CN103606954A - Novel grid-connected photovoltaic power generation control method - Google Patents

Novel grid-connected photovoltaic power generation control method Download PDF

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CN103606954A
CN103606954A CN201310610087.XA CN201310610087A CN103606954A CN 103606954 A CN103606954 A CN 103606954A CN 201310610087 A CN201310610087 A CN 201310610087A CN 103606954 A CN103606954 A CN 103606954A
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inverter
output
power
control
grid
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朱昊
韦钢
翟春荣
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Shanghai University of Electric Power
University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Abstract

The invention relates to a novel grid-connected photovoltaic power generation control method. Control refers to a power control link and a double-loop control link. In the power control link, the frequency and a reference signal of the voltage amplitude of a grid system are acquired according to drooping characteristics, the set drooping characteristics are automatically tracked through a PI controller, and then the purpose of controlling active power and reactive power to be output is achieved based on double-ring control of the active-disturbance-rejection technology. According to the grid-connected photovoltaic power generation control method based on the active-disturbance-rejection technology, designed steps are simple, an active-disturbance-rejection structure is strong in disturbance resistance ability, balance tracking of power under photovoltaic grid connected modes can be achieved, no-difference adjusting of the frequency and the voltage amplitude can be achieved, and operation reliability and safety of a photovoltaic grid-connected system are improved. The control method has general significance, is wide in application range and provides a new concept for controlling complex nonlinear controlled objects.

Description

A kind of Novel photovoltaic control method of generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of micro-power grid control technology, particularly a kind of Novel photovoltaic control method of generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems.
Background technology
Photovoltaic generation (PVG) interconnection technology is the focus of studying both at home and abroad at present.PVG system is incorporated into the power networks and can improves reliability, minimizing peak-valley difference and the system reserve etc. of mains supply.
In grid-connected photovoltaic system, the tracking of electrical network is controlled to the operational efficiency that is directly connected to the output quality of power supply and system, be core and the key problem in technology of system.But due to photovoltaic generation, be subject to the impact of the uncertain factors such as weather, illumination, so its power output has the features such as fluctuation, discontinuity.In photovoltaic generating system, can add energy storage device, reasonably regulate the power output of photovoltaic generation.
The object of grid-connected control is to keep grid-connected system voltage magnitude and frequency to move in set point, and the equilibrium of supply and demand of micro-grid system power, meets photovoltaic parallel in system power supply reliability, workload demand.But the control effect of current control method is all undesirable.
The present invention considers the limitation of traditional permanent power control strategy, the sagging Poewr control method of a kind of active disturbance rejection is proposed, be applied in grid-connected photovoltaic system, realize the balance of the power under parallel network power generation pattern and follow the tracks of control, and frequency and voltage non differential regulation, guarantee the stable operation of provincialism grid-connected photovoltaic system.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be directed to the circumscribed problem of traditional permanent power control strategy, a kind of Novel photovoltaic control method of generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems is proposed, be applied in grid-connected photovoltaic system, realize the balance of the power under parallel network power generation pattern and follow the tracks of control, and frequency and voltage non differential regulation, guarantee the stable operation of provincialism grid-connected photovoltaic system.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of Novel photovoltaic control method of generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems, photovoltaic grid-connected generating control system comprises photovoltaic cell, inverter, filter, circuit, controller, load and power distribution network, controller comprises droop control part, the dicyclo control section based on auto-disturbance rejection technology and space vector pulse width modulation circuit, photovoltaic cell DC side output voltage, converts three-phase alternating current to through space vector pulse width modulation; Inverter output is passed through lCfilter filtering high order harmonic component powering load connects power distribution network by switch simultaneously; By load and net electric current sum
Figure 737663DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
with load voltage
Figure 491993DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
send into controller and carry out power calculation, the actual output of controller output inverter is gained merit and reactive power ,
Figure 690073DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
, the voltage magnitude of inverter and frequency output valve
Figure 119917DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
with
Figure 361543DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
, reference power is meritorious and idle value
Figure 558038DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
,
Figure 201509DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
meritorious and the reactive power with the actual output of inverter
Figure 536675DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
,
Figure 468859DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
send into droop control part, the voltage reference signal that droop control partly calculates
Figure 547673DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
,
Figure 45651DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
send the control section of the dicyclo based on auto-disturbance rejection technology, the dicyclo control section output voltage signal based on auto-disturbance rejection technology
Figure 817298DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
to space vector pulse width modulation circuit, space vector pulse width modulation circuit is controlled inverter circuit and is adjusted three-phase alternating current output.
Described droop control partly calculates: with reference to active power value
Figure 954887DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
with inverter real output
Figure 837392DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
after send proportioner , proportioner output and inverter frequency output valve
Figure 70108DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
be added rear and inverter actual output frequency frelatively, comparative result send PI controller from motion tracking phase angle theta; Simultaneously with reference to reactive power value
Figure 508042DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
with the actual output reactive power of inverter after send proportioner
Figure 401229DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
, the voltage magnitude of proportioner output and inverter
Figure 701629DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
be added rear and inverter actual output voltage amplitude
Figure 626860DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
relatively, comparative result send PI controller automatic track reference voltage magnitude
Figure 851168DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
; By track reference voltage magnitude
Figure 584768DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
and phase angle theta, calculate inverter control signal d-axis and quadrature axis component.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the Novel photovoltaic of the present invention control method of generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems, parallel network power generation control method based on auto-disturbance rejection technology, design procedure is simple, Active Disturbance Rejection Control structure has stronger antijamming capability, can realize the balance of the power under grid-connected pattern follows the tracks of, and the non differential regulation of frequency and voltage magnitude, strengthened operational reliability and the fail safe of photovoltaic parallel in system.。And this control method has general meaning, applied widely, for the control of complex nonlinear controlled device provides new thinking.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is this second-order linearity Active Disturbance Rejection Control structure chart;
Fig. 2 is this power control structure figure;
Fig. 3 is this generating current voltage dicyclo control structure figure;
Fig. 4 is this dicyclo control structure figure based on auto-disturbance rejection technology;
Fig. 5 is the photovoltaic grid-connected generating control system structure chart that the present invention is based on auto-disturbance rejection technology;
Fig. 6 is photovoltaic grid-connected generating control system simulation model figure of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is grid-connected photovoltaic system active power of output curve chart of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is grid-connected photovoltaic system output reactive power curve chart of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is photovoltaic power generation grid-connecting system frequency comparison of wave shape figure of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention uses Auto Disturbances Rejection Control Technique to design parallel network power generation controller, and realize the balance of the power under parallel network power generation pattern and follow the tracks of control, and frequency and voltage non differential regulation, guarantee the stable operation of provincialism grid-connected photovoltaic system.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
(1) build second-order linearity automatic disturbance rejection controller:
For the complexity of automatic disturbance rejection controller parameter tuning, a kind of linearizing automatic disturbance rejection controller is proposed.If the uncertain object of a class is
Figure 869119DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
, wherein,
Figure 281646DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
for input, y is output, dfor constant coefficient, wfor external disturbance. be yderivative.
External disturbance is added in system dynamic model, can change into:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
Structural regime spatial model:
Wherein,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
derivative for state variable , xfor state variable; ffor disturbance variable.
System linearity extended state observer LESO can be expressed as:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
Wherein,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
the gain vector that represents observer;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
the state vector that represents observer, b 0the coefficient matrix that represents input signal.
Second-order linearity automatic disturbance rejection controller structure, as Fig. 1 second-order linearity Active Disturbance Rejection Control structure chart.Wherein,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE062
;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE066
;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE068
the bandwidth of observer,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE070
the bandwidth of controller,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE072
it is controlled quentity controlled variable.The design of second-order linearity automatic disturbance rejection controller needs to regulate
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE074
, ,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE076
three parameters, have simplified the parameter tuning process of controller greatly.
(2) the parallel network power generation controller based on auto-disturbance rejection technology:
Droop control structure based on auto-disturbance rejection technology is comprised of two parts, is respectively power control loop joint and dicyclo controlling unit.Power control loop joint obtains the frequency of network system and the reference signal of voltage magnitude by droop characteristic, and the droop characteristic that adopts PI controller to set from motion tracking reaches the object of controlling active power of output and reactive power then.
Droop control strategy often adopts electric current and voltage dicyclo control program.Outer voltage guarantees the stable of output voltage; Current inner loop is follow current signal in time, accelerates the dynamic response process of inverter, guarantees the requirement of the quality of power supply.Because capacitance current has good inhibitory action to load disturbance, therefore adopt capacitive current inner ring outer voltage to control.
Power control structure figure as shown in Figure 2,
Figure 198884DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
with be respectively voltage magnitude and the frequency reference value of inverter;
Figure 513191DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
with
Figure 85118DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
be respectively voltage magnitude and the frequency output valve of inverter. p nwith prespectively fiducial value and the real output value of inverter unit active power;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE080
with
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE082
respectively fiducial value and the real output value of inverter unit reactive power.Generally reactive power reference value is 0;
Figure 103758DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
with for sagging coefficient, wherein
Figure 766001DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
for negative value.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE084
with
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE086
be respectively control signal d-axis and quadrature axis component.Power control loop joint obtains the reference signal of mains frequency and voltage magnitude by droop characteristic
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE088
,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE090
, the droop characteristic that adopts PI controller to set from motion tracking, then reaches to control to export and gains merit and reactive power
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE094
object.
As Fig. 3 electric current and voltage dicyclo control structure figure.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE096
for dicyclo is controlled reference voltage amplitude direct axis component;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE098
for dicyclo is controlled voltage magnitude direct axis component;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE100
for dicyclo is controlled voltage magnitude quadrature axis component;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE102
for dicyclo is controlled reference voltage amplitude quadrature axis component; for dicyclo is controlled current signal direct axis component;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE106
for dicyclo is controlled current signal quadrature axis component;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE108
for SVPWM modulated voltage signal direct axis component;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE110
for SVPWM modulated voltage signal quadrature axis component. i d, i qrepresent actual current signal d-axis and quadrature axis component, ω C f, ω l frepresent respectively voltage signal and current signal feed-forward coefficients, effect is respectively the d-axis of voltage, current signal and quadrature axis component to be carried out to decoupling zero, and direct axis component and quadrature axis component are independent of each other.
As the dicyclo control structure figure of Fig. 4 based on auto-disturbance rejection technology.In the control of current/voltage dicyclo, outer voltage adopts Auto Disturbances Rejection Control Technique; Current inner loop adopts capacitance current instantaneous value proportional control, adds electric voltage feed forward link, to suppress the impact of inverter output voltage on micro-electrical network simultaneously.Wherein,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE112
for voltage given signal;
Figure 340071DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
for output voltage signal;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE114
for given value of current signal;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE116
for inductor current signal;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE118
for capacitance current signal;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE120
with
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE122
compare formation control amount after electric current P adjuster ;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE126
for SPWM inverter transfer function.
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE128
for inverter output voltage signal;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE130
for electric capacity;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE132
for inductance; for current disturbing signal, CS is electric voltage feed forward link; S is complex frequency domain variable; LESO is extended state observer.
By the control of auto-disturbance rejection technology, in the short period of time, inverter output current can be stablized very soon.With conventional PI control comparison, the inverter output current under Active Disturbance Rejection Control can steadily be realized grid-connected object.When system exists from outside or internal disturbance, may cause grid-connected impulse current.The antijamming capability that Auto Disturbances Rejection Control Technique is stronger, the safe operation that can be system provides safeguard.
Adopt current/voltage dicyclo to control, introduce Active Disturbance Rejection Control link, current inner loop follow current is controlled, outer voltage adopts Active Disturbance Rejection Control, load front voltage signal and voltage given signal enter automatic disturbance rejection controller, automatic disturbance rejection controller output and the acting in conjunction of electric voltage feed forward link are controlled output as outer voltage, the capacitance current signal of given value of current signal, collection and outer voltage are controlled output and are entered current inner loop P adjuster, and the output of P adjuster is arrived inverter through inverter transfer function.
(3) the photovoltaic grid-connected generating control system structural design based on auto-disturbance rejection technology:
The photovoltaic grid-connected generating control system of structure based on auto-disturbance rejection technology.Control system comprises photovoltaic cell, inverter, filter, circuit, controller part, load and power distribution network etc., as the photovoltaic grid-connected generating control system structure chart of Fig. 5 based on auto-disturbance rejection technology.
Photovoltaic cell DC side output voltage, converts three-phase alternating current to through space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM); Adopt lCfilter filtering high order harmonic component,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE136
for filter inductance;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE138
for filter capacitor; for filter resistance; for line impedance; Z is load;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE144
,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE146
be respectively the electric current on inverter output voltage and filter inductance;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE148
for filter capacitor voltage; for filter capacitor electric current;
Figure 77914DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
for load and net electric current sum;
Figure 155460DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
for load voltage;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE152
,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE154
be respectively the voltage of switching point both sides; Subscript
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE156
for a, b, c three-phase.Through power calculation,
Figure 77149DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
,
Figure 685985DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
for inverter real output;
Figure 859477DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
, for reference power value ，Ke You traffic department provides; By load and net electric current sum
Figure 962748DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
with load voltage
Figure 58880DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
send into controller and carry out power calculation, controller output inverter real output
Figure 708167DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
,
Figure 573355DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
, the voltage magnitude of inverter and frequency output valve with
Figure 217012DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
, reference power value ,
Figure 452001DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
with inverter real output
Figure 965022DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
,
Figure 35746DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
send into droop control part, the voltage reference signal that droop control partly calculates
Figure 89153DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
, send the control section of the dicyclo based on auto-disturbance rejection technology, the dicyclo control section output voltage signal based on auto-disturbance rejection technology
Figure 596544DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
to space vector pulse width modulation circuit, space vector pulse width modulation circuit is controlled inverter circuit and is adjusted three-phase alternating current output.
(4) simulation model of micro-grid control system builds:
Based on MATLAB/simulink emulation platform, the proposed Novel photovoltaic control strategy that generates electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems is carried out to dynamic simulation checking.
As Fig. 6 photovoltaic grid-connected generating control system simulation model figure.PV photovoltaic generating system, by filter, circuit, is connected with power distribution network through step-up transformer.
Simulation parameter is as follows: AC busbar voltage grade is 0.4kV, by step-up transformer, accesses the power distribution network that electric pressure is 10kV; Frequency is 50Hz; Photovoltaic output reference line voltage is taken as 311V; lCinductance in filter
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE158
, inductance
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE160
; Resistance
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE162
; Circuit
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE164
; In droop control strategy, sagging coefficient is taken as respectively
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE166
; Active Disturbance Rejection Control parameter is respectively
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE168
; PI controls parameter
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE170
.Photovoltaic parameter: battery temperature
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE172
; Intensity of illumination
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE174
.Photovoltaic generating system rated output power is
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE176
; Under initial condition
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE178
.
When fluctuation occurs load, the variation of observation grid-connected photovoltaic system power output, works as t=0s, initial load
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE180
; Work as t=0.5s, drop into after load,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE182
; Work as t=1s, drop into after load, ; Work as t=1.5s, after excision load,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE186
; Work as t=2s, after excision load,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE188
.
Simulation result, as shown in Figure 7 grid-connected photovoltaic system active power of output curve chart.When fluctuation occurs load, large electrical network is born the grid power variation that load fluctuation causes, and photovoltaic cell Maximum Power Output is 3kW.Photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter active power of output can be followed the tracks of the maximum power of photovoltaic cell fast, and through of short duration adjustment, can maintain constant output.
Grid-connected photovoltaic system output reactive power curve chart as shown in Figure 8.The load or burden without work of system is mainly born by main distribution net, and when fluctuation occurs load or burden without work, power distribution network can, from the variation of motion tracking load or burden without work, be adjusted output reactive power in time.Photovoltaic generating system does not provide reactive power support substantially.
Respectively photovoltaic parallel in system is carried out to traditional permanent power and control and active disturbance rejection droop control, observation mains frequency waveform.Photovoltaic power generation grid-connecting system frequency comparison of wave shape figure as shown in Figure 9.When photovoltaic generating system adopts active disturbance rejection droop control strategy to carry out grid-connected control, in FREQUENCY CONTROL, its overshoot has obtained obvious inhibition, and the adjustment time is shorter, controls successful and is better than traditional permanent power control strategy.
A kind of parallel network power generation control method based on auto-disturbance rejection technology proposed by the invention, theoretical clear, design procedure is simple, and wide accommodation has good control effect for complicated controlled device.Auto Disturbances Rejection Control Technique is applied in parallel network power generation control strategy, realizes the balance of the power under grid-connected pattern and follow the tracks of, and the non differential regulation of frequency and voltage magnitude, operational reliability and the fail safe of photovoltaic parallel in system strengthened.。And this control method has general meaning, applied widely, for the control of complex nonlinear controlled device provides new thinking.

Claims (2)

1. the Novel photovoltaic control method of generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems, it is characterized in that, photovoltaic grid-connected generating control system comprises photovoltaic cell, inverter, filter, circuit, controller, load and power distribution network, controller comprises droop control part, the dicyclo control section based on auto-disturbance rejection technology and space vector pulse width modulation circuit, photovoltaic cell DC side output voltage, converts three-phase alternating current to through space vector pulse width modulation; Inverter output is passed through lCfilter filtering high order harmonic component powering load connects power distribution network by switch simultaneously; By load and net electric current sum
Figure 55737DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
with load voltage
Figure 201310610087X100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
send into controller and carry out power calculation, the actual output of controller output inverter is gained merit and reactive power
Figure 201310610087X100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
,
Figure 201310610087X100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
, the voltage magnitude of inverter and frequency output valve
Figure 201310610087X100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
with
Figure 201310610087X100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
, reference power is meritorious and idle value
Figure 201310610087X100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
, meritorious and the reactive power with the actual output of inverter ,
Figure 611669DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
send into droop control part, the voltage reference signal that droop control partly calculates
Figure 201310610087X100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
send the control section of the dicyclo based on auto-disturbance rejection technology, the dicyclo control section output voltage signal based on auto-disturbance rejection technology to space vector pulse width modulation circuit, space vector pulse width modulation circuit is controlled inverter circuit and is adjusted three-phase alternating current output.
2. the Novel photovoltaic control method of generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described droop control partly calculates: with reference to active power value
Figure 131512DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
with inverter real output after send proportioner
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
, proportioner output and inverter frequency output valve
Figure 830664DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
be added rear and inverter actual output frequency frelatively, comparative result send PI controller from motion tracking phase angle theta; Simultaneously with reference to reactive power value with the actual output reactive power of inverter
Figure 358914DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
after send proportioner , the voltage magnitude of proportioner output and inverter be added rear and inverter actual output voltage amplitude relatively, comparative result send PI controller automatic track reference voltage magnitude
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
; By track reference voltage magnitude
Figure 418006DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
and phase angle theta, calculate inverter control signal d-axis and quadrature axis component.
CN201310610087.XA 2013-11-27 2013-11-27 Novel grid-connected photovoltaic power generation control method Pending CN103606954A (en)

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