CN103604821B - The measuring method of austenite content in a kind of steel - Google Patents
The measuring method of austenite content in a kind of steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN103604821B CN103604821B CN201310618760.4A CN201310618760A CN103604821B CN 103604821 B CN103604821 B CN 103604821B CN 201310618760 A CN201310618760 A CN 201310618760A CN 103604821 B CN103604821 B CN 103604821B
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Abstract
The invention discloses the measuring method of austenite content in a kind of steel, Rietveld method is adopted for the steel curved beam with texture, and utilizing MAUD refine software to carry out structure refinement to XRD collection of illustrative plates, object is, when measuring austenite content in steel, can improve the accuracy of test findings.Rietveld refine method has following advantage: can solve the insurmountable problem of some classic methods, multiple phase can be revised simultaneously, and when there is third phase (as carbonide) in XRD collection of illustrative plates, still austenitic content can be obtained, what Rietveld refine method was done is structure refinement, when doing quantitative test, do not need to understand the formula quantitatively calculated.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to X-ray diffraction test field, especially relate to the measuring method of austenite content in a kind of steel.
Background technology
Rietveld proposed the method for carrying out structure refinement with Full _ pattern fitting in 1967, started the new period of diffraction data process being carried out to fundamental change.Rietveld method is a kind of method of Full _ pattern fitting, utilize calculated value and the observed value of computer programs point-by-point comparison diffracted intensity exactly, with least square method adjustment structure atomic parameter and peak shape parameter, make calculating peak shape and observe peak shape matching, namely the weighted residual difference side factor R wp of figure is minimum.The theory point of Full _ pattern fitting is:
(1) each diffraction peak all has certain shape and width, and available functions is simulated.If the peak-shaped function of area normalization is G
k, subscript k represents a certain (HKL) crystal face diffraction, below all with.In diffraction peak certain (2 θ)
ithe observed strength Y at some place
ikbe expressed as:
Y
ik=G
iki
k-formula (1)
Subscript i represents at (2 θ)
iplace, I
kfor the integrated intensity of diffraction peak k
I
k=SM
kl
kf
k 2-formula (2)
M in formula
k, L
kand F
kbe respectively the multiplicity factor of diffracted ray k, Lorentz lorentz's factor and comprise the structural amplitude of temperature factor, S is scale factor.
(2) whole diffraction spectra is the superposition of each diffraction peak.Certain point (2 θ) in diffraction spectra
ithe observed strength Y at place
ibe expressed as
Y
ibfor background intensity.
(3) each (2 θ) in whole diffraction spectra can be calculated by formula (3) according to certain model
ithe diffracted intensity Y at place
ic.Change each structural parameters in formula (3), each Y can be changed
ic, make and each measured value Y
iorelatively, make the M in following formula minimum by least square, this is Full _ pattern fitting.
M=∑
iw
i(Y
io-Y
ic)
2-formula (4)
In formula, subscript o, c are expressed as measured value or calculated value, W
i=[σ
2(Y
i)+σ
2(B
i)]
-1for adding up the weight factor obtained by Poisson, σ
2(B
i) be usually decided to be 0, and σ
2(Y
i) equal Y
i 2, therefore W
i=1/Y
i.
(4) quality of Full _ pattern fitting, the available R factor judges, the conventional R factor has several definition following:
R
p=∑
iy
io-Y
ic/ ∑
iy
io-formula (5)
R
wp=[∑
iw
i(Y
io-Y
ic)
2/ ∑
iw
iy
io 2]
1/2-formula (6)
R
b=R
i=∑
ki
ko-I
kc/ ∑ I
ko-formula (7)
Rexp=[(N-P)/∑
iw
iy
io 2]
0.5-formula (8)
GofF=∑
iw
i(Y
io-Y
ic)
2/ (N-P)=(R
wp/ R
exp)
2-formula (9)
W in formula
ifor the statistical weight factor, N is the number of diffraction spectra data point, and P is the number of the variable element in matching, and GofF is the abbreviation of GoodnessofFitting.
At present, in steel, the mensuration of austenite content often adopts directly comparing method, and its specific requirement has regulation in standard GB/T8362-1987 and YB/T5338-2006 " in steel residual austenite quantitative analysis X-ray diffractometer method " is clear and definite.But, when there is preferred orientation in sample, martensitic phase, austenite mutually in integrated intensity ratio between each diffracted ray will exceed the allowed band in GB, thus cause the result of calculation discreteness utilizing directly comparing method very large.In addition, existing measuring method measuring result error is large, and if have third phase in steel, as carbonide, need the volume fraction knowing third phase, and the volume fraction of third phase is difficult to obtain.Therefore, when there being third phase in steel, prior art is very scabrous.Therefore, need to study a kind of method more accurately austenite content in the steel recorded and standard can being carried out contrasting, the advantage less according to the measuring error of Rietveld refine method, can utilize Rietveld refine method to obtain austenite content comparatively accurately.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is, overcome the shortcoming that the large and third phase in steel curved beam of measuring result error in prior art can affect measurement result, a kind of measuring method that can improve austenite content in the steel of measurement result accuracy is provided, the method for the steel curved beam with texture, and can solve the problem that third phase brings.
In order to solve above technical matters, the invention provides the measuring method of austenite content in a kind of steel, comprising the steps:
Step 1: steel curved beam abrasive paper for metallograph to be measured is polished step by step, is then polished to surfacing bright and clean;
Step 2: the XRD collection of illustrative plates of the steel curved beam after utilizing X-ray diffractometer acquisition step 1 to polish and XRD data, steel curved beam after polishing is placed on clean sample stage, X-ray tube sends X ray and is irradiated on described steel curved beam, produce diffraction phenomena, the x-ray photon of diffracted ray is received with radiation detector, amplify after process through metering circuit, obtain corresponding XRD collection of illustrative plates and XRD data;
Step 3: utilizing X-ray analysis software to carry out qualitative analysis of phase to the XRD collection of illustrative plates that step 2 obtains, determining whether there is martensite, austenite and the third phase except martensite and austenite in steel curved beam, if there is not third phase, then enter next step;
Step 4: according to the result of step 3, utilizes Findit2008 software to derive and exports martensite corresponding in storehouse and austenitic cif data file, and using cif data file as reference data during matching;
Step 5: open MAUD software, by required cif data file and XRD data importing in MAUD software;
Step 6: click " computespectra " icon in MAUD software, XRD collection of illustrative plates and matching collection of illustrative plates appear in the software upper right corner, matching collection of illustrative plates utilizes the cif data of importing in step 5 and XRD data to carry out matching, then increases the intensity of matching collection of illustrative plates;
Step 7: manually adjustment martensite and austenitic cell parameter;
Step 8: back end correction is carried out to XRD collection of illustrative plates;
Step 9: " basicphase " icon clicked in MAUD software is finely tuned martensite and austenitic crystal cell parameter again, and carried out " microstructure " refine to austenite;
Step 10: mutually texture refine is carried out with austenite to martensite;
Step 11: click " refinementwizard " icon in MAUD software, then clicks " Quantitativeanalysis ", then clicks " go ", refine is carried out to XRD collection of illustrative plates, MAUD software carries out refine automatically, and after refine terminates, software interface will show refine error;
Step 12: click " sample " in software interface, click again " Edittheselectedobjectofthevisiblelist ", select " Austenite " at " phase " in hurdle, austenitic volume fraction and massfraction in show sample can be distinguished in " Volumefraction " and " Weightfraction " hurdle.
The technical scheme that the present invention limits further is:
In abovementioned steps 3, to the qualitative analysis of phase of XRD collection of illustrative plates, in analysis result, there is third phase, then carry out following steps:
Step 4: according to the result of step 3, utilizes Findit2008 software to derive the cif data file exporting martensite corresponding in storehouse, austenite and third phase, and using described cif data file as reference data during matching;
Step 5: open MAUD software, by required cif data file and XRD data importing in MAUD software;
Step 6: click " computespectra " icon in MAUD software, XRD collection of illustrative plates and matching collection of illustrative plates appear in the software upper right corner, matching collection of illustrative plates utilizes the cif data of importing in step 5 and XRD data to carry out matching, then increases the intensity of matching collection of illustrative plates;
Step 7: the cell parameter manually adjusting martensite, austenite and third phase;
Step 8: back end correction is carried out to XRD collection of illustrative plates;
Step 9: " basicphase " icon clicked in MAUD software is finely tuned martensite, austenite and third phase cell parameter again, and carried out " microstructure " refine to austenite;
Step 10: mutually texture refine is carried out to martensite, austenite and third phase;
Step 11: click " refinementwizard " icon in MAUD software, then clicks " Quantitativeanalysis ", then clicks " go ", refine is carried out to XRD collection of illustrative plates, MAUD software carries out refine automatically, and after refine terminates, software interface will show refine error;
Step 12: click " sample " in software interface, click again " Edittheselectedobjectofthevisiblelist ", select " Austenite " at " phase " in hurdle, austenitic volume fraction and massfraction in show sample can be distinguished in " Volumefraction " and " Weightfraction " hurdle.
Further, in abovementioned steps 2, utilize X-ray diffractometer to adopt step-scan pattern or continuous sweep pattern to the scan mode of steel curved beam, the sweep velocity of continuous sweep pattern is set to be not more than 1 °/min, and sweep limit 2 θ of continuous sweep pattern is set to 40 °-120 °.
In abovementioned steps 6, the method increasing the intensity of matching collection of illustrative plates is: in the drop-down menu of MAUD software, select " DiffractionInstrument " option, then select " Intensity (the scalefactor) " option in " DiffractionInstrument " option, click and increase icon.
In abovementioned steps 7, in MAUD software drop-down menu, click martensite option, adjustment cell parameter a value, martensitic matching collection of illustrative plates peak position and actual collection of illustrative plates are coincide; In MAUD software drop-down menu, click austenite option, adjust austenitic cell parameter a value, itself and actual collection of illustrative plates are coincide.
In abovementioned steps 9, the method of austenite being carried out to " microstructure " refine is: click the austenite option in MAUD software drop-down menu, select " microstructure " option in austenite option, by progressively reducing or increasing austenite grain size, manual refine is carried out to austenite grain size, makes the diffraction peak width of matching collection of illustrative plates consistent with actual collection of illustrative plates.
In abovementioned steps 10, martensitic phase is clicked in " Phases " page of MAUD software, click " Edittheselectedobjectofthevisiblelist ", select " AdvancedModels " option, then in " Texture " item, " Harmonic " option is selected, click " Options " option, select " m3m " in " Samplesymmetry " frame in described " Options " option, texture refine is carried out to martensite; Austenite phase is clicked in " Phases " page of MAUD software, click " Edittheselectedobjectofthevisiblelist ", select " AdvancedModels " option, then in " Texture " item, " Harmonic " option is selected, click " Options " option, select " m3m " in " Samplesymmetry " frame in described " Options " option, texture refine is carried out to austenite.
In above technical scheme, prior art radiation detector can be used to receive the x-ray photon of diffracted ray, amplify process through metering circuit, obtain corresponding XRD collection of illustrative plates and XRD data, and use prior art to utilize X-ray analysis software to carry out qualitative analysis of phase to XRD collection of illustrative plates.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention adopts Rietveld refine method to have following advantage: (1) Rietveld refine method can solve the insurmountable problem of some classic methods, comprise the problem of overlap of peaks, solid solution problem, the different problem of grain size, preferred orientation problem and the problem containing amorphous; (2) Rietveld refine method can revise multiple phase simultaneously, and, when there is third phase (as carbonide) in XRD collection of illustrative plates, still can obtain austenitic content, only need the crystal structure of third phase is imported and carries out revising; (3) what Rietveld refine method was done is structure refinement, when doing quantitative test, does not need to understand the formula quantitatively calculated; (4) the present invention adopts Rietveld method, utilizes MAUD refine software to carry out structure refinement to XRD collection of illustrative plates, can improve the accuracy of test findings; (5) the present invention is by the refine of " basicphase " module, the cell parameter of adjustment martensite and austenite cif file; (6) the present invention is by the refine of " microstructure " module, and the grain size of adjustment martensite and austenite cif file, makes matching collection of illustrative plates and actual collection of illustrative plates meet better.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the XRD collection of illustrative plates utilizing X-ray diffractometer to obtain of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the refine matching collection of illustrative plates of the present invention to 1# sample.
Fig. 3 is the refine error of the present invention to 1# sample.
Fig. 4 is that the present invention is to the austenite content obtained after the refine of 1# sample.
Fig. 5 is the refine matching collection of illustrative plates of the present invention to 2# sample.
Fig. 6 is the refine error of the present invention to 2# sample.
Fig. 7 is that the present invention is to the austenite content obtained after the refine of 2# sample.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The measuring method of austenite content in a kind of steel that the present embodiment provides, its operation steps is as follows:
Step 1: steel curved beam abrasive paper for metallograph to be measured is polished step by step, is then polished to surfacing bright and clean; If specimen surface is more coarse, then in process of the test, easily there is re-diffraction, affect XRD graph-spectrum quality.
Step 2: the XRD collection of illustrative plates of the steel curved beam after utilizing X-ray diffractometer acquisition step 1 to polish and XRD data, steel curved beam after polishing is placed on clean sample stage, X-ray tube sends X ray and is irradiated on described steel curved beam, produce diffraction phenomena, the x-ray photon of diffracted ray is received with radiation detector, amplify after process through metering circuit, obtain corresponding XRD collection of illustrative plates and XRD data; Because the requirement of Rietveld refine method to the quality of data is higher, X-ray diffractometer is utilized to adopt step-scan pattern or continuous sweep pattern to the scan mode of steel curved beam, the sweep velocity of continuous sweep pattern is set to be not more than 1 °/min, and the XRD collection of illustrative plates signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) obtained like this is higher.In addition, the diffraction peak number participating in matching requires many as far as possible.The diffraction peak number participating in matching is more, and result of calculation is more accurate.Therefore, in order to improve the accuracy of measurement, sweep limit 2 θ of continuous sweep pattern is set to 40 °-120 °.
Step 3: utilizing X-ray analysis software to carry out qualitative analysis of phase to the XRD collection of illustrative plates that step 2 obtains, determining whether there is martensite, austenite and the third phase except martensite and austenite in steel curved beam, if there is not third phase, then enter next step.
Step 4: according to the result of step 3, utilizes Findit2008 software to derive and exports martensite corresponding in storehouse and austenitic cif data file, and using cif data file as reference data during matching.
Step 5: open MAUD software, by required cif data file and XRD data importing in MAUD software.
Step 6: click " computespectra " icon in MAUD software, there is XRD collection of illustrative plates and matching collection of illustrative plates in the software upper right corner, matching collection of illustrative plates utilizes the cif data of importing in step 5 and XRD data to carry out matching, then the intensity of matching collection of illustrative plates is increased, " DiffractionInstrument " option is selected in the drop-down menu of MAUD software, then select " Intensity (the scalefactor) " option in " DiffractionInstrument " option, click and increase icon.The intensity object increasing matching collection of illustrative plates is when subsequent manual adjustment cell parameter, more clearly can find out whether matching collection of illustrative plates peak position and actual XRD collection of illustrative plates coincide.
Step 7: manually adjustment martensite and austenitic cell parameter, clicks martensite option in MAUD software drop-down menu, adjustment cell parameter a value, and martensitic matching collection of illustrative plates peak position and actual collection of illustrative plates are coincide; In MAUD software drop-down menu, click austenite option, adjust austenitic cell parameter a value, itself and actual collection of illustrative plates are coincide.
Step 8: back end correction is carried out to XRD collection of illustrative plates; When utilizing MAUD software to carry out refine, first should carry out step (6) and step (7), and then carry out back end correction, can not start most just to carry out back end correction.Otherwise when in steel, austenite content is lower, austenite diffraction peak has very easily been deducted in back end makeover process by as back end intensity.
Step 9: " basicphase " icon clicked in MAUD software is finely tuned martensite and austenitic crystal cell parameter again, and carried out " microstructure " refine to austenite; Should note when utilizing MAUD software to carry out refine, MAUD software can not carry out automatic refine to the content of Micro Phases, if when in steel, austenite content is lower, manual refine need be carried out, the method of austenite being carried out to " microstructure " refine is: click the austenite option in MAUD software drop-down menu, select " microstructure " option in austenite option, by progressively reducing or increasing austenite grain size, manual refine is carried out to austenite grain size, makes the diffraction peak width of matching collection of illustrative plates consistent with actual collection of illustrative plates.
Step 10: mutually texture refine is carried out with austenite to martensite; Martensitic phase is clicked in " Phases " page of MAUD software, click " Edittheselectedobjectofthevisiblelist ", select " AdvancedModels " option, then in " Texture " item, " Harmonic " option is selected, click " Options " option, select " m3m " in " Samplesymmetry " frame in described " Options " option, texture refine is carried out to martensite; Austenite phase is clicked in " Phases " page of MAUD software, click " Edittheselectedobjectofthevisiblelist ", select " AdvancedModels " option, then in " Texture " item, " Harmonic " option is selected, click " Options " option, select " m3m " in " Samplesymmetry " frame in described " Options " option, texture refine is carried out to austenite.
Step 11: click " refinementwizard " icon in MAUD software, then clicks " Quantitativeanalysis ", then clicks " go ", refine is carried out to XRD collection of illustrative plates, MAUD software carries out refine automatically, and after refine terminates, software interface will show refine error.
Step 12: click " sample " in software interface, click again " Edittheselectedobjectofthevisiblelist ", select " Austenite " at " phase " in hurdle, austenitic volume fraction and massfraction in show sample can be distinguished in " Volumefraction " and " Weightfraction " hurdle.
If in step 3, to the qualitative analysis of phase of XRD collection of illustrative plates, in analysis result, there is third phase, then carry out following steps:
Step 4: according to the result of step 3, utilizes Findit2008 software to derive the cif data file exporting martensite corresponding in storehouse, austenite and third phase, and using described cif data file as reference data during matching;
Step 5: open MAUD software, by required cif data file and XRD data importing in MAUD software;
Step 6: click " computespectra " icon in MAUD software, XRD collection of illustrative plates and matching collection of illustrative plates appear in the software upper right corner, matching collection of illustrative plates utilizes the cif data of importing in step 5 and XRD data to carry out matching, then increases the intensity of matching collection of illustrative plates;
Step 7: the cell parameter manually adjusting martensite, austenite and third phase;
Step 8: back end correction is carried out to XRD collection of illustrative plates;
Step 9: " basicphase " icon clicked in MAUD software is finely tuned martensite, austenite and third phase cell parameter again, and carried out " microstructure " refine to austenite;
Step 10: mutually texture refine is carried out to martensite, austenite and third phase;
Step 11: click " refinementwizard " icon in MAUD software, then clicks " Quantitativeanalysis ", then clicks " go ", refine is carried out to XRD collection of illustrative plates, MAUD software carries out refine automatically, and after refine terminates, software interface will show refine error;
Step 12: click " sample " in software interface, click again " Edittheselectedobjectofthevisiblelist ", select " Austenite " at " phase " in hurdle, austenitic volume fraction and massfraction in show sample can be distinguished in " Volumefraction " and " Weightfraction " hurdle.
According to above step, sample adopts 9Ni steel plate, and select the heat treating regime that two kinds different, mark specimen coding is 1# and 2#.Sample is polished to surfacing light after all polishing step by step with abrasive paper for metallograph again.The XRD-7000 type X-ray diffraction analysis instrument that X-ray diffraction analysis adopts Japanese Shimadzu Corporation to produce, Cu-K
αradiation, graphite curved-crystal monochromator, tube voltage 40kV, tube current 30mA, sweep limit is 40 ~ 120 °.Scan pattern is continuous sweep, and sweep velocity is 1 °/min, and step-length is 0.02 °.Use front first inspection apparatus whether normal, open circulating condensing water power source switch and panel-switch successively, to control water loop temperature, open X-ray diffractometer host switch, the sample stage of cleaning X-ray diffractometer, puts into specimen holder by the steel curved beam of having polished, shuts main frame door, and open X-ray tube high pressure and start to scan steel curved beam, measure the XRD collection of illustrative plates that obtains as shown in Figure 1.
MAUD software is used to carry out Rietveld refine to 1#, 2# sample.To step (11), refine is carried out to XRD collection of illustrative plates according to step (1), comprise background, scaling factor, microstructure, cell parameter, texture etc.After refine terminates, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, its refine error meets refine requirement, Rw(and Rwp for the refine result that software provides and error)≤15%.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiments.All employings are equal to the technical scheme of replacement or equivalent transformation formation, all drop on the protection domain of application claims.
Claims (6)
1. the measuring method of austenite content in steel, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
Step 1: steel curved beam abrasive paper for metallograph to be measured is polished step by step, is then polished to surfacing bright and clean;
Step 2: the XRD collection of illustrative plates of the steel curved beam after utilizing X-ray diffractometer acquisition step 1 to polish and XRD data, steel curved beam after polishing is placed on clean sample stage, X-ray tube sends X ray and is irradiated on described steel curved beam, produce diffraction phenomena, the x-ray photon of diffracted ray is received with radiation detector, amplify after process through metering circuit, obtain corresponding XRD collection of illustrative plates and XRD data;
Step 3: utilize X-ray analysis software to carry out qualitative analysis of phase to the XRD collection of illustrative plates that step 2 obtains, determine in steel curved beam, whether to there is martensite, austenite and the third phase except martensite and austenite, as there is third phase in analysis result, then carry out next step;
Step 4: according to the result of step 3, utilizes Findit2008 software to derive the cif data file exporting martensite corresponding in storehouse, austenite and third phase, and using described cif data file as reference data during matching;
Step 5: open MAUD software, by required cif data file and XRD data importing in MAUD software;
Step 6: click " computespectra " icon in MAUD software, XRD collection of illustrative plates and matching collection of illustrative plates appear in the software upper right corner, described matching collection of illustrative plates utilizes the cif data of importing in step 5 and XRD data to carry out matching, then increases the intensity of matching collection of illustrative plates;
Step 7: the cell parameter manually adjusting martensite, austenite and third phase;
Step 8: back end correction is carried out to XRD collection of illustrative plates;
Step 9: " basicphase " icon clicked in MAUD software is finely tuned martensite, austenite and third phase cell parameter again, and carried out " microstructure " refine to described austenite;
Step 10: mutually texture refine is carried out to martensite, austenite and third phase;
Step 11: click " refinementwizard " icon in MAUD software, then clicks " Quantitativeanalysis ", then clicks " go ", refine is carried out to XRD collection of illustrative plates, MAUD software carries out refine automatically, and after refine terminates, software interface will show refine error;
Step 12: click " sample " in software interface, click again " Edittheselectedobjectofthevisiblelist ", select " Austenite " at " phase " in hurdle, austenitic volume fraction and massfraction in show sample can be distinguished in " Volumefraction " and " Weightfraction " hurdle.
2. according to the measuring method of austenite content in the steel described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 2, X-ray diffractometer is utilized to adopt step-scan pattern or continuous sweep pattern to the scan mode of steel curved beam, the sweep velocity of described continuous sweep pattern is set to be not more than 1 °/min, and sweep limit 2 θ of described continuous sweep pattern is set to 40 °-120 °.
3. according to the measuring method of austenite content in the steel described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 6, the method increasing the intensity of matching collection of illustrative plates is: in the drop-down menu of MAUD software, select " DiffractionInstrument " option, then select " Intensity (the scalefactor) " option in described " DiffractionInstrument " option, click and increase icon.
4. according to the measuring method of austenite content in the steel described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 7, in MAUD software drop-down menu, click martensite option, adjustment cell parameter a value, martensitic matching collection of illustrative plates peak position and actual collection of illustrative plates are coincide; In MAUD software drop-down menu, click austenite option, adjust austenitic cell parameter a value, itself and actual collection of illustrative plates are coincide.
5. according to the measuring method of austenite content in the steel described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 9, the method of described austenite being carried out to " microstructure " refine is: click the austenite option in MAUD software drop-down menu, select " microstructure " option in described austenite option, by progressively reducing or increasing austenite grain size, manual refine is carried out to austenite grain size, makes the diffraction peak width of matching collection of illustrative plates consistent with actual collection of illustrative plates.
6. according to the measuring method of austenite content in the steel described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 10, martensitic phase is clicked in " Phases " page of MAUD software, click " Edittheselectedobjectofthevisiblelist ", select " AdvancedModels " option, then in " Texture " item, " Harmonic " option is selected, click " Options " option, select " m3m " in " Samplesymmetry " frame in described " Options " option, texture refine is carried out to martensite; Austenite phase is clicked in " Phases " page of MAUD software, click " Edittheselectedobjectofthevisiblelist ", select " AdvancedModels " option, then in " Texture " item, " Harmonic " option is selected, click " Options " option, select " m3m " in " Samplesymmetry " frame in described " Options " option, texture refine is carried out to austenite.
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| CN103604821A (en) | 2014-02-26 |
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