in claim 1-5, it is characterized in that, described device also comprises recycle pump, for the solution pump-in pressure exchanger that penetrant unit high concentration side is discharged.
7. a salt error energy classification electricity-generating method, comprising:
Penetrant unit is set, and it comprises by a plurality of permeable membrane devices and being formed in parallel in order to the solution of variable concentrations is divided into the infiltration stage of high concentration side and low density side;
High concentration side and low density side in described infiltration stage pass into respectively after brine and seawater, and by described infiltration stage, permeable pressure head are transformed into high concentration side liquid static pressure,
In infiltration stage, apply the back pressure of corresponding size, according to above-mentioned back pressure, drive the water turbine corresponding with the high concentration side of penetrant unit to rotate, thereby drive generator work.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110805535A (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2020-02-18 | 江苏科技大学 | Temperature difference energy and salt difference energy power generation integrated system based on floating breakwater |
| WO2021165338A1 (en) | 2020-02-17 | 2021-08-26 | Saltpower Holding Aps | Solvation entropy engine |
| CN113315245A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-08-27 | 湖南三力能源科技有限公司 | Energy storage system |
| CN113623024A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-11-09 | 深圳市安泰科能源环保股份有限公司 | Power generation system |
| CN113775503A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-12-10 | 深圳市安泰科能源环保股份有限公司 | Compression mechanism and power generation system |
| CN113833619A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-12-24 | 深圳市安泰科能源环保股份有限公司 | Recyclable osmotic pressure power generation system |
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| CN114810462A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-07-29 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Offshore comprehensive application platform for comprehensively utilizing wind energy, salt difference energy and tidal current energy |
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| US11502323B1 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2022-11-15 | Rahul S Nana | Reverse electrodialysis cell and methods of use thereof |
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| CN110805535B (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2021-08-31 | 江苏科技大学 | Temperature difference energy and salt difference energy power generation integrated system based on floating breakwater |
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| CN113833619A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-12-24 | 深圳市安泰科能源环保股份有限公司 | Recyclable osmotic pressure power generation system |
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| CN114560534A (en) * | 2022-01-19 | 2022-05-31 | 重庆大学 | Power generation and seawater desalination system based on heat penetration principle |
| CN114810462A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-07-29 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Offshore comprehensive application platform for comprehensively utilizing wind energy, salt difference energy and tidal current energy |
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| US11502322B1 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2022-11-15 | Rahul S Nana | Reverse electrodialysis cell with heat pump |
| US11502323B1 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2022-11-15 | Rahul S Nana | Reverse electrodialysis cell and methods of use thereof |
| US11563229B1 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2023-01-24 | Rahul S Nana | Reverse electrodialysis cell with heat pump |
| US11611099B1 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2023-03-21 | Rahul S Nana | Reverse electrodialysis cell and methods of use thereof |
| US11699803B1 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2023-07-11 | Rahul S Nana | Reverse electrodialysis cell with heat pump |
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