CN103611982A - Broach and method for machining rectangular cage pocket through broach - Google Patents
Broach and method for machining rectangular cage pocket through broach Download PDFInfo
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- CN103611982A CN103611982A CN201310617042.5A CN201310617042A CN103611982A CN 103611982 A CN103611982 A CN 103611982A CN 201310617042 A CN201310617042 A CN 201310617042A CN 103611982 A CN103611982 A CN 103611982A
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- broaching
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Abstract
The invention provides a broach and a method for machining a rectangular cage pocket through the broach, and relates to the broach used for broaching the rectangular cage pocket of a roller bearing and the method for machining the rectangular cage pocket through the broach, accordingly, the problems that in the prior art, when a square broach is used for broaching a rectangular cage pocket, the pocket position precision is poor in stability, and a bearing cage is not high in quality. The broach comprises a handle portion, a front guide portion, a rear guide portion and a plurality of broach teeth. The section of the front guide portion is octagonal, every two opposite sides of the octagon are parallel, a plurality of rough broaching teeth are changed to be square four-face cutting edges from octagonal four-face cutting edges, and the broach teeth of the square four-face cutting edges are formed by a plurality of finish broaching teeth. A set of opposite cutting edges of each finish broaching tooth is short edge blades, the other set of opposite cutting edges is long edge blades, and the short edge blades and the long edge blades in the finish broaching teeth are gradually enlarged in the direction from the front guide portion to the rear guide portion with the same rise per tooth until the last finish broaching tooth becomes rectangular. The broach and the method are used for machining the bearing cage pocket.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the broaching tool of using in a kind of roller bearing retainer rectangle pocket hole of broaching and utilize this broaching tool to process the method in retainer rectangle pocket hole, belong to cutting-tool engineering field.
Background technology
Existing employing broaching tool broaching roller bearing retainer pocket hole, is all to broach with square broach in square pocket hole or rectangle pocket hole, and retainer draws the pre-manufactured hole before square hole to be processed as circular hole, by drilling or ream machining, is completed.
When square broach is broached square pocket hole, broaching effect is pretty good, and broaching is during rectangle pocket hole, broaching effect is bad, major embodiment is: one, the poor stability of pocket hole site precision, phase mutual deviation (bottom surface, pocket hole is poor apart from the ultimate range of this side end face of retainer and the minimum range) change frequency that is mainly pocket hole site is large, broaches after several retainers, and phase mutual deviation will occur overproof; Two, the quality of retainer and qualification rate are not high.Broaching rectangle pocket hole occurs that above-mentioned drawback is that cutting force is inhomogeneous because the broaching amount of pocket hole long side direction is too large.
Summary of the invention
There is poor stability and the retainer problem of low quality of pocket hole site precision for solving existing square broach broaching retainer rectangle pocket hole in the present invention, and then a kind of broaching tool is provided and utilizes this broaching tool to process the method in retainer rectangle pocket hole.
The present invention, for addressing the above problem, adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of broaching tool of the present invention comprises shank, front pilot, rear pilot and a plurality of cutter tooth, and a plurality of cutters tooth are mainly comprised of a plurality of rough cut teeth, a plurality of smart cutting teeth and a plurality of finishing teeth;
The section of described front pilot is octagon, relative both sides in octagon are parallel, a plurality of rough cut teeth by four sides sword from all directions gradually transition be four sides, four directions sword, the cutter tooth of four sides, four directions sword consists of a plurality of smart cutting teeths, in each smart cutting teeth, one group of relative blade is minor face sword, other one group of relative blade is long limit sword, the minor face sword in a plurality of smart cutting teeths and long limit sword by front pilot to rear pilot direction respectively etc. rise per tooth increase gradually, until last smart cutting teeth becomes rectangle.
A kind of method of processing retainer rectangle pocket hole of the present invention realizes according to following steps:
The processing of step 1, retainer pre-manufactured hole, retainer draws the pre-manufactured hole before square hole to be processed as elliptical aperture or oblong aperture, and pre-manufactured hole is completed by drilling or hole milling processes;
Step 2, smart cutting teeth reaming, retainer draws square hole to adopt two minor face swords and the intermittent broaching of two long limit swords to process, after finishing, two minor face sword broachings carry out two long limit sword broachings, so loop, expand gradually pre-manufactured hole to slot transition, when the slot of processing is 0.2-0.3mm apart from the four limit size allowances in rectangle pocket hole of design, four sides sword is broached simultaneously, evenly remove residue allowance, processing obtains semi-finished product rectangle pocket hole; Described two minor face sword broachings refer to: when the two minor face sword broaching less flexure planes of elliptical aperture or the broad side surface of oblong aperture, two long limit swords are not broached, and play the guiding role; Described two long limit swords broachings refer to: during the long side surface compared with macrobending face or oblong aperture of two long limit swords broaching elliptical apertures, two minor face swords are not broached, and play the guiding role;
The processing in step 3, finished product rectangle pocket hole, the semi-finished product rectangle pocket hole that step 2 is obtained, finishing teeth is calibrated and smoothing semi-finished product rectangle pocket hole, and finished product rectangle pocket hole machines.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows
The present invention is by improving Broach Design structure and improving process, broaching tool is whole is long eight square broachs, the blade of cutter tooth is four sides sword, four sides sword becomes square shape gradually by the increase of the distance Z between diagonal angle two parallel blade from all directions, minor face sword and long limit sword are increased gradually by front pilot to rear pilot direction, broaching tool of the present invention can reduce the broaching amount of retainer pocket hole short side direction, can reduce the broaching amount of retainer pocket hole long side direction, make broaching tool stressed even in the course of the work, working angles is steady, guarantee rectangle pocket internal broaching precision and precision stability, improve such retainer crudy and passing rate of processing, be proven, pocket internal broaching precision has improved more than 50%, precision stability obviously improves, bottom surface, pocket hole obviously diminishes apart from the ultimate range of this side end face of retainer and poor (phase mutual deviation) change frequency of minimum range, passing rate of processing reaches more than 90%.
Utilize broaching tool of the present invention and processing method, design and machine the rectangle pocket hole broaching tool of 2 nonstandard serial retainers, the present invention's broaching facts have proved, the broaching tool of this structure, can guarantee that rectangle pocket internal broaching precision meets technological requirement in batches completely, accurate values change frequency is little, and broaching process is highly stable.Be applicable to large-scale mass production.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the overall structure front view of the square broach in background technology, and Fig. 2 is the top view of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is the M-M cutaway view of Fig. 1, Fig. 4 is the A-A cutaway view of Fig. 1, Fig. 5 is the B-B cutaway view of Fig. 1, and Fig. 6 is the C-C cutaway view of Fig. 1, and Fig. 7 is the E-E cutaway view of Fig. 1, Fig. 8 is the overall structure front view of broaching tool of the present invention, Fig. 9 is the top view of Fig. 8, and Figure 10 is the D-D cutaway view of Fig. 8, and Figure 11 is the F-F cutaway view of Fig. 8, Figure 12 is the H-H cutaway view of Fig. 8, and Figure 13 is the G-G cutaway view of Fig. 8.
The specific embodiment
The specific embodiment one: in conjunction with Fig. 8-Figure 13 explanation, a kind of broaching tool of present embodiment comprises shank 1, front pilot 2, rear pilot 3 and a plurality of cutter tooth, and a plurality of cutters tooth are mainly comprised of a plurality of rough cut teeth, a plurality of smart cutting teeth 4-1 and a plurality of finishing teeth 4-2;
The section of described front pilot 2 is octagon, relative both sides in octagon are parallel, a plurality of rough cut teeth by four sides sword from all directions gradually transition be four sides, four directions sword, the cutter tooth of four sides, four directions sword consists of a plurality of smart cutting teeth 4-1, in each smart cutting teeth 4-1, one group of relative blade is minor face sword X, other one group of relative blade is long limit sword Y, minor face sword X in a plurality of smart cutting teeth 4-1 and long limit sword Y by front pilot 2 to rear pilot 3 directions respectively etc. rise per tooth increase gradually, until last smart cutting teeth becomes rectangle.
In present embodiment step 1, pre-manufactured hole is processed as elliptical aperture, is conducive to reduce the axially broaching allowance of (short side direction and long side direction) of pocket hole, makes the broaching amount of four faces in pocket hole even.
Present embodiment etc. rise per tooth refer to that adjacent two minor face swords in front and back in the sword of four directions four sides or the rise per tooth of long limit sword equate, the tooth amount of a rear minor face sword or long limit sword becomes arithmetic progression with the tooth amount of previous minor face sword or length limit sword.
The specific embodiment two: in conjunction with Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 explanation, the quantity of finishing teeth 4-2 is at least 10 described in present embodiment.So arrange, be conducive to calibration and the smoothing in rectangle pocket hole, guarantee that rectangle pocket internal broaching precision meets technological requirement.
The specific embodiment three: in conjunction with Fig. 8-Figure 13 explanation, present embodiment utilizes the method in broaching tool processing retainer rectangle pocket hole described in the specific embodiment one or two to realize according to following steps:
The processing of step 1, retainer pre-manufactured hole, retainer draws the pre-manufactured hole before square hole to be processed as elliptical aperture or oblong aperture, and pre-manufactured hole is completed by drilling or hole milling processes;
Step 2, smart cutting teeth reaming, retainer draws square hole to adopt two minor face swords and the intermittent broaching of two long limit swords to process, after finishing, two minor face sword X broachings carry out two long limit sword Y broachings, so loop, expand gradually pre-manufactured hole to slot transition, when the slot of processing is 0.2-0.3mm apart from the four limit size allowances in rectangle pocket hole of design, four sides sword is broached simultaneously, evenly remove residue allowance, processing obtains semi-finished product rectangle pocket hole; Described two minor face sword X broachings refer to: when the two minor face sword X broaching less flexure planes of elliptical aperture or the broad side surface of oblong aperture, two long limit sword Y do not broach, and play the guiding role; Described two long limit sword Y broachings refer to: during the long side surface compared with macrobending face or oblong aperture of two long limit sword Y broaching elliptical apertures, two minor face sword X do not broach, and play the guiding role;
The processing in step 3, finished product rectangle pocket hole, the semi-finished product rectangle pocket hole that step 2 is obtained, finishing teeth 4-2 calibrates and smoothing semi-finished product rectangle pocket hole, and finished product rectangle pocket hole machines.
The specific embodiment four: in conjunction with Fig. 8-Figure 13 explanation, the allowance in the step 2 of present embodiment is 0.2mm.So arrange, be convenient to be shaped and calibration finished product rectangle pocket hole, can meet the requirement of broaching precision.
The specific embodiment five: in conjunction with Fig. 8-Figure 13 explanation, the allowance in the step 2 of present embodiment is 0.25mm.So arrange, be convenient to be shaped and calibration finished product rectangle pocket hole, can meet the requirement of broaching precision.
The specific embodiment six: in conjunction with Fig. 8-Figure 13 explanation, the allowance in the step 2 of present embodiment is 0.3mm.So arrange, be convenient to be shaped and calibration finished product rectangle pocket hole, can meet the requirement of broaching precision.
The specific embodiment seven: in conjunction with Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 explanation, the quantity of the finishing teeth 4-2 described in present embodiment in step 3 is at least 10.So arrange, can to removing the rectangle pocket hole of residue allowance, calibrate and smoothing well.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further illustrate the present invention.
The empty processing of embodiment 1, steel retainer pocket, pocket hole is rectangle, long and is widely respectively 14.3
+ 0.1mm and 12.3
+ 0.1mm.Past processing mode: pre-manufactured hole is of a size of Φ 11.9
+ 0.1mm, adopts and has broached for 6 times.Drawback is: 1. pocket internal broaching difficulty and position qualification rate are low.Because the hole forming after the broaching of first cutter is oval, the front pilot of two cuttves is oval, a little less than the stability of cutter guiding location, the scattered error that is presented as mutual alignment, the semi-finished product pocket hole difference forming after two cutter broachings in process is larger, be generally 0.06mm～0.15mm(finished product pocket hole site phase mutual deviation for being not more than 0.08mm), this brings very large difficulty to follow-up broaching, and bulk article qualification rate can reach 60% left and right; 2. broaching efficiency is low.Within general one day eight hours, can complete approximately 5 retainers.
The broaching tool that adopts all directions of the present invention shape front pilot, processing mode is: it is 12.1 that pre-manufactured hole is of a size of wide
+ 0.05mm, length is 13.1
+ 0.05the oblong aperture of mm, adopts and has broached for 4 times.Advantage is: 1. pocket internal broaching difficulty is little and position qualification rate is high.Because the front pilot of first cutter is shape from all directions, reduce pocket internal broaching surplus, cutter tooth rise per tooth is little, and broaching is steadily; 2. pre-manufactured hole is to strong to the stability of cutter guiding location, in process, be presented as that the poor scattered error in mutual alignment, semi-finished product pocket hole is less, be generally 0.04mm～0.8mm(finished product pocket hole site phase mutual deviation for being not more than 0.08mm), be conducive to follow-up broaching, bulk article qualification rate can reach more than 90%; 3. broaching is high.Within general one day eight hours, can complete approximately 15 retainers.
The processing of embodiment 2, copper cage pocket hole, pocket hole is rectangle, long and is widely respectively 8.7
+ 0.1mm and 6.7
+ 0.1mm.Past processing mode: pre-manufactured hole is of a size of Φ 6.2
+ 0.1mm, adopts and has broached for 1 time.Drawback is: 1. pocket hole site qualification rate is low.Mutual alignment, pocket hole difference presents irregular variation, the position phase mutual deviation in indivedual pockets hole is increased to 0.2mm left and right by 0.04mm～0.05mm suddenly, and below several are returned to again 0.04～0.08mm(finished product pocket hole site phase mutual deviation for being not more than 0.08mm to pocket hole site phase mutual deviation).Process adjustment difficulty is very large.Bulk article qualification rate can reach 20% left and right, not only cannot protect produce and also waste greatly, can only be temporarily by the mode that line cuts, to process 2. production cycles of retainer pocket hole long.Because line cutting processing efficiency is low, this manufacturing procedure is the processing of outer committee simultaneously, and the process-cycle is long.3. manufacturing cost is high.The processing charges of line cutting compares with broaching, and separate room expense should be 20 times of left and right of broaching.
The broaching tool that adopts all directions of the present invention shape front pilot, processing mode is: it is 6 that pre-manufactured hole is of a size of wide
+ 0.1mm, length is 8
+ 0.1the oblong aperture of mm, adopts and has broached for 4 times.Advantage is: 1. pocket internal broaching difficulty is little and position qualification rate is high.Because the front pilot of first cutter is shape from all directions, reduce pocket internal broaching surplus, cutter tooth rise per tooth is little, and broaching is steadily; 2. pre-manufactured hole is to strong to the stability of cutter guiding location, in process, be presented as that the poor scattered error in mutual alignment, semi-finished product pocket hole is less, be generally 0.04mm～0.8mm(finished product pocket hole site phase mutual deviation for being not more than 0.08mm), be conducive to follow-up broaching, bulk article qualification rate can reach more than 90%; 3. broaching is high.Within general one day eight hours, can complete approximately 15 retainers.
The processing in above-mentioned two kinds of material retainer pocket holes is typicalness, the retainer of similar said structure all adopts the processing of broaching tool broaching from all directions at present, process is all correspondingly processed into square pre-manufactured hole by circular pre-manufactured hole, not only guarantee the positional precision in rectangle pocket hole, and raising product percent of pass, improve working (machining) efficiency, cut down finished cost.
Claims (7)
1. a broaching tool, it comprises shank (1), front pilot (2), rear pilot (3) and a plurality of cutter tooth, a plurality of cutters tooth are mainly comprised of a plurality of rough cut teeth, a plurality of smart cutting teeth (4-1) and a plurality of finishing teeth (4-2);
It is characterized in that: the section of described front pilot (2) is octagon, relative both sides in octagon are parallel, a plurality of rough cut teeth by four sides sword from all directions gradually transition be four sides, four directions sword, the cutter tooth of four sides, four directions sword consists of a plurality of smart cutting teeths (4-1), in each smart cutting teeth (4-1), one group of relative blade is minor face sword (X), other one group of relative blade is long limit sword (Y), minor face sword (X) in a plurality of smart cutting teeths (4-1) and long limit sword (Y) by front pilot (2) to rear pilot (3) direction respectively etc. rise per tooth increase gradually, until last smart cutting teeth becomes rectangle.
2. a kind of broaching tool according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the quantity of described finishing teeth (4-2) is at least 10.
3. utilize broaching tool described in claim 1 or 2 to realize a method for retainer rectangle pocket hole processing, it is characterized in that: the method in described processing retainer rectangle pocket hole realizes according to following steps:
The processing of step 1, retainer pre-manufactured hole, retainer draws the pre-manufactured hole before square hole to be processed as elliptical aperture or oblong aperture, and pre-manufactured hole is completed by drilling or hole milling processes;
Step 2, smart cutting teeth reaming, retainer draws square hole to adopt two minor face swords and the intermittent broaching of two long limit swords to process, after finishing, two minor face sword (X) broachings carry out two long limit sword (Y) broachings, so loop, expand gradually pre-manufactured hole to slot transition, when the slot of processing is 0.2-0.3mm apart from the four limit size allowances in rectangle pocket hole of design, four sides sword is broached simultaneously, evenly remove residue allowance, processing obtains semi-finished product rectangle pocket hole; Described two minor face sword (X) broachings refer to: when two minor face sword (X) the broaching less flexure planes of elliptical aperture or the broad side surface of oblong aperture, two long limit swords (Y) are not broached, and play the guiding role; Described two long limit swords (Y) broachings refer to: during the long side surface compared with macrobending face or oblong aperture of two long limit swords (Y) broaching elliptical apertures, two minor face swords (X) are not broached, and play the guiding role;
The processing in step 3, finished product rectangle pocket hole, the semi-finished product rectangle pocket hole that step 2 is obtained, finishing teeth (4-2) is calibrated and smoothing semi-finished product rectangle pocket hole, and finished product rectangle pocket hole machines.
4. a kind of method of processing retainer rectangle pocket hole according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the allowance in step 2 is 0.2mm.
5. a kind of method of processing retainer rectangle pocket hole according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the allowance in step 2 is 0.25mm.
6. a kind of method of processing retainer rectangle pocket hole according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the allowance in step 2 is 0.3mm.
7. according to a kind of method of processing retainer rectangle pocket hole described in claim 3,4,5 or 6, it is characterized in that: the quantity of the finishing teeth in described step 3 (4-2) is at least 10.
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| CN201310617042.5A CN103611982B (en) | 2013-11-27 | 2013-11-27 | A kind of method utilizing broaching tool to process retainer rectangle pocket hole |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310617042.5A CN103611982B (en) | 2013-11-27 | 2013-11-27 | A kind of method utilizing broaching tool to process retainer rectangle pocket hole |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105127507A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2015-12-09 | 成都亨通兆业精密机械有限公司 | Broaching forming method for square holes and use method thereof |
| CN105880947A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-08-24 | 安庆银亿轴承有限公司 | Machining process of bearing retainer |
| CN105945545A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-09-21 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | Machining method for super-lathy rod expanding drill |
| CN106583836A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-04-26 | 中航工业哈尔滨轴承有限公司 | Tool for pocket hole of short cylindrical roller bearing retainer and pocket hole method thereof |
| CN111482775A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-08-04 | 中国航发哈尔滨轴承有限公司 | Method for machining metal solid cage with special-shaped pocket holes |
| CN116275930A (en) * | 2023-03-07 | 2023-06-23 | 江阴塞特精密工具有限公司 | Manufacturing process of external tooth broach |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105127507A (en) * | 2015-08-10 | 2015-12-09 | 成都亨通兆业精密机械有限公司 | Broaching forming method for square holes and use method thereof |
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| CN105945545B (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2018-07-10 | 沈阳飞机工业（集团）有限公司 | A kind of processing method of ultrathin long rod reamer |
| CN106583836A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2017-04-26 | 中航工业哈尔滨轴承有限公司 | Tool for pocket hole of short cylindrical roller bearing retainer and pocket hole method thereof |
| CN111482775A (en) * | 2020-05-09 | 2020-08-04 | 中国航发哈尔滨轴承有限公司 | Method for machining metal solid cage with special-shaped pocket holes |
| CN116275930A (en) * | 2023-03-07 | 2023-06-23 | 江阴塞特精密工具有限公司 | Manufacturing process of external tooth broach |
| CN116275930B (en) * | 2023-03-07 | 2023-09-01 | 江阴塞特精密工具有限公司 | Manufacturing process of external tooth broach |
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