CN103608412A - 绝缘漆和绝缘叠制件 - Google Patents

绝缘漆和绝缘叠制件 Download PDF

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CN103608412A
CN103608412A CN201280021311.5A CN201280021311A CN103608412A CN 103608412 A CN103608412 A CN 103608412A CN 201280021311 A CN201280021311 A CN 201280021311A CN 103608412 A CN103608412 A CN 103608412A
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insulation
lamination
coil
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fold part
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CN103608412B (zh
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J.内尔格斯
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Hitachi Energy Co ltd
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Asea Brown Boveri AB
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种绝缘漆，其具有基础漆和润滑剂添加物。本发明也涉及一种具有基础叠层的绝缘叠制件(12,36)。该基础叠层(14)至少在其平坦的侧边之一上施覆有根据本发明的绝缘漆的层(16,17)。

Description

绝缘漆和绝缘叠制件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种绝缘漆和具有基础叠层(Basislaminatschicht)的绝缘叠制件(Isolationslaminat)。
背景技术
普遍已知的是，旋转的电机或发电机大多具有至少一个由叠片铁心制成的基础元件例如定子，在这种部件运行中出现的磁通在该定子中被引导。在此，借助于叠片铁心的该实施方案主要用于避免或至少减小涡流。
在此，对于这种类型的部件必要的电的线圈导体例如定子线圈大多在线圈槽中被引导，该线圈槽形成为通过相应的叠片铁心的通道形的凹口。该线圈槽在此通常在其边界面处通过平坦的(flächig)绝缘物质被包覆，从而有利地提高在线圈和叠片铁心之间的电绝缘。应用单层的或多层的柔性的扁平绝缘物质(IEC 60626-3)作为绝缘物质。此外，该柔性的绝缘物质可与用于粘接靠着叠片铁心的覆层一起使用或者与用于提高在较高温度下的抗老化性(IEC 60626-3，页502ff)的覆层一起使用。
因此，在制造这种类型的机械或发电机时首先加工相应的叠片铁心或同样其它部件，其中紧接着将相应的线圈导体引入槽中。尤其对于较小的电机例如对于在＜1kW至10kW和更高的功率范围中的马达，线圈导体在被引入相应的线圈槽中时至少部分地被拉动穿过该线圈槽。
然而不利的是，已知的在标准中描述的扁平绝缘物质(Flächenisolationsstoff)具有与材料相关的表面粗糙度，其在自动化的处理时表示限制加工速度的因素。通常，在自动化的加工时首先使槽框(Nutkasten)绝缘并且紧接着线圈与槽封闭部一起被引入。在此，一方面线圈在槽框绝缘部处摩擦并且另一方面槽框绝缘部在槽封闭部处摩擦。与摩擦副的COF(摩擦系数)相关地，可导致绝缘部的损坏，或阻止了绝缘部的引入。
发明内容
基于该现有技术，本发明的目的是，提供扁平绝缘物质或用于其的材料，通过其减小以上描述的摩擦效应。
该目的通过开头提及的类型的绝缘漆实现。该绝缘漆的特征在于作为主要部分的基础漆和添加的润滑剂。典型地，扁平绝缘物质至少单侧地、但是优选地双侧地被涂覆有基础漆，其用于改进抗老化性。但是，该基础漆也在显著的程度上对沿着扁平绝缘物质的表面的摩擦特性有贡献。通过将润滑剂添加到基础漆中提供根据本发明的绝缘漆，该绝缘漆在施加到扁平绝缘物质上之后并在其硬化之后例如由于其作为双组份漆的设计方案以有利的方式使改进的摩擦特性成为可能。
相应于根据本发明的绝缘漆的优选的设计方案，基础漆为聚酯酰亚胺漆或环氧漆(Epoxidlack，有时称为环氧树脂漆)。这种类型的漆即使在没有根据本发明的材料添加剂的情况下(虽然摩擦性能尚可改进)也适合用于涂覆扁平绝缘物质。以优选的方式，这种类型的漆构造成双组份材料，即带有原始漆(Stammlack)和硬化剂，其在被施加之前不久相互混合并且之后硬化。
相应于根据本发明的绝缘漆的另一的设计形式，使用带有根据本发明的绝缘漆的重量份额2%至25%的胺蜡分散物(Amidwachsdispersion)作为润滑剂添加物，其中，从2%至10%的下限范围尤其为优选的。也就是说已表明，为了实现根据本发明的目的更小量的添加剂已经足够。典型地，基础漆和润滑剂添加物互补至100%。
根据本发明的目的也通过一种绝缘叠制件实现，其具有基础叠层，该基础叠层至少在其平坦的侧边中的一个上施覆有根据本发明的绝缘漆的层。理想地使该绝缘漆硬化，因为之后最好地表现出根据本发明的绝缘叠制件的表面的摩擦性能。
根据本发明的润滑剂优选为胺蜡分散物具有这样的性能，即该润滑剂在室温时积聚在干燥的绝缘漆层的表面上并且在大于60℃的温度时移动离开(wegmigrieren)表面，即退回到干燥的绝缘漆层的内部中。这一方面具有的优点是，在将线圈导体引入涂覆有根据本发明的绝缘叠制件的线圈槽中时，存在极其光滑的表面可供使用，通过该表面有利于在拉入线圈导体时的滑动。换句话说，根据本发明在室温时即在从约15℃至30℃的温度范围中优选地在约20℃时进行线圈导体的引入。
但是另一方面，如果包封(Verguss)同样在室温时进行，这种类型的滑动层对于通常随后对被拉入的线圈导体待执行的包封是不利的。通过包封应最终稳定线圈或线圈导体，以实现最终产品例如马达的高的坚固耐用性。因此这种类型的滑动层违抗了包封的目的，因为可能显著减小了包封材料在线圈导体处的附着。
然而典型地这种包封不在室温条件下进行，而是或者利用热的包封材料但是或者也在将相关部件加热到包封材料的干燥温度(例如110℃)上的情况下进行。在这种情况中，滑动层与温度相关地移动到漆层的内部中，并且包封材料可在其硬化期间力配合地与线圈确切说线圈导体相连接。由此，通过包封材料以有利的方式保证了线圈的稳定。
在选择了在处理时或者为了硬化不需要提高的温度的包封材料的前提下，然后必须相应地加热该包封材料。这或者可直接进行，但是或者也可间接地通过加热线圈例如也通过暂时地将短路电流引入可电运行的线圈中实现。
已表明，绝缘漆层在2µm至15µm的范围中的平均厚度在由此实现的滑动和/或绝缘性能方面已证实为尤其有利的。与此相关地，基础叠层的典型的层厚度在90µm至800µm的范围中。基础叠层的下限层厚度范围通过绝缘叠制件的过小的机械的稳定性来限制，上限的层厚度范围通过绝缘叠制件的过小的机械的柔性来限制，从而其不再可无问题地被插入线圈槽中。
相应于其它优选的实施形式，已经在没有根据本发明的润滑剂添加物的情况下用于相似目的的以下的基础叠层已证实为尤其适合用作用于根据本发明的绝缘叠制件的基础叠层材料：
- 压制纸板(Pressspan)/PET膜叠片，
- PET膜/PET无纺织物叠片，
- NOMEX/PET膜叠片，
- NOMEX/聚酰亚胺膜(Polymidfolien)叠片。
对于本领域技术人员来说，NOMEX是尼龙纸的通用的名称。这种类型的叠片典型地是多层的并且在层结构方面为对称的，例如带有2个或3个但是同样多个层。在上述组合中，尤其给出根据本发明的绝缘漆在基础叠层的表面处尤其良好的附着。就此而言应提及的是，基础漆材料优选地为双组份材料，从而对于其硬化需要更低的温度并且滑动层在根据本发明的绝缘漆的干燥阶段期间积聚在漆层的表面处。
根据本发明的目的也通过用于将线圈引入定子或转子的至少一个线圈槽中的方法实现，其包括以下步骤：
·利用根据本发明的绝缘叠制件覆盖至少一个线圈槽，
·将线圈导体在室温条件下引入该至少一个线圈槽中，
·在提高的温度下将线圈导体包封在该至少一个线圈槽中。
已经结合根据本发明的绝缘叠制件解释了该方法的根据本发明的优点。
从其它从属权利要求中可得到其它有利的设计可能性。
附图说明
应根据在图纸中示出的实施例详细描述本发明、其它实施形式和其它优点。
其中：
图1显示了穿过示例性的绝缘叠制件的截面，以及
图2显示了在引入线圈导体时的工作步骤A,B,C。
具体实施方式
图1显示了穿过示例性的根据本发明的绝缘叠制件12的截面10，该绝缘叠制件12带有三层的基础叠层14和两侧的带有绝缘漆层16,17的覆层，该绝缘漆层16,17添加有润滑剂。在这种情况中，绝缘漆层16,17的层厚度分别约为5µm。基础叠层包括由PET无纺织物叠片制成的带有约200µm的层厚度的中间的薄膜层20。两个外部的叠片18,22由PET无纺织物制成并且具有分别50µm的层厚度。
图2以视图30显示了在将线圈导体引入线圈槽中时的示例性的工作步骤A,B,C。在第一图示30A中显示了线圈槽32，其被引入马达的定子的叠片铁心中，例如以其限制面34指出的那样。根据马达尺寸和功率，线圈槽的深度对于例如用于钻孔机或吸尘器的具有较小尺寸的马达例如为1cm至3cm。槽宽度例如在0.5cm至6cm的范围中。但是显而易见地也可设想带有相应的其它槽尺寸的明显更大的马达或发电机。
在图示30B中示出了被插入线圈槽中的折叠的根据本发明的绝缘叠制件36，其具有约200µm的厚度。在该示例中假设小的马达功率和由此同样小的马达电压的情况下，这对于假设最大1kV的电绝缘来说是绝对足够的。
在图示30C中，附加地指出了被插入的线圈线38，其中，导体横截面完全不是成比例的，相反地，应期待带有相应地更小的横截面的线圈导体38的明显更多数量的绕圈。由线圈导体38形成的线圈至少还在另一对称地相对而置的且未显示的线圈槽上延伸。该线圈槽或槽框利用由同样根据本发明的绝缘叠制件制成的槽封闭部40覆盖，然而，出于机械的原因该绝缘叠制件具有稍微更高的层厚度。该线圈可被设定为包封的(vergossen)，从而带有布置在其中的线圈导体38的槽框利用未示出的包封材料填充，通过该包封材料加强了线圈。
参考标号列表
10 穿过示例性的绝缘叠制件的截面
12 绝缘叠制件
14 基础叠层
16 第一绝缘漆层
17 第二绝缘漆层
18 基础叠层的第一层
20 基础叠层的第二层
22 基础叠层的第三层
30 在引入线圈导体时的工作步骤A,B,C
32 示例性的线圈槽的内腔
34 示例性的线圈槽的限制面
36 绝缘叠制件
38 线圈导体
40 槽封闭部

Claims (10)

1. 一种绝缘叠制件(12,36)，具有基础叠层(14)，其中，所述基础叠层(14)至少在其平坦的侧边之一上施覆有绝缘漆的层(16,17)，其特征在于，所述绝缘漆具有基础漆和添加的润滑剂。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的绝缘叠制件，其特征在于，所述基础漆为聚酯酰亚胺漆或环氧漆。
3. 根据权利要求1或2中任一项所述的绝缘叠制件，其特征在于，所述添加物为带有2%至25%的重量份额的胺蜡分散物。
4. 根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的绝缘叠制件，其特征在于，所述基础叠层(14)的平均厚度在80µm至1000µm的范围中。
5. 根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的绝缘叠制件，其特征在于，使所述绝缘漆硬化。
6. 根据权利要求5所述的绝缘叠制件，其特征在于，所述绝缘漆层(16,17)的平均厚度在2µm至15µm的范围中。
7. 根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的绝缘叠制件，其特征在于，使用压制板/PET膜叠片作为基础叠层(14)。
8. 根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的绝缘叠制件，其特征在于，使用PET膜/PET无纺织物叠片作为基础叠层。
9. 根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的绝缘叠制件，其特征在于，使用NOMEX/PET膜叠片作为基础叠层(14)。
10. 根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的绝缘叠制件，其特征在于，使用NOMEX/聚酰亚胺膜叠片作为基础叠层(14)。
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