CN103607732A - Active diagnosis method based on information hiding technology in wireless sensor network - Google Patents

Active diagnosis method based on information hiding technology in wireless sensor network Download PDF

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CN103607732A
CN103607732A CN201310511185.8A CN201310511185A CN103607732A CN 103607732 A CN103607732 A CN 103607732A CN 201310511185 A CN201310511185 A CN 201310511185A CN 103607732 A CN103607732 A CN 103607732A
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肖湘蓉
莫路峰
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Abstract

The invention discloses an active diagnosis method based on the information hiding technology in a wireless sensor network. Various state information collected in the running process of nodes in a wireless sensor network is embedded in a conventionally-collected data packet by using the information hiding technology and is transmitted to a sink node; and a base station uses an extraction algorithm to obtain the state information embedded in the data packet through decoding after receiving the data packet and then analyzes and processes the state information to diagnose a network node fault. Transmission energy consumption in the state information collection process is reduced, no communication bandwidth is occupied, normal work of the sensor network is not affected, influence on normal monitoring data is very small, energy consumption in the network diagnosis process is effectively reduced, and the purpose of energy-efficient diagnosis is achieved.

Description

Active diagnostic method based on Information Hiding Techniques in wireless sensor network
Technical field
The invention belongs to wireless sensor network technology field, relate in particular to a kind of in wireless sensor network the active diagnostic method based on Information Hiding Techniques.
Background technology
Wireless sensor network is to consist of Ad hoc mode a large amount of sensor nodes that are deployed in sensing region, the real time information of node cooperation ground monitoring, perception, sampling and processing monitoring target or environment, and the information of obtaining is processed, with wireless relay communication mode, send corresponding data processing centre or base station to.Enormous amount, uncontrollable node deployment are being difficult to close adverse circumstances, or even hostile area that cannot be approaching, and sensor node very easily damages or suffer artificial destruction; The finite energy that node carries, because of power supply, to exhaust the phenomenon losing efficacy very general, and the rate of breakdown of wireless sensor network is more much higher than general cable network.The fault of wireless sensor network produces and conventionally has unpredictability, as node element fault, power supply energy exhaust, network wrecks, or the fault such as radio frequency conflict, clock that extraneous various disturbing factor causes are asynchronous, dropout and software error.The microminiaturization of sensor node and low cost cause computational speed, power supply energy, communication capacity and memory space all very limited, on the other side is that node random placement, the dynamic ,Wu of network topology center self-organizing, wireless channel are unstable, and these reasons and performances that fault is produced are more complicated.
The progress of failure diagnosis in wireless sensor network technology is relatively backward, one of three challenges that " examine to sentence and lose force " has been considered on a large scale, long-term wireless sensor network application system of disposing faces.For the fault occurring in wireless sensor network, the means that lack the states such as Obtaining Accurate node state, fault, energy and dormancy, when particularly abnormal cisco unity malfunction appears in network, be more difficult to the dynamic change situation of real-time assessment communication bandwidth and data transmission capabilities.Fault diagnosis technology is discovering network fault, raising network service quality in time, real-time grasp network state played an important role, and be the strong backing that guarantees the normal operation of wireless sensor network.
Although there are at present many research work, the fault diagnosis technology of wireless sensor network lags far behind its application, also has very large shortcoming, exists a lot of challenging problems urgently to be resolved hurrily.Active fault diagnosis technology has advantages of that failure diagnosis accuracy rate is high, but exist, obtains more than the consumption of network state information energy and the large deficiency of traffic load, may cause thus network congestion, affect network normal operation.The advantage of formula diagnostic techniques if take the initiative, collecting network information targetedly, can avoid again deficiency to obtain energy consumption and the network congestion causing in diagnostic message process, by very favourable to the failure diagnosis of wireless sensor network, be applicable to low consumption, efficient application demand.
In active fault diagnosis technology, obtaining of network state information is generally that manager sends poll instruction in base station, is distributed in wireless sensor network node everywhere the control command required information exchange in ，Ba center that responds is crossed Internet Transmission and returned.There is the deficiency that energy consumption is large, take transmission bandwidth in this process, may cause because of the collection of diagnostic message network congestion, node energy consumption to increase, and then shorten node life cycle, produce new fault.Existing research center of gravity mainly concentrates on by choosing most important state information and information fusion, to reduce the communication overhead of this process.Therefore,, in active fault diagnosis technology, the low consumption that diagnostic message is collected is key issue urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Summary of the invention
Information Hiding Techniques has hidden and feature low complex degree, and the information being embedded in carrier data does not increase traffic load, can effectively solve the problem that communicating state information takies communication flows.Inspired by this, for overcoming the above-mentioned shortcoming of prior art, the invention provides the active diagnostic method based on Information Hiding Techniques in a kind of wireless sensor network, the various state informations of collecting in node running in wireless sensor network, application message concealing technology is embedded into transmission in the conventional packet gathering and returns; Base station receives after packet, utilizes extraction algorithm can obtain being embedded in the state information in packet, more further network state information is analyzed and processed, and diagnoses out the running status of nodes.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: the active diagnostic method based on Information Hiding Techniques in a kind of wireless sensor network, comprises the steps:
A, the sensor node being distributed in network gather monitoring target information and node status information;
B, state information is embedded in routine data;
The packet of C, embedding diagnostic message is by the node forwarded hop-by-hop in wireless sensor network, until be sent to base station;
Monitoring Data in D, base station stored packet, and extract the state information wherein embedding;
The node status information that E, utilization are extracted, in computing network, the successful packet receiving rate of each node, tries to achieve state correlation matrix to the lower node of wherein packet receiving rate, by correlation matrix feature is found out to malfunctioning node
The information that in steps A, sensor node gathers, comprises monitoring target information and for the node status information of network diagnosis, particular content comprises:
The information of A1, routine monitoring object, comprising: temperature, illumination, voltage;
A2, for the network state information of failure diagnosis, comprising: antenna is opened number of times, antenna opening time, the node number of giving out a contract for a project, data packet retransmission number of times, successful packet receiving number, repeats packet receiving number, father node change number of times, release tasks number, the number of executing the task.
The application that relevant information is concrete to sensor network is relevant, comprises following content, but not only for so.
Step B is further comprising the steps:
B1, the node status information described in claim 2-A2 is encoded;
B2, by the data after coding, application message hidden algorithm is embedded in the Monitoring Data that node gathers by turn, the operating process of embedding has:
B2-1. treat each of embedding data, in conjunction with node ID number and packet, ask cryptographic Hash, if its value is 1, go to step B2-2; Otherwise go to step B2-3;
B2-2. get last position in the data that node gathers, change this place value into 1;
B2-3. repeating step B2-1 and B2-1, until complete the embedding of whole codings.
B3, will complete Monitoring Data after embed processing according to predefined form generated data bag;
The packet that B4, transmission generate is to the node of down hop.
In step C, embedding Packet Generation after the diagnostic message node to down hop, then forward by being distributed in other node hop-by-hops in network monitor region, until be sent to base station.
Step D is further comprising the steps:
Originate according to packet in D1, base station, by the Monitoring Data in time window, node ID number and data content classification storage packet;
D2, the application extraction algorithm that hides Info extract the data that node embeds from Monitoring Data, and extracting operating process has:
D2-1. read successively the numerical value of Monitoring Data last position, if its value is 1, go to step D2-2; Otherwise go to step D2-3;
D2-2. according to node ID number and packet, ask cryptographic Hash, draw the bit value of embedding;
D2-3. the bit value extracting is 0;
D2-4. repeating step D2-1～D2-3, until complete the extraction that embeds information in this packet.
D3, the data decode extracting is also separated, obtains the network state information that egress gathers.
Step e is further comprising the steps:
E1. according to the state information obtained, calculate base station to network in the successful packet receiving rate (packet receiving rate=successful packet receiving Turns Per Knot point give out a contract for a project number) of each node;
E2. when the packet receiving rate that has a node lower than network in the average of other node packet receiving rates while surpassing 10%, tentatively assert that node is abnormal, recycling network state correlation matrix is done further diagnosis;
E3. the network state information that utilizes base station to obtain, to obtaining its state correlation matrix C (m, t) in time window t by abnormal node;
E4. the absolute value of upper triangular portions data in the state correlation matrix C (m, t) of node m is averaged, when average during lower than threshold tau (τ gets 0.9 conventionally, also can according to actual conditions adjustment) draws the result that this node running status is abnormal.
Beneficial effect of the present invention comprises:
1. the present invention carries out the required state information of failure diagnosis by being distributed in wireless sensor network node active obtaining everywhere, diagnostic message does not need to do extra collection, just, by the statistics of node processing work is obtained, do not need extra equipment, on the normal operation impact of node seldom;
2. the present invention carries out the required state information of failure diagnosis and jointly participates in by being distributed in monitored area all sensor nodes everywhere, and there is the characteristic being evenly distributed, the high advantage of accuracy of the formula of can taking the initiative diagnosis, again because diagnostic message does not gather the burden of bringing to network;
3. the network state information that the present invention obtains is to be embedded in routine data to transmit, the carrier information sensory effects and the use value that do not affect, in transmitting procedure, do not occupy the space of packet, also just not because transmitting the expense of diagnostic message, correspondingly save transmission energy consumption and communication bandwidth, there is energy efficient.
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the wireless sensor network model schematic diagram that the present invention adopts;
Fig. 2 is data telescopiny schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the leaching process schematic diagram that hides Info;
Active diagnostic method schematic flow sheet based on Information Hiding Techniques in the wireless sensor network that Fig. 4 provides for the specific embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is wireless sensor network model schematic diagram, and the network model that the present invention adopts is: n sensor node random placement is in the rectangle monitored area of a L ╳ L, and aggregation node is at the upper triangle of monitored area.Wireless sensor node in network is in deployment afterwards by Ad hoc mode networking, and other nodes in node communication radius can be used as neighbor node and carry out data communication.
Sensor node adopts low energy consumption to intercept (LPL, Low Power Listening) working method, and, within a work period (Duty Cycle), node has resting state and operating state two states.For conserve energy, the node most of the time is in sleep state; Image data is to wake up according to the predefined time, proceeds to operating state, and to surrounding enviroment perception and image data, the line correlation of going forward side by side is processed.Sleeping nodes periodically detects radiofrequency signal, when having radio frequency activity request, is waken up, and carries out exchanges data with other nodes, as reception, forwarding data bag etc.
Fig. 2 is data telescopiny schematic diagram.When embedding, use Information Hiding Algorithms Em and key K, will treat that embedding information M is embedded in carrier information C, form containing year confidential information C' hiding Info.C' is very close with C, shows very little to initial carrier of embedding information, does not affect the normal use of image data.
Fig. 3 is the leaching process schematic diagram that hides Info.", use key K to C " application fetches algorithm Ex by carrying confidential information C after transmission, can extract the information M' of embedding.C' may stand the interference of interchannel noise in transmission, recipient, may need to carry out correcting data error, to guarantee receiving data wrong in the situation that, still can better extract to hiding Info, or can extract after error correction.
The main thought of the specific embodiment of the invention is, is distributed in wireless sensor node in monitored area when data acquisition state, not only gathers the information of monitoring target, simultaneously the required network state information of acquisition of diagnostic also.After obtaining required various information, carry out embedding operation, network state information be embedded in packet, send packet to next-hop node, by other node forwarded hop-by-hop in network until base station; When convergence center receives the packet that network is passed back, can obtain the information of monitoring target, and the extraction hiding Info operation, the state information that goes out to embed from extracting data, recycles these information network is carried out to real-time diagnosis.As shown in Figure 4, this method for diagnosing faults comprises the following steps:
Step S201: node gathers monitoring target information and network state information, and state information is embedded in routine data bag.
In this step, node gathers two class data: a class is the information of monitoring target, is included as temperature (T), intensity of illumination (I) and voltage (V); Another kind of is network state information, comprises that antenna opens number of times (Rn), antenna opening time (Rt), the node number (Pt) of giving out a contract for a project, data packet retransmission number of times (Pr), successful packet receiving number (Ps), father node change number of times (Fc), release tasks number (S), the number (E) of executing the task.
The length of monitoring target data T, I and V is 16bit, and the length of network state information is 4bit.
Because the information content of monitoring target is less, and network state information quantity is relatively many, for there being the embedding of enough space completion status information, and as far as possible little to the Accuracy of initial data, needing to increase carrier information is quantity.While getting the position, end of Monitoring Data when embedding data, embed 36bit information, need the carrier data of 36*16=576bit, i.e. the data of 12 collection period; If get two, the end of Monitoring Data, embed 36bit information, need the carrier data of 36*16/2=288bit, i.e. the data of 6 collection period.For expanding embedding capacity, two, the end of getting carrier data is used as and embeds, the informational needs of 288bit gathers 6 times, therefore establishing network state information collection period is T, the collection period of node monitoring target information is t, have accordingly T=t*6, in a state acquisition period T, comprise 6 times object collection period t[1], t[2] ... t[6].If high to Diagnostic Time or data precision requirement, after can dealing with state information by other high efficient coding modes, embed again to improve code efficiency, can increase embedding capacity.
Node completes after the network state information data acquisition of one-period, state information need be embedded in monitoring target information, below the main process of recommended information embedding operation (Embedding):
1. the network state information of pair collection is encoded, and Ec=Rn//Rt//Pt//Pr//Ps//Pd//Fc//S//E(" // " represents Connection operator);
The monitoring target information of pair collection carry out preliminary treatment C=T (t[1]) //I (t[1]) //V (t[1]) // ... //T (t[6]) //I (t[6]) //V (t[6]), (t[1], t[2] represent this state acquisition corresponding object collection period in the cycle);
3.i=1；
4. get one by one the i position e[i that treats embedding state encoding Ec], in conjunction with node ID number, key K, ask cryptographic Hash e[i] '=Hash (e[i], ID, K), (i=1 ..., 36);
5. if e[i] '=1, the 5th step turned; Otherwise turn the 6th step;
6. if i is odd number, by C[16*DIV (i+1,2)-1] replace with 1; If i is even number, C[16*DIV (i+1,2)] replace with 1, (the embedded position in support C is followed successively by 15,16,31,32 ..., 287,288);
7.i=i+1, turns the 4th step, and repeating step 4～7 embeds (i=36) until complete whole codings;
8. by completing the Monitoring Data C ' embedding after processing, according to predefined form generated data bag, also send.
Step S202: the packet that has embedded diagnostic message is sent to base station by wireless sensor network node forwarded hop-by-hop.Node completes after the work of a collection period, sends data to the node of down hop, introduces the main process of package forward (Relaying) below:
1. the down hop neighbours of this node are waken up from LPL state, receive the packet that previous dive node sends;
2. in the transmission path in packet, add self No. ID;
3. from neighbor list, choose nearest idle node, send packet to next-hop node;
Repeating step 1～3 until data packet transmission to destination address (aggregation node).
Step S203: base station receives and store the Monitoring Data in packet, extracts the network state information wherein embedding.Base station receives nodes and forwards after next data, according to the source node of mark in packet, obtains packet source for No. ID, by the Monitoring Data in node ID number classification storage packet.Owing to the present invention seeks to carry out network fault diagnosis, therefore the further processing of Monitoring Data is not described in detail, below article state information extract the main process of operation (Detecting):
1. extract preliminary treatment: from individual data bag, read successively the numerical value at two, Monitoring Data end, leave in (36bit altogether) in R;
2.i=1, by turn in R separated from packet every carry out extraction code operation;
3. if R[i]=1, decoding obtains d[i]=Hash (R[i], ID, K), (i=1 ..., 36); If R[i]=1, d[i]=0;
4.i=i+1, turns the 3rd step, and repeating step 3 and 4 is until complete the decoding (i=36) to embedding information in R;
5. preserve the data d extracting, obtain the node status information that node obtains in corresponding time window.
Step S204: to network state information analysis and processing, carry out diagnose network faults.Introduce the main process that utilizes network state information to diagnose below:
1. the data of utilizing base station to obtain, calculate base station to network in the successful packet receiving rate (packet receiving rate=successful packet receiving Turns Per Knot point give out a contract for a project number) of each node;
When have node packet receiving rate lower than network in the average of other node packet receiving rates while surpassing 10%, tentatively assert that node is abnormal, recycling network state correlation matrix is done further diagnosis;
3. the network state information that the state correlation matrix C (m, t) of node m in time window t obtained by base station builds, and computational methods are as follows:
C ( m , t ) c m , t ( 1,1 ) c m , t ( 1,2 ) . . . c m , t ( 1 , n ) c m , t ( 2,1 ) c m , t ( 2,2 ) . . . c m , t ( 2 , n ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . c m , t ( n , 1 ) c m , t ( n , 2 ) . . . c m , t ( n , n )
Wherein, c m,t(u, v) is the coefficient correlation of node m state information u and state information v in time window t, is calculated as follows:
c m , t ( u , v ) = Σ i = 1 k s u , ( t - 1 ) * k + i s v , ( t - 1 ) * k + i - n μ u . k μ v , k ( n - 1 ) σ u , k σ v , k = k Σ i = 1 k s u , ( t - 1 ) * k + i s v , ( t - 1 ) * k + i - Σ i = 1 k s u , ( t - 1 ) * k + i Σ i = 1 k s v , ( t - 1 ) * k + i k Σ i = 1 k s 2 u , ( t - 1 ) * k + i - ( Σ i = 1 k s u , ( t - 1 ) * k + i ) 2 k Σ i = 1 k s 2 v , ( t - 1 ) * k + i - ( Σ i = 1 k s v , ( t - 1 ) * k + i ) 2
Time window t correspondence is from collection period (t-1) * k+1 to the cycle t*k time period, and in a time window, node obtains k state information bag altogether, contains n state information, s in each state information bag u, (t-1) * k+i(t-1) * k+i(i=1 ..., state information u(u=1 k) constantly obtaining ..., n).
4. in the state correlation matrix C (m, t) of couple node m, the absolute value of upper triangle element is averaged, when average can be assert node abnormal (threshold value is empirical data, and τ gets 0.9 conventionally, also can according to actual conditions adjustment) during lower than threshold tau.
Element in upper triangle element dactylus dotted state correlation matrix more than diagonal, and repeat element and cornerwise complete 1 element of the lower triangular portions of removal.
The state correlation matrix C (m, t) of node is a square formation, and the number of ranks equates; C (m, t) or a symmetrical matrix, take diagonal as symmetry axis simultaneously, and the element in matrix in upper triangle (element of the above part of diagonal) is symmetrical with the element in lower triangle, and the element value on diagonal is 1 entirely.Therefore,, when node state is diagnosed, the element in consideration in triangle can represent the characteristic of whole matrix.
Under node reference performance, in correlation matrix, the absolute value of element approaches 1, shows data height correlation; When node is abnormal, in correlation matrix, the absolute value of element diminishes, and more approaches the abnormal possibility of 0 o'clock node larger.
Adopt technical scheme of the present invention, the collection of network state information participates in jointly by the sensor node being distributed in network, has the uniform feature of data sampling.Meanwhile, status data transmits by being embedded in Monitoring Data, does not take limited communication bandwidth, do not increase the transport overhead of nodes simultaneously yet, the characteristic with low consumption, has overcome the large deficiency of active diagnostic method expense, meets the efficient requirement of energy of wireless sensor network.
The above; be only preferably embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, any people who is familiar with this technology is in the disclosed technical scope of the present invention; the variation that can expect easily or replacement, within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention is as the criterion with the protection range of claim.

Claims (7)

1. the active diagnostic method based on Information Hiding Techniques in wireless sensor network, is characterized in that, comprises following performing step:
Steps A. the node being distributed in network gathers monitoring target information and node status information;
Step B. is embedded into the packet for transmission of monitoring object information by node status information;
The packet that step C. embeds after state information passes through the node forwarded hop-by-hop in wireless sensor network, until be sent to base station;
Step D. base station receives after packet, stores Monitoring Data wherein, and therefrom extracts the state information of embedding;
Step e. network state information is analyzed and processed, diagnose out the running status of nodes.
2. the active diagnostic method based on Information Hiding Techniques in wireless sensor network as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in steps A, node gathers monitoring target information and for the node status information of network diagnosis, particular content comprises:
A1. monitoring target information is the object information that node passes through to settle transducer thereon to gather, and comprising: temperature, illumination, voltage;
A2. node status information is obtained by the program counter on sensor node, and content comprises: antenna is opened number of times, antenna opening time, the node number of giving out a contract for a project, data packet retransmission number of times, successful packet receiving number, repeats packet receiving number, father node change number of times, release tasks number, the number of executing the task.
3. the active diagnostic method based on Information Hiding Techniques in wireless sensor network as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in step B, network state information is embedded in routine monitoring information, comprises the following steps:
B1. node status information is encoded;
B2. by the node status information code after coding, exploit information hidden algorithm is embedded in monitoring target information data by turn;
B3. will complete Monitoring Data after embed processing according to predefined form generated data bag;
B4. send the packet of generation to the node of down hop.
4. the active diagnostic method based on Information Hiding Techniques in a wireless sensor network as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the Packet Generation in step C after handle embedding node status information is to the node of down hop, again by being distributed in other node forwarded hop-by-hop in radio sensor network monitoring region, until be sent to base station.
5. the active diagnostic method based on Information Hiding Techniques in wireless sensor network as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in step D, the packet that base station the receives nodes collection line correlation of going forward side by side is processed, and comprises the following steps:
D1. according to packet source, by time window, node ID number and data content, classify and store the Monitoring Data in packet;
D2. use the extraction algorithm that hides Info, from Monitoring Data, extract successively hiding Info of embedding, and to the data decode extracting;
D3. after completing extraction, obtain node status information, partial node and time window storage.
6. the active diagnostic method based on Information Hiding Techniques in a wireless sensor network as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in step e, the network state information extracting from packet is analyzed and processed, and diagnostic network node running status, comprises the following steps:
E1. according to the state information obtained, the successful packet receiving rate of each node in computing network, packet receiving rate=successful packet receiving Turns Per Knot point number of giving out a contract for a project;
E2. when the packet receiving rate that has a node lower than network in the average of other node packet receiving rates while surpassing 10%, tentatively assert that node is abnormal, the state correlation matrix of recycling node is done further diagnosis;
E3. the network state information that utilizes base station to obtain, to obtaining its state correlation matrix C (m, t) in time window t by abnormal node m;
E4. the absolute value of upper triangle element in the state correlation matrix C (m, t) of node m is averaged, when average lower than set threshold tau time, think that this node running status is abnormal.
7. according to the active diagnostic method based on Information Hiding Techniques in wireless sensor network claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, also comprise: when the node status information of extracting from packet is analyzed and processed, except node status information, also use the information in routine data bag, comprising: source data packet node ID number, neighbor node number, the node ID number of data transmission procedure, package number.
CN201310511185.8A 2013-10-25 2013-10-25 Active diagnosis method based on information hiding technology in wireless sensor network Pending CN103607732A (en)

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